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Answer
Answer
Answer
Digital Technology.
B.
Frequency re-use.
C.
D.
Using VLRs in each area and the HLR in the network switching centre.
A. I and II
B. I and III
C. II and III
D. IV only
Answer
B.
Answer
C.
B.
C.
Both MSC and PSTN processes a call made from a mobile phone to a
land phone.
D.
A. III only
B. I, II and IV
C. III and IV
D. I and II
Answer
B.
D. The radio waves from two different conversation have added on to each
other due to the humidity of air.
Answer
C.
B.
C.
D.
A. II only
B. III only
C. I and IV
D. II and III
Answer
B.
When GSM was planned, CDMA was not approved as a multiple access
system.
B.
C.
D.
A. I and III
B. I only
C. II and III
D. I and IV
Answer
B.
Answer
C.
Which of the four cellular networks in the UK is the best and why?
A. Mercury, because it offers good service within its covered area.
B. Orange, because of its good "inside building" coverage.
C. Vodafone, because it uses GSM
D. Cellnet , because it offers a wider range of phones-sets
Answer
D.
The diagram above shows two adjacent cells using the a4 channel after
borrowing.
B.
C.
D.
A. I, II and III
B. II only
C. II and IV
D. I and II
Answer
B.
Answer
C.
There are five cars(C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5) moving away from cell A into
cell B. The table below shows the time at which each car arrives at the
handover threshold and the speed at which they are travelling.
Car
Arrival time(ms)
Speed(km/h)
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
0
10
15
25
100
10
40
50
20
360
D.
There are several assumption that the candidate is allowed to make about
this question. They are :A. All the cars are travelling away from the handover threshold towards
Answer
ANSWERS
1. Answer : B
Topic : What is a Cellular Network?
2. ANSWER : C
Topic : GSM
GSM is currently the Global system for Mobile Communications. When it
was first developed it was called a French name meaning Group Special
Mobile. GSM was later renamed to its current name by the European
Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI) when it gained world wide
acceptance and became the European standard.
For further reading :
3. Answer : D
Topic : Multiple Access Systems
The digital network uses various methods to maximise the efficiency of
bandwidth utilisation, such as TDMA and CDMA.
4. Answer : C
Frequency re-use in non-adjacent cells allows a small bandwidth to be used
by many subscribers. Now TDMA/CDMA allows further sharing, using
spread spectrum technologies or (for TDMA) by dividing the available
bandwidth into time slots for different users. Digital technology has led to
these multiple access systems but on its own, digital technology didn't achieve
simultaneous users.
5. ANSWER : A
Topic : PCN phones
Both GSM and PCN are digital mobile systems. The system used in North
America is the PCS - personal communication system, not PCN - personal
communication network. The difference is answer A - the frequency range.
6. Answer :D
Topic : What is a Cellular Network? AND Allowing Mobility of the
Subscriber
7. Answer : C
This problem arises due to co-channel interference.
In a cellular network, an area is divided into cells which when grouped
together forms a cluster. In order to efficiently utilise the bandwidth
allocated, the channel frequency used in one cluster is reused in another
cluster. The pair of cells, located in these different clusters using this same
channel frequency must be far away from each other so that no co-channel
interference can occur.
When the cell size is too small, the distance between two cells in different
clusters using the same channel frequency would be too close to each other.
This causes co-channel interference to occur.
8. Answer : D
The problem described above is co-channel interference.
I is incorrect
The mobile phone transmits MIN when it enters a new cell for registration
purposes. This does not solve co-channel interference.
II is correct
The explanation below shows how SAT can be used to distinguish the correct
user from other users who are using the same channel frequency.
Diagram 1
As shown in the diagram on
the left, each cluster is assigned
SAT at different frequencies.
There are three different
frequencies. They are
5970Hz(SAT 1),6000Hz(SAT 2)
and 6030Hz(SAT 3).
The base station of a cell would first send this SAT to the mobile phone when
it enters this cell. After the mobile phone receives this SAT, it would retransmit this SAT almost continuously to the base station. So any co-channel
interference would be sensed as it would carry the wrong SAT frequency. In
this case the unknown person's mobile phone would be transmitting the
wrong SAT to Grommit's current base station. The base station can then
mute the unknown user's conversation.
III is correct
Cells using the same channel frequency would be located in different
clusters. So, increasing the size of the clusters would cause these cells using
the same channel frequency to be further away from each other. Therefore
co-channel interference is reduced.
III is not an extremely accurate answer unlike II, but it is an acceptable
answer owing to the fact that cluster size plays a major role in the degree of
co-channel interference in both analogue and digital cellular networks.
IV is incorrect
Increasing the bandwidth can only make matters worst as it reduces the
9. Answer : A
GSM uses time division multiple access since code division multiple access
was not approved at the time GSM emerged.
CDMA is supposed to give better long distance transmission quality. Europe
consists of many small countries. The need to communicate with a user in
another country from one country is not high. This is because phone users in
different countries generally
D. do not speak each others language
E. not related to each other or even know each other
Meanwhile in the USA which is a large country, it is essential that long
distance calls have very good quality because
F. people from different states talk the same language
G. a very high chance that people from different state know each other or
even related to each other.
Therefore, CDMA is needed in the USA but not in Europe(not essential).
For further reading :
ARTICLE 2. Mobile Phones in the UK and Multiple Access Systems -> The
CDMA cellular standard
10. Answer : D
Topic : Spread Spectrum
Spread spectrum uses a wide frequency band and allocates all resources to
all simultaneous users, controlling the power transmitted by each to a
minimum required to maintain a signal-to-noise ratio for the required level
of performance. In this way a simple receiver will pass the signal as
background noise.
For further reading :
12. Answer : B
Topic : Channel Assignment Strategies in Cellular Networks
I is incorrect
Let's say cell A and cell B are adjacent to each other.
After a channel frequency in cell A is borrowed to cell B, cell A cannot use
this channel frequency. This avoids co-channel interference.
II is correct
From the diagram it can be seen that the cell using the a4 channel is closer
to the cells marked N after the borrowing had occurred. Now, more cells
around the cells marked X would be unable to use the a4 channel in order to
prevent co-channel interference. So, cells marked N are possibly the cells
that are not allowed to use the a4 channel after borrowing had occurred.
III is incorrect
Borrowing is meant to increase the efficiency of spectrum utilisation and
does not affect the handover rate.
IV is incorrect
There is no reason for poorer voice reception as there is no increase in cochannel interference or other related problems after borrowing occurs.
For further reading :
13. Answer : B
Topic : Schemes to Minimise Forced Termination of a Call
The handover threshold is set at the point where the power received from a
neighbouring cell site has started to exceed the power received from
the current BS for certain amount and/or for a certain time.
The receiver threshold is the point at which the received power from
the BS is at the minimum acceptable level.
A main requirement here in order to prevent forced termination of a call is
that :-
14. Answer : C
Topic : Schemes to Minimise Forced Termination of a Call
In order to answer this question follow the steps below :Step 1.
Convert the units of speed from km/h to m/s. Convert the unit of time from
ms to s. These steps above makes the units consistent.
Step 2.
Calculate the distance the car would have travelled away from the handover
threshold at 100ms This is done for each car by using the formula :speed x (0.1s - arrival time at the handover threshold)
Step 3.
Construct the table shown below.
Car
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5