Iris Garcia-Barnett

Annotated Bibliography
Abstract
Whyshouldstudentsfocusmoreonwhatbringsthemhappinessratherthanjustthinkingabout
money?Iplantoarguethatcollegestudentsshouldtakemorethanjusttheirfuturepaycheckinto
accountwhendecidingtheirjob.Asacurrentcollegestudent,thisisaveryrelevanttopictome
andonethatIhavetoohavestruggledwithforyearsbeforeIevencametocollege.Irealizethat
noteveryonecandoexactlywhattheywant;thatsanunrealisticgoal.Andobviously,moneyis
neededtopurchasenecessitiesandluxuriesalikeandisamajorpointofstresstomostwhen
thereisntenough,butstudieshaveshownthatonlyabout30%ofAmericansactuallyenjoythe
jobthey'rein.Whyisthat?America,thelandfilledwithopportunity,iscurrentlybeingwasted
onpeoplewhowhocaremoreforthematerialthingsratherthanwhatistrulyimportant.
Studentsshouldfindjobsthatpaythebills,butmoreimportantlyshouldmakethemhappy.

Biswas-Diener, Robert, and Ed Diener. Will Money Increase Subjective Well-Being?: A

Literature Review and Guide to Needed Research. Social Indicators Research,
vol. 57,
no. 2, Feb. 2002, pp. 119169. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27526987.
Accessed on 2 Nov.
2016.
In the scholarly article, Will Money Increase Subjective Well-Being?, Ed Diener and Rober
Biswas-Diener review four findings regarding money and subjective well-being. They discuss
the fact that there is a large correlation between subjective well-being and money among nations,
but within the nations themselves the correlation isnt as large. The economic growth in nations
has not led to much of an increase in subjective well-being (most likely because of the hedonic
treadmill allowing people to adjust to the increase in economic wealth) and that there are just
some people who care so much about material wealth that they just cannot be happy without
money. This could be useful in my paper as a counter argument by saying that money may not
make you happy, but not having any could make you unhappy. Being in a job you love but that
cannot meet the basic needs of food and shelter might lead to unhappiness even though you are
doing the thing you have always dreamed of.

Boyce, Christopher J. et al. Money and Happiness : Rank of Income, Not Income, Affects Life
Satisfaction. Psychological Science, vol. 21, no. 4, Apr. 2010, pp. 471475.
www.jstor.org/stable/41062232. Accessed 2 Nov. 2016.

Christopher Boyce, Gordon Brown and Simon Moores article relating money and happiness has
a different take on the subject than many other articles and books have take. They claim that
money does not make you happy, but where the amount of money you have compares to those
around you is what can make you happier or less happy. Boyce, Brown, and Gordon go into the
matter mathematically using formulas and whatnot to find accurate measurements for their study
and with that information, they even go as far to say that being among people richer than
oneself can be detrimental to well-being. I think I would use this article to make the point that
even if students were to choose their job based on how much money they would get, there would
always be someone who got more than them (especially in the beginning) which would make
whatever job they're in a discouraging place to work, so they would be better off doing
something they really enjoy so they could focus more on the intrinsic values from the job rather
than the extrinsic.
Brooks, Arthur C. Gross National Happiness: Why Happiness Matters for America--and How
We
Can Get More of It. New York: Basic, 2008.
ArthurBrooksisasocialscientistwholooksatconnectionsbetweenculture,economics,and
politics.InGrossNationalHappinesshecombinestheculturalandeconomicsidesofhappiness.
Forthisresearchpaper,Iwillbefocusingontheeconomicside,specificallythefirstchapterof
thatsection.Insaidchapter,hebeginswithanexampleofamanwhowonthelotteryanddied3
yearslaterbecauseofhisalcoholproblemandhisparanoiaofpeoplebeingouttokillhimforhis
money.Thatexampleshowstheworstthatcanhappeninthatsortofsituation,butBrooksthen
goesontoofferrealfactsbehindthat.HisevidenceextendsbeyondtheUnitedStatesinJapan,
Mexico,France,andvariouscountriesinAfrica.Hementionsthateventhoughsomecountries
arericherthanothers,thericheronesarenotalwaysthehappieronesandhebroughtupthe
hedonictreadmilltoaccountforthatphenomenon.Thehedonictreadmillistheideathatwhen
yougetmore,youlleventuallybecomeaccustomedtoitandwantmoreagain.Thisideawillfit
intomyessaytosupportwhypeopleusuallygoafterjobswiththepromiseofalotofmoney
insteadofwhatwillmakethemhappy.Theythinkthemoneywillmakethemhappy,anditdoes,
foralittlebit,butthempeoplebecomeaccustomedtothemoneyandwantmoreagainwhich
leadstounhappiness.
Kawada, Tomoyuki, and Miwako Yoshimura. Results of a 100-point Scale for Evaluating Job
Satisfaction and the Occupational Depression Scale Questionnaire Survey in
Workers.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 54 (2012): 420-23.
National
Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine,
Apr. 2012.
10.1097/JOM.0b013e31824173ab01. Nov. 2016.

Astudywasdonetotestthecorrelationbetweendepressionandjobsatisfactioninworkers.A
totalof2737Japanesemenandwomenfromapharmaceuticalcompanywereapartofthestudy
andtheconclusionpresentedwasthatjobsatisfactionwassignificantlyassociatedwiththe
depressivestate.TomoyukiKawadawastheoneleadingthestudyandisapartofthe
DepartmentofHygieneandPublicHealth,NipponMedicalSchoolinTokyo.Whathefound,
whilenotbeingapplicabletopeopleotherthanJapaneseworkersfromapharmaceutical
companybecauseofthelackofrandomnessinhisstudy,doesmakesenseworldwide.If
someonehatestheirjob,theyaremorelikelytobedepressedsinceajobissomethingtheyhave
todoforaroundeighthoursadayeverydaywhichcanbegintotakeatollofoneswellbeing.
Thisstudydoeshavesomelimitationsasthevalidityofmeasuringthecorrelationbetween
satisfactionanddepressionthroughascaleandtheremighthavebeenbiasthroughoutthestudy.

Korkki, Phyllis. Job Satisfaction vs. a Big Paycheck. The New York Times. The New York
Times, 11 Sept. 2010. www.nytimes.com/2010/09/12/jobs/12search.html?_r=0. 26
Oct.
2016.
ThisnewsarticlebyPhyllisKorkki,awriterfortheNewYorkTimes,discussesexactlywhatits
titlesuggests:jobsatisfactionvs.abigpaycheck.Korkkiclaimsthattomostpeopleabig
paycheckseemstobethemoreimportantofthetwo,butwhenlookingatresearchcomparing
howhappypeoplearewhenmoneyisinvolved,lackofmoneyiswhatmakestherealdifference
untilitdoesn'tanymore.Thelackofmoney,hesaid,nolongerhurtsyouafter$75,000.
Withmoremoneyusuallycomesmorestressfromamoredemandingjob,butusuallyhappiness
seemstoplateau.ThearticlewasclearlyintendedforAmericanadults;itcovershowsome
peoplecanmaketheswitchfromdentisttoschoolteacherandwhyotherscannotanditallboils
downtopriorities.Thisarticleshouldbeusefulwhendiscussingthefactthatmoremoneyisnt
everything.Generallypeoplecandowellwithlessofpaycheckiftheyrealizedstuffdoesnot
makethemanyhappierthanbefore.

Steen, Margaret. Job Satisfaction is more than Money and Status. EBSCOhost. Infoworld
Publishing Group, 27 Oct. 1997.
bi.galegroup.com.proxy.library.nd.edu/essentials/article/
GALE|
A19936266/bb8470bec8fedfe31aac5222de8059a2?u=nd_ref. 26 Oct. 2016.

MargaretSteenwrotethisshortarticleonwhatsomeITprofessionalshopedtoeventuallyget
outoftheircareer.Thisarticlecouldbeapplicabletoanumberofbusinesspeoplesinceitis
specificallyaboutITworkersbutthemessagecanapplytoanyonewithaprofessionaljob.While
somepeopledidsaytheywantedtoclimbthecorporateladder,manyotherssaidtheyweremore
interestedinflexiblehours,beingabletoworkathome,orworkingwithappreciativeend
users.Tosomemoneyandpowercanbeeverything,buttothosewhorealizehavingexuberant
amountsisoverratedismoreconcernedwithmaintainingtheirhomerelationshipsandbecoming
betteratheirjobswhichissomethingthathappenswhenpeopleactuallycareaboutthework
theyaredoing.Thisshortarticlewillserveasagoodexampleinmyessaytoshowthateven
whenyou'reinajobthatcouldpotentiallymakeyoualotofmoney,sometimesitsbetterto
focusonthelittlethingsthatsometimesgetoverlooked.