Aagw2010 June 09 Meshack Nyabenge Where Is Gis Unit in Icraf World Agroforestry Centre

Where is GIS Unit in
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)

Research and Development
Mr. Meshack Nyabenge,

World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) P. O Box 30667 00100
Nairobi, Kenya,
E-mail: m.nyabenge@cgiar.org
Wow! See ICRAF Recipe !!!
1. Pro-poor Rewards for Environmental

Services in Africa (PRESA).
2. Mapping Rainwater Harvesting
domain in Africa
3. Targeting biofuel investment in
Eastern Africa countries and beyond
4. Soil Health Surveillance Protocol
5. GIS in Irrigation Master Plan
6. Conservation Agriculture with Trees
ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

Meshack Nyabenge June 17, 2010
Pro-poor Rewards for Environmental
Services in Africa (PRESA).
Goal: smallholder farmers and residents living in the highlands of East
and West Africa benefit from fair and effective agreements between
stewards and beneficiaries of ecosystem services.
Objectives:
1. Foster workable environmental service
agreements.
2. Catalyze policy support and private-sector
participation in environmental service agreements
3. Community of Practice: Provide support to
researchers, NGOs and government agencies
interested in pro-poor rewards for environmental
services in Africa

Sites
Characteristics of PRESA sites

• Fragile eco-systems
• Reported conflicts in use of
environmental services
• Over exploitation of ES leading
degradation.

Shamba
system
fields
Sasumua
Reservoir,
Kenya

Sasumua Watershed
• Located in Nyandarua South District, Central Kenya.
• Consists of three sub-watershed Sasumua, Chania, Kiburu.
• Provide more than a third of drinking water for City of Nairobi.
• Located in agricultural area, forest reserve and Aberedare National Park- presenting a
fragile-ecosystem, source conflict, and over exploitation of environmental services

Adopt the concept and framework of Pro-poor
Rewards for Environmental Services in Africa
• Awareness creation through several meeting with communities and

stakeholders.
• Scientific inventory and analysis of environmental services (soil, water,

landuse, land tenure, environmental audit)
• Involvement of community and stakeholder during data collection and

interpretation supported by community-based knowledge.
• Stakeholder workshop for reporting and calibrating scientific findings

and identification keys development issues for sustainable management
of Sasumua system

Soil: Assessment of Land Degradation
• Using Soil Health Surveillance Protocol developed by ICRAF scientists, the

following sites were identified as areas with different erosion risk

Hydrological Modeling and Water Quality
Assessment
• Water quality measurements at selected sampling points during dry

and wet season.
• Watershed modeling using Soil and Water Assessment Tool, (SWAT)
a watershed scale model developed in the USA (Neitsch et. Al, 2002).
Strategies for reducing

Sources of Sediment erosion and sedimentation
• Mingutii subcatchment both • Best management practices on
agricultural land
from the cropped land and
– Grassed waterways
stream corridor • Stream bank stabilization and
• Little Sasumua subcatchment protection
(40% cropped land, 60% forest) – Riparian buffer strips
• Road drainage
• Roads, paths, cattle tracks
• Drainage of built-up areas:
contribute substantial sediment Njabini, Kwa Haraka, Githioro,
Kanyenya-ini
• Sediment traps

Water Yield
2
3 #
Flow % Mean Flow
# 4 m3/s
5
15
Sasumua River 66 1.72
7
Chania River 21 0.54
8 13
6
10
14
Kiburu 13 0.33
17 #
#
#
9
11 12
#
16
30
19 18
22 #
# #
# # Kiburu River,
31 26 28 13 %
# 25
21 #
# 32
23#
34 # Chania River,
20 \
&
[
% 27 #
24 #
#
33 29## 21 %
38
#
#
# Sasumua
36 River, 67 %
35
#
#
37

Landuse Change
• To understand long-term utilization of resources, time series (1985-2007) landuse changes
from satellite remote sensing images was undertaken.
1995
1985
2000 2007

Landuse Change
Landcover Change between 1985 and 2007
140
120
100 Agriculture
Area (km2)
80 Woodlot
Degraded forest
60
Forest
40 Fallow
20
0
area1985 area1995 area2000 area2007
Year
Drivers of Change
1. Population increase
resulting high intensity
in agriculture
2. Land tenure changes.
3. Policy ( Shamba
farming systems)

Land Tenure
Leasehold agricultural land (1964)

1. The land was considered crown land and
was allocated to European farmers by the
colonial government as large scale
commercial farms on 999 year agricultural
leases.
2. The total land area in the basin is 5593
hectares and 49% was taken up by the
leasehold farms.
3. The population on these farms was low as it
often comprised only the settler farmer and
his laborers. Entry into the white highlands
was restricted and the laborers were not
allowed to come with their families.
4. Movement permits were used to regulate
the movement into and out of the region by
locals. Agricultural activities tended to be
expansive rather than intensive due to the
large size of the farm units.
Land Tenure
Post independence freehold agricultural land (2008)
1. The Settlement Fund Trustee (SFT) was set up by

the post independence government under the
agriculture Act Cap 347, to identify, plan and
allocate land to local farmers.
2. The farmers were allocated land and given seed
money to set up their farms. They were to pay for
the land and the seed money over a period of 25
years after which they obtained freehold titles.
3. The large scale farms were purchased by the
government and converted to settlement
schemes. The resettlement exercise was started
in 1964 and continued into the 1970s.
4. By 1980 most of the prime land had been
allocated but due to consistent demand even
marginal areas were converted to settlement
schemes. In the Sasumua watershed all leasehold
farms were converted to settlement schemes.

Environmental Audit Findings
• Persistent grazing along the riparian reserve, which affects groundcover thus
protection of the river
• Pollution from livestock, especially those grazing along the riparian reserve
• Planting of eucalyptus trees in proximity to the riverbanks
• Inadequate physical infrastructure, especially heavy reliance on pit latrines and
weak solid waste management mechanisms
• Weak physical infrastructure as exemplified by lack of land use planning

• Weak community participation in natural resource management, local
community’s access to water
• Reintroduction/illegal farming in the forest
• Dwindling water resources against rising demand
• Continued rapid growth of urbanization and intensification of farming will continue
to place a lot pressure on the dam.
Stakeholder Workshop
• Presented all scientific findings

• Deliberation on keys issue of ES (water, policy, landuse\
agriculture, community role and other stakeholder)
• Explore benefits community can get or continue to enjoy from
positive contribution in sustaining Sasumua system.
• Way forward.

Mapping Rainwater Harvesting
domain
• Rainwater Harvesting is a simple, low cost water management technique that
involves the intentional capturing & storage of rainwater as, when, and where it falls
for domestic, agricultural, industrial and environmental use.
• There are numerous positive benefits for RWH.
– The technology is low cost, highly decentralized empowering individuals and

communities to manage their water.
– It has been used to improve access to water and sanitation at the local level.
– In agriculture rainwater harvesting has demonstrated the potential of doubling

food production by 100% compared to the 10% increase from irrigation.
• Rainwater harvesting domain refers to the area pre-dominated by a particular type of

water harvesting technology. Examples include rooftop, runoff and in-situ domains.

Mapping RWH in Africa and11 African countries
• Mapping RWH domain refer to characterization of biophysical variables, which

influenced type of RWH domain.
• For Example
– Rooftop RWH domain-Using rainfall and human population (representing rooftop at
national level mapping)
• Computing domestic water harvesting potential
• Generic formula for computing roof water harvesting potential is given here below as
follows;
• WH d  A f * P * Cd * Pf * 
• Where:
• WHd = Volume of harvested rainwater (m3)
• A f = Area of the roof surface (m2)
• P = Precipitation (m)
• C d = Runoff coefficient (Dimensionless)
•
 P f = Roof pitch (Dimensionless)
 
• = Probability of rainfall occurrence (Often taken as 0.67 for Eastern Africa
 region)


– Insitu RWH-Rainfall and landuse
– Runoff RWH-Rainfall and Slope

Mapping RWH in Africa and11 African countries
• RWH project started in 2005 between

UNEP and ICRAF
– Mapped Africa and 11 countries, plus
4 cities (Nairobi, Kigali, Dar es
Salaam, Garbarone)
• The main objective of this work was

to demonstrate in spatial domain the
huge potential for RWH in Africa and
thereby provide a tool for advocacy
and decision support in RWH in and
selected countries

Mapping RWH in Africa and11 African countries –Rooftop RWH

Rwanda Rooftop RWH mapping
WH d  A f * P * Cd * Pf * 

Targeting biofuel investment in
Eastern Africa countries
Goal: Identify where to invest biofuel crops without affecting food security and
maintaining environmental status quo.
• Project was initiated by NGO and ICRAF partners (Vanilla Foundation, GTZ)
in 2006 and still attracting attending beyond Kenya was ICRAF starting point
• In 2008/09, project was extended to Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia and Rwanda
• In 2010, UNEP, ACTs and ICRAF improved Kenya biofuel mapping to support
biofuel and Energy policy.
• Interest in comparing methods and output within Africa is being conceived

and will be documented.

Targeting biofuel investment in
Eastern Africa countries
Altitude
Swamp
Temperature Rainfall

Methodology
• The process of biofuel feedstock suitability
mapping is foundered on principles of land
evaluation developed by FAO in 1976, where
matching of the ecological and management Suitability=
requirements of relevant land use with land T  t min

x1, y1 t max  Rx1 y1 r max  Ax1 y1 a max  Soil x1 y1 
r min a min
qualities, whilst taking local economic and social

conditions into account (FAO, 1976). Where T=Temperature;
• Instead of targeting variety of crops and selecting tmin=minimum temperature
one or more with higher socio-economic returns value; tmax=maximum
and optimal biophysical compliance, the process temperature value; (x1,y1)
zero-in one crop at time, and selecting land areas location of temperature value,
with both optimal biophysical and socio-economic R= rainfall; A=altitude.
scores.
Results

What ICRAF GIS Can Sell to MPs
• Data on Tree cover, species and role in rural health,

food security (fodder fertilizer), carbon market
negotiation, etc
• Tools and data from Soil Health Surveillance
Protocols (http://intranet.icraf.cgiar.org/)
• Capacity building and general support in Rainwater
Harvesting and biofuel mapping and analysis (in MP
6 and others)
• Support irrigation master planning from GIS
perspective (come for tomorrow presentation)

What do we NEED to handle keys
research in MP6 and others?


Aagw2010 June 09 Meshack Nyabenge Where Is Gis Unit in Icraf World Agroforestry Centre

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Aagw2010 June 09 Meshack Nyabenge Where Is Gis Unit in Icraf World Agroforestry Centre

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Where is GIS Unit in

World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)

Mr. Meshack Nyabenge,

1. Pro-poor Rewards for Environmental

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

Characteristics of PRESA sites

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

• Awareness creation through several meeting with communities and

• Scientific inventory and analysis of environmental services (soil, water,

• Involvement of community and stakeholder during data collection and

• Stakeholder workshop for reporting and calibrating scientific findings

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

• Using Soil Health Surveillance Protocol developed by ICRAF scientists, the

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

• Water quality measurements at selected sampling points during dry

Strategies for reducing

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

resulting high intensity

2. Land tenure changes.

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

Leasehold agricultural land (1964)

1. The Settlement Fund Trustee (SFT) was set up by

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

• Weak physical infrastructure as exemplified by lack of land use planning

• Presented all scientific findings

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

• There are numerous positive benefits for RWH.

– The technology is low cost, highly decentralized empowering individuals and

– In agriculture rainwater harvesting has demonstrated the potential of doubling

• Rainwater harvesting domain refers to the area pre-dominated by a particular type of

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

• Mapping RWH domain refer to characterization of biophysical variables, which

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

• RWH project started in 2005 between

• The main objective of this work was

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

• In 2008/09, project was extended to Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia and Rwanda

• Interest in comparing methods and output within Africa is being conceived

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

requirements of relevant land use with land T  t min

qualities, whilst taking local economic and social

• Instead of targeting variety of crops and selecting tmin=minimum temperature

one or more with higher socio-economic returns value; tmax=maximum

and optimal biophysical compliance, the process temperature value; (x1,y1)

with both optimal biophysical and socio-economic R= rainfall; A=altitude.

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

• Data on Tree cover, species and role in rural health,

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

ICRAF GIS UNIT WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi