Title

How does black

hair reflect
black history?

Credibility of
author/organization
using an appositive
rhetorical situation
w/intended
audience.
BBC News is an
operational business
division of the
British Broadcasting
Corporation
responsible for the
gathering and
broadcasting of
news and current
affairs. The
department is the
world's largest
broadcast news
organization.

Summary: two, three

meaty sentences
written objectively.

Does this voice

agree/disagree with
others?

Black hair has been an

integral feature of
black history - from
African tribal styles to
dreadlocks and the
afro. As an exhibition
in Liverpool
investigates the
significance of hair in
black culture, BBC
News takes a look at
some of the key styles.

This article for the

most part voice the
opinion of the
majority. The
conversation being
had on this topic id
conducive with the
nature of the article.
This particular
article is a one that
based a little more
on factual evidence
rather than a lot of
my sources are
opinionated.

Great quote
with
appropriate
signal phrase
(see TSIS pp.
39-40)..
"Just about
everything
about a
person's
identity could
be learned by
looking at the
hair," says
journalist Lori
Tharps, who
co-wrote the
book Hair
Story about the
history of
black hair.

My
Analysis/thoughtscan be more casual.

This is an
interesting
perspective because
this article is from
Liverpool and gives
the perspective of
not just African
American. This also
shows how this
situation of hair and
identity isnt just
isolated and
specific to an
American issue but
a worldwide
phenomenon.

2) Hair Matter:
Beauty, Power,
and Black
Womens
Consciousness.
New York:
NYU Press,
2000.

Ingrid Banks,
Associate Professor
of Black Studies,
received her Ph.D. in
Comparative Ethnic
Studies from the
University Of
California at
Berkeley. Her main
research area is in
African American
Studies focused
around race, gender
and culture. Her
research and
teaching areas also
examine beauty
culture, black
popular culture,
black feminist
theory, politics of
the body, critical
race theory

In this study Ingrid

Banks conducted
interviews with sixtyone black girls and
women between 1996
and 1998 to discussed
hair matters with their
friends. Bank argues
that 'hair shapes black
women's ideas about
race, gender, class,
sexuality, images of
beauty, and power

Banks argues that

hair is an issue for
many African
American women,
but the responses of
the women
interviewed
suggested that it is
not the whole issue.
Instead its the
millions of dollars
spent on hair
products by black
women in the US.

By the early
part of the
twentieth
century,
African
Americans
began
associating
hairstyles with
their ability to
achieve
economic
success in a
segregated
society

Banks bring the

conversation about
hair to a
psychological level.
This particular
source could help
me make the
connection of hair
and the power it
hold mentally over
our black women

3) Amandla
Stenberg: Dont
Cash Crop On
My CornrowsYoutube Video

Amandla Stenberg,
only 18 years old, is
an American actress.
She is best known
for her portrayal of
young Cataleya in
Colombiana and Rue
in The Hunger
Games. The British
publication Dazed
magazine named
Stenberg "one of the
most incendiary
voices of her
generation" when it
featured her. She has
also spoken publicly
on social media
about cultural
appropriation,
including her video
"Don't Cash Crop
My Cornrows.

Stenberg and a
classmate created this
video for their history
class project which
she later shared on
Tumblr, A popular
social media website.
In this video she
talked about black
culture and its
appropriation by mass
media. In particular
black hair. History of
black hairstyles and
hip-hop, and how it
merger with
mainstream music is
also discussed.
Stenberg makes it a
point to mention
celebrities who she
feel represent this
appropriation in pop
culture today. Her
comments about this
topic and the
celebrities mention
obviously caused a lot
of controversy.

You can almost call

Amandla Stenbergs
video an unpopular
opinion.
Naturally the
African American
community and
black communities
alike agreed with her
point of view. But
there was a number
of back lash with
lots of people not
believing that
appropriation exist.

Amandla
explains how
Appropriation
occurs when a
style leads to
racist
generalizations
or stereotypes
where it
originated but
is deemed as
high-fashion,
cool or funny
when the
privileged take
it for
themselves,

I watched this video

when it first
surfaced when both
me and
Amandla Stenberg
were both 16. This
is one of the things
that sparked an
interest in being
more culturally
aware and
knowledgeable
about the topics of
such.

4)Hey Girl, Am
I More than My
Hair?: African
American
Women and
Their Struggles
with Beauty,
Body Image,
and Hair NWSA
Journal
Volume 18,
Number 2,
Summer 2006

Dr. Tracey Owens

Patton is Director of
African American &
Diaspora Studies as
well as a Professor
of Communication
in the Department of
Communication and
Journalism at The
University of
Wyoming. She
earned her Ph.D. in
Communication at
the University of
Utah. Her area of
specialization is
critical cultural
communication,
rhetorical studies,
and transnational
studies. Her work is
strongly influenced
by critical theory,
cultural studies,
womanist theory,
and rhetorical
theory.

This article examines

the effect of the White
standard of beauty
upon African
American women. By
shedding light on the
salience of the effects
of beauty, body image,
and hair, this article
questions societal
definitions of beauty.
Adherence to the Euro
American beauty
standard has had, and
continues to have,
devastating effects
upon African
American women

In General, Dr.
Owens opinion and
observation of the
black hair and the
role it plays in the
community is
similar to a lot of
other African
American Scholars.
The lack a position
might be due to the
fact that a lot of the
conversation being
had about this topic
is one-sided.

Throughout
history and to
present day,
African
American
women have
challenged
White
definitions of
beauty. What
or who is
considered
beautiful varies
among
cultures. What
remains
consistent is
that many
notions of
beauty are
rooted in
hegemonically
defined
expectations.

While researching I
have seen this
particular article
cited in almost
every related topic I
have looked up. All
though this is
directed toward
black women I feel
like this is one of
the more relatable
sources I have
found, considering
the fact that it
discuss the harsh
effect of body
imaging.

5) Black beauty:
Shade, hair and
anti-racist
aesthetics
Published
online 2007

As a Cultural
Sociologist, Shirley
Tates researcher
include interest in
gender, critical
race, queer, within
an overall focus on
Black Atlantic
diaspora studies and
emerging
identifications.
Currently she
teaches on Race,
Identity and Culture
in the Black Atlantic
at the University of
Leeds

This article focuses on

black beauty by
looking through how
the discourse of dark
skin equals black
beauty is destabilized
in the talk of mixed
race black women.
The ideas of blacks
used aesthetically is
also discussed. In
general a lot of
attention is paid to
colorism and shade
difference and what
effects that might have
a multitude of African
American Women

Shirley Tates
opinion stated in her
article can also can
be described as an
unpopular opinion
considering the fact
that she gives an
unheard perceptive
of black beauty
standards from the
perspective of a
mixed/lighter skin
African American.
This particular
rhetoric situation is
unexplored by many
of the other sources.
Her ideas and
thoughts arent
fundamentally
different than other
scholars having this
conversation.

Dark skin
shade and
natural afrohair are central
in the politics
of visibility,
inclusion and
exclusion
within black
anti-racist
aesthetics

This source is
particular important
because of the
attention it pays to
colorism. I feel like
it will help me
emphasize the idea
that Black women
are differ in their
experience with this
topic. Because there
is so may shades of
black and textures
of black hair every
black girl
experiences it
differently that this
isnt a one size fit
all kind of problem.
It dynamic in nature
and mot be
approached that
way.

6) When Black
Hair Is Against
the Rules
Opinions Page
of the NewYork
Times
Published 2014

Ayana Byrd and Lori

L. Tharps
Ayana Byrd, an
American Journalist
graduated from
Barnard College.
Her first job was at
Vibe magazine
covering celebrities
and pop culture.
Later she worked for
Rolling Stone,
Essence, LUomo
Vogue, Glamour and
other magazines.
Hair Story:
Untangling the
Roots of Black Hair
in America (St.
Martins Press,
2001) was written
with Lori Tharps and
is a social history on
all things AfricanAmerican and hair.

This particular article

discuss the stigma
around black hair and
how black women
seem to be targeted for
wearing their natural
hair in everyday lives.
Giving examples like
the military dress code
which seems to
discriminate against
African American hair
and hairstyles. Schools
as well are being
accused of
discriminating against
African American
females in trying to
alter their appearance
through social
normality

This article
expresses a concern
that many
African American
females have had for
generations. Like I
said before the
conversations being
had about this topic
is limited to minority
of people which
makes opposition on
this topic
nonexistent. The
back lash if any
would be directed in
the idea that hair is
just hair and that
black women are
blowing this concept
of hair out of portion
.But a small few
actually have voiced
this opinion.

If a person
doesnt have
black hair, isnt
married to
someone with
black hair or
isnt raising a
child with
black hair, this
issue may
seem like a
whole lot of
something
about nothing.
But what these
women are
demanding is a
policy that
reflects a basic
understanding
of black hair.

Lori Tharps was a

source cited in the
first article I came
across by BBC
news outlet. I
thought it was
interesting and
reassuring how
frequently her name
popped up while
people indulged in
this conversation
about black hair. A
book was also
frequently referred
to that was written
by both Ayana Byrd
and Lori Tharps on
this topic.

From the
Kitchen to the
Parlor:
Language and
Becoming in
African
American
Women's Hair
Care
Oxford; New
York: Oxford
University
Press, 2006.

Lanita Jacobs, an
Associate Professor
of Anthropology and
American Studies
and Ethnicity,
received her Ph.D.
and M.A, Linguistic
Anthropology, with
a
B.A in Issues in
Urban Poverty and
Public Policy from
the University of
California, LA. Her
research is specific
in the fields of
Language, Identity,
and Culture, Gender,
Race, Performance,
and Popular Culture

Jacobs documents the

politics of African
American women's
hair, while exploring
everyday interaction in
beauty parlors,
Internet discussions,
comedy clubs, and
other contexts to
illuminate how and
why hair matters in
African American
women's lives. It
draws inspiration from
early scholarship on
both black and white
women's language use.

In this book Lanita

Jacobs does a great
job reiterating some
of the points
discussed in similar
articles. One major
difference that
allows this book to
be a good resources
is the perceptive on
influence that is
addressed in this
book.

Hair it may
seem like a
mundane
subject, but it
has profound
implications
for how
African
American
women
experience the
world.
Historically
black womens
tight curled
hair texture has
presented an
array of
challenges.

Hair Care is an
important aspect
that I wish to
discuss in the paper.
It to me plays an
important role in
the process of black
hair. Upkeep is the
single most
important thing to
back women when
it comes to hair.
Lanita Jacobs
exploration of this
interaction that
black women have
with their hair bring
a familiar voice
with a different
perceptive to my
paper