Contoh Makalah Bahasa Inggris Terbaru

AN ANALYSIS OF ERROR MADE BY THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS OF

SMA NEGERI 1 RAMAN UTARA
By:
Meta Listina Muharrami
(0913042107)
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTEMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Problem
Making error is the most natural thing in the world and it is evidently attached to human
being. In the teaching-learning process, most of the students making error in writen or sound
productions. Students will experience errors because it is a process in order to master second
language. The teacher have to help them in solving their problem and improving their ability.
According to Lennon (1991) an error is a linguistics form or combination of forms which in
the same context and under similiar conditions of production would, in all likehood, not be
produced by the speakers native speakers counterparts.
Because of this problem, the teacher should do error analysis in order to know what are the
most common errors produce by the students. It will make easy for the teacher to guide each
of the students in mastering second language.
1.2 Objective of the Research
1. To find what are the most common errors produce by the students in writing recount text
2. To describe the type of the students errors in writing recount text based on surface strategy
taxonomies.
3. To describe the type of students errors in writing recount text based on communicative
effect taxonomies.
1.3 Procedures

1.

Subject
There are 5 persons as the samples in this research. They are the students of XI sains 1 class
in SMA N 1 Raman Utara. The age is about sixteenth years old. Their initial are A, B, C, D,
E. Among them there are
Instrument
The instrument used in this research is written test. The reasearch was held in SMA N 1
Raman Utara.
Data Analysis
The data will be analyzed based on surface startegy taxonomy. There are some categories,
deletion, addition, substitution, and misordering The table below is the example of table for
analizying the error that made by the students.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

The Error Sentence

The Types of Error

The Right Sentence

CHAPTER 2
FRAME OF THEORIES
2.1 Concept of Error
As we know, Making error is the most natural thing in the world and it is evidently attached
to human being. But, there are different definitions of the errors. Accirding to George (1972)
learners make errors in both comprehension and production. Children learning their first
language (L1), adult native speakers, second language learners they all make errors which
have different name according to the group committin the error. Childrens error have been
seen as transitional forms, the native speakers one are called slips of the tongue and the
second language (L2) errors are considered unwanted forms.
Brown (1980:166) states that error analysis is the fact that the learners do make errors and
that these errors can be observed, analyzed and classified to reveal something of the system
operating within the errors led to a surge of the learners errors called error analysis. Based on
Browns statement, it can be concluded that error analysis is technique for analyzing and
classifying about students error. Corder (1981:89) states that there are two functions of Error
Analysis, they are to investigate the language learning process and to show whether it
necessary for the teacher to have remedial teaching or not.

2.2 Types of Error

Dullay, Burt , Krasen (1982: 151) classify the types of error based on surface strategy t
taxonomy :
1. Deletion
This error is characterized by the absence of an item that must appear in well-formed
utterance. Although any morphemes or words in a sentences are potential candidates for
deletion, some type of morphemes carry the bulk of referential meaning of a sentence, noun,
verb, adjective and adverb.
For examples:
I singing a song

I am singing a song
She is the most beautiful girl in the class

She is most beautiful girl in the class

2. Addition

This kind of error is characterized by the presence of an item which must not appear in wellformed utterance. Here are the examples of those errors:
I can help you

I can to help you

Tia cooks in the kitchen

Tia is cook in the kitchen

3. Misordering Error

This kind of error is characterized by the incorrect placement of the morphemes in an

utterance, for examples:
I dont know who are you

I dont know who you are

Always she comes late

She always comes late

4. Substitution
This error is charcterized by the use of the wrong pronoun. For example:
My mother is cooking. He cooks noodle
I know they

My mother is cooking. She cooks noodle

I know them

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CHAPTER 3
DISCUSSION
3.1. Result

The data of the research will be analyzed in order to know what are the errors made by the
students of X1 sains 1 of SMA N 1 Raman Utara in writing recount text and narrative text.
The sample are 6 persons that take randomly. In this research, the students were asked to
write their experience. Here are the result of of the students works : (the real works are
attached in appendix).
Student A
Point in time go to school I and friend see are children fall from bicycle. We very afraid
because this children wound and peoples assist. But we near slow to school. However we not
slow to school, and we very happy because not slow to school. This is my ugly experience.
Student B
I have some good experience, but in this moment, I will tell about once of my experience.
When I was in the X grade, I ever followed a GIS 6 championship in SMA N 3 Metro. At that
time, I followed LCT. I followed it with my friends, Putri and Yuli and other students
followed in other champion, for example hafidz, kaligrafi, and story telling. We went there by
motorcycle from school. Some teachers accompanied us. Arrived there, we stay in basecamp
and in the evening,the championship was started. I,Putri, and Yuli got number five. After we
followed LCT at first day, we were in semi final. The next day, we started to follow LCT
again. But,we were lose. We were very sad. Other students from our school that followed
other champion were lose too. Although we felt sad, but we also felt happy because this is our
new experience. I felt very happy too because I can followed inter Lampung championship.
Student C
The little I ever at to invite family in Jakarta.I to depart at day Sunday by to ascend car. Time
I at journey I to halt for breakfas. Then I to continue more journey the Jakarta.Arrive her at
Jakarta us to spend the night at hotel. Then us the Tanggupan Perahu done that us Ancol.Done
from Ancol us to call at the mol for cost. Then us all ready to go home the house us at
Lampung.
Student D
)5.00 a.m., I am get up, then I am sweeping, after that am take a bath. 06.30 a.m. I am go to
school and 14.00 p.m. I am back to house, then I am break. After that sweeping 18.00 p.m. I
am prayer, after that study, hen I am watching TV, after finish prayer and 21.00 p.m. I am
sleeping.
Student E
Every day Im get up with at 05.15 a.m. yhen to clean up room. At 05.20 a.m. Im sholat then
bath. With at 06.35 a.m. Im breakfast then Im go to school. With at 07.15 a.m. 02.00 p.m.

Im school. Thenwith at 02.30 p.m.Im back to home then lunch then sleep or wact tv. At
03.30 p.m. I cokking then at 05.15 p.m.Im bath. At 06.00 p.m. dinner then sholat. At 06.50
p.m.study and at 08.30 p.m. Im sleeping.
3.2.Discussion
Student A
No.
1.
2.

The Error Sentence

The Types of Error
Go to school I and friend
Missordering
See are children fall from Addition

The Right Sentence

My friend and I ago to school
See children fall from bicycle

3.
4.
5.
6.

bicycle
We very afraid
Peoples assist
But we near slow to school
However we not slow to

Deletion
Addition
Misformation
Misformation

We are very afraid

People assist
But, we are not far from school
However we are not far from

7.
8.

school
We very happy
Because not to slow to

Deletion
Misformation

school
We are very happy
Because we didnt come late to

school.

school

The Error Sentence

The Types of Error
I have some good experience Deletion
I ever followed as GIS Deletion

The Right Sentence

I have some good experiences
I have ever been followed at GIS

6championship in SMA N 3

6 championship in SMA N 3

3.

Metro.
And other students followed Deletion

Metro
And other students followed in

4.
5.

in other champion
We stay in basecamp
I, Putri and Yuli got number

other champions
We stayedin basecamp
Putri, Yuli, and I got number five

6.
7.

five
We were lose
Other students

Student B
No.
1.
2.

from

Deletion
Misordering

Addition
our Addition

school that followed other

We lose
Other students from our school
that followd other champion lose

8..

champion were lose too

Although we felt sad, but we

Addition

too
Although we felt sad, we also

4.

also felt happy

I felt very happy too because

Addition

felt happy
I felt very happy too because can

can followed inter Lampung

follow

inter

championship

championship

Lampung

Student C
No.
1.

The Error Sentence

The little I ever at to invite

The type of Error

Addition

2.

familiy in Jakarta
I to depart at day Sunday by Addition

The Right Sentence

I have ever been invite family in
Jakarta
I depart at Sunday by car

3.

to ascend car
Time at journey I to halt for

Global Error

I went to halt for having

breakfas
Then I to continue more

Addition

breakfast
Then I continue the journey

5.

journey
I to continue journey the

Misordering

6.

Jakarta
Arrive at her at Jakarta us to

Global error

Jakarta
We spent the night at hotel after

7.

spend the night at hotel

Then us the Tangkuban Global error

arrived at Jakarta
Then we went to Tangkuban

perahu done that us Ancol

Perahu after that we went to

continued

journey to

the

8.

Done from Ancol us to call at

Global error

Ancol
After we went to Ancol, we went

9.

the mol for cost

Then us all ready to go home

Global Error

to the mall for shopping

Then all of us were ready to go

the house us at Lampung

home

Student D
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

The Error Sentence

I am get up
I am sweeping
Am take a bath
I am go to school
I am prayer
After that study
Then I am watching TV
After finish prayer
I am sleeping

The Type of Error

Addition
Addition
Deletion
Addition
Addition
Deletion
Addition
Deletion
Addition

The Right Sentence

I get up
I sweep
I am take a bath
I go to school
I prayed
After that I study
Then I watch TV
After finish I pray
I sleep

No.
1.

The Error Sentence

Every day Im get up with at

The Type of Error

Addition

The Right Sentence

Every day I get up at 05.15 a.m.

2.
3.
4.
5.

05.15 a.m.
Then to clean up room
At 05.20 a.m. Im sholat
Then bath
With at 07.15 a.m.-02.00

Addition
Addition
Deletion
Addition

Then clean up the room

At 05.20 a.m. I pray
Then I take a bath
At 07.15 a.m. 02.00 p.m I go to

6.

p.m. Im school
Then with at 02.30 p.m. Im

Addition

school
Then at 02.30 p.m. I back to

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

back to home
Then lunch
Then sleep or watc tv
At 03.30 p.m. I cokking
Then at 05.15 p.m. Im bath
At 06.00 p.m. dinner then

12.
13.

sholat
At 06.50 p.m. study
At 08.30 p.m. Im sleeping

Student E

Deletion

home
Then I have lunch
Then I sleep or watch tv
At 03.30 p.m. I cook
Then at 05.15 p.m. I take a bath
At 06.00 p.m. I have dinner then

Deletion
Addition

sholat
At 06.50 p.m. I study
At 08.30 p.m. I sleep

Deletion
Deletion
Addition

CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION
Based on the data analysis, the writer conclude :
1. The most common error that made by the students are deletion and addition.
2. The cause is because less of exercise and lack of knowledge about their second language
3. Error analysis can help the teacher for guiding the students in mastering second language.
REFERENCES
Kiparsky.1973. Idiosyncratic Dialect and Error Analysis. Oxford University Press.London
Krashen, Stephen and Burt Marina and Dulay Heidi.1982. Language Two. Oxford University Press.
New York
http ://www.learning-theories.com/vygotskys-social-learning-theory.html
http ://www.learning-theories.com/discovery-learning-bruner.html
Semoga contoh makalah bahasa inggris yang saya berikan diatas dapat anda gunakan dan
bermanfaat bagi anda semua.
Baca juga: Nama Hari & Bulan Dalam Bahasa Inggris Beserta Artinya

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