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APPLICATION OF

COMPUTER
1. EDUCATION
2. HEALTH AND
MEDICINE
3. FINANCIAL
INSTITUTION
4. PASS TIME
5. TRANSPORT
SYSTEM
6. BUSINESS
7. E-COMMERCE
8. DESIGN
9. DEFENSE
GENERATION OF
COMPUTERS
1. VACUUM TUBESdevices used to
amplify signals
2. TRANSISTORScomputers that
stores instruction
into memories
3. INTEGRATED
CIRCUITS- contain
thousands of
transistors
4.MICROPROCESSOR
S- contain thousands
of ICs
5. ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE- can
understand spoken
words and imitate
human being
TYPES OF
COMPUTER
1.
SUPERCOMPUTERS
2. SERVER
3. PERSONAL
COMPUTER
4. LAPTOP/
NOTEBOOK
5. DESKTOP
6. WORKSTATION
7. MICROCOMPUTER
HARDWARE-

RAM- the system


memory which
remains as long as it
is running
ROM- built in
computer memory;
contains
programming that
allows to boot up
computers
TYPES OF RAM
1. DRAM(Dynamic
Access Random
Memory) - the
memory must be
constantly refreshed
or will lost its
contents; 60
nanoseconds
2. SRAM (Static
Random Access
Memory)- doesnt
need to refresh; 10
nanoseconds
3. EDO(Extended
Data Output)- stores
256 bytes
4.SDRAM(Synchrono
us Dram)
5.SGRAM(Synchrono
us Graphics Ram)transfer data when
CPU expect them to
be ready
6. DDRSDRAM(Double Data
Rate SDRAM)transfer rate if data
doubles
TYPES OF ROM
1.PROM(Programma
ble Read Only
Memory)- one time
programmable
2. EPROM(Erasable
Programmable
ROM)- can erase by
UV
3.EEPROM(Electrical

MOTHERBOARD- main
circuit board inside that
connects different parts
together
BIOS- perform hardware
checks whenever your
comp turns on and
allows you to access
hardware info, power
settings, overclock and
under clock, cpu and
ram
MAJOR MOTHERBOARD
COMPONENTS
1. CPU
2. RAM
3. BIOS
4.CMOSRAM(Complemen
tary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor Ram)
5. CACHE MEMORYenhances performance
by pre-loading
6. EXPANSION BUSinput/output pathway
from CPU to peripheral
devices and is made up
of a series of slots on
the motherboard
7. CHIPSETS- group of
small circuits that
coordinate the flow of
data to and hard disk
and other devices
8. CPU CLOCK- provides
the basic timing signals
TWO MAIN CHIPSETS
1. NORTHBRIDGEcontrol transfers
between the processor
and the RAM, located
near the processor;
Graphic Controller
Memory Controller Hub
2. SOUTHBRIDGEhandles communications
between slower
peripherals devices

SOFTWARE- general
term for the various
kinds of programs
used to
operate computers
and related devices.
SYSTEM SOFTWAREdesigned to run a
computers hardware
and application
programs, is the
interface between
the hardware and
user applications
OPERATING SYTEMmost important
program; that allows
two or more users to
run programs at the
same time
TYPES OF SYSTEM OF
SOFTWARE
1. PROGRAMMING
SOFTWAREa program or set of
programs which
helps the software
developers by
assisting them in
creating, debugging
and maintaining
other programs
and applications.
2. UTILITY
SOFTWARE- system
software designed to
help analyze,
configure, optimize
or maintain a
computer
3. APPLICATION
SOFTWAREproductivity
programs
PROGRAMMING
TOOLS
1. SOURCE CODE
EDITOR- is a text

NEGATIVE TYPES
OF SOFTWARE
1. MALWAREmalicious
software
2. ALWARE- free
ware when you
register
3. GREYWARE
4. NAGWARE
5. BLOATWARE
6. SLIME WARE
7. ABANDON
WARE
8. DRIBBLE
WARE
COMPUTER
NETWORK
SYSTEMmultiple
computers are
connected to
each other to
share
informations
TYPES OF
COMPUTER
NETWORK
1. LOCAL AREA
NETWORKconnects
computer in
limited area
2.METROPOLITA
N AREA
NETWORKconnects in
large area
3. WIDE AREA
NETWORKregional
HARDWARES
REQ. TO SETUP
1. Network
Cables
2. Distributors
3. Router

collection of physical
parts of a computer
system
HARDWARE PARTS
OF
MICROCOMPUTER
1. COOLING SYSTEMremoved the waste
heat
2. CPU
3. RAM AND ROM
4. MOTHERBOARD
DATA- representation
of facts, concepts
INFORMATIONclassified data which
has some
meaningful values
DATA PROCESSINGreordering of data to
increase usefulness
SYSTEM
SPECIFICATIONfreeware system
information utility
that produces
specification
ARCHITECTUREmost important
factor to determine
performance
CACHE- store up
instructions
FRONT SIDE BUShow fast a
microprocessor
communicates with
the motherboard
HARD DRIVES- data
storage
SOLID STATE DRIVEhave no moving
parts
HARD DISK DRIVEmechanical arm to
read and write data
to move around and
read information
GRAPHIC SYSTEM

ly EPROM)
4.EAPROM(Electrical
ly Alterable Rom)type of eeprom that
can be modified one
bit at a time
5. FLASH MEMORYmodern type of
EEPROM , can be
erased and faster
than EEPROM

INPUTS- the signals


or data received by
the system
OUTPUTS- the
signals or data send
from it
I/O DEVICES- control
the computer and
display information

editor program
2. COMPILERtransforms source
code into another
computer language
3. INTERPRETER- is
a computer
program that
performs
previously compiling
them into a machine
language

COMPUTER
PERIPHERALSdevice that is
connected to a
computer but is not
a part of the core

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