Taylor Markosian

Prof. Celestino
English 1010
10/18/16
Annotated Bibliography
Brigham, Lawson. "Marine Protection In The Arctic Cannot Wait." Nature 478.7368 (2011): 157.
Academic Search Premier. Web. 18 Oct. 2016.
The article strives to encourage ideas that could potentially develop international rules
and regulations to enhance marine safety and protect the environment. I will use the
information regarding the ideas to protect the marine environment in my essay. Im going
to use this toward my line of emotional appeals towards the audience in utilizing that of
pathos by listing ways of enhancing marine safety and the critical conditions that will
take place if humans fail to do so.
Clark, Elizabeth A., et al. "Continental Runoff Into The Oceans (1950-2008)." Journal Of
Hydrometeorology 16.4 (2015): 1502-1520. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Oct.
2016.
River runoff in the oceans is an issue in regards to global land and ocean water
imbalances. Many models, observations, and experiments have been observed to come up
with a solution to the issue. Humans depend on river flows to provide municipal and
agricultural water supply, transportation, electricity, recreation, and many other things.
Im going to use this concept towards my ethos in the essay in explaining different
concepts and experiments towards planning a solution to the issue of water runoff and
ways to reduce it.
Cunningham, D. J., and S. P. Wilson. "Marine Debris on Beaches of the Greater Sydney Region."
Journal of Coastal Research 2003: 421. JSTOR Journals. Web. 21 Oct. 2016.
Marine debris directly threatens and indirectly impacts upon marine wildlife and humans
through-out the world. Proper management requires information regarding debris
abundance, distribution, and sources for specific regions. Im going to use this towards
my pathos in the essay to emotionally influence my audience.
Demars, Kenneth R., and Ronald C. Chaney. "Geotechnical Engineering Issues In Ocean Waste
Disposal: A Review." Marine Georesources&Geotechnology 24.3 (2006): 219-235.
Academic Search Premier. Web. 17 Oct. 2016.
Ocean waste disposal occurs on the continental shelves of the worlds oceans. Waste
disposal in the ocean environment is considered a reasonable alternative because it
appears to be economical and out of sight. Engineers have come up with many different
experiments to track patterns and see how this waste is affecting the ocean and its
environment. Im going to use this towards my logos in the essay by including facts and
statistics as to why it is a human responsibly to make a change within our ocean
environments.

Eriksen, Marcus, et al. "Plastic Pollution In The World's Oceans: More Than 5 Trillion Plastic
Pieces Weighing Over 250,000 Tons Afloat At Sea." Plos ONE 9.12 (2014): 1-15.
Academic Search Premier. Web. 17 Oct. 2016.
Plastic pollution is existent throughout the marine environment. An experiment was
conducted to demonstrate how much all of the pollution in the ocean approximately
weighed as well as how much was there. Im going to use this towards my ethos to gain
the audience emotional appeal and educate them on what would happen if plastic
pollution was reduced.
Ivanina, Anna V., and Inna M. Sokolova. "Interactive Effects Of Metal Pollution And Ocean
Acidification On Physiology Of Marine Organisms." Current Zoology 61.4 (2015): 653668. Academic Search Premier. Web. 17 Oct. 2016.
The human influence has become a major force affecting oceans ecosystems. Ocean
acidification is an emerging concern and is driven by increasing rates of carbon dioxide.
Im going to use this towards my pathos in the essay by explaining the history of human
action that has negatively affected the worlds oceans.
Jambeck, Jenna R., et al. "Plastic Waste Inputs From Land Into The Ocean." Science 347.6223
(2015): 768-771. Professional Development Collection. Web. 21 Oct. 2016.
Although plastic debris is widely documented in the marine environment, the quantity of
plastic entering the ocean from wasted generated on land is unknown. Humans need to
establish a waste management in order to see where the waste is coming from directly in
order to identify and reduce the issue. Im going to use this towards my kairos in the
essay by identifying the time and place the waste was found and where it could have
come from.
Keppel, Gunnar, and JavidKavousi. "Effective Climate Change Refugia For Coral Reefs."
Global Change Biology 21.8 (2015): 2829-2830. Academic Search Premier. Web. 18 Oct.
2016.
Coral reefs are highly threatened by ocean warming and acidification. It is important to
gain an understanding of the marine environmental parameters, and to use realistic
approaches in identifying issues related to the oceans environment. Im going to use this
towards myethos to build credibility and trust with the audience.
Macdonald, Robie W., Brian Morton, and Sophia C. Johannessen. "A Review OfMarine
Environmental Contaminant Issues In The North Pacific: The Dangers And How To
Identify Them." Environmental Reviews 11.2 (2003): 103-139. Academic Search Premier.
Web. 17 Oct. 2016.
Over the past decade, there have been studies about the North Pacific Ocean and the
major factors that are affecting this region. One of these factors includes Climate
Change. Im going to use this towards my logos in the essay to captivate my audience by
informing them of the logical facts of climate change in a specific region.

Miller, Claire. "New Government Paints Australia Green." Frontiers In Ecology & The
Environment 6.1 (2008): 6. GreenFILE. Web. 21 Oct. 2016.
This article gives insight on the new Australian Prime Minister and his commitment to
reduce the nations emissions within a 50 year time-span. The world should be informed
and encouraged by Australias action to go green and take initiative to do the same. Im
going to use this towards my logos in the essay to provide facts and my line of reasoning
of why other governments in the world should do the same and why it is vital to not only
the marine environment but human survival.