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LUMINESCENCE
UDC 539
2003
Introduction
The phenomenon of DL consists of photo-induced light
emission for a long time (seconds and more) after
illumination of a sample and was proved to exists not
only in conventional solid state systems but also in
biological ones [1]. A big amount of experimental data
has been accumulated in the last twenty years [212]
from which it emerges that DL possesses a number
of characteristic properties which are sensitive to the
chemical, physical, and physiological state of a system,
and can give the global information on the organism.
Among these, we recall the main:
a) the correspondence of the DL kinetics in a long
time interval to the phenomenological Becquerel law,
given by the hyperbolic time dependence:
I (t) =
I0
(1 + t ) a
(1)
699
dn
,
dt
(2)
(3)
dN
= pd pr N n pl N (0 ) + Y ,
dt
(4)
d
= pd + pl N (0 ) .
dt
700
(6)
and the probability of electron localization pl is proportional (with the coefficient ) to the energy of the
localized states, which is split from the energy of the
conducting band bottom by the value E s, and, generally, depends on the number of localized states :
E s ()
pl () =
.
(7)
h
When solitons are non-correlated (at very small
concentrations, in not long enough macromolecules,
etc.), electrons localize in the independent (bi)soliton
states, and the probability of localization is independent of the soliton concentration [15]. On the
contrary, when the soliton correlation is essential, the
energy of localized states depends on the soliton
concentrarion, that is restricted by the maximum
available value 0 , above which solitons do not exist
[21]. Therefore, in this case, the probability of
localization, which is proportional to the energy of
localization (7), has the form [21]
,
pl = p0 1
0
(8)
where
p0 =
J g 20
,
3
h
= 2.
(5)
(9)
(10)
DELAYED
LUMINESCENCE
= pd t,
dz
=
d
x=
,
0
(11)
y=
N
,
0
z=
n
,
0
p0
=
.
pr
(12)
(13)
dz
,
d
(14)
dz
= a y z + P (z),
d
(15)
dy
= x a y z a y (1 x) 2 + P (z),
d
(16)
dx
= x + a y (1 x) 2 ,
d
(17)
where:
(19)
(20)
(21)
(22)
(24)
P 0 (1 + P 0 ) P 0 + 1
2 (P 0 1) 2
(25)
R (z) = 1 2z + 1
z ,
P
0
S (z) =
y=
B (P 0 , ) =
pr 0
,
pd
(23)
A (P 0 , ) =
z = x + y,
a=
P 0 2zP 0 + P 0 z 2
.
1
1 + 2 z + z 2
P 0 + P 0 (P 0 1) z
1
P0
.
1+
P0
P 0 P 0 + (P 0 1) z
(26)
(27)
701
702
DELAYED
LUMINESCENCE
703