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DEPARTMENT:
Engineering / Piping
SHEET
OF 21
REV: C3
STANDARD TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
FOR
MECHANICAL
PIPING AND FITTINGS
This Standard Technical Specification is subject to change without prior notice. The
most current issue will at all times be located on the Nordural web site,
www.nordural.is.
REV
BY
DATE
CHKD
APPROVED
C1
FH
20.09.1999
GP/SbG
C2
BK
19.02.2003
TMS
TMS
C2
C3
EFB/GG/G
07.06.2004
EFB
First issue
NORURL ENGINEERING
00-80-30-TS001
REVISIONS
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NORDIC ALUMINUM
CONTENTS
1
1.1
SCOPE ....................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................... 4
1.3
GENERAL SPECIFICATION...................................................................................................... 5
1.4
1.5
FABRICATION ........................................................................................................................... 7
1.6
1.7
FIELD BENDS............................................................................................................................ 8
1.8
1.9
PLUGGING................................................................................................................................. 8
2.1
SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................... 11
2.2
GENERAL ................................................................................................................................ 11
2.3
2.4
2.5
ALIGNMENT............................................................................................................................. 11
2.6
2.7
DEFECTS................................................................................................................................. 12
2.8
3.1
PIPES ....................................................................................................................................... 13
3.2
VALVES.................................................................................................................................... 14
3.3
FLANGES................................................................................................................................. 15
3.4
3.5
GASKETS................................................................................................................................. 15
3.6
3.7
4.1
TESTING .................................................................................................................................. 16
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4.2
FLUSHING / CLEANING.......................................................................................................... 16
4.3
5.1
GENERAL ................................................................................................................................ 17
5.2
SCOPE OF WORK................................................................................................................... 17
5.3
5.4
PIPING INSULATION............................................................................................................... 17
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
HEAT TRACING....................................................................................................................... 19
6.1
SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................... 20
6.2
PRIMING .................................................................................................................................. 20
6.3
6.4
HANDLING ............................................................................................................................... 20
6.5
TESTING .................................................................................................................................. 20
6.6
REPAIRS.................................................................................................................................. 20
6.7
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1.1
SCOPE
1.1.1
The following specifications give the minimum requirements and standards for
material and workmanship, method of working, testing and identification for
mechanical piping and fittings.
................In this Document the following words and expressions shall have the meaning
hereby assigned to them except where the context otherwise requires:
................Engineer: The Owner or any person or organisation employed or engaged at any
time by the Owner and authorised by the Owner, in writing, from time to time to act
on behalf of the Owner in the execution of the items covered by this Document, in
whole or in any part, for any or all purposes provided in this Technical
Specification.
................Owner:
Norurl hf (Nordic Aluminum Corporation Ltd.), an independent legal
entity owned by Century Aluminum.
1.2
REFERENCES
1.2.1
EN 287
EN 288
EN ISO 5817
EN ISO 9692-1
EN 1011-1
EN 1011-2
EN 1011-3
EN 729-3
ISO 7-1
ISO 898-1
ISO 898-2
EN 10216-1
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DIN 2441
DIN 2528
DIN 2605-2
DIN 2609
DIN 2615-2
Steel butt-welding pipe fittings; Tees for use at full service pressure
DIN 2616-2
EN 1092-1
Flanges and their joints - Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings
and accessories, PN designated - Part 1: Steel flanges
EN 10241
DIN 2999
EN 10025
EN 10204
ANSI B16.5
ANSI B16.9
ANSI B16.11
ASTM A105
ASTM A181
ASTM A234
API 5L
BS 6351
1.3
GENERAL SPECIFICATION
1.3.1
1.3.2
The bottom of all lines where supported are not to be less than 150 mm above
grade.
1.3.3
Trench piping shall have the bottom of the pipe at least 250 mm above the floor of
the trench. Flange clearance 150 mm below trench cover and 75 mm from trench
wall.
1.3.4
5,5 m
Around compressors
1,2 m
3,0 m
3,0 m
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1.3.5
Maintenance access: All valves, relief valves, control valves and instruments shall
be located, where possible, so that they can be operated and serviced from grade.
If this is not possible, alternative valve operating devices shall be employed in
accordance with the approval of the Engineer.
1.3.6
1.3.7
Gas and air piping shall be designed for good line drainage. Drain valves and
traps shall be situated at low points for condensate removal. Branch connections
are to be taken from top of headers with the branch block valve in horizontal run at
the high point. On compressed air piping, the branch block valve can be on the
vertical run at a lower point.
1.3.8
1.3.9
1.3.10
Vents and drains: All piping for fluid media (non gas) must have 15 mm (")
ND minimum high point vent. All piping must have 25 mm (1") ND minimum
low point drain. Such connections are to be fitted with valves and plugs.
1.3.11
1.3.12
(1")
ND
45 mm
(1")
ND
65 mm
(2")
ND
90 mm
(3")
ND
115 mm
(4")
ND
125 mm
(5")
ND
1.3.13
At all times when air, water or gas are essential to the process requirements, the
design shall allow for ring main circuits or by-pass circuits to provide supply in
case of emergency or maintenance.
1.4
1.4.1
All pipes shall be free from burrs, scale, rust, dirt or harmful substances.
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
1.4.5
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1.4.6
1.4.7
All vertical pipes shall be plumb and all lines in the same direction shall be parallel
to each other.
1.4.8
During installation of all piping services, great care shall be taken to prevent any
foreign matter entering the pipes. All open ends shall be temporarily capped or
plugged with the appropriate pipefittings until the installation is completed.
Wooden plugs and the like shall not be used.
1.4.9
Transverse cuts in pipes shall be made with hacksaw or pipe cutting tool and all
cuts shall be square with the axis of the pipe. The use of hand oxy-acetylene
cutters on pipe will not be allowed. The ends of pipe when cut shall be well
reamed to give an unrestricted bore.
1.4.10
Upon completion welded joints shall be thoroughly cleaned with a stiff wire brush.
Screwed joints shall have all ends of jointing tape removed. Workmanship
throughout shall be of a high standard, and no caulking will be permitted.
1.4.11
Adequate space must be left between pipes in racks to give the necessary
clearance for flanges and the fitting of insulation.
1.4.12
Pipe supports are to be spaced such that the pipes do not sag when full of water
(usually used for hydraulic test). The following table lists maximum intervals
between pipe supports for compressed air piping.
PIPE SIZE (ND)
INTERVAL FOR
VERTICAL RUNS
(m)
(m)
25
2,7
1,75
40
3,0
2,5
50
3,0
2,75
100
5,0
5,0
150
6,5
6,5
200
8,0
8,0
250
9,0
9,0
(mm)
1.5
FABRICATION
1.5.1
Qualified craftsmen must perform all welding. All welders and welding procedures
shall be currently qualified in accordance with specified standards.
1.6
1.6.1
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DESCRIPTION
TOLERANCES
Dimensions less
than 3 metres
Dimensions greater
than 3 metres
1,5 mm
3 mm
1,5 mm
3 mm
1,5 mm
3 mm
1,5 mm
3 mm
1.6.2
Branches and flanges shall be square with run of pipe. Flange faces shall be
square within 0,2 mm per 100 mm of flange diameter taken across the entire face.
1.6.3
Fabrication: Weld sizes, preparation, weld details and filler materials shall be in
accordance with specified welding standards.
1.7
FIELD BENDS
1.7.1
1.8
1.8.1
All pipes, valves and fittings shall be as far as possible thoroughly cleaned of rust
and other foreign matter before erection and pipe lines shall be flushed through
before being put into service.
1.9
PLUGGING
1.9.1
1.10
TESTING
1.10.1
Hydraulic tests, and performance tests on the Site under actual conditions on the
whole plant shall be carried out. As an alternative, hydraulic testing may be carried
out in shop on every fabricated pipe section. These sections then only need to be
leak tested with normal pressured compressed air after assembly.
1.10.2
1.10.4
Satisfactory and acceptable hydraulic test means that appropriate pressures shall
be maintained for the period stated, after any defect has been repaired.
1.10.5
Certificates on any hydraulic test made at manufacturer's works and at the Site
shall be submitted.
1.10.6
All test certificates shall be signed and witnessed. All test certificates shall have
the following particulars thereon:
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1.11
BALANCING
1.11.1
Provision shall be made for carrying out all the required inspections, testing and
balancing of the systems to ensure that the system is handed over in good
working order and properly regulated.
1.11.2
In addition, a visit shall be made to the site two months before the end of the
maintenance period to check and, if necessary, re-adjust the balancing of the
systems.
1.12
IDENTIFICATION
1.12.1
All piped services shall be permanently identified by means of painted bands and
letters. Where the pipe diameter is not sufficient to allow the printing to be fully
visible, tags are to be used. The colour chosen for each pipeline shall be in
accordance with Standard Technical Specification for Surface treatment and
painting, 00/03/TS001, appendix 1.
1.12.2
Identification bands shall be applied adjacent to all valves, at intervals of not more
than 15 m along all pipe runs and on both sides of each wall or partition.
1.13
1.13.1
1.13.2
The nameplate of vessels which have been hydraulically tested shall state the test
pressure and the date of test.
1.13.3
In addition, each instrument or item of the switchgear shall be fitted with a similar
engraved metal label, secured by four brass set screws for which they shall be
drilled and tapped.
1.13.4
All valves in plant rooms shall have a label securely attached to the valve handle
or stem.
1.13.5
The label shall be rectangular in shape and of the size listed below. The label shall
be manufactured from 3 mm thick Laminated Plastic Traffolite or similar being
black-white- black in construction with the identification symbol engraved through
the black exposing the white inner skin.
1.13.6
The numbers on the valve labels shall refer to those on the record As fitted
drawings and the valve charts.
VALVE SIZE
LABEL SIZE
LETTERING
15 mm (1/2") to 50 mm (2")
35 mm (1 3/8") x 70 mm (2 3/4")
5 mm (3/16")
10 mm (3/8")
13 mm (1/2")
1.14
DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT
1.14.1
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1.15
SCREWED PIPEWORK
1.15.1
1.15.2
No screwed joints may be disclosed in the building structure and no pipe shall be
built into concrete or brickwork.
1.16
FITTINGS
1.16.1
1.16.2
Bushes are not to be used in tee branches and, where the sizes concerned are not
standard, the reduction in size is to be made by means of a nipple and reducing
socket.
1.16.3
1.17
FLANGED JOINTS
1.17.1
Flanges shall be provided at all connections to plant and where necessary for
ease of maintenance.
1.17.2
For slip-on flanges whether welded by metal arc or oxy-acetylene methods, the
tube end shall be cut square and left back from the front face of the flange equal to
the wall thickness of the pipe plus 2 mm. The flanges shall be welded both at the
back and front and all surplus weld metal dressed off with a file, flush with the face
of the flange.
1.17.3
1.17.4
Prefabricated blank (blind) flanges may be used, with a thickness not less than the
flange which it is to meet. Blank flanges shall be cut to a true circle with smooth
edges. Thickness shall be calculated for the duty.
1.17.5
Flanges shall be smooth machined from the full width across the face of the
flanges and on the edge but may be rough turned on the back. The two flanges
forming a joint shall be flush with each other when in position and all boltholes
shall be in correct alignment with those on the mating flanges.
1.17.6
Flanges shall be bolted up using hexagon headed ISO metric steel bolts and nuts.
One washer is to be fitted under each nut.
1.18
ERECTION
1.18.1
1.19
1.19.1
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2.1
SCOPE
2.1.1
2.2
GENERAL
2.2.1
All welding shall be performed in accordance with the relevant parts of EN 1011.
The contractor shall meet the requirement in EN 729-3, Standard quality
requirements
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
Portable ovens shall be used to keep the electrodes dry. Electrodes with damaged
coating shall not be used.
2.4
2.4.1
2.5
ALIGNMENT
2.5.1
The ends of tube-to-tube, tube to fittings and tube to valves shall be aligned as
accurately as is practical within the existing commercial tolerances on tube
diameter, tube wall thickness and out-of-roundness. Alignment shall provide the
most favourable conditions for depositing the root bead. This alignment shall be
preserved during welding. In cases where ends of unequal internal diameter are
abutted and the internal mis-alignment exceeds 1,5 mm the tube wall shall be
lightly warmed and hammered by bronze headed hammers to bring the alignment
within 1,5 mm tolerance. Where there is unequal wall thickness exceeding 1,5 mm
the thicker section shall be internally trimmed to match bore to within 1,5 mm. For
fillet welding of shoes, brackets and supports, the members being joined shall fit
snugly. Where this is not possible owing to faulty material, preparation or fit-up, a
gap of no more than 3 mm is allowed, the limit of 3 mm is mandatory.
2.6
2.6.1
All welds shall be visually examined externally and internally, where possible, for
faults and irregularities and 10% of butt welds shall be radiographed. The weld
quality shall meet EN ISO 5817, Class C.
2.6.2
Butt weld reinforcement shall be uniform and not less than 1,5 mm nor more than
3 mm in height. Reinforcement shall merge smoothly into the tube or member
surface without undercut. All fillet welds as deposited on shoes, brackets and
supports shall be flat (mitre profile) or convex. The use of concave fillet welds shall
be avoided.
2.6.3
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size of the weld. In particular this provision applies to fillet welds joining brackets
and similar connections that are not welded all round.
2.6.4
Care shall be taken to ensure that excessively large fillet welds which increase
internal stresses, are avoided.
2.7
DEFECTS
2.7.1
All cracks, non-fusion, lack of root penetration and excessive burn through area,
excessive slag and porosity, non-metallic voids and discontinuities shall be
removed by chipping, grinding, cutting with abrasive discs and/or oxy-acetylene
gouging when the defects exceed the standards of acceptability as required by EN
ISO 5817, Class C.
2.8
2.8.1
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3.1
PIPES
3.1.1
Pipes are seamless steel pipes according to EN, DIN or API standards. Pipe sizes
15 ND through 40 ND are seamless, black or galvanized heavy wall carbon steel
pipes, suitable for screwing. Pipe sizes 50 ND through 250 ND are black, heavy
wall seamless or welded carbon steel pipes, suitable for welding.
3.1.2
Minimum pipe wall thickness and type for various pipe sizes and connection of
fittings are according to API, DIN 2441 and the table shown below. The table lists
pipe wall thickness for compressed air and potable water pipes:
Pipe size
(mm) ()
Wall thickness
DIN (mm)
Wall thickness
API (mm)
Type
Connection
15
(")
3,25
Seamless
Screwed
20
(")
3,25
Seamless
Screwed
25
(1)
4,05
Seamless
Screwed
40
(1)
4,05
Seamless
Screwed
50
(2)
3,6
Seamless/welded
Welded
80
(3")
4,5
Seamless/welded
Welded
100
(4")
5,0
Seamless/welded
Welded
150
(6")
5,6
Seamless/welded
Welded
200
(8")
8,0
Seamless/welded
Welded
250
(10)
8,0
Seamless/welded
Welded
Pipes for diesel fuel and fuel gas are the same as listed above except for 200 and
250 ND:
3.1.3
200
(8)
6,3
Seamless/welded
Welded
250
(10)
6,3
Seamless/welded
Welded
API 5L Grade B
3.1.4
EN 10216
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All piping and fittings material used shall have inspection certificate to EN 10204.
3.1.5
3.1.6
Pipes for potable water and compressed air shall be hot dip galvanized. Pipes for
diesel fuel and fuel gas shall be black.
3.1.7
Specifications for HT (High Temperature) medium piping and valves etc. are to be
agreed with the HTM supplier before finalising. The Engineer is to be advised of
the final specification agreed.
3.1.8
3.2
VALVES
3.2.1
Valve types have been selected to ensure that the total number of different types
used on the project is kept to a minimum. The table below gives the minimum
pressure rating for valves used for Engineering Services:
VALVE SIZE
PRESSURE RATING
CONNECTION
15 mm (") to 40 mm (1)
40 bar
Screwed
16 bar
Flanged
3.2.2
Where applicable, valves shall be packed with Crane packing style 1066 or agreed
equivalent, unless this material is not suited for the duty.
3.2.3
PRESSURE RATING
TYPE
CONNECTION
15 to 40
40 bar
Ball valve
Screwed
50 to 250
16 bar
Gate valve
Flanged
Ball valves shall be screwed, forged carbon steel body, stainless steel (316) ball
and trim, glass reinforced PTFE seats.
Gate valves shall be flanged, forged carbon steel body, trim 13% Cr, rising stem,
hand wheel operated.
3.2.4
PRESSURE RATING
TYPE
CONNECTION
15 to 40
40 bar
Ball valve
Screwed
50 to 200
16 bar
Gate valve
Flanged
Ball valves shall be screwed, carbon steel body, stainless steel (316) ball and trim,
glass reinforced PTFE seats.
Gate valves shall be flanged, forged carbon steel body, trim 13% Cr, rising stem,
wrench operated 50 to 150 ND and 200 ND gear operated.
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3.2.5
PRESSURE
RATING
TYPE
OPERATION
CONNECTION
15 to 40
40 bar
Ball valve
Wrench
Screwed
50 to 150
16 bar
Ball valve
Wrench
Flanged
200 to 250
16 bar
Ball valve
Gear
Flanged
All valves for Diesel Fuel and Fuel Gas shall be ball valves, firesafe and antistatic
with cast steel body, stainless steel ball and trim, viton O ring and spring loaded
nylon seats.
3.3
FLANGES
3.3.1
3.4
3.4.1
Bolts are carbon steel bolts to ISO 898-1 class 8.8 with nuts to ISO 898-2 class 8.
3.5
GASKETS
3.5.1
Gaskets shall be ring, inside bolt circle, compresses asbestos free fibre 1,5 mm
thick. They shall be according to approved standards. Electrical insulation gaskets
shall be subject to Engineers acceptance.
3.5.2
Where directed, electrical insulating gasket sets, Maloney type E (or equivalent)
shall be used comprising of:
One central full faced, neoprene faced phenolic gasket.
One phenolic insulating sleeve per bolt.
Two laminated phenolic washers per bolt.
Two plated steel washers per bolt.
3.6
3.6.1
Bends, branches and reducers, 50 mm and larger for welding: Material P 195 TR1
to EN 10216-1 (see DIN 2609, Butt welded fittings, technical delivery conditions)
and dimensions to DIN 2605-1 (wall thickness ("Wanddicke Reihe"): class 4,
construction: type ("Bauart") 3), DIN 2615-1 (wall thickness: class 4), DIN 2616-1
and 2 (wall thickness: class 4). In general, wall thickness shall suit pipe wall
thickness as far as possible.
3.7
3.7.1
All threaded steel fittings shall be according to EN 10241, Threaded steel pipe
fittings. Cast iron or malleable fittings is not allowed for the Engineering Services.
Threads shall be according to DIN 2999, parallel.
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4.1
TESTING
4.1.1
4.1.2
Gauges for hydrostatic testing shall be tested for accuracy. Test gauges shall be
installed as close as possible to the lowest point in the system being tested.
4.1.3
All vents and other connections which can serve as vents shall be open during
filling so that all air shall be vented prior to applying test pressure. All restrictions,
which interfere with filling, venting or draining, such as orifice plates shall not be
installed until testing is complete.
4.1.4
Test blanks shall be temporarily installed to isolate piping from equipment and
from other sections, which have a different test pressure.
4.1.5
4.2
FLUSHING / CLEANING
4.2.1
All prefabricated piping shall be checked for cleanliness before erection and must
be free from all loose matter. All installed sections of piping (except for
compressed air) shall be thoroughly flushed with clean water. When sufficient
water is available, the velocity of the flushing water shall exceed the pipeline fluid
velocity.
4.2.2
Prior to flushing, all orifice plates, control valves, check valves, etc. are to be
removed from the system and replaced by temporary spools.
4.3
SAFETY VALVES
4.3.1
Safety valves are not to be installed until upon completion of the flushing and
testing.
4.3.2
Safety valves are to be reset at site to the correct popping and reseating
pressures.
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THERMAL INSULATION
5.1
GENERAL
5.1.1
5.2
SCOPE OF WORK
5.2.1
This specification covers the general requirements for the supply, offloading and
erection of Thermal and Personnel Protection Insulation.
5.3
INSULATING MATERIALS
5.3.1
b)
c)
5.3.2
5.4
PIPING INSULATION
5.4.1
All piping, pipe fittings, valves and strainers to be insulated shall be insulated as
follows:
Insulation Type A
TEMPERATURE
APPLICATION
Up to 400C
Compressed Air
Hot water lines
MATERIAL
INSULATION THICKNESS
20 mm (")
32 - 65 mm (1" to 2")
25 mm (1")
40 mm (1")
50 mm (2")
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Insulation Type B
TEMPERATURE
20C TO 30C
APPLICATION
MATERIAL
INSULATION THICKNESS
20 mm (")
Above 50 mm (2")
25 mm (1")
5.4.2
5.5
5.5.1
Piping
a)
Insulation shall be applied by butting adjoining sections firmly together and pasting
canvas smoothly over the joints. Longitudinal and circumferential joints need not
be pointed with finishing cement. Longitudinal joints shall be staggered.
b)
All indoor pipe work shall be finished with 0,6 mm plain aluminium jacketing. The
aluminium jacketing shall be applied to all straight runs, bends, elbows, tees and
other fittings.
c)
Pipe work located outdoors shall be finished with 0,9 mm plain, or 0,6 corrugated
aluminium jacketing. The aluminium jacketing shall be applied to all straight runs,
bends, elbows, tees and other fittings. Suitable means of draining off condensation
are to be incorporated.
d)
All aluminium jacketing is to be fixed by the use of pop rivets or equal, and finished
work shall present neat and workmanlike appearance.
e)
All joints in the outdoor aluminium jacketing are to be permanently sealed for
weather protection by the use of an aluminium coloured vapour barrier sealer.
5.5.2
All valves, fittings and flanges shall be insulated with the same material, and to the
same thickness as the adjacent piping, and shall be finished in aluminium
sheeting.
b)
Insulation shall be stopped-off at a sufficient distance from all flanges to permit the
easy removal of bolts.
c)
All valves and flanged joints are to be insulated with purpose made aluminium
boxes lined with the insulating material. The lining is to be a compression fit over
the contours of the particular valves and flanges to be insulated. The boxes are to
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be made in two halves that shall be fixed by means of hinges and quick release
fasteners for ease of removal.
d)
e)
5.6
5.6.1
In all location where the dripping of moisture due to condensation on cold piping
would be a nuisance the lines shall be insulated with Polyurethane material.
5.6.2
Installation procedure shall be the same as for Type A piping insulation, except
that insulation shall be fixed with adhesive direct to the pipe work and all joints
shall be sealed with mastic to provide complete vapour seal. Indoor pipe work
shall be finished with 0,6 mm Aluminium Cladding and all joints shall be sealed by
the use of an aluminium coloured vapour barrier sealer.
5.6.3
Anti-sweat insulation may be used on overhead cold water lines in Offices and
maintenance buildings, and any additional areas as directed.
5.7
5.7.1
Tanks and equipment requiring insulation shall be insulated with 50 mm (2") thick
Mineral Wool or Glass Fibre slabs, finished with 0,9 mm Aluminium Cladding
sheets. Insulation shall be securely attached by composite welding studs and
spring clip washers. All voids are to be filled before cladding. Sheets are to be held
in place by aluminium alloy screws into studs. Joints are to be sealed as in 5.4
PIPING INSULATION.
5.8
INSULATION SUNDRIES
5.8.1
5.8.2
Glass tape and glass cloth fabric shall be of the woven mesh type.
5.8.3
5.9
HEAT TRACING
5.9.1
Heat tracing used for freeze protection purposes shall be provided using the
electric conduction method. It shall conform to BS 6351 : Electric surface heating,
Parts 1, 2 and 3 latest edition and all relevant CENELEC EN Standards. Care shall
be taken that the thermal insulation applied is adequate for use with heat tracing
system.
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6.1
SCOPE
6.1.1
This specification covers the protection of Compressed Air, Water, and Gas, steel
piping buried underground, or in sleeves, certain piping in concrete and that laid in
concrete trenches that are to be subsequently sand filled.
6.2
PRIMING
6.2.1
Bare pipe shall be thoroughly wire brushed and all loose dust and rust, oil, grease
or other foreign matter removed.
6.2.2
After thoroughly stirring, the primer shall be applied to the cleaned pipe with a
clean brush to give an even coating and a rate of 5 litres per 13-14 m. The pipe
must be completely covered.
6.2.3
Only that amount of pipe should be covered that will not dry out before wrapping
can be applied.
6.3
APPLICATION OF TAPE
6.3.1
When the primer has reached a tacky state, remove draft paper backing and apply
the tape, wrapping spirally with a 50% overlap exerting an even tension to ensure
conformability. If primer dries before the wrapping is applied, the primer has to be
re-applied.
6.3.2
6.4
HANDLING
6.4.1
Particular care shall be taken in handling wrapped pipe. Sling belts at least 150
mm wide shall be used to lift pipes. Chains, ropes and wire ropes shall not be
used.
6.5
TESTING
6.5.1
Before lowering pipe into trench, or passing through sleeve, the wrapping shall be
tested with a suitable holiday detector with an output voltage of 10.000 volts. Any
faults revealed shall be immediately made good.
6.6
REPAIRS
6.6.1
In the event of a defect discovered from any reason, the wrapping on either side of
the defect is to be cut back, and one whole turn covering the defect removed.
6.6.2
The pipe so exposed, and half a wrapping width on either side shall be coated with
primer.
6.6.3
A length of new wrap shall be spirally wound over the freshly primed area and in
the same direction as before.
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6.7
6.7.1
In the case of pipes to be laid in trenches, the pipe is to be carefully laid and the
trench shall be of the correct depth, trimmed if necessary with clean well
compacted soil or sand. All vegetable matter, rocks, stones or any sharp bodies
liable to penetrate the protective coating, shall be removed. Refer also to 6.4
HANDLING. Avoid strains, snags or scraping.
6.7.2
In the case of pipes laid in concrete trenches or in sleeves, the pipe shall be
adequately supported along its length. Where pipe is inserted into a sleeve, the
direction of wrapping shall be such that the exposed overlap edges face away
from the direction of insertion. The same care shall be exercised in handling the
wrapped pipe.
6.7.3
In the case of pipes laid in open ground, the bottom of the trench to just above the
top of the pipe shall be filled with sand, well tamped under and alongside the pipe.
The trench shall then be filled with selected granular material (sand); the 300 mm
immediately above the pipe shall be tamped in 150 mm layers and the remainder
of the backfill shall be tamped in layers not exceeding 200 mm.
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