United Nations Childrens Fund

UNICEF

Proiect realizat de :
Mzreanu Ana-Maria
Solniaru Oana-Geanina

Profesor coordonator:
Ionescu Daniela

Facultatea de Limbi i Literaturi Strine, Universitatea

Bucureti,

Secia Traducere i Interpretare

Introduction.................................................................................................................................3
History.........................................................................................................................................3
What UNICEF does....................................................................................................................4
Where does UNICEF work?.......................................................................................................5
UNICEF Leadership...................................................................................................................5
UNICEF events...........................................................................................................................5
Fund initiatives............................................................................................................................6
UNICEF and Romania................................................................................................................6
Translation..................................................................................................................................7
Glossary......................................................................................................................................9
Conclusions...............................................................................................................................10
Bibliography..............................................................................................................................11

United Nations Childrens Fund

UNICEF
Introduction
UNICEF was created on December 11, 1946 by the United Nations General Assembly.
UNICEF is the acronym for United Nations Childrens Fund, formely United Nations
International Children's Emergency Fund. Initially, it provided emergency food and healthcare
to children in countries that had been devastated by World War II. Nowadays, it is an agency
that concerned with improving the health and nutrition of children and mothers throughout the
world. Its headquarters is New York City. In 1965 UNICEF was awarded the Nobel Peace
Prize for the promotion of brotherhood among nations.

History
After World War II, United Nations created UNICEF to provide food, clothes and take care of
the European children. And in 1947 an American humanitarian and businessman, Maurice
Pate, with Herbert Hoover co-founded the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).
Maurice Pate was its first executive director from 1947 until his death in 1965. In 1953 the
UN General Assembly extends UNICEFs mandate indefinitely and it becomes permanent
part of UN. In the 1950s it started a campaign against yaws, a tropical disease of the skin that
affected millions of children and that could be cured only with penicillin, and against other
epidemic deseases such as tuberculosis and malaria. In 1959 the UN General Assembly adopts
the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, which defines childrens rights to protection,
education, health care, shelter and good nutrition. In the 1960s the agency began to concern
about education, starting with support to teacher training and classroom equipment in newly
independent countries. In 1961 the first UNICEF programme specifically designed for
children living in urban areas was established in Mexico City, focusing on housing, sanitation
and vocational education for youth. UNICEF designated 1979 as the "Year of the Child". In
the 1980s, under the leadership of Executive Director James P. Grant, UNICEF launched an
initiative to reduce preventable child deaths from conditions such as diarrhoea and measles. In
1981 breastfeeding code was approved. In 1989 the Convention on the Rights of the Child
was adopted by the UN General Assembly. It enters into force in September 1990 becoming
the most rapidly accepted human rights treaty in the history. For the first time, in 1990 World
Summit for Children, the global community agreed upon international goals to reduce rates
of mortality and disease, malnutrition and illiteracy, and to reach specific targets by the year
2000. It was at the time the largest-ever gathering of Heads of State and Government,

including 71 Presidents and Prime Ministers, an unprecedented summit at the United Nations
in New York City. In 1998 United Nations Security Council debates children and the effect of
war on them. In 2001 Say Yes for Children campaign launched. The Global Movement for
Children begins mobilizing every citizen of every nation to change the world with children.
The Say Yes for Children campaign builds on this momentum, with millions of children and
adults around the world pledging their support for critical actions to improve childrens lives.
Now, UNICEF is present in 191 countries and territories around the world, but not involved in
9 others (Bahamas, Brunei, Cyprus, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Malta, Mauritius, Monaco, and
Singapore).

What UNICEF does

UNICEF promotes and invests in the rights of every child below the age of 18 in all aspects of
life as guided by the Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Convention on the
Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CPRD) and the Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). It invests in programmes that improve
adolescents education, the health and nutrition of children and pregnant women, and in
programmes that protect the rights of excluded adolescent populations affected by HIV.
UNICEF works for a world in which every child has a fair chance in life.
Clean water, basic toilets and good hygiene practices are essential for the survival and
development of children. Today, there are around 2.4 billion people who do not use improved
sanitation, and 663 million who do not have access to improved water sources. UNICEFs
water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) team works in over 100 countries worldwide to
improve water and sanitation services, as well as basic hygiene practices. Last year,
UNICEFs efforts provided nearly 14 million people with clean water and over 11 million
with basic toilets. In Sierra Leone, only 63 per cent of the population has access to safe
drinking water. UNICEF is supporting the rehabilitation of water supply systems in 170
schools and 84 health facilities in eight districts in Sierra Leone as part of its support to the
Governments post-Ebola recovery programme.
Besides the WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) another big problem is malnutrition.
Every year, around 3 million children die due to undernutrition. Across the globe, an
estimated 16 million children under the age of 5 are affected by severe acute malnutrition.
Through its programmes in more than 90 countries across the world, UNICEF is working to
make good nutrition a reality for the children, families and communities that need it most.
Breastfeeding and complementary feeding, micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals, are
essential to fight against malnutrition.
UNICEF works also to protect children from violence, exploitation and abuse. Many children
are exposed to various forms of violence, exploitation and abuse, including sexual abuse and
exploitation, armed violence, trafficking, child labour, gender-based violence, bullying.
UNICEFs objectives are to actively prevent children from being harmed; to monitor
violations committed against them; and to develop programmes to respond to instances where

children are at risk of or have been subjected to violence, exploitation or abuse. Children,
Not Soldiers and #ENDviolence against children are two of most important campaign
made by UNICEF against violence and abuse against children.

Where does UNICEF work?

UNICEF is active in more than 190 countries, territories and areas through country
programmes and National Committees. It works in Central and Eastern Europe and the
Commonwealth of Independent States, East Asia and the Pacific, Eastern and Southern Africa,
Latin America and Caribbean, South Asia, Middle East and North Africa, West and Central
Africa, Industrialized countries.

UNICEF Leadership
The leadership is formed by Executive Directors, Deputies, Executive Board. Since 1946,
UNICEF Executive Directors have been appointed by the United Nations Secretary-General
in consultation with the UNICEF Executive Board. Anthony Lake, a former US National
Security Advisor, is UNICEF's sixth and current Executive Director, and was appointed on 1
May 2010. UNICEF's Deputy Executive Directors are appointed by the United Nations
Secretary-General. At present they are three in number. The first Deputy Executive Director,
E. J. R. Heyward, was appointed in 1949. UNICEF has been administered by the Executive
Director in accordance with the policies determined by the Executive Board. Board members
are chosen by the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) from UN member
governments. UNICEF has also Ambassadors which are leaders in the entertainment industry,
representing the fields of film, television, music, sports and beyond. Over the years, UNICEF
Ambassadors have played a critical role in raising awareness of the needs for children, and
have continued to use their talent and fame to fundraise, advocate, and educate on behalf of
UNICEF. One of the first and important ambassadors was Danny Kaye, a famous US actor
and comedian. He had the chance to meet Maurice Pate and to talk about UNICEF and its
work. Danny without hesitation volunteered to work for UNICEF then and there, and became
UNICEFs first Ambassador-at-Large, spreading the message about the situation of
children. He made a 20-minute documentary film, Assignment Children, that was seen by
more than 100 million people, making UNICEF a household name worldwide. Another
important and known celebrity was the actress Audrey Hepburn. Also in the present many
artists are involved in UNICEF campaigns and thanks to their celebrity they can mobilize the
support necessary to improve the lives of children.

UNICEF events
An UNICEF event is an occasion for celebrities, philanthropists and community leaders to
support UNICEFs mission of saving the lives of children. The most recent event was

UNICEFs Hope Gala in Chicago, Il. The evening exceeded its goal of $1,000,000. Other gala
such as The UNICEF Ball has raised over $7 million for UNICEF since its debut. The
UNICEF for Evening Children First event raised over $730,000 to support UNICEFs work
around the world to put Children First.

Fund initiatives
In the United States, Canada and some other countries, UNICEF is known for its "Trick-OrTreat for UNICEF" program in which children collect money for UNICEF from the houses
they trick-or-treat on Halloween night. Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF began in 1950 as a way for
kids to help kids in need of more than candy. Since then, children have gone door-to-door
with their UNICEF collection boxes on Halloween, calling out "Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF!"
They have raised more than $175 million for the U.S. Fund for UNICEF over the past 65
years. UNICEF is supported by non-governmental organizations (NGO) that selling greeting
cards and products, creating private and public partnerships, advocating for childrens rights,
and providing other support. The U.S. Fund for UNICEF is the oldest of the National
Committees, founded in 1947 by by Helenka Pantaleoni.

UNICEF and Romania

The UNICEF Country Office began its operations in Romania in 1991. UNICEF works with a
wide variety of partners including government, non-governmental organisations, children and
adolescents, other UN agencies, and donors. In Romania, UNICEF promotes child rights and
supports child health and nutrition, quality education and the protection of children from
violence, neglect, exploitation and HIV/AIDS. As of 2004, UNICEF has been successfully
fundraising in Romania for local projects, through corporate alliances, events and telethons.
Today, local fundraising accounts for 25% of the funds implemented by UNICEF in Romania.

Translation
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) especially internet and mobile
technologies are increasingly becoming an integral part of childrens lives. More and more
children rely on them to learn, engage, participate, play, work and socialise. ICTs are also
proving to be useful in childrens protection. They can be used to seek information on
services, collect, document and share data, and report abuse. Furthermore, ICTs can have an
enormous potential to overcome many of the challenges vulnerable children face in the offline
world. For instance, for children with disabilities ICTs can serve as valuable tools for
accessing services and offer opportunities for social inclusion, networking and participation.
The openness of the internet coupled with the digital divide between children, parents,
caregivers and teachers can, however, leave children exposed to online harm, which can
negatively impact their personal development and well-being. This is especially the case in
low and middle-income countries where gaps in overall child protection tend to be greater,
and digital literacy levels among parents and caregivers lower. Examples of potential risks
include exposure to disturbing or potentially harmful content such as violent images, cyber
bullying, sexual solicitation (online grooming), circulation of child sexual abuse materials
and live stream abuse. It is therefore important to strike a balance between opportunities and
risks that the ICTs bring and to better understand what makes some children particularly
vulnerable to risk of harm, so that protective strategies can be effectively targeted.
UNICEF is increasingly exploring how ICTs can be used in child protection programming
such as the facilitation of birth registration, rapid family tracing and case management.
UNICEF is also engaged in advocacy for the criminalization of child sexual abuse materials
and online grooming of children; the strengthening of institutional capacities to implement
legislation and policies related to investigation and prosecution of cases involving online
sexual abuse/exploitation; supporting the establishment of comprehensive services for
children abused/exploited through the internet and mobile phones; raising awareness and
building capacities of children, teachers and caregivers on the risks of ICTs and protective
measures and supporting research projects to enhance the understanding of childrens use of
ICTs and appropriate responses to violence, exploitation and abuse facilitated through ICTs.
(http://www.unicef.org/protection/57929_79672.html; 23.05.2015; 16:43)
Tehnologiile informaiei i comunicaiilor (TIC) in special tehnologiile de internet i mobile
devin din ce n ce mai mult o parte integrant a vieii copiilor. Tot mai muli copii se
bazeaz pe tehnologie ca s nvee, s se implice, s participe, s se joace, s lucreze i s
socializeze. TIC se dovedesc a fi utile, de asemenea, pentru protecia copilului. Pot fi folosite
pentru a cuta informaii despre servicii, a colecta, documenta i a face schimb de date i
pentru a raporta abuzul. Mai mult dect att, TIC pot avea un potenial enorm de a depi
multe dintre provocrile cu care copii vulnerabili se confrunt n lumea offline. De exemplu,
pentru copii cu dizabiliti, TIC pot servi ca instrumente valoroase pentru accesarea serviciilor
i ofer oportuniti pentru incluziunea social, crearea de reele i de participare.
Caracterul deschis al internetului mpreun cu diviziunea digital dintre copii, prini,
ngrijitori i profesori poate, cu toate acestea, s lase copii expui la efectele nocive online,
ceea ce poate avea un impact negativ asupra dezvoltrii lor personale i a bunstrii acestora.
Acest lucru este valabil n special n rile cu venituri mici i medii unde lacunele n ceea ce
privete protecia general a copilului tind s fie mai mari, iar nivelul de cunoatere digital al

prinilor si ngrijitorilor mai mic. Exemple de riscuri poteniale includ expunerea la con inut
deranjant sau potenial duntor, cum ar fi imagini cu coninut violent, hruire online,
solicitare sexual ("manipulare psihologic on-line"), circularea materialelor n care sunt
prezentate abuzuri sexuale asupra copiilor i abuz n flux direct (live stream). Prin urmare,
este important s se gseasc un echilibru ntre oportunitile i riscurile pe care TIC le aduce
i pentru a nelege mai bine ceea ce i face pe unii copii deosebit de vulnerabili la riscul de
vtmare, astfel nct strategiile de protecie s poat fi direcionate n mod eficient.
UNICEF exploreaz din ce n ce mai mult despre cum TIC poate fi utilizat la programarea
proteciei copilului cum ar fi facilitarea nregistrrii naterii, identificarea rapid a familiei i
gestionarea cazurilor. UNICEF este, de asemenea, implicat in activiti de reprezentare a
incriminrii materialelor n care sunt prezentate abuzuri sexuale asupra copiilor i manipulare
psihologic on-line; consolidarea capacitilor instituionale pentru punerea n aplicare a
legislaiei i a politicilor legate de investigarea i urmrirea penal a cazurilor care implic
abuz sexual / exploatare on-line; susinerea nfiinrii unor servicii complete pentru copii
abuzai / exploatai prin intermediul internetului i a telefoanelor mobile; creterea
sensibilizrii i consolidarea capacitilor copiilor, profesorilor i ngrijitorilor cu privire la
riscurile pe care le prezint TIC i msuri de protecie i susinere a unor proiecte de cercetare
pentru a spori nelegerea utilizrii de ctre copii a TIC i a rspunsurilor adecvate la violen ,
exploatare i abuz facilitat prin intermediul TIC.

Glossary
English
United Nations Children's
Emergency Fund
humanitarian
and
development agency
pre-natal care for healthy
births
health care
Adolescent development

Russian

Child protection
Social inclusion
Child
survival
and
development
Early
childhood
development
Immunization
Nutrition
Innovation for education
humanitarian system
UNICEF's
Office
of
Emergency
Programmes
(EMOPS)
The Core Commitments for
Children in Humanitarian
Action

humanitarian
and
development interventions
human rights
Convention
on
the
Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination
against
Women (CEDAW)
Convention on the Rights
of Persons with Disabilities
(CRPD)
Convention on the Rights
of the Child
Executive Director
Deputy Executive Director
Executive Board

Italian
Fondo delle Nazioni Unite per
l'infanzia
Agenzia umanitaria e di
sviluppo
Cure prenatali per le nascite
sane
Assistenza sanitaria
Sviluppo adolescenziale

Tutela dei minori

Integrazione sociale
Sopravvivenza dei bambini e
sviluppo
Sviluppo della prima infanzia

()

Immunizzazione
Nutrizione
Innovazione per listruzione
Sistema umanitario
Ufficio
dell'UNICEF
per
programmi
di
emergenza
( EMOPS )
Gli Impegni fondamentali per i

bambini in azione umanitaria

()
Interventi umanitari e di

sviluppo

Diritti umani
Convenzione sull'eliminazione

di
tutte
le
forme
di

discriminazione
contro
le
()
donne ( CEDAW )

Convenzione sui diritti delle

()
persone con disabilit ( CRPD )

()

Conclusions

Convenzione
sui
dellinfanzia
Direttore esecutivo
Vicedirettore esecutivi

diritti

Consiglio di Amministrazione

In conclusion, UNICEF is one of the most important organization worldwide for it is

specifically designed for children focusing on housing, sanitation and vocational
education for youth. As UNICEF was established for humanitarian and developmental
assistance to children and mothers, since 1946, it has worked tirelessly to ensure that the
rights of children are protected. The organization's network extends over more than 190
countries and territories worldwide and its goal is the erradication of discrimination,
disease, poverty and violence.
A generation ago, 70,000 children died each day. Today that number has been cut by
more than half. Thirty years ago, 1 in 4 children died before the age of five. Today that
number is less than 1 in ten. In 1980, 10 percent of the world's children were immunized
against the six killer diseases. Today, that number is over 75 percent. This year, 3 million
more children will live to their fifth birthday than in 1990, and tens of millions will lead
healthier, more productive lives. There numbers can only tell how important UNICEF is
for our world
Today, the UNICEF seeks to improve the life quality of children and mothers in less
developed countries more than ever. It arranges for trained volunteers in the care of
mothers and newborn children, and funds projects for providing clean water,
immunisation against diseases, sanitation facilities and education facilities. Additionally,
UNICEF creates awareness against child labour, exploitation of children and
discrimination against the girl child.
UNICEF always takes action as quick as it is possibile. The most recent example is the
situation happening all over Europe, namely the war in the Islamic State. Sixty-five
million children around the world are on the move running from conflict, poverty and
extreme weather looking for a place to call home and a better life. They are among the
most vulnerable people on earth, children on the edge. UNICEF took action almost
immediately and is working on the ground to make sure that the children rights and need
are being put first. It is also working to expand humanitarian services wherever they are
needed on refugee routes, including providing water and food suited to their age, and
creating child-friendly spaces, where children can play and benefit from psychosocial
support and women can rest and take care of their babies. UNICEF monitors and works
closely with international partners and local authorities in countries affected by conflict,
countries hosting large numbers of refugees and the countries of transit, FYR Macedonia
and Serbia, to ensure that all children are covered. The last two weeks have already been
sent to the spot several teams that bring supplies of water and facilitate access to
conditions of sanitation and hygiene, providing medical care and space friendly for all
children and their families arrived in Europe in an emergency.
In the end we can say that UNICEF is one of the few organizations that really cares.
Following the last year earthquake in Nepal (2015), with the aim of helping more than
one million children affected by the earthquake in Nepal and their families, UNICEF
Romania has joined forces with PRO TV in a fundraising campaign that brought more
than 420,000 dollars.

With funds raised in Romania, during the past year, UNICEF Nepal has contributed
significantly to saving lives of women and children, working with the government and its
partners to distribute supplies vital supporting the restoration of basic services,
developing institutional capacity and providing information to children and families in 14
districts most affected.
UNICEF activities were concentrated in the areas of water, sanitation and hygiene;
health; nutrition; education; child protection and welfare, reaching 80-100% in most of
the targets set for assistance and early recovery operations.
Looking ahead, UNICEF will keep on helping society, social service system and
communities to become stronger so that in case of future disasters, the loss, the damage
and harm to be as low as possible.
We need to invest in strengthening stability in times of social services to reduce the
impact and costs caused by emergency situations when they emerge.

Bibliography
http://www.unicef.org/
http://www.unicef.org/about/who/index_history.html

http://www.unicef.org/about/
http://www.unicef.org/sowc96/50years.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNICEF
http://www.unicef.org/romania/overview_17174.htm