Hannah Bell

Literature Review
Sources

1) http://www.psychologyandsociety.org/__assets/__original/2012/01/Hyland_et_al.pdf
Summary: Many psychologists or people in his life thought something was
mentally wrong with him (Carl Jung, Erich Fromm, Calvin Coolidge). He had an
abusive father but loved his mother deeply. His childhood may have affected his
psychological and mental development.
Quotes:
As stated by Aaron T. Beck (1999) in his cognitive account of the
atrocities of the Holocaust, the assignment of the label evil to explain
the actions of the Nazis and their supporters does little to further the
understanding of their thinking and behaviour (Coolidge, Fromm, Jung,
176)
2) Source: Corrado, Raymond R. "Youth Violence: Risk and Protective Factors." Multiproblem Violent Youth: A Foundation for Comparative Research on Needs, Interventions,
and Outcomes. 1st ed. Vol. 324. Amsterdam: IOS, 2002. 5-9. Print. Life and Behavioural
Sciences.
Summary: Three individual factors that affect aggression: biological, cognitive,
and temperamental and emotional regulation. Immediate system level factors
influencing individual: family, neighborhood, peers, school.
Quotes
...data suggests that biological factors account for a small proportion of
the variance in violent behavior. (Corrado, Raymond)
Coercive interaction, lax and ineffective parental discipline, poor parental
monitoring, physical punishment, and child physical abuse are all
associated with higher rates of aggression and violence among children.
(Corrado, Raymond)
3) http://www.unc.edu/~pmeyer/General_Publications/Hitler.pdf
Summary: Milgram set out to prove that Germans are more obedient than
Americans. He discovered Americans are very shockingly obedient, and he never
took this experiment to test if Germans were more obedient. Students are scholars
thought most people would not make it until the end and that many would quit
near the beginning; the opposite was true.
Quotes:
It's quite true, he says, that this is almost a philosophic position,
because we have learned that some people are psychologically incapable

of disengaging themselves. But that doesn't relieve them of the moral

responsibility. (Meyer)
4) http://www.uccs.edu/Documents/dsegal/DSM-Assessment-of-Hitler-IDR-2007.pdf
Summary: Experts believer hitler may have struggled with PTSD, psychotic
thinking, schizophrenia, paranoid personality disorder, antisocial personality
disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and sadistic personality disorder. It is
impossible to say that this information is valid because Hitler is dead, which
makes it harder to diagnose.
Quotes:
Five academic Hitler historians completed the CATI. The overall mean
inter-rater correlation was moderately high for all 38 CATI scales T scores
(median r = .72). On Axis I, the highest mean T scores across raters were
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (76), Psychotic Thinking (73) and
Schizophrenia (69). On Axis II, the highest mean T scores were Paranoid
Personality Disorder (78), Antisocial Personality Disorder (78),
Narcissistic Personality Disorder (77), and Sadistic Personality Disorder
(76). (Coolidge, Davis, Segal 5: 30)
5) http://www.naturalchild.org/alice_miller/adolf_hitler.html
Summary: Hitlers upbringing and child-rearing by his parents made him repress
many issues. As a result of not dealing with these feelings and issues, it carried
into his adult life and played a part in him becoming the evil figure we know
today.
Quotes:
In order not to die, all mistreated children must totally repress the
mistreatment, deprivation, and bewilderment they have undergone because
otherwise the child's organism wouldn't be able to cope with the
magnitude of the pain suffered. (Miller)
Even the most macabre childhood doesn't exonerate a criminal from the
guilt that consists in his destruction of life. As an adult he has the
opportunity of confronting his childhood, of not denying the horror he
endured then, of experiencing the hatred that was repressed and
understanding its justification. (Miller)
6) https://books.google.com/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=d0FHWmChRYgC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=bystander+effect+hitler&ots
=SQrmKeeEWB&sig=va0ce4oUbZoxZXPE307PYNFldQQ#v=onepage&q&f=false
Summary: Authoritarian parenting style produces children who struggle with
stress and suppress feelings therefore they do not know what to do with them.
Children feel powerless with this parenting style and they also develop defense
mechanisms
Quotes:
Hitler's attitude also indicates the potential power of bystanders. He and
his fellow Nazis were greatly concerned about the reactions of the
population to their early anti-Jewish actions, and they were both surprised

and emboldened by the lack of adverse reactions (Staub, The Roots of

Evil 309).
Authority-oriented person prefer hierarchical relationships with a clear
delineation of spheres of power. They enjoy obeying authority and enjoy
exercising power over those below them. (Staub, The Roots of Evil 73)
7) http://people.umass.edu/estaub/The_Psychology_of_Bystanders.pdf
Summary: USA and other countries were bystanders to the holocaust. Christians
pushed the idea that jews killed Jesus. If people stand up, others are likely to join
in, but if bystanders are passive then no bystanders will act. German bystanders
were semi-active participants
Quotes
As a result of their passivity in the face of others suffering, bystanders
change: They come to accept the persecution and suffering of victims and
some even join the perpetrators (Staub, The Psychology of Good and Evil
292)
8) http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/de-hitler-3.htm
Summary: Hitler struggled with many problems like mood swings, Parkinson's
disease, gastrointestinal symptoms, skin problems and more. To treat them he
took bizarre medication such as topical cocaine, injected amphetamines, glucose,
testosterone, estradiol, and corticosteroids. Hitler was a hypochondriac; he did not
like smoking or sex.
Quotes
Even as a child he had to have his way and as he matured, the temper
tantrums, which most normal children outgrow, became in the man-ever
more virulent. His frenzies, his bitterness and hates, his rages and crying
jags were legendary, and one of the major causes of his phenomenal rise to
power. (Pike)
...he calls it a Jewish disease - in Mein Kampf (pp 336-352). He
considers this disease to be one of the consequences of the failure to
maintain the racial purity of the Aryans - a condition he regards as the
God-given duty of his Party to correct. (Pike)
9) https://sites.google.com/site/adolfhitlerpersonality/freud
Summary: Hitler had a lot of heartbreak and hard times during his childhood. In
order to cope with his childhood, he developed defense mechanisms. Hitler may
have gone through Oedipus complex as a child; love for mother, hate for father.
His sexual orientation is unknown but he had girlfriends and a wife.
Quotes:
Third defense mechanism present in his actions was projection. He took
his actions upon the Jews as attributing it to be their fault to why he did
what he did. (Freud - Adolf Hitler Personality)
The final defense mechanism shown in his actions is displacement. He
discharged his pent-up feelings of hostility, from his childhood, and took it
out on the Jews. (Freud - Adolf Hitler Personality)