Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
page 1
B.
Baseline methodology
C.
D.
E.
F.
Environmental impacts
G.
Stakeholders comments
Annexes
Annex 1: Information on participants in the project activity
Annex 2: Information regarding public funding
Annex 3: Baseline Information
page 2
Rae Bareli
Allahabad
Sultanpur
Pratapgarh
2000-01
209,971
385,279
329,125
172,170
2001-02
299,278
364,115
358,477
231,694
2002-03
223,545
315,023
263,269
179,042
Average
244,264
354,805
316,957
194,302
68,394
99,345
88,748
54,404
Thus it can be seen that on an average the total rice husk available from the neighboring regions is of the
order of 310,891 tonnes per annum (tpa). The requirement of rice husk for this project is around 40,000
1
http://upgov.up.nic.in/engspatrika/zspmenu.asp?state=V2
page 3
tpa. This is besides about 55,000 tpa of rice husk being presently consumed by SBPML. Thus it is ensured
that sufficient quantity of rice husk is available for the project.
Project Activitys contribution to Sustainable Development
The contributions of the project activity towards sustainable development are as follows:
Social well being The project activity results in generation of employment. The employment generation
would be during the time of construction of the project activity and also during the operational phase
wherein people would be employed for running the cogeneration facility once it gets commissioned.
Economic well being The project activity would require rice husk which would be procured from the
nearby areas. This would lead to additional income generation for the local farmers who would be able to
sell the rice husk for effective utilization in the project activity.
Environmental well being The project activity helps in sustainable usage of natural resources. By
replacing the fossil fuel based power generation with rice husk fired boilers for power generation the
project activity results in reduction in GHG emissions.
Technological well being The technology being used in the project activity represents the best available
environmentally safe and sound technology for the application. The equipments being supplied for the
project activity are from well established equipment manufacturers in the Indian market.
Thus it is ensured that the project activity contributes positively to the stipulated sustainable development
indicators.
A.3. Project participants:
>>
Name of Party involved (*)
((host) indicates a host
party)
India (host)
page 4
page 5
page 6
A.4.2. Type and category(ies) and technology of the small-scale project activity:
>>
Main Category :
Type I Renewable energy projects
Sub Category :
D Grid connected renewable electricity generation
The basic criteria for a small scale CDM project activity of Type (i) renewable energy project activities is
that maximum output capacity of project activity should not exceed 15 MW. Since the proposed project
activity is biomass (Renewable energy) based cogeneration power plant of capacity 3 MW, it clearly
satisfies the required criteria. Hence, the project falls under the Type I - Renewable energy projects of
indicative simplified baseline and monitoring methodologies for selected small-scale CDM project activity
categories. Further, this project displaces grid based power supply hence it falls under the Category D Grid connected renewable electricity generation.
And further to qualify under this category, the sum of all forms of energy output shall not exceed 45
MWthermal. E.g., for a biomass based co-generating system the rating for all the boilers combined shall not
exceed 45 MWthermal. The project activity clearly qualifies the said criteria since the rating of the boiler is
less than the stipulated limit as shown below:
Boiler Capacity:
24 TPH
6.67 kg/s (= 24 *1000/3600)
Energy of steam:
418 kJ/kg
0.418 MJ/kg
Boiler rating:
6.67*(3.3 0.418)
19.22 MWthermal
http://www.nrdcindia.com/pages/fbc.htm
page 7
there is requirement of steam as well as power at the manufacturing set-up, so extraction cum condensing
turbine is the best option for the project. The project activity will also have an electrostatic precipitator to
control the emissions arising due to the combustions. The specifications of the systems in the project
activity are as follows:
Boiler
Type:
Pressure:
44 kg/cm2
Temperature:
440 C
Capacity:
24 tph
Fuel:
Rice Husk
Efficiency:
82 %
Turbine
Type:
Capacity:
3 MW
42 kg/cm2
Temperature:
430 C
Rated speed:
8250 RPM
1500 RPM
Alternator
Rating:
Type:
Brushless Excitation
Generation Voltage:
400/440 Volts
Frequency:
50 Hz
Speed:
1500 RPM
Condensor
Capacity:
11 tph
32 C
40 C
785 m3/Hr
page 8
A.4.3. Brief explanation of how the anthropogenic emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gas
(GHGs) by sources are to be reduced by the proposed small-scale project activity, including why the
emission reductions would not occur in the absence of the proposed small-scale project activity,
taking into account national and/or sectoral policies and circumstances:
>>
The project activity will be displacing grid based power with a carbon neutral fuel (rice husk) for power
generation. Thus the GHG emissions which would have been produced due to the combustion of fossil fuels
(coal, gas) in the grid based power plants will be avoided.
The Uttar Pradesh State Power Policy 2003 as given by the Government of Uttar Pradesh (GOUP) states
that it would encourage and support power generation through renewable energy sources such as solar,
wind etc. GOUP will come up with special policy framework to support such projects3, as of now no such
framework is existent. The New and Renewable Energy Policy Statement 20054 as given by Ministry of
Non-conventional Energy Sources (MNES), Government of India also does not talk of such kind of project
activities. The project activity being carried out by SBPML is a voluntary initiative to reduce the GHG
emissions.
A.4.3.1 Estimated amount of emission reductions over the chosen crediting period:
>>
Years
Annual Estimation of emission reduction in
tonnes of CO2e
2007-08
13,993
2008-09
13,993
2009-10
13,993
2010-11
13,993
2011-12
13,993
2012-13
13,993
2013-14
13,993
2014-15
13,993
2015-16
13,993
2016-17
13,993
Total estimated reductions
139,930
(tonnes of CO2e)
Total number of crediting years
10 years
Annual Average over the crediting
period of estimated reduction (tonnes
of CO2e)
http://upgov.nic.in/
http://mnes.nic.in/Rene%202005_new.pdf
13,993
page 9
Whose project boundary is within 1 km of the project boundary of the proposed small-scale
activity at the closest point.
The project proponent has already got a registered CDM project in same project category at the same
location5. Since the total size of both the projects combined with the proposed project activity will be
equivalent to 38.44 MWthermal
http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/TUEV-SUED1135237103.39/view.html
page 10
B.1. Title and reference of the approved baseline methodology applied to the small-scale project
activity:
>>
As mentioned in A.4.2, the project activity satisfies the eligibility criteria to use Simplified modalities and
procedures for small-scale CDM project facilities.
The approved baseline methodology has been referred from the Indicative simplified baseline and
monitoring methodologies for selected small-scale CDM project activity categories - version 09 28 July 2006. From this reference, the following category is selected for the project activity:
Type I Renewable energy projects
Category D Grid connected renewable electricity generation.
B.2
>>
As explained in A4.2, the proposed project activity falls under the Type I Category D Grid connected
renewable electricity generation.
Baseline for projects under Category I.D has been detailed in paragraphs 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 of Indicative
simplified baseline and monitoring methodologies for selected small-scale CDM project activity categories
- version 09 - 28 July 2006. Due to the following reasons, the paragraphs 7, 8 and 11 are not applicable to
this project activity:
the project activity is not a landfill gas, waste gas, waste water treatment and agro industries
project
the project activity does not seek to retrofit or modify an existing facility for renewable energy
generation.
The baseline of the project activity would be based on the paragraph 9, which is given as follows.
Paragraph 9 The baseline is the kWh produced by the renewable generating unit multiplied by an
emission coefficient (measured in kg CO2equ/kWh) calculated in a transparent and conservative manner
as:
page 11
(a) A combined margin (CM), consisting of the combination of operating margin (OM) and build margin
(BM) according to the procedures prescribed in the approved methodology ACM0002. Any of the four
procedures to calculate the operating margin can be chosen, but the restrictions to use the Simple OM and
the Average OM calculations must be considered
OR
(b) The weighted average emissions (in kg CO2equ/kWh) of the current generation mix. The data of the year
in which project generation occurs must be used.
Calculations must be based on data from an official source (where available) and made publicly available.
The project activity would displace the electricity which would have been drawn from the grid. The
baseline is calculated according to the procedures prescribed in the approved methodology ACM0002. The
first step to estimate the baseline emission coefficient is selection of grid boundary. There are five regions
in India with respect to electrical transmission systems namely Northern Region, North Eastern Region,
Eastern Region, Southern Region and Western Region. Northern region grid comprises of Delhi, Punjab,
Haryana, Chandigarh, Rajasthan, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttranchal, Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh.
The project activity is located in Uttar Pradesh state, which falls under Northern region. Hence, Northern
region grid is selected as grid boundary to estimate the baseline emission factor.
The baseline emissions are calculated using the average of the approximate operating margin and the build
margin, which takes into consideration the trends of future capacity additions. Hence, it would represent the
realistic anthropogenic emissions by sources that would occur in absence of the project activity. The details
of baseline emission estimation are given in Annex 3.
B.3. Description of how the anthropogenic emissions of GHG by sources are reduced below those
that would have occurred in the absence of the registered small-scale CDM project activity:
>>
The implementation of the project activity faces the following barriers:
Investment barrier
SBPML has got one similar project operating at the same location registered as a CDM project for which
CERs have been issued upto 31st December 2005. This prompted SBPML to undertake the next project
activity also as a CDM project. The carbon credit revenues that would accrue from the project activity
were informed to the various investors. Financial closure for the project activity has been achieved due to
the consideration of CDM revenues. The loan component of the project has been financed by the same two
bankers who funded the earlier CDM project. For raising the equity component, the existing shareholders
page 12
were offered fresh equity shares on Rights basis. This was the first Rights Issue of equity shares by a
Company in India, which had a registered CDM project and the proceeds from the issue were used to fund
the next CDM project.
In the letter of offer for Rights issue mailed to all the shareholders on 1st April 2006, detailed information
about the CDM projects being carried out by SBPML was given. Subsequently, on 21st April 2006,
individual letters were mailed to shareholders informing them about the earlier CDM project of SBPML
which got registered on 3rd February 2006. Other details of communication with the shareholders will be
shared with the DOE. The CDM consideration has led to achieving the financial closure of the project
activity. Also, subsequently CDM revenues would help in overcoming the increase in the rice husk prices
as is being seen in other parts of the country.
Technological barrier
There are primarily two types of combustion technologies available for biomass combustion grate firing
and fluidised bed combustion. The first is a traditional technology whilst the second is a fairly recent
innovation6. SBPML has opted for the more advanced fluidised bed combustion technology for the high
pressure boiler of the project activity. As compared to the less technologically intensive stepped grate
furnace which has a lower efficiency of around 55-60%, the fluidised bed combustion technology gives
higher efficiencies of the order of 75-80%7. The FBC also results in reduced NOx emissions because of the
lower temperatures involved and in process capture of SO2. As per the available statistics the penetration of
FBC boilers in the pulp & paper industry in India is only around ten percent8.
Rice husk ash contains high percentage of silica which leads to rapid erosion of the equipments. Due to
high silica content and the shape of rice husk, equipments like ID fan, cone portion of air pre-heater and top
portion of the stack get eroded which leads to high maintenance cost, frequent breakdown and increased
downtime. Presence of silica in rice husk ash also corrodes boiler tubes which require frequent maintenance
of the boiler. Further, in rice husk fired boilers, escape of fluidized media along with flue gas is a common
problem. To compensate this and to maintain fluidized bed thickness, fluidizing media is required to be
added at regular intervals. This leads to variation in the air requirement; also the fuel flow control with
respect to the steam output is difficult in biomass fired boilers. Hence, the operation & control of biomass
fired boiler requires skilled boiler operators.
6
http://europa.eu.int/comm/energy_transport/atlas/htmlu/bioeint.html
http://www.nrdcindia.com/pages/fbc.htm
page 13
SBPML had perceived above-mentioned technological risks associated with biomass utilization based on
their experience in running the boilers. For overcoming the problem of corrosion of equipments, an Electro
Static Precipitator (ESP) has been installed although the air pollution norms could have been met by
installing Mechanical Dust Collectors (MDC), which is much cheaper. The CDM revenues would
compensate this additional investment and costs involved in overcoming the other technical problems.
Barriers due to prevailing practices
The Uttar Pradesh State Power Policy 2003 as given by the Government of Uttar Pradesh (GOUP) states
that it would encourage and support power generation through renewable energy sources such as solar,
wind etc. GOUP will come up with special policy framework to support such projects9. The project activity
being carried out by SBPML is a voluntary initiative to reduce the GHG emissions. Thus due to lack of
government policy the paper industry sector has little or no incentive to move towards implementation of
technologies which would lead to lower emissions.
There are around 82 paper mills existent in the state of Uttar Pradesh10 and they are meeting their power
requirement by one of the following modes as listed below:
S.No
.
1
Investment
GHG
No. of
%age of
(per MW)
Emissions
Units
Units
Low
High
Moderate
High
High
Very High
High
Nil
11
13
82
100
Total
70
87
From the above figures it is clearly demonstrated that the prevailing practice in the region is power
generation through GHG emitting sources whether it is grid based supply or diesel or coal based captive
http://www.cleantechindia.com/eicnew/bhup.htm
http://upgov.nic.in/
10
page 14
power generation. Only few paper mills have registered rice husk fired FBC type high pressure boilers11
installed at their premises for steam and power generation in the state. Presently of these paper mills only
12 units (including SBPML) have high pressure boilers at their manufacturing facilities. Of these one is a
coal fired boiler and the rest are based on biomass with provision of firing coal during shortage of biomass.
The SBPML project activity is fully based on rice husk with no provision of coal firing.
Further, as per information in public domain, the following four paper mills in the state of Uttar Pradesh
are in the process of availing carbon benefits through CDM for similar biomass based cogeneration
projects:
1. K. R. Pulp & Papers Pvt. Ltd.12
2. Garg Duplex & Papers Pvt. Ltd.13
3. Yash Papers ltd.14
4. Siddeshwari Industries Pvt. Ltd.15
This clearly demonstrates that rice husk based cogeneration activity in paper mills is not a prevailing
practice in the region.
Other barriers
Assured supply of fuel
Continuous and uninterrupted supply of grid supply or fuel (diesel for generators) from nearby depots of
the oil companies at Kanpur/Lucknow does not require SBPML to deploy manpower. On the other hand,
rice husk being an agricultural produce is dependent on the vagaries of the nature, has to be sourced from a
large number of suppliers and is seasonal in nature. Getting assured supply of biomass is dependent on
many uncontrolled parameters thereby increasing the risks in the project activity.
Although so many barriers are associated with the project activity still SBPML has gone ahead with the
implementation of the project activity taking CDM into consideration. CDM funding to SBPML would also
encourage other paper industries to follow suit and thereby contribute towards GHG emission reduction.
11
12
http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/Validation/DB/PTLZA11EUGT9OTMV2HKNYYJUH0HBTY/view.html
13
http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/Validation/DB/PTLZA11EUGT9OTMV2HKNYYJUH0HBTY/view.html
14
http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/Validation/DB/ZLWQKJSXMQI3EUQ04OBFRAK5N3ZD4G/view.html
15
http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/Validation/DB/4K382Z6OP1U3O84O8505L1BXY0PKCK/view.html
page 15
B.4. Description of how the definition of the project boundary related to the baseline methodology
selected is applied to the small-scale project activity:
>>
As per the guidelines provided in the approved methodology, project boundary encompasses the physical
and geographical site of the renewable generation source. The project boundary covers the biomass based
cogeneration power plant, which starts from the biomass storage to the point of power supply to paper mill
where the project proponent has a full control. Thus, project boundary includes biomass storage, biomass
fired boiler, electricity and steam generation from the cogeneration system, auxiliary consumption and
electricity supplied to paper mill. However, for the purpose of calculation of baseline emissions, northern
grid is included in the system boundary. The project boundary is illustrated in the following diagram:
Emissions
sequesterd
Emissions
generated
Auxiliary
consumption
Project Boundary
page 16
page 17
page 18
D.2. Justification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the small-scale project
activity:
>>
As per the paragraph 12 of Simplified Modalities and Procedures for Small Scale CDM Project activities,
a proposed project activity shall,
(a) Meet the eligibility criteria for small-scale CDM project activities set out in paragraph 6 (c) of decision
17/CP.7;
(b Conform to one of the project categories in appendix B to this annex;
(c) Not be a de-bundled component of a larger project activity, as determined through appendix C to this
annex.
As explained earlier in A4.2, the project activity meets the eligibility criteria for small-scale CDM project
activities set out in paragraph 6 (c) of decision 17/CP.7, falls under small-scale CDM project of Type I.
Category D and is not a de-bundled component of a larger project activity.
The monitoring plan has been drawn as per the guidance provided in paragraph 13 of Indicative simplified
baseline and monitoring methodologies for selected small-scale CDM project activity categories Type I Category 1.D - version 09 28 July 2006
Description of monitoring plan
The project activity will have two separate meters to record the gross power produced and auxiliary power
consumed. The monitoring and verification system would mainly comprise of these meters as far as power
page 19
supplied to the manufacturing facility is concerned. The rice husk input is also to be monitored. All
monitoring and control functions will be done as per the internally accepted standards of SBPML. All
instruments will be calibrated and marked at regular intervals so that the accuracy of measurement can be
ensured all the time.
GHG Sources
Direct On-Site Emissions
Direct on-site emissions of the project activity arise from the combustion of rice husk in the boiler. These
emissions mainly include CO2. However, the CO2 released is very less as compared to the amount of CO2
sequestered during the growth of the rice, thereby making it a carbon neutral fuel.
Direct Off-Site Emissions
Direct off-site emissions in the project activity arise from the rice husk transport.
Indirect On-Site Emissions
The indirect on site GHG source is the consumption of energy and the emission of GHGs involved in the
construction of rice husk based power plant. Considering the life of the cogeneration plant and the
emissions to be avoided in the life span, emissions from the above-mentioned source are too small and
hence neglected. No other indirect on-site emissions are anticipated from the project activity.
Project Parameters affecting Emission Reduction
Fuel related parameters:
Quantity of rice husk used in the boiler as fuel
The rice husk received is stored in the plants storage area. The amount of rice husk entering the plant will
be measured and records of the same will be maintained. The weighing system needs to be calibrated
regularly to ensure the accuracy of the measurement. The data will be recorded for further verification. The
amount of rice husk purchased will be based on invoices / receipts from fuel contractors.
Quality of rice husk used in the boiler
The properties of the rice husk used as fuel in the boiler would be determined from ultimate analysis.
page 20
page 21
D.3
Data to be monitored:
>>
a) Parameters affecting the emission reduction potential of the project activity
ID
No.
Data
Variable
Data unit
Total
electricity
generated
kWh
Electroni
c Power
and
Energy
meter,
Daily log
books
Auxiliary
consumption
kWh
Power
supplied
plant
Electroni
c meter,
Daily log
books
Daily log
books
kWh
to
Source of
data
Measured (m),
calculated (c)
or estimated
(e)
m
Recordin
g
frequency
Proportion
of data to be
monitored
Comment
Total
Every 8
hours
Crediting Period
(CP)+2 years
Every 8
hours
Total
Paper
CP + 2 years
Measured in plant
premises and monitored
and recorded every shift
(8 hours). Along with the
energy meter recording
the kW, Ampere and
power factor will also be
monitored on an hourly
basis. This will help in
cross-checking the gross
generated figure.
Measured in plant
premises and monitored
and recorded
continuously.
Every 8
hours
Total
Paper
CP+2 years
page 22
Data
Data
variable unit
Source
of data
Rice
husk
quantity
MT
Invoice
Rice
husk
calorific
value
Kcal/kg
Test
reports
Measured (m),
calculated (c)
or estimated (e)
M
Recording
frequency
Daily
Proportion
of data to be
monitored
100%
Sample
testing
paper
CP+2 years
Comment
To be monitored at
purchase, storage and
usage.
Obtained through sample
testing
page 23
D.4. Qualitative explanation of how quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) procedures are
undertaken:
>>
Quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) procedures are being undertaken for data monitored.
(Data items in tables contained in section D.3 (a to b) above, as applicable)
Data
Uncertainty level of
Are QA/QC
data
procedures
(High/Medium/Low)
planned for
these data?
D.3.(a)1
Low
Yes
D.3.(a)2
Low
Yes
page 24
Uncertainty level of
Are QA/QC
data
procedures
(High/Medium/Low)
planned for
these data?
Class 1.0 = 1% of the full scale + 1 counts
Calibration of the meters from external certified agencies
would be carried out annually.
D.3.(a)3
Low
Yes
D.3.(b)1
Medium
No
D.3.(b)2
Low
No
The calorific value of the rice husk is fairly constant and thus
no QA/QC procedures are required
D.5. Please describe briefly the operational and management structure that the project participant(s)
will implement in order to monitor emission reductions and any leakage effects generated by the
project activity:
>>
SBPML would ensure accuracy of the measurement system as follows:
The shift in-charges will be responsible for the hourly data recording of the relevant parameters
and also the recording of the total energy generated for every 8 hour shift. Any discrepancy
observed in the readings (based on the past data) is addressed promptly. The mechanical and
electrical managers will ensure that the data is properly archived.
The managers will be qualified technical personnel with more than 20 years experience in relevant
field. All the shift in-charges will be diploma holders.
page 25
Not applicable
E.1.2
>>
E.1.2.1 Describe the formulae used to estimate anthropogenic emissions by sources of GHGs due to
the project activity within the project boundary:
>>
Essentially there would be no GHG emissions due to the project activity within the project boundary
because the fuel being used is rice husk. The GHG emission due to the burning of rice husk is negated by
the sequestration done during the growth of rice, thereby making it a carbon neutral fuel. Thus there are no
anthropogenic emissions due to the project activity within the project boundary.
E.1.2.2 Describe the formulae used to estimate leakage due to the project activity, where required,
for the applicable project category in appendix B of the simplified modalities and procedures for
small-scale CDM project activities
>>
As per the methodology leakage estimation is only required if renewable energy technology is equipment
transferred from another activity. This does not apply to the project case. However, the only source of
considerable GHG emissions, which are attributable to the project activity lying outside the project
boundary will be the emissions arising during the transportation of rice husk. The same have been
estimated below.
Emissions due to the transportation of Rice husk
Total rice husk required
40,000
tonnes/year
40,000
tonnes/year
tonnes
5,000
60
km
page 26
30
Liters
150,000
Liters
0.0000283
TJ/lit
74.1
tonnes of CO2/TJ
315
tCO2
(@ 4 km/ lit)
Since these emissions are less than 2% of the total emission reductions by the project activity, they have not
been considered in the calculation of emission reductions.
E.1.2.3 The sum of E.1.2.1 and E.1.2.2 represents the small-scale project activity emissions:
>>
There are no emissions due to the small-scale project activity.
E.1.2.4 Describe the formulae used to estimate the anthropogenic emissions by sources of GHGs in
the baseline using the baseline methodology for the applicable project category in appendix B of the
simplified modalities and procedures for small-scale CDM project activities:
>>
The baseline emission is due the electricity displaced from the northern grid. The present power
generation mix of northern region grid has been used to estimate the net baseline emission factor. It is
estimated as per the guidelines given in the paragraph 9 of Indicative simplified baseline and
monitoring methodology for selected small-scale CDM project activity - Type I - Category D - version
09 28 July 2006.
The emission coefficient has been calculated as the average of the approximate operating margin and
the build margin.
The step-by-step calculation of base line emission is as follows:
STEP 1. Calculation of Operating Margin emission factor (EFOM)
EF OM
,y
i, j
Where
F i , j COEF
i, j
GEN
page 27
COEFi, j - the CO2 emission coefficient of fuel i (t CO2 / mass or volume unit of the fuel),
GENj,
Fi, j
-the amount of fuel i (in a mass or volume unit) consumed by relevant power sources j, calculated
as given below
j
- the power sources delivering electricity to the grid, not including low-operating cost and must-run
power plants
The CO2 emission coefficient COEFi is estimated as
COEF
= NCV
EF CO 2 , i OXID
Where
NCVi - the net calorific value (energy content) per mass or volume unit of a fuel i
EFCO2,i - the CO2 emission factor per unit of energy of the fuel i
OXIDi - the oxidation factor of the fuel
The OM emission factor (EFOM, y) has been calculated ex-ante, separately for the most recent three years
(2003-2004, 2004-2005 and 2005-2006) and an average value has been considered as the OM emission
factor for the baseline (EFOM,).
EFOM = EFOM , y / 3
Where y represents the year
STEP 2. Calculation of the Build Margin emission factor (EF BM,)
It is calculated as the generation-weighted average emission factor (t CO2/GWh) of a sample of power
plants m of grid, as follows:
EF BM = Fi , m COEF i , m / GEN
i ,m
Where
F i, m, COEF i ,m and GEN m - are analogous to the variables described in OM method above for plants m.
The Build Margin emission factor EF
BM
information available on plants already built for sample group m of Northern region grid at the time of
PDD submission. The sample group m consists of the recent 20 % of power plants supplying electricity to
northern region grid, as it comprises of larger annual power generation.
page 28
Further, none of the power plant in the sample group has been registered as CDM project activities.
STEP 3. Calculation of the electricity baseline emission factor (EFy)
It is calculated as the weighted average of the Operating Margin emission factor (EF
OM,)
EF y = W OM EF OM + W BM EF BM
where the weights W OM and W BM, by default, are 50% (i.e., WOM = WBM = 0.5), and EFOM, and EFBM are
calculated as described in Steps 1 and 2 above and are expressed in t CO2/GWh.
BE y = EFy EG y
Where
BEy - are the baseline emissions due to displacement of electricity during the year y in tons of CO2
EGy- is the net quantity of electricity generated by the project activity during the year y in GWh, and
EF y- is the CO2 baseline emission factor for the electricity displaced due to the project activity in tons
CO2/GWh.
In case, the same amount of electricity is generated by the Northern region grid mix, it adds to the
emissions that are ultimately getting reduced by the project activity. Therefore, the baseline estimated
using above methods / scenarios would represent the realistic anthropogenic emissions by sources that
would have occurred in absence of the project activity.
The uncertainties in the baseline, arising out of capacity additions trends are already taken into
consideration during estimation of combined margin factor. The key information and data related to
baseline estimation is given in Annex 3.
E.1.2.5 Difference between E.1.2.4 and E.1.2.3 represents the emission reductions due to the project
activity during a given period:
>>
Following formula is used to determine emission reduction
CO2 emission reduction due to
project activity
(Baseline emission)
(Project emissions )
page 29
E.2
Table providing values obtained when applying formulae above:
>>
Emission Reductions
Year
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
TOTAL
Baseline
Emission
factor
(tCO2/GWh)
750.87
750.87
750.87
750.87
750.87
750.87
750.87
750.87
750.87
750.87
Net Power
produced
(GWh)
18.635
18.635
18.635
18.635
18.635
18.635
18.635
18.635
18.635
18.635
186.35
Baseline
emissions
(tonnes of
CO2 )
13,993
13,993
13,993
13,993
13,993
13,993
13,993
13,993
13,993
13,993
139,930
Project
emissions
(tonnes of
CO2)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Emission
reductions
(tonnes of
CO2)
13,993
13,993
13,993
13,993
13,993
13,993
13,993
13,993
13,993
13,993
139,930
The proposed project activity will generate 186.35 GWh of electricity during the ten years crediting period
and displace equivalent units of electricity from the northern grid. It would result in the reduction of
139,930 tonnes of CO2 emissions during the ten year crediting period.
page 30
1.
Air Quality:
2.
Mitigation Measures/Remarks
operations.
Water:
There shall be no significant effect on
3.
Noise:
Additional noise will be produced once the
4.
Land:
No additional land acquisition is required
16
http://envfor.nic.in/legis/eia/so-60(e).html
5.
page 31
land filling.
Socio-Economic:
Implementation of the project activity would
--------
--------
page 32
Comment
Reply
project activity since they already have diesel conservation. Diesel generators lead to air and noise
generator sets? This capital could have been used pollution, which adversely impacts the health of the
for
further
capacity
increase of
manufacturing facility which would have led to investing substantial capital for the installation of
further employment generation.
What would be the benefit of the project activity to The project activity would lead to employment
the local people?
What
arrangements
have
been
made
transportation of rice husk so that no traffic would be separate and a new road for that would be
page 33
clogging occurs due to the increased influx of laid, thus no traffic clogging would occur.
vehicles?
What safety measures are being adopted for the new The boiler would be operated after the Boiler
boiler being installed?
Will there be any delay in the release of payments No delay in payments for rice husk would occur.
for the rice husk supplied?
Will the project activity lead to any water or noise The water used in the project activity remains in the
pollution?
G.3. Report on how due account was taken of any comments received:
>>
No adverse comments have been received for the project activity. In view of various direct and indirect
benefits (social, economical, and environmental), no concerns were raised during the consultation with
stakeholders.
page 34
Annex 1
CONTACT INFORMATION ON PARTICIPANTS IN THE PROJECT ACTIVITY
Organization:
Street/P.O.Box:
Building:
--
City:
Allahabad
State/Region:
Uttar Pradesh
Postcode/ZIP:
211 002
Country:
India
Telephone:
FAX:
91-532-2607957
E-Mail:
sbpmills1@sancharnet.in
URL:
Represented by:
Title:
Salutation:
Mr.
Last Name:
Srivastav
Middle Name:
First Name:
Kamal
Department:
Finance
Mobile:
Direct FAX:
--
Direct tel:
+91-535-2702155
Personal E-Mail:
sbpml@sify.com
page 35
Annex 2
INFORMATION REGARDING PUBLIC FUNDING
No public funding as part of project financing from Parties included in Annex 1 to the convention is
involved in the project activity.
page 36
Annex 3
BASELINE INFORMATION
Selection of Grid boundary
In the approved consolidated methodology ACM0002, the following guideline is given for the selection of
grid. Where DNA guidance is not available, in large countries with layered dispatch systems (e.g.
state/provincial/regional /national) the regional grid definition should be used. A state/provincial grid
definition may indeed in many cases be too narrow given significant electricity trade among
states/provinces that might be affected, directly or indirectly, by a CDM project activity.
As explained earlier in B.1.1, the electrical transmission system in India, is divided into five regions namely
Northern Region, North Eastern Region, Eastern Region, Southern Region and Western Region. Northern
region grid comprises of Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Rajasthan, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttranchal,
Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh. The location of project activity is in Uttar Pradesh state which is
coming under northern region. Therefore northern grid region is selected as grid boundary to estimate the
baseline emission factor.
Key elements to determine baseline for the project activity
The following key parameters are used to estimate the baseline emission factor of the project activity:
S No.
Key Parameters
Data Sources
Reference
1
Generation of power of all the Annual reports of Northern Region http://www.nrldc.org/d
plants for the year 2001-02, Load Dispatch Center (NRLDC) ocs/7-1.pdf
2002-03, 2003-04, 2004-05 and 2001-02 and 2002-03 Section 7.1, http://www.nrldc.org/d
Annual reports of Northern region ocs/2001-022005-06
Electricity Board (NREB)
section5onwards.pdf
2003-04 Annex-10.1.3
http://nreb.nic.in/Repo
2004-05 Annexure 2.7
rts/Index.htm
2005-06
2
Coal consumption of each coal Annual Performance review of www.cea.nic.in
fired power plant for the year Thermal power plant (CEA)
2003-04, 2004-05 and 2005-06
3
Calorific value of coal
CEA reports
CEA General review
2004-05, CEA report CO2 database for
power sector, October
2006
4
Calorific value of gas
Revised 2006 IPCC Guidelines
5
Oxidation factors
Revised 2006 IPCC Guidelines
6
Efficiency of gas based power MNES study titled "Baselines for http://mnes.nic.in/basel
plants supplying power to grid
Renewable Energy Projects under inepdfs/chapter2.pdf
Clean Development Mechanism".
Chapter 2,
7
Emission factor of natural gas,
Revised 2006 IPCC Guidelines
Refer Note
8
Emission factor of non-coking CEA report - CO2 database for http://cea.nic.in/planni
coal
power sector, October 2006
ng/c%20and%20e/Gov
ernment%20of%20Ind
ia%20website.htm
page 37
Emission factor of Eastern and CEA report - CO2 database for http://cea.nic.in/planni
Western grids
power sector, October 2006
ng/c%20and%20e/Gov
ernment%20of%20Ind
ia%20website.htm
Note:
The value of emission factors given in 2006 IPCC Guidelines for national green house gas inventories:
Reference Manual and Natcom report is in terms of carbon unit. It is converted in terms of CO2 as
explained below:
Fuel
Emission factor
Emission factor
Natural gas
Non-coking coal
tC/TJ
15.3
26.13
tCO2/TJ
56.1 ( 15.3 x 44/12)
95.8 ( 26.13 x 44/12)
2005-06
180854
132522
48332
73.28
26.72
25.99
Generation details
The power generation of power plants falls under Northern grid region for the past three years is given
below:
Generation
Generation
Generation
Name
Type
Fuel
(2003-04)
(2004-05)
(2005-06)
GWh
GWh
GWh
Anta GPS
Thermal
Gas
2775.92
2595.77
2806.84
Auriya GPS
Thermal
Gas
4247.41
4119.47
4281.67
Badarpur TPS
Thermal
Coal
5428.96
5462.78
5380.54
Bairasiul
Hydro
Hydel
687.79
689.67
790.97
Bhakra Complex
Chamera HPS
Dadri GPS
Dadri NCTPS
Dehar
Dhauliganga
Delhi
Delhi
Faridabad GPS
H.P.
Haryana
Haryana
J&K
J&K
NAPS
Pong
Punjab
Punjab
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
RAPS-A
RAPS-B
Rihand STPS
Salal
Singrauli STPS
SJVNL
Tanakpur HPS
Tanda TPS
U.P.
U.P.
Unchahar-I TPS
Unchahar-II TPS
Uri HPS
Uttaranchal
TOTAL
page 38
Hydro
Hydro
Thermal
Thermal
Hydro
Hydro
Thermal
Thermal
Thermal
Hydro
Thermal
Hydro
Hydro
Thermal
Nuclear
Hydro
Thermal
Hydro
Thermal
Thermal
Hydro
Nuclear
Nuclear
Thermal
Hydro
Thermal
Hydro
Hydro
Thermal
Thermal
Hydro
Thermal
Thermal
Hydro
Hydro
Hydel
Hydel
Gas
Coal
Hydel
Hydel
Coal
Gas
Gas
Hydel
Coal
Hydel
Hydel
Gas
Nuclear
Hydel
Coal
Hydel
Coal
Gas
Hydel
Nuclear
Nuclear
Coal
Hydel
Coal
Hydel
Hydel
Coal
Coal
Hydel
Coal
Coal
Hydel
Hydel
6956.9
2648.32
5058.66
6181.12
3299.29
1164.11
5159.77
2792.58
3666.39
6849.26
251.73
851.03
15.41
2959.44
1178.93
14118.96
4420.43
15044.48
201.37
494.07
1293.37
2904.68
7949.26
3477.42
15643.4
1537.92
510.99
2872.81
20638.05
2063.04
3252.14
3187.93
2873.54
3452.96
168109.8
4546.01
3452.25
5527.71
6842.52
3150.52
5203.8
4091.37
3172.01
3666.39
7192.41
251.73
851.03
23.51
2760.01
882.57
14390.42
4420.43
17330.79
360.7
494.07
1355.2
2954.43
7988.06
3443.29
15803.34
1617.45
495.17
3254.67
19788.21
2063.04
3342.83
3438.28
2206.71
3452.96
172681.6
6838.78
3833.66
5399.34
6768.09
3122.68
312.46
1559.10
4046.11
2954.64
2870.48
8352.58
258.30
1133.41
28.31
2138.45
1730.70
14848.73
4999.36
19903.79
432.58
921.33
1267.50
2815.73
10554.73
3480.87
15502.80
3867.12
483.26
3329.89
19326.44
1244.92
3544.89
3501.21
2724.81
3496.87
180853.9
page 39
2004-05
2005-06
102704.29
106451.00
112572.8
20251.12
19890.00
19949.49
282.02
1602.84
2153.23
2334.76
3600.58
4112.67
Fuel 1 : Coal
Avg. Calorific Value of Coal used (kcal/kg)
Coal consumption (tons/yr)
Emission Factor for Coal (tonne CO2/TJ)
Oxidation Factor of Coal-IPCC standard value
COEF of Coal (tonneCO2/ton of coal)
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
3820
3820
3624
70,397,000
73,279,000
73,279,000
95.8
95.8
95.8
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.532
1.532
1.454
45
45
45
11,464
11,464
11,464
3375955
3315755
3325672.3
56.1
1.0
56.1
1.0
56.1
1.0
2.693
2.693
2.693
880
890
890
1050
1040
1040
952.98
960.85
916.99
Fuel 2 : Gas
Avg. Efficiency of power generation with gas as a fuel, %
Avg. Calorific Value of Gas used (kcal/kg)
Estimated Gas consumption (tons/yr)
Emission Factor for Gas- IPCC standard value(tonne CO2/TJ)
Oxidation Factor of Gas-IPCC standard value
COEF of Gas(tonneCO2/ton of gas)
EF (WREB), tCO2/GWh
EF (EREB), tCO2/GWh
EF (OM Simple), tCO2/GWh
Average EF (OM Simple), tCO2/GWh
943.60
page 40
power generation is about 37,608.63 GWh is considered for the calculation of Build margin. The list is
tabulated below:
S.
Plant
Date of
MW
Generation of the Fuel Type
No.
commissioning
unit in 2005-2006
(GWh)
1
Dhauliganga unit-I
2005-2006
70
78.61
Hydro
2
Dhauliganga unit-II
2005-2006
70
78.61
Hydro
3
Dhauliganga unit-III
2005-2006
70
78.61
Hydro
4
Dhauliganga unit-IV
2005-2006
70
78.61
Hydro
5
Rihand Stage - II unit I
2004-2005
500
2593.70
Coal
6
Panipat # 7
2004-2005
250
921.46
Coal
7
Panipat # 8
2004-2005
250
1613.95
Coal
8
Chamera HEP-II (Unit 1)
2003-2004
100
567.67
Hydro
9
Chamera HEP-II (Unit 2)
2003-2004
100
567.67
Hydro
10
Chamera HEP-II (Unit 3)
2002-2003
100
567.67
Hydro
11
SJVPNL
2003-2004
1500
4104.25
Hydro
12
Baspa-II (Unit 3)
2003-2004
100
389.87
Hydro
13
Suratgarh-III (Unit-5)
2003-2004
250
2033.40
Coal
14
Kota TPS-IV (Unit-6)
2003-2004
195
1695.70
Coal
15
Baspa-II (Unit 1 & 2)
2002-2003
200
779.74
Hydro
16
Pragati CCGT (Unit II)
2002-2003
104.6 728.29
Gas
17
Pragati CCGT (Unit III)
2002-2003
121.2 843.86
Gas
18
Ramgarh CCGT Stage -II (GT-2)
2002-2003
37.5
146.80
Gas
19
Ramgarh CCGT Stage -II (GT-2)
2002-2003
37.8
147.97
Gas
20
Upper Sindh Extn (HPS)(1)
2001-2002
35
68.52
Hydro
21
Suratgarh stage-II (3 & 4)
2001-2002
500
3844.81
Coal
22
Upper Sindh Stage II (2)
2001-2002
35
68.52
Hydro
23
Malana-1 & 2
2001-2002
86
337.79
Hydro
24
Panipat TPS Stage 4 (Unit-6)
2000-2001
210
1688.29
Coal
25
Chenani Stage III (1,2,3)
2000-2001
7.5
3.88
Hydro
26
Ghanvi HPS (2)
2000-2001
22.5
69.71
Hydro
27
RAPP (Unit-4)
2000-2001
220
1432.17
Nuclear
28
Ranjit Sagar (Unit-1,2,3,4)
2000-2001
600
2012.84
Hydro
29
Gumma HPS
2000-2001
3
6.59
Hydro
30
Faridabad CCGT(Unit 1) (NTPC)
2000-2001
144
986.70
Gas
31
Suratgarh TPS 2
1999-2000
250
2112.17
Coal
32
RAPS-B (2)
1999-2000
220
1432.17
Nuclear
33
Uppersindh-2 HPS #1
1999-2000
35
68.52
Hydro
34
Faridabad GPS 1 & 2 (NTPC)
1999-2000
286
1959.71
Gas
35
Unchahar-II TPS #2
1999-2000
210
1732.60
Coal
36
Unchahar-II TPS #1
1998-1999
210
1767.20
Coal
page 41
20003.28
4813.33
9927.69
2864.33
37608.63
3624
12952313
95.8
1.0
1.454
45
11464
802405
56.1
1.0
2.693
EF (BM), tCO2/GWh
558.13
kW
3000
87
Auxiliary consumption
15
kW
2218.5
350
24
8400
GWh/year
21.92
GWh/year
18.635