Northwest ISD
Facilities, Planning, & Construction
Water Testing for Lead
2016Last summer, Fort Worth ISD initiated water testing in their facilities for lead contamination. This testing,
was not mandated by the State of Texas, Tarrant County, of the City of Fort Worth, but rather, the
decision to test was made by the district in reaction to the water crisis in Flint, Michigan. FWISD tested
116 schools and found lead contamination in 28 of those. According to published reports, they replaced
500 water fountains. The testing of drinking water at FWISD schools this past June and July revealed lead
levels exceeding the recommended Environmental Protection Agency levels of 15 parts per billion
(1Sppb) in multiple of areas. While the majority of testing locations yielded acceptable results by EPA
standards, lead levels reached as high as 88.9 parts per billion at some sites. Please note that the action
threshold is 15.0 parts per billion.
‘The Flint Water Crisis is a drinking water contamination issue in Flint, Michigan, that began in April of
2014, After Flint changed its water source from treated Detroit Water and Sewerage Department water to
the Flint River (to which officials had failed to apply corrosion inhibitors), its drinking water had a series
of problems that culminated with lead contamination and created a public health danger so serious it was
declared a Federal Emergency. According to the National Resources Defense Council, the crisis has not
been resolved and is still ongoing today.
In 1974, Congress passed the Safe Drinking Water Act, which requires the EPA to determine the level of
contaminants in drinking water at which no adverse health effects are likely to occur with an adequate
‘margin of safety. These non-enforceable health goals, based solely on possible health risks are called
‘maximum contaminant level goals (MCLGs). The MCLG for lead is zero. The EPA has set this level
based on the best available science which shows there is no safe level of exposure to lead.
However, because lead contamination of drinking water often results from corrosion of the plumbing
‘materials belonging to water system customers, the EPA established a treatment technique rather than an
MCLG for lead. A treatment technique is an enforceable procedure or level of technological performance
‘which water systems must follow to ensure contro! of @ contaminant,
In 1991, the EPA published a regulation to control lead and copper in drinking water, known as the Lead
and Copper Rule, or the LCR. Since publishing the LCR, the EPA has revised the regulation twice, first
in 2000, and again in 2007.
‘The treatment technique regulation for lead (LCR) requires water systems to control the corrosive levels
of the water. The regulation also requires systems to collect tap samples from sites served by the system
‘that are more likely to have plumbing materials containing lead. If more than 10% of tap water samples
exceed the lead action level of ISppb, then water systems are required to take additional actions
including
Taking further steps to optimize their corrosion control treatment (for water systems serving 50,000
people that have not fully optimized their corrosion control)
Educating the public about lead in drinking water and actions consumers can take to reduce their exposure
to lead.
Replacing the portions of lead service lines (lines that connect distribution mains to customers) under the
water system’s control.{All of these regulations and rules are set in place for and apply to public water suppliers. Although they
may serve as a guideline, these regulations were not intended to govern the end user,
Northwest ISD started taking water samples on 08/09/2016 and pulled our last sample on 11/03/2016.
Our Special Projects Lead Technician was instructed on proper technique and sample control. He took
every sample into sample bottles that were supplied by our lab of choice, Xenco, ensured the samples
‘were kept on ice, and then delivered the samples to the lab every day or two, as needed. If the samples
were delivered the same day, they did not require refrigeration. From the moment we picked up the
sample bottles, until the samples were collected and delivered to the lab, they were kept in a locked room
that only our Lead Technician had access to, no one else had contact with these samples, therefore
creating a secure “Chain of Custody”,
A sample was taken from every main kitchen sink and water fountain location. In the instances that there
were two water fountains in the same location, one was randomly selected for a sample. In the older
Elementary Schools, constructed in 1992 or earlier, many of the kindergarten rooms had bubblers (a water
fountain type spigot) on the sink faucets that would allow students to drink from the faucet; a sample was
also pulled from every one of these locations. Out of 299 samples that were taken, only three were
slightly elevated. Upon our standard second test at each location, all came back with a result within the
established EPA threshold of 1Sppb. In addition to being within the action threshold, we are also well
within the EPA’s established 10% guideline. Even before our standard retest, our elevated samples were
at 1% of the samples taken.
All of our results are shown in mg/l (mil
equivalent to 0.0150 mg/l.
ams per liter). The EPA’s established threshold of 15 ppb is[amen ——]
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