HARD ROCK

&

HEAVY METAL
A presentation by Allye Baker, Sarah Bennett
& Adam Borgione

Hard Rock Elements

-Blues, Jazz & Folk Roots

-Loud and powerful vocals, as well as ballads

-Lyrical themes regarding love & human relationships; Sex, Drugs, & Rock N Roll

-Acoustic guitars; strumming & plucking

-Electric guitars; power chords

-Double-bass drums & the bass riff

-Synthesizers, Fuzz Pedals, Feedback & Distortion
-Extended improvisations & extensive guitar solos

Hard Rock
-Prominent blues musicians, Muddy Waters, and Willie Dixon were two of many influences of hard
rock; many covers of blues songs, as well as folk and jazz have been done by hard rock musicians.
Willie Dixons Spoonful: https://youtu.be/6HMafOfhAus
Creams Spoonful: https://youtu.be/KC41DqcagxQ?t=7s
-Cream made the song much more heavy then the original, particularly by replacing the piano as
the main carrier of the melody & soloist, with the drums and Gingers use of the double bass.
Muddy Waters, Standing Around Cryin (original: 1952): https://youtu.be/Dy_5_heozlQ
Eric Clapton and Muddy Waters performing Standin Around Crying:
https://youtu.be/qJIQeTRoBYQ?t=8s

Hard Rock
-Cream was a major influence toward the entire spectrum of rock, and considered the cream of the
crop, in both guitar and bass style, effects, vocals, lyrics, and the drums.

-Jimi Hendrix was particularly influenced by Cream, as well as folk artist, Bob Dylan. Jimi incorporated
parallel bass lines in his three piece band, the Jimi Hendrix Experience, and credits Creams first album,
Fresh Cream as one of many inspirations to his own epic guitar style.
-Jimi is coined as one of the greatest guitar players of all time, to this day, due to his innovative guitar
style, and performance, and his intuitive sense of notes and rhythm, despite not having any teachers, or
music literacy.
-One of the beauties of music is sharing ideas, and collaboration: upon hearing Jimis use of the wah

pedal, Creams guitarist, Eric Clapton began to incorporate it into his music as well.
Jimi Hendrix Experience- Voodoo Child (1:04 wah) (11:00 drum solo) (12:00 band continues):
https://youtu.be/cHJRIlNXwdk

Jimis, Hey, Joe, solos with teeth! https://youtu.be/Rw9JQC8nhhY

Cream
-A three piece band, emerging from 1967, influenced by Blues, Jazz, and Folk, adding
distortion, feedback, and various guitar pedals, as well as extended improvisations with
each instrument.
-Particularly influenced by musicians such as Howlin Wolf, Muddy Waters, Buddy Rich,
Fela Kuti, Buddy Holly, Link Wray, and Elvis Presley.

-Members included Ginger Baker on drums, Eric Clapton on the guitar & the late Jack
Bruce as lead vocals, and bass.
Eric Clapton covering, Crossroads using the wah pedal: https://youtu.be/jvouiDJSTUE
Written by Blues musician, Robert Johnson in 1936, Crossroads has been covered by
many musicians throughout many genres: https://youtu.be/GsB_cGdgPTo

Free, another British Hard Rock band covered the song as well:
https://youtu.be/mFO8KmbTdsc

Bass Riff & jack Bruce

-The bass riff is a relatively short, repeated melody, that gave the
song, as a whole, a hypnotic effect that allowed the rest of the band
to improvise off of, without changing the song, or losing its unity.
-To create a thicker, more full, and powerful reinforcement of the
riff heavy metal would later use this technique as well.
Sunshine of Your Love: https://youtu.be/7PgD3uFNWDg
(Play until at least 2:30)

Double bass & Ginger Baker

-The double bass pedal is the use of two separate pedals being played one

immediately after the other, on the biggest drum on the set, the bass drum.
-In the beginning, the sound of the double bass was originally two bass drums
played one after the other.

-Drum contemporaries such as Big Band legend, Louie Bellson, and later, Creams,
Ginger Baker, pioneered this setup.
-This technique would later be one of the essential aspects in heavy metal, but
with the typical use of the double bass pedal hitting one bass drum.
At 2:23ish Ginger Baker explains the double bass:

https://youtu.be/hIMIMSb9mpc

distortion
-Thought as the first implementer, Link Wray, in the late fifties poked a pencil through

his amp speaker to create a rough, gravely, muffled sound.

-The first known song to use the technique was Link Wrays Rumble, in 1958.
-This technique was later popularized by the Kinks You Really Got Me in 1964; however
this was accidental.
When Link Wray released the thrilling, ominous "Rumble" in 1958, it became one of the
only instrumentals ever to be banned from radio play for fear that it might incite gang
violence. By stabbing his amplifier's speaker cone with a pencil, Wray created the
distorted, overdriven sound that would reverberate through metal, punk and grunge.
Rolling Stone Magazine
Rumble: https://youtu.be/fHEmDLQKrrk

Synthesizers
-A sound synthesizer is an electronic musical instrument,
capable of producing a wide range of sounds, much like the
mellotron.
-Synthesizers were used to imitate other instruments as well as
to generate new timbres from previously recorded sounds.
-One of the most famous synthesizer musicians was, Keith
Emerson, from Emerson Lake and Palmer, of whom passed away
just recently.

Feedback
-Feedback is simply created by playing your guitar or bass directly in
front of its amplifier.
-Feedback can be traced to Jimi Hendrix, The Beatles (I Feel Fine 1964),

The Who (My Generation 1965) and several others of the 60s era.
Lou Reeds 1975 Metal Machine: https://youtu.be/XIMSbKU2oZM?t=20m18s

It didnt sound ahead of its time in 1975, and it sure doesnt sound ahead
of its time now. Metal Machine Music sounds like a self-indulgent mess
designed with one purpose in mind: To piss people off.
Michael Galluci of Ultimate Guitar

What is a Ballad?
-Any light, simple song, especially one of sentimental or romantic character,
having two or more stanzas all sung to the same melody; originating from Folk
music.
You only hear them nowadays on late-night compilation commercials or as
Muzak at the dentists office or at inebriated karaoke nights. Most of them are

coated in a thick layer of Velveeta cheese and full of single entendrs and
metaphors so simple a three year old could have written them. But you know you
love them. - Dan Tucker of vH1

Ballad Examples
Night Ranger, Sister Christian (1983): https://youtu.be/z92bmlcmyq0
Heart, What About Love? (1985): https://youtu.be/KE5GGMhmo-M
Bad Company, Love Me, Somebody (1976): https://youtu.be/wyunzhDQ gM
-Heavy Metal was also guilty of ballads
Lizzy Ford & Ozzy Osbourne, Close My Eyes Forever (1988):
https://youtu.be/foGkU6x3eSE
Scorpions, Wind of Change (1990): https://youtu.be/n4RjJKxsamQ
Van Halen, Cant Stop Loving You (1995): https://youtu.be/dFNdhm3mli0
In Van Halen there were moments, like in some of the ballads, I put my
heart and soul into those records. Those lyrics when I sang 'em, I gave
myself goosebumps. Sammy Hagar

Women in Hard Rock

-Lyrical elements of love and human relationships made it easier for
women to become successful in Hard Rock.

-Heart, for example, was a one group, fronted by two females, that truly
made an impact for the females in Rock.
-Whereas the harshness and macho-attitude of Heavy Metal was (for the

most part) male dominated until other forms of metal surfaced.

Heres a lovely woman singing some Doom Metal:
Thorrs Hammer: https://youtu.be/rNfSsEaBDMY?t=3m3s (beginning
clean; 3:15 growling) when looking up Thorrs Hammer make sure it has two Rs!
Better audio on this one, but not live: https://youtu.be/wx2ldaqwQHA

Heart
-Singer Ann Wilson, and her sister Nancy Wilson on guitar, started their band

"Heart up in Canada.
-They released their debut album "Dreamboat Annie" in 1976, including hit
songs, "Crazy on You and, Magic Man, with powerful rock vocals, and the
mixture of acoustic and electric guitars, doubling in their rocktastic power.
-They continue to rock the amphitheaters (and radio) to this day, with many

bands from all genres covering and attributing Heart within their own styles.
Heart Barracuda 1976 (play until 1:34): https://youtu.be/zJR4ixBvqK4
The Accsed cover 1988 : https://youtu.be/N_wsZlrvKNY

British heavy metal

-The common themes within British ( as well as American) heavy metal included
bass riffs that would gradually descend giving the music a heavy feel.

-Power was an important element within British rock, along with symbolism such
as death, evil, and witchcraft.
-Power chords were incorporated throughout, to achieve more power, hence the

name. Guitars and bass would sometimes be tuned lower than usual to also give
heavy evil feeling, of which many other forms of metal use, such as Black Metal,
Doom and Stoner Metal.
-As far as vocals, they were just as powerful as the guitars, and often included
belting and even screaming.

Led Zeppelin
-Led Zeppelin was a part of the British Blues revival and heavily influential in British
Heavy Metal, and many other forms of music to this day.
-Their use of heavy bass riffs, along with guitarist, Jimmy Pages experimental

instrumentation (such as dragging the violin bow across the guitar strings), combined
with the powerful and technical drums of John Bonham, Robert Plants screeching &
moaning vocals, and blues driven melodies led to something quite innovative.

-Although the band had incredible success, they did get into legal trouble when Chicago
Blues musician Willie Dixon sued Led Zeppelin for copyright infringement for their song,
Whole Lotta Love, sounding too close for comfort to Dixons song, Gimme Love.
-The band broke up in 1980 after drummer John Bonham died in an alcohol related
incident.

Led Zeppelin continued

Whole Lotta Love (1969): https://youtu.be/Q0utAHY3xo4
-Song includes an instrumental introduction featuring a distorted guitar riff,
psychedelic improvisations, and a steady drum beat.
-Jimmy Page plays an electronic instrument called a Theremin to create
distorted sounds that slide around in different rhythms.

-Robert Plant performs his usual extraordinary vocal range and ability to scream,
shout and belt.
Dazed & Confused (live performance in 1968): https://youtu.be/mMCbmkD5xao

Robert Plant

Jimmy Page

John Bonham

John Paul Jones

Black Sabbath & Ronnie James Dio

-Ozzy Osbourne "The Prince Of Darkness" was born John Michael Osbourne
December 3, 1948 in Birmingham, England.
-Ozzy started his career as the vocalist in the band Earth, which emulated the
same parallel bass lines as Cream and Led Zeppelin, but became more successful
when they began playing heavier music with dark undertones.

-The band changed their name in 1968 and that was the year that Black Sabbath
was born. There were many members of Sabbath and even Ozzy left for a time
and was replaced by Ronnie James Dio, of Elf and Rainbow.
-However, Toni Iomi remained the lead guitarist throughout the entirety of
Sabbaths member changes, and to this day.

Black Sabbath & Dio continued

Black Sabbath, Paranoid (1970, released in 1971):
https://youtu.be/hkXHsK4AQPs

Ozzy Osbourne with Randy Rhoads, Mr. Crowley(1981

performance) solo at 4:20:
https://youtu.be/G3LvhdFEOqs
Black Sabbath with Dio, Heaven and Hell(1980):
https://youtu.be/kLYB6cULUGI
Dio, Rainbow in the Dark (1983):
https://youtu.be/bkysjcs5vFU

Ronnie James Dio: the man behind the

horns
https://youtu.be/JDH9VzbKHMk

Feel the danger, see the glory

Hear the thunder of a heavy metal
It will take you, hypnotize you
Raise your fist with a rebel yell
I am metal and I'll never die
We are metal and we'll never die

I will crank you up, you can't bring me down

I will make you high, metal will never die
Nothing evil, nothing sacred
Just a power that's been created
There to take you and possess you
Shout it out with a voice from hell
I am metal and I'll never die
We are metal and we'll never die
Metal will NEVER die!
Metal Will Never Die: https://youtu.be/uBRsr7AAVbo

Dio, Dream On (Aerosmith) cover:

https://youtu.be/H7KTRpmeTdM
Dio, Holy Diver:
https://youtu.be/bkysjcs5vFU
Rainbow, Stargazer:
https://youtu.be/rVXy1OhaERY

Black Sabbath, Italy Concert, (Dio years):

https://youtu.be/Qy5acKyBdI?list=PLUExzbC8YSWpY_S9CQ6Gpub
nKMgfjP_MO
Elf, Aqualung (Jethrotull) cover:
https://youtu.be/1oI-dsUw6Ko
Tribute to Dio, by over 10 talented musicians:
https://youtu.be/lkgOQkps5LM

Judas Priest
-Forming in 1971, Judas Priest became the image of British Heavy Metal, and have been an
introduction into the Metal Scene for many people; with their songs covered by many
prominent Metal.
-Originally just a four piece (singer, guitar, bass and drums), in 1974 they added a second
guitarist that played parallel lines to the other guitar, much like the Allman Brothers
(and later influenced Iron Maiden).
-Not only their sound expanded, but also the power they had in their image of bikerwear, with steel spikes as accessories, and overall badassery.
Breakin The Law (1980): https://youtu.be/XPhPbTbjYM0
Screaming For Vengeance (1982): https://youtu.be/aMwsadlUHCE
Painkiller (1990) 1st solo at 2:09-3:38: https://youtu.be/nM__lPTWThU
Painkiller Death cover; (play until :52/solo at 2:10-3:35): https://youtu.be/g0sh-vOEMi0

Iron Maiden
-Named after a medieval torture device, they are associated most strongly
though their references to war, destruction, famine and big brother.

-Iron Maiden used two guitars, but also added a punk-like element, with
their intense, chugging and energetic guitar riffs with simple power
chords, but are classified as Heavy Metal due to their lyrics, double bass,

high speed, parallel bass lines, and epic solos.

Run to the Hills (1982 Number of the Beast Album):

https://youtu.be/86URGgqONvA

American Heavy Metal

-The late sixties influenced more than just Britain. One of the first American

groups to use distortion was Iron Butterfly, from California.

-They used strong descending bass lines, and later incorporated the effects of
distortion.
-Before they used distortion they used an electric organ, and much like a
synthesizer, added the sound of a guitar being played.

You can watch one of their full performances from 1971. Check out their
expressions, and how involved they are in their playing (as well as their dress):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXF1MdH8u1I

Iron Butterfly
-Iron Butterfly was a heavy metal band from San Diego, California.
-The band was started by Doug Ingle (vocals and organ), Lee Dorman (bass
guitar), Ron Bushy (drums), and Erik Brann (guitar).
-Their biggest hit was In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida(1968) which had a strong bass

riff, the electric organ, and guitar distortion.

-They stayed together until the late 70s, but continued to play concerts
every so often.
In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida (1968): https://youtu.be/UIVe-rZBcm4

Alice Cooper
-Alice Cooper was born Vincent Furnier, in Detroit, Michigan.
-Fun Fact: When he was 13 years old he babysat Keanu Reeves and is now his God Father.
-His stage presence was theatrical seeing that he would bring out live snakes and perform
staged executions. Cooper would wear black makeup and leather clothing which created an
androgynous look, of which is said to have been a direct influence from . The bands lyrical
content was different than British heavy metal because rather than singing about destruction
and death he would sing about topics more closely related to fans such as the song Schools

Out and "I'm Eighteen". However, keeping in line with his shock-rock value, he also wrote
songs that werent asrelatable?
Dead Babies (1971): https://youtu.be/TEe-N80w7Rs
Dead Babies Live performance filmed by a slightly obnoxious fan:
https://youtu.be/MMXugwpJ2rQ

Van Halen
-Brothers Edward and Alex Van Halen formed the band Mammoth in 1968, after moving from
Nijmegen, Netherlands to Pasadena, California.

-They were influenced by Cream, Black Sabbath, classical composers, and soul and funk music,
particularly James Brown.
-The brothers eventually formed Van Halen in 1974 and attracted David Lee Roth as vocals,
Michael Anthony on bass and money/power hungry, Gene Simmons for their productions.
-Roth implemented the style of James Brown, and made it his own, along with his flirtatious
voice and overall attitude, spandex and stage demeanor.
-That mixed with the brothers Van Halen, of which had extensive training in classical music
on the piano and guitar, were bound to make it big.
-Unfortunately Roth tried to out-stage the rest of the band, because of his own self-absorbed
attitude, and was replaced by Sammy Hagar for a time.
You Really Got Me (1978): https://youtu.be/HB8WHA3WWz0

Glam Metal
Glam or glitter, was a style of dress more than music Katherine Charlton
-Beginning in the late sixties and early seventies in England, Glam included
various , including the late David Bowie.
-In 1973, in New York, the band Kiss took on Heavy Metal and destroyed it
with glitter, humor and androgynous outfits, yet highly sexual lyrics (that are
frankly perverted, but I suppose thats apart of the humor).
-The image they created continued to be popular in the eighties, but were

soon to be referred to as Hair Metal or my personal favorite, Butt-Rock.

Big Bottom Spinal Tap: https://youtu.be/YjC0vMIrOAk?t=3m9s

KISS
Rock and Roll All Nite (1975): https://youtu.be/EFMD7Usflbg
I Was Made For Lovin You (live performance in 1979):
https://youtu.be/pLdKDHn88Zg
Heavens On Fire (1984-KISS without make-up): https://youtu.be/EZjevnnkA20
Lets Put The X in Sex (1998): https://youtu.be/lNKJ4SPj_Rw
Christine Sixteen (on David Letterman in 2012): https://youtu.be/cY3g-UwnPaI

If you need more convincing, here are the lyrics to the latter of the songs listed:

She's got me dizzy, she sees me through to the end

She's got me in her hands and there's no use in pretending
-Christine sixteen, Christine sixteenShe drives me crazy, I want to give her all I've got
And she's hot every day and night, there is no doubt about it (verse)
-Christine sixteen, Christine sixteenI don't usually say things like this to girls your age
But when I saw you coming out of the school that day
That day I knew, I knew (Christine sixteen)
I've got to have you, I've got to have you

She's been around, but she's young and clean

I've got to have her, can't live without her, whoa no
(end.)
Live on David Letterman in 2012: https://youtu.be/cY3g-UwnPaI

Bibliography
http://www.musmart.in/iframe/iframe-synthesizer.html
http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/s/sammyhagar280521.html
http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-guitarists-20111123/link-wray-20111122
http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=583
http://www.metalinsider.net/lists/ozzy-osbournes-solo-albums-ranked
http://joeleddrums.com/tag/mitch-mitchell/
40 Years Ago: Lou Reed Releases One of Rock's Most Hated Albums, 'Metal Machine Music' |
http://ultimateclassicrock.com/lou-reed-metal-machine-music/?trackback=tsmclip
Rock and Music Styles: A History, by Katherine Charlton
VH1s Metal Show
YouTube
-power point comprised by Allye Baker-

Miscellaneous Videos
Rick Allen (Def Leppard) talks about his drumming techniques after
losing his arm:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GK4MldxBDJ4
How Alice Cooper got his name:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVYr5rrM9OY
Awesome rant from Ted Nugent in 1978. It gives some insight to the kind
of strange human he is:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0iPr-0apjI

Ch. 12 Listening Guides

Cream, Sunshine of You Love (1967): listen to the hypnotic bass riff and strong drum beat.
Heart, Magic Man (1976): listen for acoustic and electric guitar overlap, and powerful female vocals.
Led Zeppelin, Whole Lotta Love (1969): copycat of Willie Dixons, Gimme Love; listen for differences in
distortion use and guitar style.
Black Sabbath, Paranoid (1971): Similar chord and tempo as Iron maidens, Run to the Hills; listen to the

descriptive and emotional lyrics, and parallel bass lines.

Judas Priest, Victim of Changes (1976):
Alice Cooper, Schools Out (1972): Much like Pink Floyds The Wall, Alice inserts vocal clips of children

yelling, cheering and singing; along with the lyrics representing the negative effects of strict
curriculum.
Van Halen, You Really Got Me (1978): cover of the Kinks, 1964; listen to the distortion.
Kiss, Rock and Roll All Nite (1975): party every day wasnt relevant to them (except for Ace Freely),
however they Rocked and Rolled all night with hundreds of women.