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FLEXIBILITY AND STRESS INTENSIFICATION FACTORS

PER ASME B31.3-2006, APPENDIX D US Customary Units (inch, psi)
TABLE D300
Client:

SI Metric Units (mm, kPa)

Description:

x
Customer No.:

Prepared By

x
x
x
x
x

Item No.:

x
Owner No.:

x
x

Dwg. No.:

A
Welding elbow or pipe bend
[ Notes (2), (4) - (7) ]

r2

Date

Rev.

2/16/2008
x
x
x
x

0
1
2
3
4

Input: Select size and thickness using

dropdowns, and enter values in cells
shown in red.
Results: Validity of input and
calculated flexibility factors and stress
intensification factors.

R1

Outside diameter of matching pipe

NPS 28 (DN 700)
Nominal wall thickness of matching pipe Sch 40S per ASME B36.19M
Additional thickness (mechanical, corrosion, erosion)
Factor of bend radius of elbow or pipe bend (i.e., 1.5Do, 1.0Do, etc.)
Design pressure
Modulus of Elasticity
Number of ends flanged
Bend radius of elbow or pipe bend (1.5Do = 1066.8 , 1.0Do = 711.2 )
Mean radius of matching pipe
Design thickness of pipe
Flexibility characteristic, h = T * R1 / r12
Correction factor for flange/s on bend
Flexibility factor, k = 1.65 / h
Stress intensification factor, Out-of-Plane, io = 0.75 / h2/3
Stress intensification factor, In-Plane, ii = 0.9 / h
k with pressure affect = kp = k / [1+6(P/E)(r2/T)

(R1/r2)

io with pressure affect = iop = io / [1+3.25(P/E)(r2/T)

ii with pressure affect = iip = ii / [1+3.25(P/E)(r2/T)

T=
h=
c1 =

mm
mm
mm
kPa(g)
kPa
mm
mm
mm

0.081
1.00
20.26
3.99

3.99

ii =

4.79

4.79

kp =

17.62

iop =

3.29

3.29

(R1/r2) ]

iip =

3.94

3.94

1/3

711.2
9.525
0.1250
1.5
100.0
2.7.E+07
0
1066.8
350.900
9.400

2/3

5/2

5/2

c=
x=
P=
E=
flgs =
R1 =
r2 =

k=
io =

2/3

7/3

Do =
Tn =

(R1/r2) ]
2/3

ASME B31.3
APPENDIX D
TABLE D300
FLEXIBILITY FACTOR, k AND STRESS INTENSIFICATION FACTOR, i
NOTES:
(1) Stress intensification and flexibility factor data in Table D300 are for use in the absence of more directly
applicable data (see para. 319.3.6). Their validity has been demonstrated for D/ T <= 100.
(2) The flexibility factor k in the Table applies to bending in any plane. The flexibility factors k and stress
intensification factors i shall not be less than unity; factors for torsion equal unity. Both factors apply over
the effective arc length (shown by heavy center lines in the sketches) for curved and miter bends, and to the
intersection point for tees.
(3) A single intensification factor equal to 0.9/ h2/3 may be used for both ii and io if desired.
(4) The values of k and i can be read directly from Chart A by entering with the characteristic h computed
from the formulas given above. Nomenclature is as follows:
Db = outside diameter of branch
R1 = bend radius of welding elbow or pipe bend
rx = see definition in para. 304.3.4(c)
r2 = mean radius of matching pipe
s = miter spacing at center line
T = for elbows and miter bends, the nominal wall thickness of the fitting
= for tees, the nominal wall thickness of the matching pipe
Tc = the crotch thickness of branch connections measured at the center of the crotch where shown in the
sketches
Tr = pad or saddle thickness
= one-half angle between adjacent miter axes
(5) Where flanges are attached to one or both ends, the values of k and i in the Table shall be corrected by the
factors C1, which can be read directly from Chart B, entering with the computed h.
(6) The designer is cautioned that cast buttwelded fittings may have considerably heavier walls than that of
the pipe with which they are used. Large errors may be introduced unless the effect of these greater
thicknesses is considered.
(7) In large diameter thin-wall elbows and bends, pressure can significantly affect the magnitudes of k and i.
To correct values from the Table, divide k by
[ 1 + 6 (P / E) (r2 / T)7/3 (R1 / r2)1/3 ]
divide i by
[ 1 + 3.25 (P / E) (r2 / T)^ 5/2 (R1 / r2)^ 2/3 ]
For consistency, use kPa and mm for SI metric, and psi and in. for US customary notation.
(8) When Tr is > 1 1/2 T, use h = 4 T/ r2.
(9) The designer must be satisfied that this fabrication has a pressure rating equivalent to straight pipe.
(10) Factors shown apply to bending. Flexibility factor for torsion equals 0.9.
(11) If rx >= 1/8 Db and Tc >= 1.5T, a flexibility characteristic of 4.4 T/r2 may be used.

(12) The out-of-plane stress intensification factor (SIF) for a reducing branch connection with branch-to-run
diameter ratio of 0.5 < d /D < 1.0 may be nonconservative. A smooth concave weld contour has been shown
to reduce the SIF. Selection of the appropriate SIF is the designer's responsibility.
(13) Stress intensification factors for branch connections are based on tests with at least two diameters of
straight run pipe on each side of the branch center line. More closely loaded branches may require special
consideration.
(14) 2.1 max. or 2.1 T/Cx, but not less than 1.3. Cx is the fillet weld leg length (see Fig. 328.5.2C). For
unequal leg lengths, use the smaller leg for Cx.

per ASME B31.1 - 2007

APPENDIX D
TABLE D-1
FLEXIBILITY FACTOR, k AND STRESS INTENSIFICATION FACTOR, i

NOTES:
(1) The following nomenclature applies to Table D-l:
B = length of miter segment at crotch, in. (mm)
Do = outside diameter, in.
Dob = outside diameter of branch, in. (mm)
R = bend radius of elbow or pipe bend, in. (mm)
r = mean radius of pipe, in. (mm) (matching pipe for tees)
rx = external crotch radius of welded-in contour inserts and welding tees, in (mm)
s = miter spacing at center line, in. (mm)
Tc = crotch thickness of welded-in contour inserts and welding tees, in. (mm)
tn = nominal wall thickness of pipe, in. (mm) (matching pipe
for tees)
tr = reinforcement pad or saddle thickness, in. (mm)

= reducer cone angle, deg.

= mismatch, in. (mm)
= one-half angle between adjacent miter axes, deg.
(2) The flexibility factors k and stress intensification factors i in Table D-l apply to bending in any plane for
fittings and shall in no case be taken less than unity. Both factors apply over the effective arc length (shown by
heavy center lines in the sketches) for curved and miter elbows, and to the intersection point for tees. The values
of k and i can be read directly from Chart D-1 by entering with the characteristic h computed from the formulas
given.
(3) Where flanges are attached to one or both ends, the values of k and i in Table D-1 shall be multiplied by the
factor c given below, which can be read directly from Chart D-2, entering with the computed h: one end flanged,
c = h1/6; both ends flanged, c = h1/3.
(4) The designer is cautioned that cast butt welding elbows may have considerably heavier walls than those of the
pipe with which they are used. Large errors may be introduced unless the effect of these greater thicknesses is
considered.
(5) In large diameter thin-wall elbows and bends, pressure can significantly affect magnitudes of k and i. Values
from the table may be corrected by dividing k by
[ 1 + 6 (P / Ec) (r / tn)7/3 (R / r)1/3 ]
and dividing i by
[ 1 + 3.25 (P / Ec) (r / tn)5/2 (R / r)2/3 ]
(6) Also includes single miter joints.
(7) If rx Dob/8 and Tc 1.5tn , a flexibility characteristic, h, of 4.4tn/r may be used.
(8) When tr > 1.5tn , h = 4.05tn / r.
(9) The stress intensification factors in the Table were obtained from tests on full size outlet connections. For less
than full size outlets, the full size values should be used until more applicable values are developed.

(10) The equation applies only if the following conditions are met:
(a) The reinforcement area requirements of para. 104.3 are met.
(b) The axis of the branch pipe is normal to the surface of run pipe wall.
(c) For branch connections in a pipe, the arc distance measured between the centers of adjacent
branches along the surface of the run pipe is not less than three times the sum of their inside radii in the
longitudinal direction or is not less than two times the sum of their radii along the circumference of the
run pipe.
(d) The inside corner radius r1 (see Fig. D-l) is between 10% and 50% of tnh .
(e) The outer radius r2 (see Fig. D-l) is not less than the larger of Tb/2, ( Tb + y)/2 [shown in Fig. D-1
sketch (c)], or tnh/2.
(f) The outer radius r3 (see Fig. D-l) is not less than the larger of:
(1) 0.002do ;
(2) 2(sin )3 times the offset for the configurations shown in Fig. D-1 sketches (a) and (b).
(g) Rm/tnh 50 and r'm * tm/Rm 0.5.
(11) The stress intensification factors apply to girth butt welds between two items for which the wall thicknesses
are between 0.875t and 1.10t for an axial distance of (Dot)0.5. Do and t are nominal outside diameter and nominal
wall thickness, respectively. avg is the average mismatch or offset.
(12) For welds to socket welded fittings, the stress intensification factor is based on the assumption that the pipe
and fitting are matched in accordance with ASME B16.11 and a full weld is made between the pipe and fitting as
shown in Fig. 127.4.4(C). For welds to socket welding flanges, the stress intensificatin factor is based on the weld
geometry shown in Fig. 127.4.4(B) and has been shown to envelop the results of the pipe to socket welded fitting
tests. Blending the toe of the fillet weld, with no undercut, smoothly into the pipe wall, as shown in the concave
fillet welds in Fig. 127.4.4(A) sketches (b) and (d), has been shown to improve the fatigue performance of the
weld.
(13) The equation applies only if the following conditions are met:
(a) Cone angle does not exceed 60 deg., and the reducer is concentric.
(b) The larger of D1/ t1 and D2/ t2 does not exceed 100.
(c) The wall thickness is not less than t1 throughout the body of the reducer, except in and immediately
adjacent to the cylindrical portion on the small end, where the thickness shall not be less than t2.
(14) Factors shown apply to bending; flexibility factor for torsion equals 0.9.

For consistency, use kPa and mm for SI metric, and psi and in. for US customary notation.

FLEXIBILITY AND STRESS INTENSIFICATION FACTORS

ASME B31.1 Table D-1 & B31.3 Table D-300
Sketches
T

r2

r2

R1
s

R1 = s cot / 2

r2

r2

R1 = r2 ( 1 + cot )/ 2

r2

Tc

rx

r2

Tr
Saddle

Tr
Pad

r2

r2

rx

Tc

rx

Tc
r2

The sketches below are shown in ASME B31.1, Table D-1. They can be applied with B31.3.
Tb

Tb
Db

tnb

Branch pipe

tnb
r3

Db

n<= 45 deg.
r'm

r'm
Offset

L1

Branch pipe
r3
n = 90 deg.
Offset

L1

ri

ri
rp

r2

rp
r1

r2
r1

tnh

Rm

Rm

Do

(a)

(b)
Tb = tnb + 0.667 y

tnb

tnb = Tb

Branch pipe
r3

Db
r'm

Db

r'm

L1
ri

ri

r2

rp
r1

Branch

rp

n <= 45 deg.

r2
r1

tnh
y

Rm

Rm

Do

(c)

(d)

t1

D1

tnh

t2
D2

ed with B31.3.

Branch pipe

L1

L1

tnh
Do

Branch

tnh
Do

Unit
PSIG
KSI

Value
1
0.001

Value
14.223343
0.014223343

kg(force)/cm2
Pa
kPa
MPa
atm
bar-G

0.070306959
6894.757
6.894757
0.006894757
0.068046
0.0689476

1
98066.493
98.066493
0.098066493
0.967841
0.980665

mm of Hg (oC)

51.7149

735.559

More Units Conversions

To user: Get your free copy of the Convert.exe program from http://www.joshmadison.com/software/ .
Convert.exe is not delivered with this template.

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Tables are used by drop-down selection boxes and are referred by lookup formulas.
Be careful when making changes.
Units Conversion

US & SI

SIF Dropdown Function

factor

25.4

Link Cell

Elbow Do

22

Elbow Tn

Closely Spaced Miter, Do

19

Closely Spaced Miter, Tn

link

Pipe schedules:

List
Index

Pipe Dimensions:

List
Sch/Wall

1 Select dimensions set.

Index
1

Select a pipe size

2 Sch 5S per ASME B36.19M

5S

2 NPS 1/2 (DN 12.5)

3 Sch 5 per ASME B36.10M

3 NPS 3/4 (DN 18.7)

Single or Widely Spaced Miter, Do

17

4 Sch 10S per ASME B36.19M

10S

4 NPS 1 (DN 25)

Single or Widely Spaced Miter, Tn

27

5 Sch 10 per ASME B36.10M

10

5 NPS 1 1/4 (DN 31.7)

Welding Tee per B16.9, Run Pipe, Do

10

6 Sch 20 per ASME B36.10M

20

6 NPS 1 1/2 (DN 37.5)

Welding Tee per B16.9, Tn

10

7 Sch 30 per ASME B36.10M

30

7 NPS 2 (DN 50)

8 Sch 40S per ASME B36.19M

40S

8 NPS 2 1/2 (DN 62.5)

Welding Tee per B16.9, Branch Pipe, Db

Reinforced Fabricated Tee, Do

19

9 Std Wt per ASME B36.10M

Std Wt

9 NPS 3 (DN 75)

Reinforced Fabricated Tee, Tn

22

10 Sch 40 per ASME B36.10M

40

10 NPS 4 (DN 100)

Unreinforced Fabricated Tee, Do

17

11 Sch 60 per ASME B36.10M

60

11 NPS 5 (DN 125)

Unreinforced Fabricated Tee, Tn

22

12 Sch 80S per ASME B36.19M

80S

12 NPS 6 (DN 150)

Extruded Outlet Tee, Run Pipe Do

15

13 Sch XS per ASME B36.10M

XS

13 NPS 8 (DN 200)

Extruded Outlet Tee, Run Pipe Tn

14 Sch 80 per ASME B36.10M

80

14 NPS 10 (DN 250)

Extruded Outlet Tee, Branch Pipe Db

12

15 Sch 100 per ASME B36.10M

100

15 NPS 12 (DN 300)

Welded-In Contour Insert, Run Pipe Do

21

16 Sch 120 per ASME B36.10M

120

16 NPS 14 (DN 350)

Welded-In Contour Insert, Pipe Tn

25

17 Sch 140 per ASME B36.10M

140

17 NPS 16 (DN 400)

Welded-In Contour Insert, Branch Pipe Do

17

18 Sch 160 per ASME B36.10M

160

18 NPS 18 (DN 450)

Branch Welded-On Fitting, Do

15

19 Sch XXS per ASME B36.10M

XXS

19 NPS 20 (DN 500)

20 1/8" Thk

1/8"

20 NPS 24 (DN 600)

21 3/16" Thk

3/16"

21 NPS 26 (DN 650)

Branch Welded-On Fitting, Tn

B16.9 Concentric Reducer B31.1, Do1

13

B16.9 Concentric Reducer B31.1, Do2

22 1/4" Thk

1/4"

22 NPS 28 (DN 700)

B16.9 Concentric Reducer B31.1, Tn1

23 5/16" Thk

5/16"

23 NPS 30 (DN 750)

B16.9 Concentric Reducer B31.1, Tn2

24 3/8" Thk

3/8"

24 NPS 32 (DN 800)

25 7/16" Thk

7/16"

25 NPS 34 (DN 850)

26 1/2" Thk

1/2"

26 NPS 36 (DN 900)

27 5/8" Thk

5/8"

27 NPS 42 (DN 1050)

28 3/4" Thk

3/4"

28 NPS 46 (DN 1150)

29 7/8" Thk

7/8"

29 NPS 48 (DN 1200)

30 1" Thk

1"

31 1 1/8" Thk

1 1/8"

32 1 1/4" Thk

1 1/4"

33 1 3/8" Thk

1 3/8"

34 1 1/2" Thk

1 1/2"

35 1 5/8" Thk

1 5/8"

36 1 3/4" Thk

1 3/4"

37 1 7/8" Thk
38 2" Thk

1 7/8"
2"

39 2 1/8" Thk

2 1/8"

40 2 1/4" Thk

2 1/4"

41 2 3/8" Thk

2 3/8"

42 2 1/2" Thk

2 1/2"

RANGE NAMES LOCATION

atm
kPa
L_c
L_u
mm_Hg_oC
MPa_
Pa
PipeDim
PipeWall
psi

=Units!$D$13
=Units!$D$11
=Tables!$D$6
=Tables!$E$6
=Units!$D$15
=Units!$D$12
=Units!$D$10
=Tables!$J$11:$BC$39
=Tables!$F$11:$H$52
=Units!$D$7

Inch
Do
0.840
1.050

Inch
LR

Inch
SR

Thickness, Inch
5S

10S

N/A

0.065

0.065

0.083

0.083 N/A

N/A

0.109

0.109

1.125 N/A

0.065

0.065

0.083

0.083 N/A

N/A

0.113

0.113

0.133

0.133

N/A

10

20

30

40S

Std Wt

40

60

80S

XS

80

100

120

140

160

0.109 N/A

0.147

0.147

0.147 N/A

N/A

N/A

0.188

0.113 N/A

0.154

0.154

0.154 N/A

N/A

N/A

0.219

0.133 N/A

0.179

0.179

0.179 N/A

N/A

N/A

0.25

1.315

1.5

0.065

0.065

0.109

0.109 N/A

N/A

1.660

1.875

1.25

0.065

0.065

0.109

0.109 N/A

N/A

0.14

0.14

0.14 N/A

0.191

0.191

0.191 N/A

N/A

N/A

0.25

1.900

2.25

1.5

0.065

0.065

0.109

0.109 N/A

N/A

0.145

0.145

0.145 N/A

0.2

0.2

0.2 N/A

N/A

N/A

0.281

2.375

0.065

0.065

0.109

0.109 N/A

N/A

0.154

0.154

0.154 N/A

0.218

0.218

0.218 N/A

N/A

N/A

0.344

2.875

3.75

2.5

0.083

0.083

0.12

0.12 N/A

N/A

0.203

0.203

0.203 N/A

0.276

0.276

0.276 N/A

N/A

N/A

0.375

3.500

4.5

0.083

0.083

0.12

0.12 N/A

N/A

0.216

0.216

0.216 N/A

N/A

4.500

0.083

0.083

0.12

0.12 N/A

N/A

0.237

0.237

0.237

5.563

7.5

0.109

0.109

0.134

0.134 N/A

N/A

0.258

0.258

6.625

0.109

0.109

0.134

0.134 N/A

N/A

0.28

0.28

8.625

12

0.109

0.109

0.148

0.148

0.25

0.277

0.322

0.322

0.322

10.75

15

10

0.134

0.134

0.165

0.165

0.25

0.307

0.365

0.365

12.75

18

12

0.156

0.165

0.18

0.18

0.25

0.33

0.375

0.375

14.00

21

14

0.156 N/A

0.188

0.25

0.312

0.375

0.375

16.00

24

16

0.165 N/A

0.188

0.25

0.312

0.375

0.375

18.00

27

18

0.165 N/A

0.188

0.25

0.312

0.437

20.00

30

20

0.188 N/A

0.218

0.25

0.375

0.5

24.00

36

24

0.218 N/A

0.25

0.375

0.562

26.00

39

26 N/A

N/A

N/A

0.312

0.5 N/A

28.00

42

28 N/A

N/A

N/A

0.312

0.5

30.00

45

30

0.312

32.00

48

32 N/A

N/A

N/A

0.312

34.00

51

34 N/A

N/A

N/A

0.312

36.00

54

36 N/A

N/A

N/A

0.312 N/A

42.00

63

42 N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

46.00

69

46 N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

48.00

72

48 N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.25 N/A

0.25

0.312

0.3

0.3

0.3 N/A

0.337

0.337

0.337 N/A

0.258 N/A

0.375

0.375

0.28 N/A

0.432

0.432

0.406

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.365

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.406

0.562

0.5

0.5

0.375

0.437

0.593

0.5

0.375

0.5

0.656

0.5

0.375

0.375

0.562

0.75

0.375

0.375

0.593

0.812

0.375

0.375

0.687

0.968

0.375

0.375 N/A

N/A

0.625

0.375

0.375 N/A

N/A

0.5

0.625

0.375

0.375 N/A

N/A

0.5

0.625

0.375

0.375

0.688 N/A

0.5

0.625

0.375

0.375

0.688 N/A

0.625

0.375

0.375

0.75 N/A

0.281

N/A

0.438

0.437 N/A

0.531

0.375 N/A

0.5 N/A

0.625

0.432 N/A

0.562 N/A

0.719

0.593

0.718

0.812

0.906

0.594

0.718

0.843

1.125

0.688

0.843

1.125

1.312

0.5

0.75

0.937

1.093

1.25

1.406

0.5

0.844

1.031

1.218

1.437

1.594

0.5

0.5

0.938

1.156

1.375

1.562

1.781

0.5

0.5

1.031

1.28

1.5

1.75

1.969

0.5

0.5

1.219

0.5

0.5 N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.5

0.5 N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.5

0.5 N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

1.531

1.812

2.062

2.344

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.5 N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.5

XXS

1/8"

3/16"

1/4"

5/16"

3/8"

7/16"

1/2"

5/8"

3/4"

7/8"

1"

1 1/8"

1 1/4"

1 3/8"

1 1/2"

1 5/8"

1 3/4"

1 7/8"

2"

2 1/8"

0.294 N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A N/A

0.308 N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A N/A

0.358 N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A N/A

0.382 N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A N/A

0.4 N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A N/A

0.436 N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A N/A

0.552 N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.6

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1 N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A N/A

0.674

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5 N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A N/A

0.75

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5 N/A

0.864

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5

1.625

1.75

1.875

2.125

0.875

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5

1.625

1.75

1.875

2.125

N/A

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5

1.625

1.75

1.875

2.125

N/A

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5

1.625

1.75

1.875

2.125

N/A

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5

1.625

1.75

1.875

2.125

N/A

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5

1.625

1.75

1.875

2.125

N/A

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5

1.625

1.75

1.875

2.125

N/A

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5

1.625

1.75

1.875

2.125

N/A

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5

1.625

1.75

1.875

2.125

N/A

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5

1.625

1.75

1.875

2.125

N/A

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5

1.625

1.75

1.875

2.125

N/A

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5

1.625

1.75

1.875

2.125

N/A

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5

1.625

1.75

1.875

2.125

N/A

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5

1.625

1.75

1.875

2.125

N/A

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5

1.625

1.75

1.875

2.125

N/A

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5

1.625

1.75

1.875

2.125

N/A

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5

1.625

1.75

1.875

2.125

N/A

0.125

0.1875

0.25

0.3125

0.375

0.4375

0.5

0.625

0.75

0.875

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5

1.625

1.75

1.875

2.125

2 1/4"

2 3/8"

2 1/2"

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.840

N/A

N/A

N/A

1.050

N/A

N/A

N/A

1.315

N/A

N/A

N/A

1.660

N/A

N/A

N/A

1.900

N/A

N/A

N/A

2.375

N/A

N/A

N/A

2.875

N/A

N/A

N/A

3.500

N/A

N/A

N/A

4.500

N/A

N/A

N/A

5.563

2.25

2.375

2.5

6.625

2.25

2.375

2.5

8.625

2.25

2.375

2.5

10.75

2.25

2.375

2.5

12.75

2.25

2.375

2.5

14.00

2.25

2.375

2.5

16.00

2.25

2.375

2.5

18.00

2.25

2.375

2.5

20.00

2.25

2.375

2.5

24.00

2.25

2.375

2.5

26.00

2.25

2.375

2.5

28.00

2.25

2.375

2.5

30.00

2.25

2.375

2.5

32.00

2.25

2.375

2.5

34.00

2.25

2.375

2.5

36.00

2.25

2.375

2.5

42.00

2.25

2.375

2.5

46.00

2.25

2.375

2.5

48.00

7/3/2002

Revisions:
Updated per ASME B31.3-2002
Added pressure affect on bends
Changed welding tee and welded-in contour insert formulas for "h" and per Note (11)
Added choice of units: US customary (inch & psi) or SI (mm and kPa)

11/24/2004

Added macros for hiding/ unhiding certain worksheets, and changing protections.

4/9/2005

Changed introduction to a dialog box.

9/27/2005

Changed Note 11 in B31.3 Notes sheet per B31.3-2004 version. Changed formatting.

2/6/2008
2/16/2008

Added code to unload userform before close.

Changed SIF table notes for B31.1-2007. Changed print macros.