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Presidencial
Las elecciones en Estados Unidos son cada 4 aos para presidente. Los
estadounidenses acuden a las urnas en noviembre cada cuatro aos (coincidiendo
con los aos mltiplos de cuatro) para elegir un nuevo Presidente de los Estados
Unidos. El partido ganador de la eleccin popular tiene derecho a mandar a los
electores de su partido al Colegio Electoral que elegir al Presidente. El nmero
de los compromisarios vara segn la poblacin estatal.
Existen 535 votos electorales divididos entre los 50 estados y el Distrito de
Columbia. Cada estado tiene un elector por cada uno de sus miembros en el
Congreso: uno por cada legislador de la Cmara de Representantes (determinado
por la poblacin estatal) y uno por cada senador (cada estado tiene dos). Un
candidato necesita la mitad ms uno de los votos electorales, es decir 270, para
llegar a la presidencia.
La mayora de los estados conceden todos sus votos electorales al candidato que
ha ganado la votacin popular en el estado. Los electores luego emiten dos votos
cada uno: uno para presidente y el otro para vicepresidente. Estos sufragios son
enviados al Congreso donde son certificados.
Si dos candidatos presidenciales reciben la misma cantidad de votos electorales,
la Cmara de Representantes decidir quin se convierte en presidente y el
Senado har lo propio con el vicepresidente. Esto, si ninguna de las votaciones
estatales es impugnada.
El Presidente de los Estados Unidos se elige en una asamblea formada por 538
electores. Esta cifra es igual a la suma de:
538 = 100 Senadores + 435 Representantes + 3 Delegados de Washington D.C.
que no tiene senadores pero si Delegados.
En estas papeletas, cada candidato a presidente lleva adjunto el nombre de su
Vicepresidente y el partido al que pertenece. En cada estado gana el candidato
que ms votos tiene. Pero estos votos no eligen de momento al Presidente, sino
que eligen el bloque a los compromisarios de esta opcin poltica que irn
despus al colegio electoral. Como hay 538 compromisarios en total, un candidato
necesita al menos 270 para ser elegido. Lo que se traduce a 269 (la mitad de 538)
+ 1 = 270 escaos para ser nombrado Presidente de los Estados Unidos.
Senado
El Senado de los Estados Unidos se compone de dos Senadores por cada Estado,
lo que arroja en la actualidad un total de cien Senadores. El Presidente de los
Estados Unidos necesita el consejo y el consentimiento del Senado, por mayora
de dos tercios de los Senadores presentes, para poder concluir acuerdos y
tratados internacionales y para designar a las personas que proponga para cargos
como los Departamentos Ejecutivos, las Embajadas y Consulados y los Tribunales
de Justicia. Los senadores son elegidos para un mandato de seis aos,
renovndose un tercio de la Cmara cada dos aos.
Para ser Senador de los Estados Unidos de Amrica se deben cumplir una serie
de requisitos: ser mayor de 30 aos, residir en el estado que representan y ser
ciudadano de los Estados Unidos al menos durante los 9 aos previos a su
eleccin como senador.
Salario de un senador: 174 000 $/ao
La cantidad de Senadores es menor que la de Representantes y sus miembros
permanecen en el cargo por un perodo de mayor duracin, permitiendo as un
ambiente ms colegial y no tan partidista, de esta forma se mantiene ms alejado
de la opinin pblica que la Cmara.
La Tercera Seccin del Artculo I de la Constitucin establece tres requisitos para
los senadores: cada senador debe tener al menos 30 aos de edad, debe ser
ciudadano de los Estados Unidos a lo menos desde hace nueve aos y, por
ltimo, debe tener su residencia (al momento de la eleccin) en el estado que l o
ella busca representar.
El presidente del Senado es el Vicepresidente de los Estados Unidos.
Cada estado es representado por dos senadores, independientemente de su
poblacin que son elegidos por voto directo quin tenga ms votosClases de senadores:
Las tres Clases de Senadores de Estados Unidos son una denominacin utilizada
por el Senado de los Estados Unidos para describir los periodos en los que cada
Senador perteneciente a determinada clase se mantendr en el cargo, y as saber
cundo sern las elecciones para ese puesto.
Cada clase contiene 33 34 Senadores, desde que Hawi se convirti en el
estado n. 50 en 1959 y hasta que otro estado sea admitido.
Primary Election
June 7, 2016
General Election
November 8, 2016
Eleccin Primaria:
Primaria: Una eleccin primaria es una eleccin en la cual los votantes registrados
seleccionan un candidato que ellos creen que debera ser el candidato de un
partido poltico para los cargos de eleccin popular en la eleccin general.
Tambin se utiliza para elegir delegados a la convencin y los lderes de los
partidos. Las primarias son elecciones a nivel estado que tienen lugar antes de
una eleccin general. California utiliza un sistema de los dos primeros, que permite
a todos los candidatos participar y a todos los electores a votar pero slo
selecciona a los dos candidatos ms votados, independientemente de su afiliacin
poltica, que podrn ser elegidos en la eleccin general del prximo 8 de
noviembre.
Resultados de la eleccin primaria:
Primary election
[hide]U.S. Senate, California Primary, 2016
Party
Candidate
Vote %
Votes
Democratic
Kamala Harris
40.2%
3,000,689
Democratic
Loretta Sanchez
19%
1,416,203
Republican
Duf Sundheim
7.8%
584,251
Republican
Phil Wyman
4.7%
352,821
Republican
4.3%
323,614
Republican
Greg Conlon
3.1%
230,944
Democratic
Steve Stokes
2.3%
168,805
Republican
George Yang
1.5%
112,055
Republican
Karen Roseberry
1.5%
110,557
Republican
Tom Palzer
1.2%
93,263
Libertarian
Gail Lightfoot
1.3%
99,761
Republican
Ron Unz
1.2%
92,325
Democratic
Massie Munroe
0.8%
61,271
Pamela Elizondo
1.3%
95,677
Republican
Don Krampe
0.9%
69,635
Republican
Jarrell Williamson
0.9%
64,120
Independent
Elanor Garcia
0.9%
65,084
Republican
Von Hougo
0.9%
63,609
Democratic
0.8%
63,330
Republican
Jerry Laws
0.7%
53,023
Libertarian
0.6%
41,344
Independent
0.5%
35,196
John Parker
0.3%
22,374
Democratic
Herbert Peters
0.4%
32,638
Democratic
Emory Rodgers
0.4%
31,485
Independent
Mike Beitiks
0.4%
31,450
Green
Independent
Clive Grey
0.4%
29,418
Independent
Jason Hanania
0.4%
27,715
Independent
Paul Merritt
0.3%
24,031
Independent
Jason Kraus
0.3%
19,318
Independent
Don Grundmann
0.2%
15,317
Independent
Scott Vineberg
0.2%
11,843
Independent
Tim Gildersleeve
0.1%
9,798
Independent
Gar Myers
0.1%
8,726
Total Votes
7,461,690
Esto quiere decir que a quin se elegir ser del partido demcrata y ser Kamala
Harris (la favorita) o Loretta Sanchez.
Kamala Harris:
Born October 20, 1964, is an American lawyer, politician, and member of the
Democratic Party, who has been the 32nd and current Attorney General of
California since 2011.
Harris graduated from Howard University and University of California, Hastings
College of the Law. She worked as a Deputy District Attorney in Alameda County,
California, from 1990 to 1998. She served as Managing Attorney of the Career
Criminal Unit in the San Francisco District Attorney's Office, from 1998 to 2000,
and as Chief of the Community and Neighborhood Division in the office of San
Francisco City Attorney, from 2000 to 2003. In 2003, she was elected District
Attorney of San Francisco, defeating incumbent Terence Hallinan. She was reelected in 2007 and served from 2004 to 2011.
Harris was elected California's Attorney General in 2010 and was re-elected in
2014.Harris is the first female, the first African-American, and the first AsianAmerican attorney general in California.
Harris was born in Oakland, California. She is the daughter of an Indian mother, Dr.
Shyamala Gopalan Harris, a breast cancer specialist, who immigrated from
Chennai, India, in 1960 and a Jamaican American father, a Stanford University
economics professor, Donald Harris.[ In 1958, her mother emigrated from India at
age 19 to attend the University of California, Berkeley. She has one younger sister,
Maya, who is now married to Tony West, a former Associate Attorney General of
the United States.Kamala's parents divorced when she was young.
Her mother had primary custody of the two girls, who were raised in Berkeley,
California; Oakland; and Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where their mother took a
position doing research at the Jewish General Hospital and teaching at McGill
University. Harris' mother died in 2009. In Berkeley, the family lived in a black
neighborhood and the girls sang in a Baptist choir. Her mother took the girls to visit
India every other year.
Loretta Sanchez
is the U.S. Representative for California's 46th congressional district, serving in
Congress since 1997. After an unsuccessful early entry into politics as a
Republican running under her married name Loretta Brixey for city council in the
Los Angeles suburb of Palos Verdes Estates, she changed her party affiliation and
rebranded herself under her maiden name to first be elected in 1996, when she
defeated long-serving GOP congressman Bob Dornan by fewer than 1,000 votes.
Snchez represented the 46th district from 1997 to 2003, then California's 47th
congressional district from 2003 to 2013, and again in the 46th district from 2013 to
the present. The district lies in central Orange County. Since 1996, Snchez has
been a member of the Democratic Party, and of the centrist House Blue Dog
Coalition.
Instead of running for re-election to the House in November 2016, Snchez is
running in the U.S. Senate race in California and is one of two candidates to reach
the general election for that seat. If she wins she will be the first Latina ever to
serve in the United States Senate.
Snchez was born in Lynwood, California, and graduated from Katella High School
in Anaheim in 1978. Her father was a unionized machinist and her mother worked
as a secretary.Her Mexican immigrant parents had seven children. She joined the
United Food and Commercial Workers when she worked as an ice cream server in
high school, and received a union scholarship to college. She received her
undergraduate degree in Economics from Chapman College in Orange in 1982,
obtained her MBA from American University in Washington, DC in 1984, and was a
financial analyst for defense contractor Booz Allen Hamilton until entering the
House. Snchez describes herself as growing up a "shy, quiet girl" who did not
speak English. She credits government with much of her success in public life.
After graduating from Westmount High School, Harris attended Howard University
in Washington, D.C., where she joined the Alpha Chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha
sorority, and received her Juris Doctor (J.D.) from University of California, Hastings
College of the Law in 1989. Harris failed the California bar exam her first time, later
observing, "it's not a measure of your capacity." She was admitted to the State Bar
of California in 1990.