MRF-15026

CAE SUBMITTAL

PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS

OF
SANITARY AND WASTE WATER
RISERS
WORLD CREST TOWER, MUMBAI, LODHA
GROUP

Revision History
Description

Rev
00

Reporting of Results

Date
11/03/16

Prepared by

Checked by

Jeeshan Ali

Sandeep Bhatia

Mecharts International FZC, P.O. Box 125396, Dubai, UAE, Phone: +971509106123; Fax: +97144342136

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Stress Analysis Report

MRF-15026

Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary ..................................................................................... - 3 2. Data Used ................................................................................................... - 9 2.1 Technical Data ........................................................................................ - 9 2.2 Material Properties .................................................................................. - 9 2.3 Pipe Content Weight ................................................................................ - 9 3. Equivalent Static Seismic Design Load (UBC-97) ............................................ - 10 4. Stress Formulations ................................................................................... - 11 5. Boundary Condition.................................................................................... - 17 6. Results & Discussions ................................................................................. - 18 7. Design Modifications .................................................................................. - 21 8. Conclusions ............................................................................................... - 25 -

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Stress Analysis Report

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1. Executive Summary
The following analysis is performed to study the stresses and deflections in sanitary and
waste water risers of World Crest Tower. There are four systems of risers in building named
tank drain, vent, sanitary and waste water. Sanitary and waste water risers are grouped
according to their sizes and length in building. Table below shows the details of typical
sanitary and waste water risers in building.
Typical
Riser Group

System

Level

Dia.
(mm)

Length (m)

R-1

Tank Drain

Level-8 to Floor-22

100

46

R-2

Sanitary/Waste water

Level-8 to Floor-36

150

94.5

R-3

Vent

Podium Level-3 to Floor-60

150

196

Sanitary/Waste
water/Vent
Sanitary/Waste
water/Vent

Level-8 to Floor-36,
Floor-30 to Floor-60
Level-8 to Floor-36,
Floor-30 to Floor-60

80

94.5

100

94.5

R-4
R-5

Various combinations of loading on the pipeline are provided which includes:

Dead load

Pressure Load

Thermal Load

Seismic Load

Combination of dead loads, pressure loads and thermal loads as an operational case.

Combination of dead loads, pressure loads and seismic loads as an occasional case.
These combinations of loads were analyzed using the pipe stress analysis software Bentley
AutoPipe. The pipeline has generic pipeline components like guide support, anchors,
expansion joints, elbows, valves etc. The information of the component locations were
determined from the given AutoCAD drawings.
The components are appropriately modeled accounting for their weights and stiffness.
Stress analyses of following models are discussed in this report.
Model 1: R-1 tank drain risers network
Model 2: R-2 sanitary and waste water risers network
Model 3: R-3 sanitary vent and waste water vent risers network
Model 4: R-4 sanitary, waste water and vent risers network
Model 5: R-5 sanitary, waste water and vent risers network
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The figures below represent the typical layouts of the sanitary and waste water risers in Auto
Pipe.

Figure 1 General Layout:- R-1 Tank Drain Risers Network

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Figure 2 General Layout:- R-2 Sanitary and Waste Water Risers Network

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Figure 3 General Layout:- R-3 Sanitary Vent and Waste Water Vent Risers Network

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Figure 4 General Layout:- R-4 Sanitary, Waste Water and Vent Risers Network

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Figure 5 General Layout:- R-5 Sanitary, Waste Water and Vent Risers Network

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2. Data Used
2.1 Technical Data

Operating Pressure : 4.3 bar

Operating Temperature:


Maximum operating temperature : 35.3oC

Minimum operating temperature : 16.5oC

Stress Analysis: Standard ASME B-31.1, Edition 2014.

Material: Sanitary and waste water Risers: Polypropylene (PP) Pipes

Material Properties:


Thermal coefficient of linear expansion= 150xE-06 (m/m K)

Yield Strength=31 MPa

Poissons Ratio=0.45

Density=900 (kg/m3)

Young Modulus=1300 MPa

2.2 Material Properties

Nominal Diameter

Thickness (mm)

DN 50

DN 80

DN 100

4.2

DN 150

6.2

2.3 Pipe Content Weight

Pipe Content Density

1000Kg/m3 (Water)

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3. Equivalent Static Seismic Design Load (UBC-97)

The 1997 UBC specifies a design lateral force Fp for nonstructural components as:

I 3h
FP = aP Ca P 1 + x WP
RP
hr

But, Fp need not be greater than

FP = 4C a I PW P
Nor less than
FP = 0.7C a I PW P
The vertical acceleration is calculated as
FPv = 0.5C a I PW P
Where,
ap = component amplification factor;
Ca = seismic coefficient determined based on seismic zone;
Rp = component response modification factor;
Ip = component importance factor;

3h
1 + x

h
r

= height amplification factor where hx is height of attachment in structure and h is

r

average height of roof above grade. The value of hx 0 and hx /hr need not exceed 1;
Wp = mass of equipment in kilograms times standard acceleration of gravity. (9.807 m/s2)
Value of ap and Rp is selected as per ASCE 7-05 table 13.6.

Code

UBC1997
Ca =
hx/hr =
ap =

0.36 For Zone 3 Mumbai

1
1

Ip =

Rp =

Horzontal G (Fp)
Maximum Vertical G (Fpv)

0.48
1.18

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4. Stress Formulations
Based on the applied loading conditions and inputs, the software calculated the stresses
sustained by the pipeline in its present configuration. These stresses are described as:

4.1 Hoop Stress:

H =

P
((Do (t ca )) 0.4)

Where,
P = Design Pressure
Do = Pipe outside diameter
t = Pipe wall thickness
ca = Corrosion allowance

4.2 Longitudinal Stress:

(ii M i )2 + (io M o )2 (Fa + Pa )

+
Z

Ac

Where:
Z = Section modulus or effective section modulus
ii = In-plane stress intensification factor
Mi = In-plane moment
io = Out-of-plane stress intensification factor
Mo = Out-of plane moment
Fa = Axial force
Pa = Axial force from internal pressure = S{ P[Do - 2(t-ca) ]2 } / 4
Ac = Corroded cross-sectional area = S{ Do2 - P - [Do - 2(t-ca) ]2 } / 4

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4.3 Secondary Shear Stress:

SH

H
= L
2

1/ 2

M a
+

2 Z
2

4.4 Principal stress:

L + H
P =
+ SH
2
4.5 Maximum shear stress:

P
S =
2
Where,
MA = resultant moment loading on cross section from weight and other sustained
loads; this is a vector summation of both bending and torsional moments.
L = sum of the longitudinal stresses from pressure, weight, and other sustained loads.
4.6 Combined Stresses

C = 2 + S2
Or,

C = X2 + S2
Where:
c is the combined stress (in MPa);
is the circumferential stress (in MPa);
x is the longitudinal stress (in MPa);
s is the torsional stress (in MPa).
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4.7 Circumferential Stress

= p + b
Where:
p is the circumferential pressure stress
b is the circumferential bending stress

4.8 Circumferential Pressure Stress

mp (Di + t d )
=
20t d

Where,
m is pressure stress multiplier
p is the internal pressure (gauge) (in bar)
Di is the internal diameter (in mm)
td is the design thickness of the reference laminate (in mm).
4.9 Circumferential bending stress

For straight pipes

b = 0

For bends

Di + 2t d
=
(Mi SIFi ) 2 + (M o SIFo ) 2
2I

Where:
Mi is the maximum in-plane bending moment (in N-mm)
Mo is the maximum out-of-plane bending moment (in N-mm)
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SIFi is the circumferential stress intensification factor, in-plane

SIFo is the circumferential stress intensification factor, out-of-plane
I is the second moment of area about an axis through the centroid normal to the axis of the
pipe (in mm4)
Di is the internal diameter of the fitting (in mm)
td is the design thickness of the reference laminate (in mm).

4.10 Longitudinal stress

X = Xp + Xb
Where:
xp is longitudinal pressure stress
xb is longitudinal bending stress

4.11 Longitudinal pressure stresses

Xp

p (Di + t d )
=
40t d

4.12 Longitudinal bending stresses

For straight pipe

Xb

D i + 2t d
=
(M i ) 2 + (M o ) 2
2I

For bends

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Xb

Stress Analysis Report

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Di + 2t d
=
(M i SIFXi ) 2 + (M o SIFXo ) 2
2I

Where,
P is the internal design pressure (gauge) (in bar);
Di is the internal diameter (in mm);
td is the design thickness of the reference laminate (in mm);
I is the second moment of area about an axis through the centroid normal to the axis of the
pipe (in mm4);
Mi is the maximum in-plane bending moment (in N-mm);
Mo is the maximum out-of-plane bending moment (in N-mm);
SIFxi is the longitudinal stress intensification factor under in-plane bending
SIFxo is the longitudinal stress intensification factor under out-of-plane bending

4.13 Torsional stress

Di + 2t d
S =
MS
4I
Where,
MS is the maximum torsional moment (in N-mm);
Di is the internal diameter (in mm);
td is the design thickness of laminate (in mm);
I is the second moment of area about an axis through the centroid normal to the axis of the
pipes (in mm4).

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4.14 Sustained Longitudinal Loads

PDo 0.75* iMA

L =
+
< 0.1 h
4tn
Z
Where,
Do = outside diameter of pipe
MA = resultant moment loading on cross section from weight and other sustained
loads; this is a vector summation of both bending and torsional moments
P = internal design gage pressure
h = sum of the longitudinal stresses from pressure, weight, and other sustained loads
Z = section modulus
i = stress intensification factor; however, the product of 0.75 and i shall not be taken as less
than 1.0
tn = nominal wall-thickness of pipe

4.15 Limits of calculated stresses from occasional loads

PDo 0.75* iMA 0.75iM B

L =
+
+
< k h
4tn
Z
Z
Where,
MB = resultant moment loading on cross section from occasional loads
k = 1.15 for occasional loads acting for no more than 8 hr at any one time and no more than
800 hr/year; 1.2 for occasional loads acting for no more than 1 hr at any one time and no
more than 80 hr/yr.

The combined stresses obtained from the Software are automatically analyzed against the
allowable stresses for various load combinations as described in ASME B-31.1:2014.
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4.16 Allowable stress

As per ASME B31.1 2014, the allowable stress for expansion stress, SEA, is determined
below. This allowable stress is used for the thermal and displacement case.

EA = f (1.25 c + 0.25 h )
Where:
f = Stress Range Reduction Factor or 1.0 for 7000 cycles or less
c = Basic material allowable stress (cold - 5 C) = 1/3 of design yield stress =10333 kPa
h = Basic material allowable stress (hot - 49 C) = 1/3 of design yield stress=10333 kPa

As per ASME B31.1 2014, the Allowable Stress for sustained loading is determined below.

EA = f (1.25 c + 1.25 h ) L
Where
L = longitudinal stress from sustained loadings

5. Boundary Condition
Guide supports have been used at locations where the risers R-1 to R-5 are restrained
using clamps. These locations are considered at floor slab and between two floors. At
location of guide supports, risers are constrained in all directions except the axial direction.
All branches attached to are placed in the concrete up to inlet point. Rigid anchor have been
considered at these inlet locations

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6. Results & Discussions

The static stress analysis with pressure, temperature and seismic loading are performed to
determine stress, maximum force and displacement produced on sanitary and waste water
risers.
The complete summary of the support forces in the pipeline is given at the end of this report.
Below are the graphics showing the stress ratio for the combined load combination with
Gravity + Pressure + Thermal load cases and Gravity + Pressure + Seismic load cases. The
stress ratio is the ratio of the stress on the pipeline due to these loads to the allowable load.
Stress Ratio = Stress due to loading / Allowable load
The Stresses in sanitary and waste water pipelines due to operating loads (GR+Max P+T1)
and occasional loads (GR+Max P+E) are shown in figures below.

Figure 6 Stress Contours:- R-1 Tank Drain Risers Network

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Figure 7 Stress Contours:- R-2 Sanitary and Waste water Risers Network

Figure 8 Stress Contours:- R-3 Sanitary Vent and Waste water Vent Risers Network
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Figure 9 Stress Contours:- R-4 Sanitary, Waste water and Vent Risers Network

Figure 10 Stress Contours:- R-5 Sanitary, Waste water and Vent Risers Network
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Sustained + T1

Hoop (Max)

(GR +Max P + T1)

(Sustained)
GR+ Max P

(Sustained + Seismic)
GR+ Max P+E

Allowable

Maximum

Allowable

Maximum

Allowable

Maximum

Allowable

Maximum

Stresses

Stresses

Stresses

Stresses

Stresses

Stresses

Stresses

Stresses

(MPa)

(MPa)

(MPa)

(MPa)

(MPa)

(MPa)

(MPa)

(MPa)

R-1

15.49

9.75

10.33

6.51

10.33

4.06

12.40

4.52

R-2

15.49

8.88

10.33

6.50

10.33

3.60

12.40

4.21

R-3

15.49

10.91

10.33

7.11

10.33

8.20

12.40

9.15

R-4

15.49

6.33

10.33

7.11

10.33

5.48

12.40

6.26

R-5

15.49

5.80

10.33

7.11

10.33

5.05

12.40

5.65

7. Design Modifications
Sanitary and waste water risers network were showing high deflection and stresses due to
thermal and seismic load. These deflection and stresses are higher than maximum
allowable values. To minimize these large deflection and stresses in riser, expansion joints
which can take 25mm deflection in axial direction and rigid anchors need to be installed in
rise at alternate floors. Riser clamps (guide supports) are provided at floor slab and between
to floor slab. In case of riser with attached branches at different floors, flexible coupling
which can take 10mm axial deflection need to be installed in the riser at both sides of
branch. Below figures shows the typical layout of flexible coupling, expansion joints, rigid
anchors and guide support on risers. And further to that configuration of different riser is
specified in Table-3. These design modifications are also marked in the drawing attached
with the report.

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RIGID ANCHOR

RISER CLAMP

EXPANSION JOINT

RIGID ANCHOR

Figure 11 General Layout: - Expansion Joints, Rigid Anchors and

Riser Clamps in R-1, R-2 and R-3 risers
(Typical Arrangement)

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RIGID ANCHOR

RISER CLAMP

FLEXIBLE COUPLING

RIGID ANCHOR

Figure 12 General Layout: - Flexible Couplings, Rigid Anchors and

Riser Clamps in R-4 and R-5 risers
(Typical Arrangement)

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Table-1: Maximum Forces and moments at rigid anchors in different sanitary and waste water risers
Forces (N)

Riser Group

Moment (N-m)

Fx

Fy

Fz

Mx

My

Mz

R-1

449

2112

84

20

23

113

R-2

943

2780

183

65

58

321

R-3

1579

3333

280

24

52

460

R-4

105

1123

71

42

12

22

R-5

157

1401

114

39

15

32

Fy are the forces in vertical direction

Table-2: Maximum Forces at risers clamps in different sanitary and waste water risers
Forces (N)

Riser Group

Fx

Fy

Fz

R-1

219

99

R-2

440

244

R-3

567

209

R-4

114

80

R-5

180

123

Fy are the forces in vertical direction

It should be ensured that standard arrangement of rigid anchors and guide supports should be capable
taking loads as mentioned in table above
Table-3: Summary of rigid anchor and expansion joints in different sanitary and waste water risers
Riser Group

Dia. (mm)

Rigid Anchor

R-1

100

R-2

Expansion Joint
Qty.

Type

Alternating Floors

Expansion Joint of 25 mm deflection capacity

between two floors

150

Alternating Floors

Expansion Joint of 25 mm deflection capacity

between two floors

R-3

150

Alternating Floors

Expansion Joint of 25 mm deflection capacity

between two floors

R-4

80

Alternating Floors

Flexible Coupling of 10 mm deflection

capacity between two floors

R-5

100

Alternating Floors

Flexible Coupling of 10 mm deflection

capacity between two floors

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8. Conclusions
The pipe stress analysis of supply lines for risers R-1 to R-5 has been performed. Rigid
anchors at each alternate floor are used to restraint the risers in all directions. Expansion
joints and flexible coupling are used to take axial movement in the risers at different
locations as explained in section 7. These anchors, expansion joints and coupling are
sufficient to minimize the stress and deflections in the risers. It can be seen from the results
obtained from the pipe stress analysis that the stresses and deflections at all locations for
the pressure, thermal loadings and seismic loadings are below allowable limits in the
models.
Expansion joints and rigid anchors are shown in drawings attached with the report.

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