11 The natural world

Lead in VR p117
1 Match problems 14 with photos AD.

1 People dump rubbish into the seas, rivers and

oceans.
2 Litter can be dangerous for wildlife.
3 Traffic causes air pollution and increases
global warming.
4 People cut down trees in the rainforests and
destroy the natural habitat of animals.
2 Match words in bold in exercise 1 with ad.
a the natural home of a plant or an animal
b pieces of paper, rubbish, etc. that are left in a
public place
c to get rid of something that you do not want,
especially in a place which is not suitable
d the increase in the temperature of the
earths atmosphere, caused by the increase
of certain gases
3 Give definitions for the remaining words in bold
from exercise 1. Check your ideas in a dictionary.

Reading Part 4
1 Read the article on page 85 about an environmental
story. What do these dates and numbers refer to?
1992 29,000 10,000 3,000
2 Read the text again and answer questions 14.
1 What is the main purpose of the text?
A to discuss the problem of rubbish in our seas
B to talk about how some plastic ducks have
helped scientists
C to suggest how ships can avoid losing what
they are carrying
D to explain the way water moves in the ocean
2




84

What does the writer say about Dr Ebbesmeyer?

A He is interested in ocean currents.
B He is very worried about the environment.
C He is angry with the shipping company that
lost the ducks.
D He has travelled to most parts of the world.

3 What does the writer say about the ducks still

at sea?
A There are very few left.
B They are all heading in the same direction.
C They are in very bad condition.
D They are no longer useful.
4 Which of these is the best headline for a
newspaper article about the story?
A Plastic Ducks Cause Wildlife Disaster
B Plastic Bath Toys Change Pollution Laws
C Ducks Give Important Information About
Global Warming
D Lost Toys Found At Last

Unit11

PET Res SB SP.indb 84

13/11/09 10:00:17

Pl
cks Lost
u

astic D
at Sea

05

10

15

20

25

30

Grammar

Zero and first

conditional GR p122

In 1992, a ship travelling from China to

the US was hit by a storm in the middle
of the Pacific Ocean. Its cargo of
containers was washed overboard and
at least one of them split open. The
container held around 29,000 yellow
plastic ducks as well as plastic frogs and
turtles. The toys floated out into the water and have
been travelling across the oceans ever since.

1 Make complete sentences by

matching af with 16.
a If we dont protect endangered
animals,
b If global warming continues,
c You save water
d There wont be enough oxygen
e If we eat more organic food,
f If it doesnt rain for a long time,

It isnt unusual for things from ships to get lost in the sea. Every
year, as many as 10,000 containers fall into the ocean, spilling out
everything from sports shoes to plastic bricks. These objects have
already done harm to both our seas and our wildlife, and if the
accidents dont stop, the situation will get worse. However, in the case
of the floating ducks, something positive has happened.

1 ice in the Arctic will melt.

2 if you take shorter showers.
3 some of them will become
extinct.
4 theres sometimes a drought.
5 well probably be healthier.
6 unless we protect the rainforests.

Scientists know that the direction in which water moves in our seas
and oceans affects our climate. Dr Ebbesmeyer, a scientist in the US,
realised that observing the ducks as they float around the world can
help us understand how ocean currents work. In order to collect
information, he began to track the ducks progress; predicting where
they would go, and listening to reports of where they were found.

2 Look at the sentences in exercise 1.

a Which are zero conditionals and
which are first conditionals?
b Do you agree with the first
conditional sentences?

It seems that after travelling together for some time, the ducks went
in different directions. Many of them floated south to the shores of
Indonesia, Australia and South America. Meanwhile, the rest headed
north into the Arctic Ocean, becoming trapped in ice until the winds
and the movement of the water sent them over 3,000 kms to the
North Pole.

3 Complete ae using the first

conditional and your own ideas.
a If they cut down trees in the
rainforests, ...
b Global warming will get worse
if ...
c If we leave litter on beaches, ...
d Air pollution will increase if ...
e Youll save electricity if you ...

Today, although many ducks have been found washed up on different

shores around the world, thousands of the ducks are still floating. So,
if you see a plastic toy, bleached and worn after so much travelling,
with the words First Years printed on it, and you report your find, you
will help towards our understanding of the worlds climate.

tip

Make sure the whole answer you

choose is correct, not just part of it.

Unit11

PET Res SB SP.indb 85

85

13/11/09 10:00:19

Vocabulary
 ead the two extracts below from newspaper stories
R
and complete gaps 18 with these prepositions.
about on in for of from

Grammar

Second conditional GR p122

1 Complete af to make second conditional
sentences.
a If I . (have) enough money, Id be a
space tourist.
b If I went on safari, I . (love) it!
c If I . (be) you, I wouldnt worry!
d I . (buy) my own yacht if they were
cheap enough.
e If something large from space .
(hit) the earth, it could damage it.
f If I had the chance to travel to the moon, I
. (be) very excited.

Over the years, destruction to the Great Barrier

Reef has been blamed (1).. tourists
and divers who took pieces of coral as souvenirs and
damaged the coral by standing on it. Today, many
conservationists are involved (2). trying
to stop further destruction. One of their measures
is that they insist (3). keeping tourists
away from many parts of the reef in order to protect it
(4). further damage.

2 Use your own ideas to complete these second

conditional sentences.
a
b
c
d

If
If
If
If

I
I
I
I

won the lottery, ...

saw a ghost, ...
failed my English exam, ...
was very tall, ...

3 Read the how to do it box, then for 15 complete

the second sentence so that it means the same as
the first. Write no more than three words.

how to do it
Read the first sentence and think of a way of saying the
same thing.
Look carefully at the words before and after the gap.
Make sure the tense and form of any verbs are correct.
Check that your answer has exactly the same meaning as
the first sentence.

A dedicated teams of conservationists who believe

(5). changing the world and looking
after our environment have had a success story. In
1997, the total number of rhinos in the wild consisted
(6). 8,000 white rhinos and 2,500 black
rhinos. Today there are more than 14,000 white rhinos
and nearly 4,000 black rhinos. Now conservationists
are hoping (7). similar successes with
other endangered animals. If you want to learn
(8). these projects, take a look at the
WWF website. Its a great place to start.

86

1 If we want to save the environment, we need to

stop using so much energy.
We wont save the environment .
we stop using so much energy.
2 You should take care of your health.
If I were you, . care of my health.
3 If you dont study hard, you wont succeed.
You wont succeed unless . hard.
4 Ice cream doesnt freeze unless you put it in the
freezer.
If you . ice cream in the freezer, it
doesnt freeze.
5 Im really worried about global warming,
because I live by the sea.
If I didnt live by the sea, I . so
worried about global warming.

Unit11

PET Res SB SP.indb 86

13/11/09 10:00:21

Listening Part 2
1 What kind of litter do you think there is in space? Where do you think it
comes from?
2

21 Listen to an interview with journalist Adam Green. Which two of

these statements are true?
a Adams has always had an interest in space.
b The amount of space litter is increasing.
c Space litter never falls to earth.

3
1

21 Listen again and for 16 choose A, B or C.

Adam first became interested in space when
A he was asked to write about Edward White.
B he discovered an interesting story.
C he spoke to an astronaut.

Adam did his research by

A interviewing people.
B investigating on the Internet.
C reading about the subject.

3 What surprised Adam about the rubbish in

space?
A Some of it comes off spacecraft.
B There is so much ordinary rubbish.
C Astronauts drop most of it.
4 Rubbish causes so much damage in
space because
A its often very large.
B it travels very quickly.
C its usually made of strong material.
5 What does Adam say about the number of
accidents in space?
A There are more than he expected.
B The amount is growing.
C There havent been many yet.
6

What happened to spacestation Skylab as it fell to earth?

A The whole thing fell into the sea.
B It broke into two pieces.
C Parts of it landed in different places.

Unit11

PET Res SB SP.indb 87

87

13/11/09 10:00:22

Vocabulary
1 Complete the phrasal verbs in ag with these verbs. Youll need to use one of them
twice. Check your answers in a dictionary.
pick run turn give cut fill
Why is it good to . off the tap when you brush your teeth?
Is it bad to . on the TV just because youre bored?
Do you think it matters if we . down trees in the rainforest?
If you see litter, do you . it up? Why / Why not?
Do you think well ever . out of resources like oil and gas?
Should people . up their cars with petrol less often?
Why / Why not?
g Would you ever . up eating meat? Why / Why not?

a
b
c
d
e
f

2 Ask and answer the questions in exercise 1.

Speaking Parts 3 and 4

1 Work in pairs. Each choose one of the photos below and make notes. Use these
prompts to help you.
Who?
Where?
When?

What?
Why?

2 Take it in turns to describe your photo to your partner.

88

Unit11

PET Res SB SP.indb 88

13/11/09 10:00:25

3 The photos on page 88 show ways

that ordinary people can help
look after the environment. Read
questions ad then match two of
them with answers 1 and 2 below.
a Is it important to look after the
environment? Why / Why not?
b Should we give up using cars?
Why / Why not?
c Does it matter if people drop
litter? Why / Why not?
d How can we create less waste?
1 In my view, leaving rubbish in
public places looks horrible, and
can be dangerous for wildlife.
If people do it they should get a
fine. Then they should be told
to go and pick up rubbish in the
park or from the beach.
2 In my opinion, people should
definitely use public transport
more often and they should
walk more. Walking is far better
for your health. But I dont think
you can tell them to stop driving
altogether. Driving is too much a
part of daily life.

Writing Part 3
1 Read the task and Elenas answer below, ignoring any mistakes.
What environmental issue does Elena write about? What does she
do to help?
This is part of a letter you receive from an English friend.
Were doing a project on the environment at school. What are the
environmental problems in your country? Have you ever done
anything to help? What?
Now write a letter answering your friends questions.
Write about 100 words.

Dear maria,
Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear from you.
You wantid to know about some of the environmental problems in my
country. In my opininon, the worst thing is air pollution. There is too many
cars in our citys. If people use their cars less, it wouldnt be so bad.

4 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask

and answer questions ad in
exercise 3. Use these expressions.
Giving your opinion
In my view / opinion
I (dont) think / believe
As far as Im concerned
Asking your partners opinion
What do you think (about that)?
How about you?
Whats your opinion / view?

Last month, I buy a bike and now I cycle to school every day. This is much
better for the environment and it keeps me healthy two?
Write soon!
Elena

2 Find nine mistakes in Elenas answer. Look for mistakes with

grammar, spelling and punctuation.
3 Write your own answer to the task in exercise 1.

tip

If youre not sure what to write, use your imagination.

Unit11

18 PET Res SB P84_89 U11 SP.indd 89

89

12/10/10 10:25:50

12 Food and celebrations

Fats, oils and sweets

Protein

Dairy

Fruit

Vegetables

Lead in VR p117

Vocabulary VR p117

 nswer questions ad about the

A
food pyramid above.

1 Complete af with these words in their singular or plural form.

a Name the foods shown. Add

at least three more to each
section.
b Which groups of food do you
like best / least on the food
pyramid?
c Which groups of food do
you need to eat most / least
of according to the food
pyramid?
d Do you think you have a
balanced diet? How do you
think you could improve
your diet?

90

Carbohydrates

cup packet slice bar spoonful glass bowl

a
b
c
d
e
f

How many . of sugar do you have in your tea or coffee?

How often do you have a . of cereal in the morning?
How many . of bread do you eat every day?
Do you ever have a . of coffee in the afternoon?
How many . of water do you drink a day?
Would you rather have a . of crisps or a .
of chocolate?

2 Make more phrases with the words in exercise 1.

Examples a cup of tea
a slice of cake
3 Ask and answer the questions in exercise 1 and add more of your own.

Unit12

PET Res SB SP.indb 90

13/11/09 10:00:30

Grammar

Reading Part 1
1 Read texts 14 below and find ac.
a one notice on the wall of a cafe or a restaurant
b one email
c two labels on packets of food
2 Read the texts again. Decide what they say and
choose the correct answer A, B or C.
1

Eat within three days of opening

A You can eat this food up to three days after

opening the packet.
B This packet contains enough food to feed three
people.
C Unopened packets of this product must be
thrown away within three days.

Do not refrigerate.

A This product must be stored somewhere cool

immediately.
B This product can last for three months after
youve opened it.
C This product needs to be kept in a refrigerator at
all times.
3

Free soft drink with every pizza ordered.

A You can have a free pizza with every order.
B You dont pay for any drinks when you order a
pizza.
C You get something free when you order a pizza.
X

4
To:

Alberto

From: Lucia

Can you get something for tonights meal?

Marcos coming round and he doesnt eat
meat, but he loves seafood. I could cook
something with pasta.

1 Read ad and underline the words and phrases

used to make comparisons.
a Is Moroccan food cooked more slowly than
other foods?
b I can cook a bit, but Luis cooks much better
than me.
c Indian food isnt cooked as quickly as Chinese
food.
d The children all eat a lot but Sarah eats the
most noisily!
2 Complete ad with these phrases, and the correct
form of the words in brackets.
as ... as more ... than less ... than the most

After opening, keep in a cool, dry

 place and use within three months.

Comparative and superlative

adverbs GR p126

a I work . (hard) my friends. In fact, I

probably work even more than them.
b Im happy to say that I speak English
. (fluent) I did last year.
c Jake drives . (fast) he used to. In
fact he drives quite slowly now.
d Tom talks . (loud) in our class.
3 Complete the second sentence so that it means the
same as the first. Write no more than three words.
a My brother is the best cook in our family.
My brother cooks . anybody in our
family.
b I dont speak Italian as well as my sister.
My sister speaks Italian . than me.
c Megan sings more beautifully than anybody.
Nobody sings . Megan.
d Most people dont drive as carefully as my
parents.
My parents drive . than most people.
e I train harder than everyone in the team.
Everyone in my team . than me.

Lucia wants Alberto to

A cook tonights meal.
B buy some seafood.
C eat at Marcos house.

Unit12

PET Res SB SP.indb 91

91

13/11/09 10:00:32