TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 9352:2012
T XY DNG - PHNG PHP TH NGHIM XUYN TNH
Soils - Method of cone penetration test
Li ni u
TCVN 9352:2012 c chuyn i t TCXD 174:2003 theo quy nh ti khon 1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu chun v
Quy chun k thut v im a khon 1 iu 7 Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 01/8/2007 ca Chnh ph quy
nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut.
TCVN 9352:2012 do Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng - B Xy dng bin son, B Xy dng ngh, Tng
cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.
T XY DNG - PHNG PHP TH NGHIM XUYN TNH
Soils - Method of cone penetration test
1 Phm vi p dng
1.1 Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php th nghim xuyn tnh v cc kin ngh s dng kt qu trong kho st
a cht cng trnh v phc v thit k nn mng.
1.2 Th nghim xuyn tnh ch s dng trong t dnh v t ri c hm lng cc ht ln hn 10 mm nh hn
25 %.
2 Thut ng v nh ngha
2.1
u xuyn (Penetration prope)
B phn nhy cm vi sc khng ca t gm mi cn v mng xng o ma st.
2.2
Mi cn (Cone tip)
B phn tn cng ca u xuyn, c hnh dng nn, dng xc nh sc khng mi cn q c.
2.3
Mi cn c nh (Fixed cone tip)
Khi th nghim xuyn th mi cn chuyn ng ng thi vi cc b phn khc ca u xuyn v cn xuyn.
2.4
Mi cn di ng (Free cone tip)
Khi th nghim xuyn th ch mi xuyn chuyn ng, cn cc b phn khc ca u xuyn v cn ngoi ng
yn.
2.5
Mi cn n gin (Simple cone tip)
Loi mi cn m pha trn chp nn l phn hnh tr, c ng knh bng ng knh y cn.
2.6
Mi cn c o bc (Cone tip with adhesion jacket)
Loi mi cn m pha trn chp nn l o bc, c chiu di ln hn ng knh y mi cn.
2.7
Mng xng o ma st (Friction sleeve surface)

ng thp nm ngang pha trn mi cn, dng o ma st thnh n v.

2.8
H thng cn xuyn ngoi (Outer rod)
Cc ng rng, dng n nh hng u xuyn xung t v bo v h thng cn trong hoc cp in.
2.9
Cn trong (Inner rod)
Cc cn c, dng n mi cn xung t.
2.10
B o - ghi kt qu (Data logger)
Bao gm b phn truyn thng tin t mi cn v mng xng o ma st (nu c) ln mt t v b phn o ghi kt
qu.
2.11
Xuyn in (Electric cone penetrometers)
Loi xuyn s dng b cm bin lc in gn u xuyn. Cc thng tin v lc c chuyn thnh tn hiu in
v truyn ln b o - ghi qua cc cp in trong cn xuyn.
2.12
Xuyn c hc (Mechanical cone penetrometers)
Loi xuyn s dng h thng cn truyn cc thng tin v sc khng xuyn ln mt t. Thit b o sc khng
xuyn c th l ng h thy lc hay vng k hoc thanh ng bin.
2.13
Thit b to lc nn (Pushing equipment)
Thit b dng n tnh cn v u xuyn xung t. i trng cho thit b to lc nn l neo hoc ti trng.
2.14
Vng gim ma st cn xuyn (Friction reducer)
Vng c gn vo cn v nm pha trn u xuyn to kh nng xuyn su.
2.15
Th nghim xuyn lin tc (Continuous penetration test)
Loi th nghim m khi o sc khng mi cn th mi cn chuyn ng ng thi vi cc b phn khc nh cn
xuyn v mng xng o ma st.
2.16
Th nghim xuyn gin on (Discontinuous penetration test)
Loi th nghim khi o sc khng mi cn th ch mi cn di ng, cn cc b phn khc nh cn xuyn v mng
xng o ma st ng yn.
2.17
Sc khng n v mi cn, qc (Cone tip resistance) (sau y gi tt l sc khng mi cn)
Sc khng ca t tc dng ln mi cn v c xc nh bng cch chia lc tc dng thng ng Q c (kN) cho
tit din y mi cn Ac (cm):

trong :

qc l sc khng mi cn,tnh bng kilpascan (kPa);

Qc l lc tc dng thng ng, tnh bng kilniutn (kN);
Ac l din tch tit din y mi cn, tnh bng xentimet vung (cm).
2.18
Ma st thnh n v, fs (Sleeve friction)
Sc khng ca t tc dng ln b mt ca mng xng do ma st v c xc nh bng cch chia lc tc dng
ln b mt mng xng Qs (kN) cho din tch ca mng xng As (cm):

trong :
fs l ma st thnh n v, tnh bng kilpascan (kPa);
Qs l lc tc dng ln ton b b mt mng xng o ma st, tnh bng kilniutn (kN);
As l din tch xung quanh ca b mt mng xng o ma st, tnh bng xentimet vung (cm).
2.19
Tng sc khng xuyn, Qt (Total cone tip resistance)
Lc cn thit n cn v u xuyn xung t. n v o l kilniutn (kN).
2.20
Tng ma st thnh, Qst (Total sleeve friction)
Lc tc dng ln ton b thnh cn xuyn cho n su th nghim v c tnh bng cng thc:
Qst = Qt - Qc (3)
trong :
Qst l lc tc dng ln ton b thnh cn xuyn, tnh bng kilniutn (kN);
Qt l lc tc dng ln ton b b mt mng xng o ma st, tnh bng kilniutn (kN);
Qc l lc tc dng thng ng, tnh bng kilniutn (kN);
2.21
T sc khng, Fr (Friction ratio)
T s gia ma st thnh n fs v sc khng mi cn qc cng mt su th nghim c th hin bng phn
trm hay s thp phn:

trong :
Fr l t sc khng, th hin bng phn trm hoc l s thp phn;
qc l sc khng mi cn, tnh bng kilpascan (kPa);
fs l ma st thnh n v, tnh bng kilpascan (kPa);
3 Quy nh chung
3.1 Th nghim xuyn tnh l n vo trong t mt u xuyn cng vi h thng cn xuyn bng lc tnh, xc
nh sc khng xuyn ca t. Khi th nghim vn tc xuyn phi m bo theo quy c.

3.2 Kt qu th nghim xuyn tnh dng :

- Xc nh ranh gii cc lp t v b mt lp t v b mt lp t cng, xc nh ng nht ca cc lp
t v khoanh nh d thng khc ca t;
- Xc nh cht ca t loi ct;
- i chng vi khoan thm d v th nghim trong phng phn chia loi t v xc nh mt s c trng c l ca cc lp t, phc v thit k nn mng trong iu kin cho php;
- Xc nh sc chu ti ca mng cc.
3.3 Phng php th nghim xuyn tnh trong tiu chun ny quy nh cho hai loi thit b xuyn: xuyn in v
xuyn c hc, v quy nh cho hai loi mi cn: mi cn di ng v mi cn c nh. Khi s dng loi thit b
hoc loi mi cn no th cn ghi ch r c tnh k thut ca chng trn biu xuyn v trong bo co kt qu
xuyn.
3.4 Vic b tr th nghim xuyn tnh trong mng li thm d v su ca chng cn tun theo cc tiu chun
v kho st hin hnh v tham kho Ph lc A.
Kch thc tnh bng milimt

Hnh 1 - u xuyn chun

4 Thit b xuyn tnh
4.1 Cc b phn ca thit b xuyn tnh tiu chun c quy nh nh sau:
4.1.1 Cho php s dng hai loi u xuyn: u xuyn c mng xng v u xuyn khng c mng xng o ma
st (xem Hnh 1)

Chiu di tng cng ca u xuyn (bao gm mi cn, mng xng o ma st v cn tip theo) phi ng bng 1
000 mm.
4.1.2 Mi cn gm hai phn l phn chp nn v phn hnh tr tip theo:
- Kch thc chun: ng knh mi cn (B) (y chp nn) l 35,7 mm. Gc nhn ca mi cn l 60.
Chiu cao ca phn hnh tr tip theo ca chp nn l 5 mm (xem Hnh 1);
Bng 1 - Dung sai trong ch to ca mi cn
Tn cc b phn k thut ca mi cn
ng knh y mi cn
Chiu cao mi cn

Kch thc

Dung sai (mm)

35,7 mm < B < 36,0 mm

+ 0,3

31,0 < L1 < 31,3

+ 0,3

nhm mt mi cn

<5
Bng 2 - Dung sai trong s dng ca mi cn

Tn cc b phn k thut ca mi cn

Kch thc

Dung sai (mm)

ng knh y mi cn

34,7 mm < B < 36,0 mm

-1

Chiu cao mi cn

24,0 mm < L1 < 31,3 mm

-7

Chiu cao phn tr tip theo

-2

4.1.3 Mng xng o ma st (xem Hnh 1 b)

- ng knh ca mng xng o ma st phi bng ng knh y mi cn, dung sai + 0,35 mm (c trong ch
to v s dng);
- Din tch ca mng xng o ma st: 150 cm 2 %;
- nhm b mt ca mng xng o ma st khi ch to l 0,5 m 50 % theo phng chiu dc. Khi s dng
th nhm ca mng xng khng nh hn 0,25 m;
- V tr ca mng xng o ma st phi nm ngay trn mi cn.
4.1.4 khe h gia mi cn v mng xng khng c ln hn 5 mm. Giong bc cc khe h gia mi cn v
mng xng, gia mng xng vi cn xuyn phi lm bng vt liu tt, c bin dng cao m bo nhy
khi o sc khng xuyn v khng cho ht t lt vo.
4.1.5 Cc cn xuyn ngoi c ni vi nhau bng ren v phi ng trc. cong ca 5 cn xuyn u tin
khng vt qu 4 v ca s cn xuyn cn li khng vt qu 8 .
Khi cn o tng ma st thnh Qst th ng knh ngoi phi l 36 mm 1 mm.
4.1.6 Thit b to lc nn phi m bo cc quy trnh sau:
- To ra c lc nn n cn xuyn v u xuyn n su th nghim;
- Vn tc xuyn phi khng i theo yu cu trong sut qu trnh th nghim;
- Chu trnh nng - h t nht phi bng chiu di cn xuyn.
4.1.7 Thit b o - ghi kt qu xuyn:
Sc khng xuyn (qc, fs, Qt ...) c xc nh qua b phn truyn tin t u xuyn ln mt t v c ghi nhn
li bng thit b thch hp.
4.1.8 Khi cn s dng vng gim ma st, th vng ny phi nm cch mi cn mt khong ln hn 1 000 mm.
4.2 Khi s dng cc thit b xuyn tnh c cu to khc vi cc quy nh ny th cn phi thuyt minh r c cn
c chuyn i v thit b tiu chun khi din gii kt qu.
4.3 Mt s loi thit b xuyn tnh thng dng c cc c tnh k thut c trnh by trong Ph lc B.
5 Cch tin hnh
5.1 Yu cu chung

5.1.1 Thit b xuyn tnh phi c cn, chnh v v tr thng bng. nghing ti a cho php khng vt qu 2
%. Trc ca cn xuyn phi trng vi phng thng ng ca thit b to lc nn.
5.1.2 Vn tc xuyn chun quy nh l 2 cm/s. Vn tc ny phi gi khng i trong sut qu trnh th nghim.
5.1.3 Th nghim xuyn lin tc l th nghim xuyn tiu chun. Khi s dng loi xuyn c hc vi cch thc
xuyn gin on th phi thuyt minh trn biu v trong bo co kt qu xuyn.
5.1.4 S liu ca th nghim xuyn lin tc phi c ghi lin tc. Trng hp phi ghi gin on th khong ghi
khng c ln hn 20 cm.
5.2 Xuyn c hc
5.2.1 Khi s dng u xuyn khng c mng xng o ma st th trnh t th nghim c tin hnh nh sau: n
cn v u xuyn xung v tr cn th nghim. Sau n cn trong cho mi cn xuyn xung t vi khong
su thch hp, xc nh sc khng mi cn qc. n tip cn ngoi v u xuyn xung mt khong ln hn 20
cm (thng l 16 cm) xc nh tng sc khng xuyn Qt. Th nghim c lp li theo chu trnh nh trn cho
n su kt thc.
5.2.2 Khi s dng u xuyn c mng xng o ma st th trnh t th nghim c tin hnh nh sau: n cn v
u xuyn xung v tr cn th nghim. Sau n cn trong cho mi cn xuyn xung t mt khong thch hp
xc nh sc khng mi cn qc. n tip cn trong cho mi cn v mng xng o ma st xung mt khong
thch hp xc nh tng sc khng ca mi cn v ca mng xng (Q sc). Sau n cn ngoi o sc
khng tng Qt. Th nghim c lp li theo chu trnh nh trn cho n su kt thc.
5.2.3 Sc khng ma st thnh n v fs khi th nghim xuyn vi u xuyn khng c mng xng o ma st, quy
nh 5.2.1 c xc nh nh sau:
Fs = (Qt - Qc)/Ats

(5)

trong :
Ats l tng din tch mt ngoi cn xuyn, tnh bng xentimet vung (cm).
5.2.4 Cch biu th kt qu:
- Sc khng mi cn qc trong khong o su xuyn ca mi cn c ghi l gi tr n nh dc trn ng h o.
Cn loi tr cc gi tr t bin trong khong xuyn ca mi cn;
- Gi tr tng sc khng ca mi cn v mng xng Q sc khi s dng u xuyn c mng xng o ma st quy nh
5.2.2 l gi tr trung bnh trong khong th nghim cn loi tr cc gi tr t bin trong khi th nghim.
5.3 Xuyn in
5.3.1 Trnh t th nghim: Lng cp dn in vo cn xuyn vi s lng t c n su cn th
nghim. Kim tra s hot ng bnh thng ca u xuyn v thit b o ghi kt qu. Sau tin hnh xuyn lin
tc.
5.3.2 o v ghi kt qu th nghim
Th nghim xuyn in c o lin tc bng thit b o in. Nu xuyn in c thit b t ghi v v biu th
khi th nghim ch cn quan st pht hin cc s c ca my mc thit b. Nu xuyn in thuc loi phi ghi kt
qu trn ng h o in th t nht c 20 cm phi ghi s liu mt ln.
5.4 Bo co th nghim
Kt qu th nghim c ghi vo s nht k xuyn tnh, quy nh Ph lc C (tr trng hp xuyn in t ghi
v v biu ). Ngoi cc s liu v sc khng xuyn, trong s nht k xuyn tnh cn ghi cc s liu sau: tn v
a im cng trnh, s liu im xuyn v ngy xuyn, cc ta im xuyn v mc nc di t sau khi kt
thc xuyn (nu xc nh c), loi thit b s dng v cc c tnh k thut ca n. Ngoi ra cn ghi li cc s
c v cc hin tng khc thng xy ra trong qu trnh th nghim.
6 Trnh by v s dng kt qu th nghim
6.1 Kt qu th nghim xuyn tnh c trnh by di dng biu xuyn. Trc tung ca biu th hin
su xuyn. Trc honh ca biu th hin cc loi sc khng xuyn.
6.2 Thc t l ca biu xuyn thng dng:
- 1 cm tng ng vi 1 m o su;

- 1 cm tng ng vi 1 MPa cho qc;

- 1 cm tng ng vi 5 kPa cho fs;
- 1 cm tng ng vi 5 kN cho Qt v Qst.
6.3 Trn biu xuyn tnh phi th hin cc thng tin sau: tn v a im cng trnh, s hiu im xuyn, cao
ta im xuyn, ngy xuyn, loi thit b xuyn. Mu mt biu xuyn tnh c quy nh Ph lc D.
6.4 a tng ca khu vc kho st c th c phn chia da trn kt qu th nghim xuyn tnh: hnh dng biu
xuyn, gi tr tuyt i sc khng mi cn v ma st thanh n v, cng nh tng quan tng i gia cc
gi tr o. Phn loi t c th c thc hin qua gi tr t sc khng F r trnh by Ph lc E. Trong nhiu
trng hp cn phi i snh vi s liu khoan v th nghim trong phng chnh xc ha vic phn chia.
6.5 Sc chu ti ca mng cc c xc nh qua cc biu xuyn tnh, kt hp vi cc mt ct a cht cng
trnh, theo cc quy nh nu trong Ph lc F.
6.6 Mt s c trng c l ca t nn nh: cht ca t loi ct, gc ma st trong ca t loi ct (khi C = 0),
lc kt dnh khng thot nc cu ca t loi st (khi = 0), m un bin dng khng n hng E0 v sc chu ti
cho php ca mng nng quy c R0 cho t loi st c th xuyn t kt qu xuyn tnh, trn c s cc tng
quan thc nghim, nu trong Ph lc E.
6.7 Cc c trng c l c xc nh theo cc Bng E.3, Bng E.4, Bng E.5 v iu E.4, c php s dng
cc trng hp sau:
- Tnh ton nn mng d kin, phc v giai on lp lun chng kinh t k thut cho cc loi nh v cng trnh;
- Trng hp t nn tng i tt v ng nht theo kt qu xuyn tnh cho php s dng s liu trong cc
bng nu trn tnh ton mng nng, phc v cho giai on thit k k thut hoc lp bn v thi cng i vi
cc nh v cng trnh cp III v cp IV.
7 Kim tra, bo dng, hiu chnh thit b xuyn tnh
7.1 Khi kt thc th nghim xuyn tnh hin trng, phi ra sch cn xuyn, u xuyn v cc b phn khc.
Bi du m vo cc ren xoay v b phn di ng ca mi cn, mi cn chuyn ng trn v nh nhng. Cn
xuyn v mi xuyn phi c xp cn thn vo hm ng chuyn dng.
7.2 i vi thit b xuyn in cn c bit lu n ch nhit , m ca u xuyn v hm ghi in.
Thng xuyn kim tra cc giong khe ni ca u xuyn v khe h gia mi cn v mng xng khng
cho nc v ht t chui vo.
7.3 i vi thit b xuyn c hc cn m bo trn ca cn trong vi cn ngoi v trn ca mi cn trc
khi xuyn. Cn thng xuyn kim tra, hiu chnh, thng du ng h o p lc (t nht 6 thng mt ln). Vi hp
pit - tng v xi - lanh thy lc th t nht 3 thng phi thng v thay du thy lc mt ln. Mi loi ng h o phi
c hai b lun phin hiu chnh v kim tra chnh xc ca nhau.
7.4 Kim tra thng xuyn mi mn ca u xuyn, m bo theo quy nh 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.1.4.
7.5 Cn thng xuyn kim tra ca cc cn xuyn trc v trong khi th nghim theo 4.1.5 ca tiu chun
ny.
7.6 i vi cc my mc ca thit b to p lc th phi bo m ch bo dng v tu sa theo quy nh cho
tng loi thit b.
Ph lc A
(Tham kho)
Mng li cc cng trnh thm d trong kho st a cht cng trnh
A.1 Vic chn v b tr cc mng li cng trnh thm d trong kho st a cht cng trnh (CCT) ph thuc
vo mc phc tp ca iu kin a cht cng trnh vng (a im xy dng), c im ca nh, cng trnh
c thit k xy dng, giai on kho st (giai on thit k) v yu cu k thut ca nhim v kho st iu
kin a cht cng trnh do thit k lp.
A.2 Khong cch gia cc cng trnh thm d ph thuc vo mc phc tp ca iu kin CCT, loi nh,
cng trnh xy dng v nhy cm vi ln khng u ca chng, v c xc nh theo Bng A.1.

Bng A.1 - Khong cch thm d theo phc tp iu kin CCT

n v tnh bng mt
phc tp ca iu kin CCT Khong cch gia cc im thm d theo cp nh, cng trnh
n gin

75 n 50

100 n 75

Trung bnh

40 n 30

50 n 40

Phc tp

25 n 20

30 n 25

CH THCH:
a) Chn khong cch ln khi nh, cng trnh khng nhy cm vi ln, chn khong cch nh khi
nhy cm;
b) Tng s cng trnh thm d cho mi nh v cng trnh khng t hn ba (k c nhng im
kho st trc );
c) Khi cn khoan cc thu knh, lp kp t yu hoc t c bt ng nht cao... th khong
cch gia cc cng trnh thm d c th nh hn 20 m.
A.3 Khi kho st thit k nh, cng trnh trn nn thin nhin, chiu su ca cc cng trnh thm d ph thuc
vo vng nh hng v chiu su ca lp chu nn, nhng phi su hn lp t chu nn 1 m n 2 m.
Khi khng xc nh c lp chu nn ca t nn, chiu su cng trnh thm d c xc nh theo Bng A.2.
A.4 Kho st thit k mng b (chiu rng ln hn 10 m) chiu su thm d c xc nh theo vng nh
hng bng tnh ton, nhng khi thiu s liu cn thit th chiu su thm d c ly bng mt na chiu rng
mng, nhng khng nh hn 20 m cho cc lp t. Khong cch gia cc cng trnh thm d khng ln hn 50
m, vi s lng khng t hn ba cho mt mng.
i vi cc mng ca b cha c dung tch ln hn 10 000 m th chiu su thm d khng nh hn 0,75,0 (D l
ng knh ln) vi s lng cng trnh thm d khng t hn nm trong c mt im tm b.
Bng A.2 - Chiu su cng trnh thm d
Nh trn mng bng
Ti trng trn mng,

Nh trn mng n

Chiu su cch y
mng (m)

Ti trng ln ct, (kN)

Chiu su thm d
cch y mng (m)

Di 100 (1)

4 n 6

Di 500

4 n 6

200 (2 n 3)

6 n 8

1 000

5 n 7

500 (4 n 6)

9 n 12

2 500

7 n 9

700 (7 n 10)

12 n 15

5 000

9 n 13

1 000 (11 n 16)

15 n 20

10 000

11 n 15

2 000 (>16)

20 n 23

15 000

12 n 19

50 000

16 n 25

kN/m (s tng)

CH THCH:
a) Chn chiu su nh khi lp t chu nn nm trn mc nc ngm, tr s ln khi xut hin
nc ngm;
b) Nu trong chiu su quy nh tng trn m gp lp t cng, th cn nghin cu vo 1
m n 2 m di lp mt phong ha yu, hoc di y mng khi n ta vo lp gc,
nhng chiu su thm d nh hn hoc bng tr s quy nh bng ny;
c) Nu trong chiu su quy nh bng trn m gp t yu th cn nghin cu qua lp t yu
y v vo lp t tt t nht 1 m.
A.5 Khi kho st thit k mng cc ng, th s lng cng trnh thm d khng t hn ba cho mi nh v cng
trnh.

Khi kho st thit k mng cc chng, s lng cng trnh thm d ph thuc vo mc phc tp ca iu
kin a cht cng trnh v c im ca nh v cng trnh c thit k xy dng v c xc nh theo Bng
A.3.
A.6 Chiu su thm d cho mng cc t trong t phi su hn chiu su thit k h cc t nht l 5 m. Khi ti
trng ca nhm cc chng ln hn 3 000 kN v khi dng b cc cho ton nh th 50 % s lng cng trnh thm
d phi c nghin cu n su nm di mi cc khng nh hn 10 m.
Khi cc ta vo lp gc, chiu su thm d phi su hn cc t nht 2 m.
CH THCH:
a) i vi cc ma st th chiu su thm d ch cn su hn y cc 1 m;
b) Khi gp lp b phong ha mnh, hoc pht trin hang ng cc - t (kast) th chiu su thm d cng c
xc nh theo c im ca iu kin a cht cng trnh v cng trnh thit k xy dng.
A.7 Khong cch v s lng im xuyn trong phm vi mt ngi nh hoc nhm nh ging nh quy nh A.2
v c xc nh theo Bng A.4.
Khi s dng cc chng, mi nh phi b tr t nht 6 im xuyn
Bng A.3 - c im cng trnh xy dng v khong cch thm d
c im nh v cng trnh xy dng

Khong cch, m/s im

Mc phc tp
n gin

Trung bnh

Phc tp

Nh di 10 tng, ti trng ca tng chu lc tc dng

ln mng 500 kN/m v ti trng ln khung ct 3 000
kN khi xy dng hng lot

70

50

30

Nh di 16 tng, ti trng ca tng chu tc dng ln

mng 3 000 kN/m v ti trng ln khung ct 20 000
kN/m

50

40

30

Nh qu cao (16 tng n 28 tng), hnh lang chu lc,

ng khi, l nung, nh c ti trng ln ct khung > 20 000
kN

40

30

20

Bng A.4 - Khong cch v s im xuyn

Cp
nh
I

II

Mc phc tp ca iu
kin CCT

Khong cch trung bnh gia S lng im xuyn ti thiu cho mt

cc im xuyn (m)
nh (nhm nh)

n gin

25

Trung bnh

15

10

Phc tp

10

12

n gin

40

Trung bnh

25

Phc tp

15

10

A.8 i vi nh cp III v cng trnh dng tuyn, khong cch gia cc im xuyn l 50 m n 100 m, v mi
nh b tr khng qu ba im xuyn.
A.9 i vi giai on kho st phc v lp lun chng kinh t k thut v thit k k thut, thng thng s
lng im xuyn t 50 % n 70 % tng s cc cng trnh thm d. Cc im xuyn tnh c b tr xem k vi
cc im khoan hoc cng trnh thm d khc (nn ngang, ct cnh).
i vi cc cng trnh loi nh v va, nm trong mt dng a hnh, cn b tr i chng song song gia khoan
v xuyn tnh t 1 cp n 3 cp ty theo mc phc tp ca t nn. Khong cch gia im khoan v im
xuyn tnh trong mt cp i chng quy nh t 1 m n 2 m.

i vi cng trnh ln, nm trong vng c iu kin a cht phc tp hoc c nhiu dng a hnh khc nhau, th
mi dng a hnh hoc mi khu vc a cht c trng cn b tr t 1 n 3 cp i chng.
A.10 i vi giai on kho st phc v thit k k thut hoc lp bn v thi cng, khi c nhiu kh nng la
chn gii php mng su th s lng im xuyn c th ln ti 80 % n 100 % tng s lng ca cng trnh
thm d xc nh b dy cc lp t yu, b mt v b dy lp t tt ta cc v dng kt qu xuyn tnh
ton thit k mng cc.
Khi c nhiu kh nng s dng mng nng, s lng im xuyn c th chim ti 50 % tng s cc cng trnh
thm d xc nh ranh gii, b dy cc lp t, khoan vng yu, nh gi ng nht ca cc lp t. S
lng cc cng trnh thm d cn li c b tr khoan ly mu, cho cc loi hnh kho st khc (ct cnh, nn
ngang ...) xc nh cc c trng c l cn thit cho thit k nn mng.
A.11 Khi kho st xc nh ranh gii, b dy, cht v ng nht ca t p v t lp, khoanh vng
cc ti bn hoc xc nh b dy, cht hoc ng nht v mt s c trng c l phc v thit k cho
t loi ct (khng th ly c mu nguyn trng) th khi lng c th chim t 80 % n 100 % tng s cc
cng trnh thm d.
Ph lc B
(Tham kho)
c tnh k thut ca mt s thit b xuyn tnh thng dng
B.1 c tnh k thut ca mt s thit b xuyn tnh thng dng
Bng B.1 - c tnh k thut ca mt s thit b xuyn tnh thng dng
c trng thit b

Xuyn c hc

Xuyn in

Lin X c

H Lan

Php

Mi cn di ng

Mi cn di ng

Mi cn c nh

35,7

35,7

40,5

Gc nhn mi cn (0)

60

60

60

Tit din mi cn (cm)

10

10

15

ng knh cn ngoi (mm)

37,5

37,5

45,0

ng knh cn trong (mm)

18

15

1 000

1 000

1 500

Vn tc xuyn (cm/s)

1 n 2

Cch thc th nghim

Gin on

Gin on

Lin tc

Cch thc o ghi

Gin on

Gin on

in, t ghi v v
biu

i trng

Neo

Neo

Kh nng n (kN)

100

100

Loi mi cn
ng knh mi cn (mm)

Chiu di cn xuyn (mm)

B.2 Mt s u xuyn tnh thng thng

100

Ph lc C
(tham kho)
Mu nht k th nghim xuyn tnh
C.1 Mu ba ngoi ca nht k th nghim xuyn tnh
- Tn c quan:
- Tn t th nghim:
Nht k th nghim xuyn tnh
- Tn cng trnh:
- a im:
- Cng trnh bt u ngy ... thng ... nm ...

kt thc ngy ... thng ... nm ...

- Loi thit b s dng v c tnh k thut c bn:
- Ngi th nghim:
- Ngi kim tra:
C.2 Mu cc t bn trong s
- S hiu im xuyn:

S b tr im xuyn

- Ngy th nghim:
- Cao ta im xuyn:
X = ...
- su kt thc th nghim:.
- su mc nc ngm:..
su
(m)

Sc khng
mi cn
(105 Pa)

(1)

(2)

Tng sc khng
mng xng v mi
cn Qsc (kN)
(3)

Tng sc Tng sc khng Ma st thnh

khng Qt
ma st thnh n v/,(105
Qst (kN)
Pa)
(kN)
(4)

(5)

Ph lc D
(Tham kho)
Mu mt biu xuyn tnh
KT QU TH NGHIM XUYN TNH

(6)

Ghi ch

(7)

CH THCH:
Sc khng mi cn qc (105 Pa)
Ma st thnh n v fs (105 Pa)
Ph lc E
(Tham kho)
Xc nh mt s c trng c l ca t nn bng kt qu th nghim xuyn tnh
E.1 Da vo sc khng mi cn qc, cht ca t loi ct c xc nh theo Bng E.1
Bng E.1 - cht ca t xc nh bng xuyn cn
Loi ct

qc (105Pa)

cht

150 < qc

Cht

Ct ht th v ht trung

Ct ht mn

Ct ln bi

Ct bi bo ha

50 < qc < 150

Cht va

qc < 50

Ri

120 < qc

Cht

40 < qc <120

Cht va

qc < 40

Ri

100 < qc

Cht

30 < qc < 100

Cht va

qc < 30

Ri

70 < qc

Cht

20 < qc < 70

Cht va

qc < 20

Ri

E.2 T khng Fr ca thit b xuyn tnh c mi cn n gin cho t nn vng H Ni, c xc nh theo Bng
E.2
Bng E.2 - T khng Fr ca t nn vng H Ni
Loi t

Gii hn qc (105 Pa)

Ct ht th, trung

qc > 90

0,3 < Fr < 0,8

Ct ht mn

qc < 90

0,5 < Fr < 1,7

Ct bi, ct pha

qc < 30

1,0 < Fr < 3,0

St pha

7 < qc < 40

2,0 < Fr < 4,0

St

7 < qc < 30

4,0 < Fr < 9,0

Bn

2,0 < Fr < 5,0

E.3 Da vo sc khng xuyn qc, gc ma st trong ca t loi ct c xc nh theo Bng E.3.

Bng E.3 - Gc ma st trong ca t loi ct
(), su

qc (105 Pa)
2m

5m

10

28

26

20

30

28

40

32

30

70

34

32

120

38

34

200

36

36

300

40

38

E.4 Da vo sc khng xuyn qq, lc dnh kt khng thot nc Cu ca t loi st ( = 0) c xc nh nh

sau:

trong :
CuLc

dnh kt khng thot nc ca t, n v o l kilpascan (kPa);

qc Sc khng mi cn,n v o l kilpascan (kPa);

0 p lc bn thn ca t ti su th nghim, n v o l kilpascan (kPa).
E.5 Da vo sc khng mi cn qc, sc chu ti cho php ca mng nng quy c c b rng B xp x bng
chiu su t mng D, i vi t loi st c xc nh theo Bng E.4.
Bng E.4 - Sc chu ti cho php ca mng nng
qc (105 Pa)

Ro (105 Pa)

10

1,2

20

2,2

30

3,1

40

4,0

50

4,9

60

5,8

E.6 Da vo sc khng xuyn qc, m un bin dng (Eo = ac.qc) ca t nn vng H Ni c xc nh theo
Bng E.5.
Bng E.5 - Quan h qc v m un bin dng
Gii hn qc (10 Pa)

Gi tr c

St, st pha

qc < 15

5 < c < 8

Cht, cng

qc > 15

3 < c < 6

st, st pha

qc >8

4,5 < c < 7,5

Do mm, do chy

q c< 7

3 < c < 6

W (%) <70

3 < c < 6

qc < 6; W (%) > 70

2 < c < 4

10 < c < 35

3 < c < 5

qc > 20

1,5 < c < 3

Loi t

Bn st
Bn st pha
Ct pha
Ct

- Gi tr Eo = oqc, trong Eo l m un nn mt trc trong phng th nghim, c n v o l 10 Pa.

trong :
o l h s tng quan gia Eo v qc;
qc l sc khng mi xuyn ca thit b xuyn P.v.s.

Eo l m un nn mt trc trong phng th nghim, n v o l kilpascan (kPa);

eo H s rng ban u ca t;
H s nn ln ca t, n v o l mt phn mt trm kilpascan m tr mt (

1
kPa-1 ).
100

E.7 Tng quan ca mt s thit b xuyn tnh cho t nn vng H Ni nh sau:

Ph lc F
(Tham kho)
Xc nh sc chu ti ca mng cc bng kt qu th nghim xuyn tnh
F.1 su ngm cc ti hn Dc l su ngm cc cn thit vo trong t m vt qu gi tr th sc khng
mi cc Qp gi nguyn gi tr khng i.
- Trng hp t nn mt lp: Dc = 6B (B l cnh ca cc);
- Trng hp t nn nhiu lp: Dc = 3B khi g 0,1 MPa;
Dc = 3B 6B khi g < 0,1 MPa;
trong : g l p lc ct t.
F.2 sc khng mi cc c xc nh theo cng thc:
Qp = A . q p

(F1)

qp = Kc.qc

(F.2)

trong :
A l tit din mi cc;
qp l ng sut gii hn mi cc.
Gi tr qp c xc nh bng cng thc:
trong :
Kc ly theo Bng F.1;
qc l sc khng mi cn trung bnh, ly trong khong 3 B pha trn v 3 B pha di mi cc.
F.3 Ma st ton b thnh cc gii hn Fs c xc nh bng cng thc:

trong :
P.hsi l din tch mt bn thnh cc lp t th i, tnh bng mt vung (m 2);
U l chu vi cc, tnh bng mt (m);
hsi l b dy lp t th i, tnh bng mt (m);
qsi l ma st thnh n v ca lp t th i, n v o l kPa v c xc nh theo sc khng mi cn qc cng
su, theo cng thc:

trong h s ph thuc vo loi t v loi cc, v ly theo Bng F.1.

Bng F.1 - Tr s th nghim xuyn tnh cho cc loi cc
Loi t

Sc H s mang
khng
ti Kc
mi cn
Cc Cc
(***) nhi ng
qc
(kPa)

t loi
st chy,
bn (*)

Ln
hn 2
000

t loi
2 000
cng va n 5
000
t loi
st cng
n rt
cng

0,4

H s
Cc nhi

Gi tr cc i (kPa)

Cc ng

Cc nhi

Cc ng

Thnh Thnh Thnh Thnh Thnh Thnh Thnh Thnh

b tng ng b tng ng b tng ng b tng ng
thp
thp
thp
thp

0,5

30

30

30

30

15

15

15

15

0,35 0,45

40

80

40

80

(80)

(80)

(80)

35

35

35

35

(80)

(80)

(80)

35

35

35

35

35

35

35

35

Ln 0,45 0,55
hn 5
000

Ct chy 0 n 2 0,4
500

0,5

60

(60)

120

150

(**)

60

120

(60)

(120)

80

60

1 000

(200)

(120)

(80)

(120)

250

80

35

80

300

(150)

(120)

(150)

(200)

120

80

120

35

120
Ct cht
va

2 500
n 10
000

0,4

0,5

Ct cht
n rt
cht

Ln
hn 1
000

0,3

phn, Ln
mm
hn 5
000

0,2

0,3

100

120

100

120

35

35

35

35

phn
Ln
phong
hn 5
ha,
000
mnh vn

0,2

0,4

60

80

60

80

(150)

(120)

(150)

120

120

80

120

0,4

(100)

(200)

180

250

150

300

150

(200)

120

CH THCH:
(*) Cn ht sc thn trong trong khi ly gi tr ma st thnh cc ca st mm v bn, v khi tc
dng mt ti trng nh ln n, hoc c vi ti trng bn thn cng lm cho loi t ny ln v to
ra ma st m;
(**) Cc gi tr trong ngoc c th s dng khi;
- i vi cc nhi, thnh h c gi tt, khi thi cng, khng gy ph hoi thnh h v thi cng
cc t cht lng cao;
- i vi cc ng c tc dng lm cht t khi ng cc;
(***) Gi tr sc khng mi cn nu trong Bng F.1 ng vi mi cn n gin.
F.4 Sc chu ti cho php ca mt cc c xc nh bng cch ly sc chu ta gii hn tnh c theo quy nh
trn, chia cho h s an ton F; F t 2 n 3 cho yu t mi cc v F = 2 cho yu t ma st thnh cc.

F.5 Ty thuc yu cu ca thit k, hoc khch hng m c th tnh ton sc chu ti ca mt cc theo kt qu
xuyn tnh, quy nh trong TCXD 21:1986.
TH MC TI LIU THAM KHO
1) TCXD 21:1986, Tiu chun thit k mng cc.
MC LC
Li ni u
1 Phm vi p dng
2 Quy nh chung
3 Thut ng v nh ngha
4 Thit b xuyn tnh
5 Cch thc th nghim
6 Trnh by v s dng kt qu th nghim
7 Kim tra, bo dng, hiu chnh thit b xuyn tnh
Ph lc A (Tham kho): Mng li cc cng trnh thm d trong kho st a cht cng trnh
Ph lc B (Tham kho): c tnh k thut ca mt s thit b xuyn tnh thng dng
Ph lc C (Tham kho): Mau nht k th nghim xuyn tnh
Ph lc D (Tham kho): Mau mt biu xuyn tnh
Ph lc E (Tham kho): Xc nh mt s c trng c l ca t nn bng kt qu th nghim xuyn tnh
Ph lc F (Tham kho): Xc nh sc chu ti ca mng cc bng kt qu th nghim xuyn tnh
Th mc ti liu tham kho