CONTENTS

ARITHMETIC..................................................................................1-1
1.1
arithmetic terms....................................................................1-1
1.2
directed numbers..................................................................1-1
1.3
factors...................................................................................1-2
1.3.1 Prime numbers........................................................1-2
1.3.2 LCM.........................................................................1-3
1.3.3 HCF..........................................................................1-3
1.4
bidmas..................................................................................1-4
1.5
fractions................................................................................1-5
1.6
decimals................................................................................1-8
1.7
weights and measures..........................................................1-11
1.8
ratio & proportion..................................................................1-12
1.9
mean averages.....................................................................1-15
1.10 powers & roots......................................................................1-16
1.11 standard form........................................................................1-19
1.12 logarithms.............................................................................1-20

ALGEBRA.......................................................................................2-1
2.1
algebraic terms.....................................................................2-1
2.2
equations..............................................................................2-4
2.3
transposition of fomulae.......................................................2-6
2.4
linear equations....................................................................2-11
2.5
equation construction...........................................................2-17
2.6
simultaneous equations........................................................2-19
2.7
quadratic equations..............................................................2-22

NUMBERING SYSTEMS................................................................3-1

GEOMETRY....................................................................................4-1
4.1
angular measurement...........................................................4-1
4.2
polygons...............................................................................4-2
4.3
radian measurement.............................................................4-2
4.4
area & volume.......................................................................4-3

GRAPHS.........................................................................................5-1
5.1
construction..........................................................................5-1
5.2
mathematical formulae.........................................................5-2

TRIGONOMETRY...........................................................................6-1
6.1
trigonometric ratios...............................................................6-1
6.2
sine/cosine rules...................................................................6-3

COMPLEX NUMBERS...................................................................7-1

CALCULUS.....................................................................................8-1
8.1
differentiation........................................................................8-1
8.2
maxima & minima ................................................................8-2
8.3
integration.............................................................................8-3

ARITHMETIC ANSWERS...............................................................9-1
9.1
Arithmetic terms....................................................................9-1
9.2
Directed numbers.................................................................9-1
9.3
Factors..................................................................................9-1
9.3.1 Prime numbers........................................................9-1
9.3.2 LCM.........................................................................9-2
9.3.3 HCF..........................................................................9-2
9.4
BIDMAS................................................................................9-2
9.5
Fractions...............................................................................9-2
9.6
Decimals...............................................................................9-3
9.7
Weights and measures.........................................................9-4
9.8
Ratio and proportion.............................................................9-4
9.9
Mean average.......................................................................9-5
9.10 powers and roots..................................................................9-5
9.11 standard form .......................................................................9-7
9.12 logaritghms...........................................................................9-7

10. ALGEBRA ANSWERS...................................................................10-1

10.1 agebraic terms......................................................................10-1
10.2 equations..............................................................................10-2
10.3 transposition of formulae......................................................10-3
10.4 linear equations....................................................................10-5
10.5 equation construction...........................................................10-7
10.6 simultaneous equations........................................................10-7
10.7 quadratic equations..............................................................10-8

11. NUMBERING SYSTEMS ANSWERS............................................11-1

12. GEOMETRY ABSWERS.................................................................12-1
12.1 angular measurement...........................................................12-1
12.2 polygons...............................................................................12-1
12.3 radian measurement.............................................................12-1
12.4 area and volume...................................................................12-2
13. GRAPHS ANSWERS......................................................................13-1
13.1 construction..........................................................................13-1
13.2 mathematical formulae.........................................................13-4
14. TRIGONOMETRY ANSWERS........................................................14-1
14.1 trigonometric ratios...............................................................14-1
14.2 sine/cosine rules...................................................................14-2
14.3 values in quadrants..............................................................14-3
15. COMPLEX NUMBER ANSWERS..................................................15-1
16. CALCULUS ANSWERS.................................................................16-1
16.1 differentiation........................................................................16-1
16.2 maxima and minima.............................................................16-3
16.3 integration.............................................................................16-5

These notes have been prepared by British Airways Engineering Training Centre to provide a source of reference during
your period of training. The information presented is as correct as possible at the time of printing and is not subject to
amendment action.

PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

1. ARITHMETIC
1.1.

ARITHMETIC TERMS

Q1. Without the use of a calculator, work out:

(a)

3091 + 457

(b)

69456 + 47351

(c)

693 + 974

(d)

3091 - 457

(e)

69456 47351

(f)

693 974

(g)

3091 x 45

(h)

6945 x 473

(i)

693 x 974

(j)

7368 4

(k)

5625

(l)

142186 46

1.2.

DIRECTED NUMBERS

Q2. Evaluate the following:

(a) 6 (-2)

(b) (-6) 2

(c) (-6) (-2)

(d) 6 2

(e) (-10) 5

(f) 1 (-1)

(g) (-4) (-2)

(h) (-3) 3

(i) 8 (-4)

(j)
(m)

(k)
(n)

(l)

Q3. Answer true or false to the following problems:

(a) -5 -6 = 11

(b) -7 - (+5) = 12

(c)

(-5) - (-8) = 3

(d)

(-6) (-7) = 42

(e)

(-8) 5 = 40

(f)

3 x (-4) = 12

(g)

8 (-2) = -4

(h)

(-9) (-3) = 3

(i)

(-6)2 = 36

1.3.

(j)

-8 + 3 = -5

FACTORS

1.3.1 PRIME NUMBERS

Q4. Determine the factors of the following numbers:

(a)

24

56

42

Q5. Which of the following numbers are factors of 12?

2,

3,

4,

5,

6,

12, 18, 24.

Q6. Which of the numbers in Q5 are multiples of 6?

Q7. Write down all the multiples of 3 between 10 and 40.
Q8. Express the following numbers as a product of prime factors:
(a)

24

(b)

36

(c)

56

(d)

132

Q9. Write down the next four prime numbers larger than 19.

1.3.1 LCM
Q10. Find the lowest common multiple of the following sets of numbers.
(a)

8 and 12

(b)

3, 4 and 5

(c)

2, 6 and 12

(d)

3, 6 and 8

(e)

2, 8 and 10

(f)

20 and 25

(g)

12, 42, 60 and 70

(h)

18, 30, 42 and 48

(i)

20 and 32

(j)

10, 15 and 40

1.3.3 HCF

Q11. Find the highest common factor of the following sets of numbers.
(a)

8 and 12

(b)

24 and 36

(c)

10, 15 and 30

(d)

26, 39 and 52

(f)

28, 42, 84, 98 and 112

(e)

18, 30, 12 and 42

1.4.

BIDMAS

Q12. Evaluate the following:

(a)

12 x 3 2

(d)

7 x 6 12

(g)

(j)

3 + 4 x 2 - 1

(b)

4+5x7

(c)

15

(e)

17 2 (5 3)

(f)

7+6x4

- (7 + 2) - 6 + 14

(h)

6 4 3
4 1

3 + 5 2

(k)

3 6 - 8

4+2

(m) 8 2 + 3

(i)

(l)

4 6 4 3
1

7 5 - 2 + 4 6

(n)

7 5 - 12 4 + 3

(o)

2 + 8 (3 + 6)

(p)

11 - 9 3 + 7

(q)

17 - 2 (6 - 3)

(r)

2 + 3 (7 - 13)

(s)

11 - 12 4 + 3 (6 - 2)

1.5.

FRACTIONS

Q13. Evaluate the following fractions. Give your answers in their lowest common
form.
(a)

3 4

4 5

(b)

1 2 5

6 3 12

(d)

2 7

3 8

(e)

1 3 3

4 8 12

(g)

2 5

7 3

(h)

3 2
4
7 5

(j)

5 15

8 64

(k)

46 23

15
9

(c)

2 2 1

3
3 5 10

(f)

2 7
7
7 2

(i)

1 3 11

11 5 2

(l)

6 3

5 2
9
20

Q14. Evaluate the following fractions:

(a)

1 1 3

3 4 7

(b)

1
1
1
4
2

(c)

1
6
1
8
7

(d)

1
1
1
9
3

(e)

3
1
3
4
3

(f)

1
1
1
4
2

(g)

7
2
x 5
9
5

(h)

11
6
x 1
13
7

(j)

(k)

3
4

(i)

1
3

(l)

2
1
x 1
9
3

11

3
22

Q15. For questions (a-l) state the numeral corresponding to the correct answer.
(a)

When the fraction is reduced to its lowest terms the answer is:
(i)

(b)

(ii)

Which of the following fractions is equal to ?

(i)

(c)

(ii)

(iii)

960

(ii)

192 000

(iii)

The mixed number 3 is equal to:

(i)

(f)

(ii)

The LCM of 5, 15, 40 and 64 is:

(i)

(e)

(iii)

The fraction when written with denominator 56 is the same as:

(i)

(d)

(iii)

(ii)

(iii)

The mixed number 2 is equal to:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

640

(g)

is equal to:
(i)

(h)

(ii)

(iii)

(ii)

(iii)

is equal to one of the following, when the answer is expressed in its

lowest term.
(i)

(l)

(iii)

is equal to:
(i)

(k)

(ii)

is equal to:
(i)

(j)

(iii)

is equal to:
(i)

(i)

(ii)

(ii)

(iii)

(ii)

(iii)

is equal to:
(i)

DECIMALS

1.6.

Q16. Convert the following fractions to a decimal value (3 d.p.).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

7
8

6.
(f)
(k)

3
4

(p)
(u)

(l)

(q)
2

(v)

(m) 13

(n)

11

(o)

(r)

(s)

(w) 8

(x)

10
(t)
(y)

Q17. Write the following decimals and fractions as percentages:

(a)

0.31

(b)

0.05

(c)

0.005

(d)

1.5

(e)

3
5

(f)

2
3

(g)

1
25

(h)

21
200

(i)

3
8

(j)

67.5%

(e)

88.5%

3
4

Q18 Write the following percentages as fractions:

(a)

32%

(b)

89%

(c)

102%

(d)

Q19. In questions (a-j) state the numeral corresponding to the correct answer.
(a) The number 002857 correct to 3 places of decimals is:
(i)

0028

(ii)

(b) The sum of 5 + +

(i)

517

0029

(iii)

0286

5017

(iii)

50107

130063

(iii)

130063

0150 03

(iii)

0015003

(iii)

1232 686

is:
(ii)

(c) 130063 1000 is equal to:

(i)

13006.3

(ii)

(d) 15003 100 is equal to:

(i)

0015 003

(ii)

(e) 182 0013 521 is equal to:

(i)

12326 86

(ii)

1232686

(f) The number 158 861 correct to 2 significant figures is:

(i)

15

(ii)

160 000

(iii)

16

(g) The number 0081 778 correct to 3 significant figures is:

(i)

0082

(ii)

0081

(iii)

00818

(h) The number 0075 538 correct to 2 decimal places is:

(i)

0076

(i) The number

(i)

(ii)

0075

(iii)

008

1
correct to 4 significant figures is:
6

01616

(ii)

01617

(iii)

01667

(j) 0017 0027 is equal to (correct to 2 significant figures):

(i)

063

(ii)

63

(iii)

0063

Q20. For questions (a-j) state whether the answer is true or false.
(a)

= 00505

(b)

5+

= 513

(c)

826 - 138 - 244 = 444

(d)

11011 100 = 1111

(e)

0101 01 100 = 0010 101

(f)

00302 =

(g)

20 963 = 21 000, correct to 2 significant figures.

(h)

0099 83 = 010, correct to 2 significant figures.

(i)

0007 891 = 0008, correct to 3 decimal places.

(j)

05 02 = 25

1.7.

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

Q21. For questions (a - h) carryout the following conversions:

(a)

Convert 15.6 litres to gallons (UK).

(b)

Convert 43.3 horsepower to Watts.

(c)

Convert 15.8 kilometres to miles.

(d)

Convert 15 bar to lb in-2

(e)

What is the SI unit of measurement of temperature, length, time, mass?

(f)

What is the imperial measurement of temperature, length, mass and

volume?

(g)

Convert 16 in to cm

(h)

convert 1.87 imperial gallons to U.S. gallons.

1.8.

RATIO AND PROPORTION

Q22. For questions (a-k) state whether the answer is true or false.
(a) The ratio 200m to 5km is the same as .
(b) When 600kg is divided in the ratio 3:2 the two amounts are 360kg and 240kg.
(c) When 900m is divided in the ratios 2:3:5 the three lengths are 200m, 300m
and 400m.
(d) A fraction expressed with a denominator of 100 is called a percentage.
(e) is the same as 42%.
(f) 0725 is the same as 725%.
(g) 35% is the same as .
(h) 2045% is the same as 2045.
(i) 20% of 80 is 16.
(j) If 15% of a complete length is 45mm the complete length is 300mm.
(k) An alloy consists of 80% copper and 20% tin. The amount of tin in 50kg of the
alloy is 20kg.

Q23. For questions (a-j) state the numeral corresponding to the correct answer.
(a) When 1200 is divided in the ratio 7:5 the smallest amount is:
(i)

700

(ii)

500

(iii)

240

(b) When a length 36m is divided in the ratio 5:4:3 the smallest amount is:

(i)

09m

(ii)

15m

(iii)

120m

(c) An alloy contains copper, lead and tin in the ratio of 15:3:2, the amount of lead
in 400kg of the alloy is:
(i)

300kg

(ii)

60kg

(iii)

40kg

(d) 40 men working in a factory produce 6000 articles in 12 working days. The
length of time required for 15 men to produce the 6000 articles is:
(i)

32 days

(ii)

4days

(iii)

64 days

(e) 35% is not the same as:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(f) is the same as:

(i)

44%

(ii)

44%

(iii)

22%

(g) 30% of a certain length is 600mm. The complete length is:

(i)

2000mm

(ii)

200mm

(h) What percentage of 150 is 48.

(iii)

20 mm

(i)

48%

(ii)

36%

(iii)

32%

(i) The composition of an alloy is 36 parts of copper, 12 parts of tin and 2 parts of
antimony. The percentage of tin in the alloy is:
(i)

12%

(ii)

24%

(iii)

30%

(j) A line 920mm long is divided into 4 parts in the ratio 15:13:10:8, the longest
part is:
(i)

260 mm

(ii)

200 mm

(iii)

300 mm

Q24. Evaluate the following proportion problems:

(a)

If y x, and y = 4 when x = 10, find:

(i)

(b)

If y
(i)

(d)

If y
(i)

(e)

and

(ii)

x when y = 16

(ii)

x when y = 48

(ii)

x when y = 2

(ii)

x when y = 1

If y x, and y = 3 when x = 2, find:

(i)

(c)

y when x = 15

If r
(i)

y when x = 4

and

1
, and y = 4 when x = 6, find:
x

y when x = 8

and

1
, and y = 4 when x = 6, find:
x2

y when x = 4
1
s

and

, and r = 7 when s = 36, find:

r when s = 49

and

(ii)

s when r = 10.5

1.9.

MEAN AVERAGE

Q25. Calculate the arithmetic mean for the following:

(a)

2, 4, 5, 8, 3, 4, 7, 2, 1.

(b)

3, 4, 9, 2, 8, 4, 6, 7, 3, 6, 7, 3, 3.

(c)

11, 3, 9, 3, 8, 12, 9.

(d)

- 3, - 1, 0, 7, 6, 4, 1.

(e)

56.5, 52.1, 53.2, 53.1, 51.1

(f)

103, 104, 105, 106, 104, 105.

(g)

63%, 43%, 57%, 67%.

(h)

Five numbers have a mean of 6. If a sixth number is added to the set, the
mean rises to 7. What is the extra number?

(i)

A set of ten numbers have a mean of 6.5. An eleventh number raises the
mean to 6.6. What is the number?

(j)

If the set of numbers {2, 7, x, 4, 3} has a mean of 4.4; what is the value of x?

(k)

The mean of five numbers is 39. Two of the numbers are 103 and 35 and
each of the other three is equal to x. What is the value of x?

1.10.

POWERS AND ROOTS

Q26. Simplify the following, giving your answer as a single power.

(a)

25 26

(b)

a a2 a 5

(c)

n8 n5

(d)

34 37

(e)

b2 b 5

(f)

105 103 104

(g)

z4 z2 z-3

(h)

32 3-3 33

(i)

(j)

(k)

(93)4

(m) (t t3)2

(n)

(p)

(q)

(l)
(c-7)-2

(y2)-3
(o)

(r)

Q27. Without using tables or calculators, find the values of the following.

(a)
(d)

(b)
24 2-1

(g)

(c)
(e)

2-2

(f)

(h)

(i)

3-3 3-4

(k)

(l)

(m) 7 240

(n)

(o)

(j)

(5-1)2

Q28. Simplify the following:

(a) 81
2

(b)

64 3

(f)

360

(c)

81

(d)

(6 104) (4 10-

42 45

(e) 225

(g)

Q29. Evaluate the following expressions.

(a)

24 26

(b)

31 3 2

(c)

(d)

23 22 2 1

(e)

32 3 3 34

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

(k)

(63)2

(l)

(m) (34)2

(n)

(42)2

(o)

(p)

(q)

(r)

(s)

(t)

(u)

(v)

(23)4

Q30. Write each of the following as a single power.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

2
3

(j)

3
4

x4

Q31. Without using tables or calculators find the values of the following.
1

(a)

(d)

(g)

(j)

(m)

52 5 2 5 2

64

1
6

(b)

(e)

16 4

(h)

1605

(k)

5
2

44

1
2

(c)

2
3

(f)

1
9

3
2

36-05

(n)

0.5
16

83

25

3
2

1
2

(i)

(l)

1
3 4

(o)

Q32. Simplify the following, expressing each answer as a power.

(a)

(b)

a 3
a

(e)

m
m

3
4

(k)

1.11.

(g)

3
2

1
2

x2

1
3 3

(i)

(f)

5
2

b b

(d)

(h)

(c)

2
3

5
2

y3

(j)

n
4

x2
x 2

STANDARD FORM

Q33. Write down the following in standard form.

(a)

128

(b)

176

(c)

(e)

0125 10-5

(f)

175763

000175

(d)

248 102

Q34. Write down the following in standard form.

(a)

000176

(b)

(d)

(e)

(g)

0003287 GN

3200 kW
(h)

450 x 103
(f)
200 F

(c)

6360 10-2

20126 mA

Q35. Write down the following as a decimal number.

(a)

2736 10-4

(b)

00176451 105

(c)

000127654 10-2

(d)

498747 10-3

(e)

28934 103

(f)

1.12.

LOGARITHMS

Q36. Using your calculator find the value of the following (3 d.p.):
(a)

log 17.9

(b)

log 462.7

(c)

log 0.0173

(d)

ln 3.15

(e)

ln 362.7

(f)

ln 0.156

Q37. Using the relevant log rule evaluate the following:

(a)

log10 10000

(b)

log5 125

(c)

log8 2

(d)

lg10 100

(e)

log4 8

(f)

log2 16

Q38. Using the relevant log rule solve the following equations:
(a)

log10 x = 4

(b)

lg x= 5

(d)

lg x = - 2

(e)

log8 x =

4
3

(c)

log3 x = 2

(f)

ln x = 3

Q39. Using the relevant log rule solve the following for x
(a)

3x = 6.4

(d)

e3x = 8

(b)

2x = 9

(c)

2x = 5.5

2. ALGEBRA
2.1.

ALGEBRAIC TERMS

Q1. Simplify the following.

(a)

7x + 11x

(b)

7x - 5x

(c)

3x - 6x

(e)

-8x + 3x

(f)

-2x + 7x

(g)

8a - 6a + 7a

(h)

5m + 13m - 6m

(i)

6b2 - 4b2 + 3b2

(j)

6ab - 3ab - 2ab

(k)

14xy + 5xy - 7xy + 2xy

(l)

-5x + 7x - 3x - 2x

(m) -4x2 - 3x2 + 2x2 - x2

(n)

3x - 2y + 4z - 2x - 3y + 5z + 6x + 2y - 3z

(o)

3a2b + 2ab3 + 4a2b2 - 5ab3 + 11b4 + 6a2b

(p)

12x3 - 34x2 + 26x + 37x2 + 36x - 28

(q)

pq + 21qr - 22rq + 8qp

(r)

26a2b2 - 34b3 - 27a3 - 3a2b2 - 21b3 + 15a3

(s)

2x 5y

(t)

3a 4b

(u)

3 4m

(v)

q 16p

(w) x (-y)

(x)

(-3a) (-2b)

(y)

8m (-3n)

(z)

(- 4a) x 3b

(d)

-2x - 4x

Q2. Simplify the following.

(a)

(-4a) 3b

(c)

3a (-4b) (-c) 5d

(e)

4a (-7b)

(f)

(-5a) 8b

(g)

(-3a) (-3b)

(h)

4a 2b

(i)

4ab 2a

(j)

12x2yz2 4xz2

(k)

(-12a2b) 6a

(l)

8a2bc2 4ac2

(m) 7a2b2 3ab

(n)

a a

(o)

b (-b)

(p)

(-m) m

(q)

(-p) (-p)

(r)

3a 2a

(s)

5x x

(t)

5q (-3q)

(u)

3m (-3m)

(v)

(-3pq) (-3q)

(w) 8mn (-3m2n3)

(x)

7ab (-3a2)

(y)

2q3r4 5qr2

(z)

(-3m) 2n (-5p)

(b)

8p (-q) (-3r)
(d)

12x 6

Q3. Remove brackets and simplify:

(a)

X + (3Y - 2X) - (2X - 3Y)

(b)

a - (b - c) - (c - a) - (a - b)

(c)

m + n - (mn - m) + (mn - n)

(d)

3X2 - (Y2 + X2) + (X2 - Y2)

(e)

3X + [(Y - 1) - (X - 1)]

(f)

X (X + Y) - [X2 - X (1 + Y)]

(g)

X2 - {Y2 - [X2 - (X2 + Y2)]}

(i)

4 (Y + 3) - 2 (7 + Y) + 2

(h) 5 (2X - 3) - 2 (X - 8)
(j)

ab (a2 - b2)

Q4. Expand the following brackets:

(a)

(-3y + 2x) (x - y)

(b)

(5y - 2x) (-2y + 3x)

(c)

(3a - 5b) (2a - b)

(d)

(-3a - b) (-2a - 2b)

(e)

(5p - 2q) (5p - 2q)

(f)

(2n + 2m) (4n - 3m)

(g)

(3k - 2p) (5p - 2k)

(h)

(2s - 4p) (-3s + 2p)

(i)

(-5b + 2j) (3j - 2b)

(j)

(2p - 5q) (3q + 3p)

Q5. Factorise the following:

(a)

4X - 4Y

(b)

4X - 8XY

(c)

aX + bX + cX

(d)

5a - 10b + 15c

(e)

2r2 + rh

(f)

ab3 - a2b

(g)

5X3 - 10X2Y + 15XY2

(i)

2a2 - 3ab + a3b2

(j)

m2 m3
m4

pn pn 3 p 2 n 2

(h)

Io + Io t

2.2.

EQUATIONS

Q6. In the following questions choose the numeral corresponding to the correct
answer:
(a)

If v = u + at, u = 4, a = -2 and t = 3, then the value of v is:

(i)

(b)

(ii)

-2

(iii)

If v = u + at, v = 12, u = 6 and t = 2, then the value of a is:

(i)

(c)

(ii)

(iii)

-3

Given the values u = -2, v = 3 and s = 5 and also that s = t,

then the value of t is:
(i)

(d)

25

(ii)

20

(iii)

10

The volume of a cone is given by V = . If V = 25 and r = 2, then the

approximate value of h is:
(i)

(e)

22

(iii)

100

If v = u - at, then t is equal to:

(i)

(f)

(ii)

(ii)

(iii)

If A = 2R(R + H), then H is equal to:

(i)

A - 2R2

(ii)

-R

(iii)

R-

(g)

If f = md(T - t), then t is equal to:

(i)

(h)

(iii)

T-

+4

(ii)

-2

(iii)

+2

(iii)

v-

If F = , then u is equal to:

(i)

(j)

(ii)

If S = 90(2n - 4), then n is equal to:

(i)

(i)

-T

v=

(ii)

-v

If x = 2y - , then v is equal to:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

2.3.

TRANSPOSITION OF FORMULAE

Q7. Transpose the formulas below for the stated letter:

(a)

I =

for R

(b)

P =

for F

(c)

C = D

for D

(d)

F = Rn

for

(e)

W = F D

for F

(f)

P = gh

for

(g)

v =

(h)

P1 V1 = P 2 x V2

for m
for V2
for T2

(i)

(j)

(k)

(l)

XL = 2fL
XC =
A =

for C
for h

for V2

(m)

(n)

for f

A = r2

for r

(o)

V = r2h

(p)

A =

for d

(q)

E = m v2

for v

(r)

L = CL v2s

for v

(s)

v = u + at

for a

(t)

v2 = u2 + 2as

for s

(u)

C = (F 32)

for F

(v)

t 2

(w)

v = r3

(x)

v = r2h

L
g

for r

for g

for r
for h

Q8. Make the stated letter in brackets below the subject:

(a)

S = ut + at2

(a)

(b)

E = v2

()

(c)

x = 3 - 2x

(x)

(d)

D = C D v2

(Cd)

(e)

S = dn

(d)

(f)

PV = c

(V)

(g)

A = rl

(l)

(h)

v2 = 2gh

(h)

(i)

I = PRT

(R)

(j)

x =

(y)

(k)

I =

(R)

(l)

x =

(u)

(m) P =

(T)

(n)

d =

(N)

(o)

S =

(t)

(p)

M E

I
R

(q)

V =

(r)

G T

I
J

(J)

(s)

v = u + at

(t)

(t)

n = p + cr

(r)

(u)

y = ax + b

(x)

(v)

y =

(x)

(R)

(h)

+ 17

(w) L = a + (n - 1)d

(d)

(x)

a = b - cx

(x)

(y)

D = B - 128d

(d)

Q9. Make the stated letter in brackets below the subject:

(a)

V =

(r)

(b)

C =

(E)

(c)

A = r(r + h)

(d)

C =

(e)

T =

(f)

a =

(h)
(N)
(d)
(t)

2.4.

LINEAR EQUATIONS

Q10. Solve the following equations:

(a)

n + 8 = 17

(b)

(c)

3Y = 20

(d)

(e)

8X = 0

(f)

(g)

3n - 2 = 10

(h)

= 2

(i)

4Y - Y = 21

(j)

= 5

(k)

3c = c + 5

(l)

2p - 8 = p - 3

(m) t + 7 = 17 - 4t

(n)

2a + 4 = 19 - a

(o)

7m - 9 - m = 3m

(p)

x + 2 = 7

(q)

t -4 = 3

(r)

2q = 4

(s)

x - 8 = 12

(t)

q + 5 = 2

(u)

3x = 9

(v)

(w)

= 4

(x)

n - 5 = 11
= 9
X + 2X = 18

= 3

2x + 5 = 9

Q11. Solve the following equations:

(a)

5x - 3 = 12

(b)

6p - 7 = 17

(c)

3x + 4 = -2

(d)

7x + 12 = 5

(e)

6x - 3x + 2x = 20

(f)

14 - 3x = 8

(g)

5x - 10 = 3x + 2

(h)

6m + 11 = 25 m

(i)

3x - 22 = 8x +18

(j)

03d = 18

(k)

12x - 08 = 08x + 12

(l)

2(x + 1) = 8

(m) 5(m - 2) = 15

(n)

3(x - 1) - 4(2x + 3) = 14

(o)

5(x + 2) - 3(x - 5) = 29

(p)

3x = 5(9 - x)

(q)

4(x - 5) = 7 - 5(3 - 2x)

(r)

(s)

(t)

(u)

3x +

(w)

= 2

= 2

+ 3 = 2 +

= 2 +

(v)

= 3

(x)

(y)

(z)

= 2

Q12. Solve the following equations:

(a)

(b)

(c)
(e)
(g)
(i)

(d)
= x

(f)

x - 5 =

= 3

(h)
(j)

= 2

(k)
(m)

(l)
= 0

(n)

= 0

Q13. Answer true or false for the following expressions:

(a)

If

= 3

then x = 21

(b)

If

= 10

then x = 2

(c)

If

= 16

then x = 64

(d)

If 5x = 20

then x = 4

(e)

If 3x = 6

then x = 18

(f)

If x - 5 = 10

then x = 5

(g)

If x + 8 = 16

then x = 2

(h)

If x + 7 = 14

then x = 21

(i)

If x + 3 = 6

then x = 3

(j)

If x - 7 = 14

then x = 21

(k)

If 3x + 5 = 2x + 10 then x = 3

(l)

If 2x + 4 = x + 8 then x = 4

(m) If 5x - 2 = 3x - 8 then x = -6
(n)

If 3x - 8 = 2 - 2x then x = 10

(o)

If 2(3x + 5) = 18

(p)

If 2(x + 4) - 5(x - 7) = 7 then x = 12

then x = 1

(q)

If 6y = 10(8 - y)

(r)

If

= 10

(s)

If

= 4

(t)

If

(u)

If

then y = 15

then y = 2
then y = 2

then x = 60
- 1 =

then x = 3

Q14. Find the value of the stated items below.

(a)

Find m if F =

F = 1280, r = 5, and V = 20

(b)

Find r if F =

F = 3600, m = 8, and V = 30

(c)

Find R1 if R = 3, and R2 = 12

(d)

Find a if C =

(e)

If Q2R =

e = 3, n = 5, d = 10 and C = 36

find C if L = 396, R = 55, and Q = 6

2.5.

EQUATION CONSTRUCTION

Q15. Carry out the following exercises.

(a)

A boy is x years old now. How old was he 5 years ago?

(b)

Find the total cost of 3 pencils at a pence each and 8 pens at b pence
each.

(c)

A man works x hours per weekday except Saturday when he works y

hours. If he works z hours on Sunday how many hours does he work per
week?

(d)

What is the perimeter of a rectangle J mm long and b mm wide?

(e)

A man A has a and a man B has b. If A gives B x how much will

each have?

(f)

A factory employs M men, N boys and P women. If a man earns x per

week, a boy y per week and a women z per week, what is the total wage
bill per week?

(g)

A man earns u per week when he is working and he is paid v per week
when he is on holiday. If he is on holiday for 3 weeks per year find his total
annual salary.

Q16. Solve the following problems below:

(a)

A foreman and 5 men together earn 732 per week. If the foreman earns
12 per week more than each of the men, how much does each earn?

(b)

One side of a triangle is 4m shorter, and another 3m shorter than the

longest side. If the perimeter of the triangle is 25m, find the lengths of the
three sides.

(c)

The three angles of a triangle are x, (x + 30) and (x - 6). The sum of the
three angles is 180, find each angle.

(d)

The perimeter of a rectangle is 56mm. If one of the two adjacent sides is

8mm longer than the other, find the dimensions of the rectangle.

(e)

A certain type of motor car costs seven times as much as a certain make of
motor cycle. If two such motor cars and three such motor cycles cost
8500, find the cost of each vehicle.

(f)

The perimeter of a triangle ABC is 26m. BC is two-thirds of AB and it is also

2m longer than AC. Find the lengths of the three sides.

(g)

A transformer compound of a rectangular plan is to be constructed using

100m of chain link fencing for one long and two short sides and an existing
wall for the other side. If the length of the compound has to be 10m longer
than twice the breadth, find the dimensions of the compound.

(h)

Three plugs and five electric light fittings together cost 9.90. If a plug cost
twice as much as a light fitting, find the cost of a plug and a light fitting.

(i)

Two taps are used to fill a cooling tank which has a capacity of 1200 litres.
If it takes 16 minutes to fill the tank and one tap delivers water at twice the
rate of the other, find how many litres per minutes each tap delivers.

2.6.

SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

Q17. Solve the following Simultaneous equations

(a)

2x + 3y = 8

3x + 2y = 6

(b)

3y - 2x = 5

x - 2y = 3

(c)

4y + 3x = 7

2x + 2y = 4

(d)

y - 2x = 6

3y + x = 2

(e)

8x - 4y = 8

4x + 2y = 3

(f)

3x + 2y = 7

x + y = 3

(g)

4x - 3y = 1

x + 3y = 19

(h)

x + 3y = 7

2x - 2y = 6

(i)

7x - 4y = 37

6x + 3y = 51

(j)

4x - 6y = -25

7x - 5y = -025

(k)

x + y = 17

(l)

- 2y =

(m) 2x +

= 11

= 1
x +

= 6
+ 3y = 1

Q18. Solve the following problems below:

(a)

Two quantities M and N are connected by the formula M = aN + b in

which a and b are constants. When N = 3, M = 65 and when N = 7, M =
125. Find the values of a and b.

(b)

In an experiment to find the friction force F between two metallic surfaces

when the load is W, the law connecting the two quantities was of the type F
= mW + b. When F = 25, W = 6 and when F = 31, W = 9. Find the values
of m and b. hence find the value of F when W = 12.

(c)

A foreman and seven men together earn 1040 per week whilst two
foremen and 17 men together earn 2464 per week. Find the earnings for a
foreman and for a man.

(d)

For one installation 8 ceiling roses and 6 plugs are required the total cost of
these items being 16. For a second installation 12 ceiling roses and 5
plugs are used the cost being 17.60. Find the cost of a ceiling rose and a
plug.

(e)

Two quantities x and y are connected by law y = ax + b. When x = 2,

= 13 and when x = 5, y = 22. Find the values of a and b.

(f)

In a certain lifting machine it is found that the effort, E, and the load, W are
connected by the equation E = aW + b. An effort of 26 raises a load of 8,
whilst an effort of 38 raises a load of 12. Find the values of the constants a
and b and determine the effort required to raise a load of 15.

(g)

If 100m of wire and 8 plugs cost 62 and 150m of wire and 10 plugs cost
90, find the cost of 1m of wire and the cost of a plug.

(h)

Find two numbers such that their sum is 27 and their difference is 3.

(i)

An alloy containing 8cm3 of copper and 7cm3 of tin has a mass of 121g. A
second alloy containing 9cm3 of copper and 11cm3 of tin has a mass of
158g. Find the densities of copper and tin in g/cm 3.

(j)

A motorist travels x km at 40 km/h and y km at 50 km/h. The total time

taken is 2 hours. If the time taken to travel 6x km at 30 km/h and 4y km at
50 km/h is 14 hours, find x and y.

Q19. In the following questions state the numeral (or numerals) which
corresponds to the correct answer (or answers).
(a)

In the simultaneous equations:

2x + 3y = 17

3x + 4y = 24

x is equal to 4. Hence the value of y is:

(i)
(b)

(ii)

75

(iii)

(iv) 4

In the simultaneous equation:

2x - 3y = -16

5y - 3x = 25

x is equal to -5. Hence the value of y is:

(i)
(c)

(ii)

-2

(iii)

(iv) 0

By eliminating x from the simultaneous equations:

2x - 5y = 8

2x - 3y = -7

the equation below is obtained:

(i) -8y = 1
(d)

(ii) -2y = 15 (iii) -8y = 15 (iv) -2y = 1

By eliminating y from the simultaneous equations:

3x - 4y = -10

x + 4y = 8

the equation below is obtained:

(i) 2x = -18

(ii) 4x = -18 (iii) 2x = -2

(iv) 4x = -2

2.7.

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Q20. Factorise the following quadratics:

(a)

x + 6x + 8

(b)

(c)

x + 12x + 27

(d)

x + 8x + 15

(e)

x + 7x + 10

(f)

x + 3x 18

(g)

x + 3x 10

(h)

x - 11x + 28

(i)

x + 4x + 3

(k)

24 + 11x + x

(j)

x + 10x + 16

x - 6x + 5

(l)

20 + 9x + x

(m) y + 19y + 34

(n)

y + 18y + 85

(o)

z - 7z 44

(p)

x + x 30

(q)

n + 5n 36

(r)

p - 5pq - 66q

Q21. Factorise the following quadratics:

(a)

2x + 7x +6

(b)

6x + 13x + 5

(c)

2x + 15x + 7

(d)

3x + 7x + 2

(e)

2x + 11x + 15

(f)

3x + 22x 16

(g)

4x + 19x 5

(h)

5x - 21x + 4

(i)

7x - 9x + 2

(j)

- 6x - x + 1

(k)

- 6x - 5x + 6

(l)

33x 4x - 8

(m) 7 + 34x - 5x

(n)

35x 6 11x

(o)

13x 3x - 14

(p)

17x 4x 13

(q)

2 + x 10x

(r)

1 + x 2x

Q22. Solve the following equations by factorisation:

(a)

x - 4x + 4 = 0

(b)

x + 6x 16 = 0

(c)

2x + 5x 3 = 0

(d)

11x + 8x 3= 0

(e)

5x - 3x 2 = 0

(f)

12x - 23x 9 = 0

(g)

x + 6x = 27

(h)

x + x = 2

(i)

6x + x = 2

(k)

6x + 9x 5 = 1

(j)
(l)

3x + 14x = 5

17x = 10x + 3

Q23. Solve the following equations by completing the square

(a)

2x + 9x + 8 = 0

(b)

x + 4x + 1 = 0

(c)

2x + 5x 4 = 0

(d)

3x - x 5 = 0

(e)

5x - 8x + 2 = 0

(f)

4x - 11x + 3 = 0

(g)

4.6x + 3.5x 1.75 = 0

Q24. Solve the following equations by using the quadratic formula:

(a)

x + 2x 8 = 0

(b)

3x - 11x 4 = 0

(c)

2x + 5x 4 = 0

(d)

2x - 7x + 4 = 0

(e)

(2x + 1) =

5
x 3

(f)

5.76x + 2.86x 1.35

=0
(g)

4x + 5 =

3
x

Q25. Calculate the diameter of solid cylinder which has a height of 82.0 cm and a
total surface area of 2.0 m, (hint the surface area = 2rh + 2r).
Q26. The height s metres of a mass projected vertically upwards at time t
1
2

2
seconds is s ut gt . Determine how long the mass will take after being

projected to reach a height of 16m (a) on the ascent and (b) on the descent,
when u = 30 ms-1 and g = 9.81 ms-2.
Q27. A shed is 4.0 m long and 2.0 m wide. A concrete path of constant width is
laid all the way around the shed. If the area of the path is 9.50 m calculate
its width to the nearest centimetre.

3.

NUMBERING SYSTEMS

Q1. Convert the following binary numbers to decimal:

(a)

1102

(b)

11002

(c)

100102

(d)

10010012

(e)

1101102

(f)

111012

(g)

110112

(h)

10000102

(d)

14610

Q2. Convert the following decimal numbers to binary:

(a). 4310

(b)

1710

(c)

(e)

126410

(f)

37710

Q3

Convert the following decimal numbers to binary:

(a)

0.2510

(b)

0.2187510

(c)

0.2812510

(e)

47.4062510

(f)

30.812510

(g)

53.9062510

(g)

6710

8910

(h)

205610

(d)

0.5937510

Q4. Convert the following octal numbers to decimal numbers:

(a)

3778

(b)

2568

(c)

43178

(d)

7558

(e)

2678

(f)

1258

(g)

13568

(h)

6778

Q5. Convert the following decimal numbers to octal numbers:

(a)

15710

(e)

735610

(b)

215610
(f)

175610

(c)

371410
(g)

906710

(d)

25510
(h)

4562

Q6. Convert the following decimal numbers to hexadecimal:

(a)

2610

(e)

23710

(b)
(f)

3710

234510

(c)
(g)

10810

123410

(d)

23910

(h)

354310

Q7. Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to decimal numbers:

(a)

7A16

(b)

3F16

(c)

BD16

(d)

C916

(e)

FF16

(f)

CF16

(g)

6C16

(h)

E816

Q8. Convert the following binary numbers to hexadecimal numbers:

(a)

110101102

(b)

11001112

(c)

110011112

(d)

111101012

(e)

101010112(f)

110011012

Q9. Convert the following octal numbers to hexadecimal numbers:

(a)

1238

(b)

2558

(c)

3028

(d)

1568

(e)

7778

(f)

5248

(g)

1678

(h)

3538

4. GEOMETRY
4.1.

ANGULAR MEASUREMENT

Q1. State the size of the lettered angles in each diagram

(i)

40

(ii)

73
(iii)

(iv)
80
a

130
a

b
d

45

4.2.

POLYGONS

Q2. Find the interior angle of a regular:

(a) 12 sided figure

(b) 15 sided figure

(c) 24 sided figure

Q3. Find the sum of the interior angles for the figures in Q2.
Q4. The interior angles of an irregular pentagon are in the ratio 3:4:5:7:8. What
are its interior angles, in degrees?
Q5. The interior angles of an irregular hexagon are in the ratio 4:3:2:4:3:4. What
are its interior angles?
4.3.

RADIAN MEASUREMENT

Q6. Convert to radians.

(a)

75

(b)

63

(c)

135

(d)

294

(e)

229

Q7. Convert to degrees.

(a)

412 radians

(b)

074 radians

(d)

554 radians

(e)

4
radians
3

Q8. Convert the following:

(a)

Convert 500 rpm to radians per second.

(b)

Convert 60 rps to radians per second.

(c)

Convert 300 rpm to radians per second.

(d)

Convert 40 radians per second to rps.

(c)

177 radians

(e)

Convert 500 radians per second to rpm.

Q9. What is the angular velocity of a line which turns through an angle of 210
radians in 6 seconds.
Q10. Calculate the angle through which a line will turn in 60 seconds if it has an
angular velocity of 320 radians per second.

4.4.

AREA AND VOLUME

Q1. Calculate the areas of the following shapes:

(a)

2 cm

4 cm

(b)

6 cm

3 cm

8 cm

(c)

2.5 cm

3 cm

4 cm

(d)

4 cm

(e)

Calculate the shaded area.

9 cm
6 cm

8 cm
(f)

Calculate the shaded area.

1.2
m1.0
m

0.6
0.6
m

2.8 m

3m
Q2. Calculate the length of the cylinder.
Volume = 602.88 cm
d = 8 cm
L=?

d
L

Q3. Calculate the area of the cones base.

Volume = 150 cm
h = 15 cm
Base area = ?

Q4. Determine the maximum capacity, in litres of a tank measuring 50 cm by

40 cm by 2.5 m (1 litre = 1000 cm)
Q5. Determine how many cubic metres of concrete are required for a 120m long
path, 150 mm wide and 80 mm deep.

Q6. Calculate the volume of a metal tube; whose outside diameter is 8 cm and
inside diameter is 6 cm, if the length of the tube is 4 m.

5.

GRAPHS
CONSTRUCTION

5.1.

Q1. Plot the following graphs on the same axes for 4 x 4:

(a)

y=x

(b)

y=x3

(c)

y=x+2

(d)

y=x+5

Q2. Plot the following graphs on the same axes for 4 x 4:

(a)

y = - 4x + 4

(b)

y = 3x + 7

Q3. Plot the graph of y = x + 5x + 6 for 5 x 3

Q4. Plot the graph of y =

1
for 5 x 5 (not including 0)
x

Q5. Plot the graph of y = x + 3x for 3 x 3

Q6. Plot the graph of y = - x + 1 for 3 x 3
Q7. Plot a graph of y = sin x for 0 x 2
Q8. Plot a graph of y = sin 2x for 0 x 2
Q9. Plot a graph of y = 2 sin x for 0 x 2
Q10. Plot the following data of volume (y-axis) against temperature (x-axis):
V / M

25.0

25.8

26.6

27.4

28.2

29.0

T/ C

60

65

70

75

80

85

Q11. Using the rules of logarithms find the logs of x and y and plot the graph of
y = axn as a straight line. Then using log-log graph paper plot the data for x and y.
y

0.8

2.3

5.4

11.5

21.6

42.9

54

250

974

3028

10410

5.2.

MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE

Q1

Determine the gradients of the following equations:

(a)

y = 3x

(b)

y = 3x + 7

(c)

y = - 4x + 4

(d)

y = - 5x 7

(e)

3x + y + 1= 0

(f)

y 2 = 4x + 9

(g)

3y = - 6x + 2

(h)

2x + 9y + 1= 0

Q2. Determine the intercept of the following equations:

(a)

y = 2x 3

(b)

y = - 4x + 8

(c)

3y = - 6x + 2

(d)

2y 1 = 4x

(e)

2x + 3y + 5 = 0

(f)

y x 1

3 3 5

(g)

2x =

(h)

1+

1
(7 y)
2

1
3
y x
2
2

6. TRIGONOMETRY
6.1.

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

Q1. Using a scientific calculator, find the value (to 4 d.p.) of:
(a)

sin 37

(b)

cos 80

(c)

cos 53

(d)

(e)

tan 27

(f)

sin 1.1 radians

(g)

cos 0.6321 radians

(h)

tan 0.5016 radians

sin 20

Q2. A right angled triangle ABC has sides AB = 5, AC =3 and CB = 4.

If the right angle is at C, calculate:
(a)

sin A

(f)

tan B

(b)

cos A

(c)

tan A

(d)

sin B

(e)

cos B

Q3. A right angled triangle XYZ has sides ZY = 13, ZX =12 and XY = 5.
If the right angle is at X, calculate (to 2 d.p.):
(a)

sin Y

(b)

sin Z

(c)

tan Y

(d)

tan Z

(e)

cos Z

Q4. Resolve into horizontal and vertical components.

(a)

36 m at 20

(b)

40 N at 57

(c)

3 m/s2 at 44

Q5. In a right angled triangle, the lengths of the shorter sides are 8cm and
15cm. Calculate the length of the hypotenuse.
Q6. The hypotenuse of a right angled triangle has a length of 41mm. One of the
other sides is 9mm long, calculate the length of the third side.
Q7. A right angled triangle has sides of length 30cm and 40cm. What is the
length of the other side if it is the longest side?
Q8. All the sides of a triangle are 6cm length. Calculate the vertical height of the
triangle (to 2 d.p.).
Q9. Find the value of X in each the following triangles:
(a)

(b)

(c)

11.5 cm

7 cm

37.49
X

6.2.

SINE/COSINE RULES

Q1. In a triangle ABC, angle A = 51, angle B = 67 and length BC = 15.2 cm.
Solve the triangle and find its area.
Q2. Solve the triangle PQR and find its area given that length QR = 46.5 mm,
length PR = 29.6 mm and angle Q = 36.
Q3. Solve the triangle DEF and find its area given that length EF = 35.0 mm,
length DE = 25.0 mm and angle E = 64.
Q4. A triangle ABC has sides a = 9.0 cm, b = 7.5 cm and c = 6.5 cm. Determine
its three angles and its area.
Q5. Solve triangle XYZ given that angle Y = 128, length XY = 7.2 cm and length
YZ = 4.5 cm.
Q6. Solve the triangle ABC and find its area given angle B = 78.51, length AC =
22.31 mm and length AB = 17.92 mm.
Q7. Solve the triangle ABC and find its area given length AC = 27 mm, and
angles A = 29, B = 68.
Q8. A room 8.0 m wide has a span roof which slopes at 33 on one side and 40
on the other. Find the length of the roof slopes, correct to the nearest
centimetre.

6.3.

VALUES IN QUADRANTS

Q1. Using the standard conventional division of the x and y axes dividing the x
y plane into four quadrants. In which quadrant are the following angles?
(a)

105

(b)

57

(c)

250

(d)

143

(e)

299

Q2. Given that Cos 53= 0.6018, find the following values without using your
calculator
(a)

sin 37

(b)

cos 127

(e)

cos 307

(f)

sin 323

(c)

sin 143

(d)

cos 233

7. COMPLEX NUMBERS
Q1. Plot the following complex numbers on an Argand diagram:
(a)

3 + 2j

(b)

- 2 + 4j

(c)

- 3 5j

(d)

1 3j

Q2. Evaluate the following complex numbers:

(a)

(2 + 4j) + (3 j)

(b)

(3 + 2j) + (5 j)

(c)

(- 2 + 6j) (3 2j)

(d)

(3 + 4j) + (7 + 9j)

(e)

(3 4j) (3 + 4j)

(f)

(3 + 4j)(3 4j)

(g)

(1 + 2j)(- 2 3j)

(h)

(2 + 7j)(3 6j)

Q3. Evaluate the following complex numbers:

(a)

3 2j
1 5 j

(e)

1
1 j

(b)

1 3 j
34j

(f)

(c)

2 j
5 2j

1 j
1 j

(g)

45j
1 3 j

(d)

1 3 j
1 2 j

(h)

67j
3 j

Q4. Express the following complex numbers in polar form:

(a)

3 + 4j

(b)

- 3 + 4j

(c)

2 + 3j

(e)

7+j

(f)

-1 + 5j

(g)

2 + 2j

(d)

6 7j

Q5. Convert the following polar coordinates in to complex form (a + bj):

(a)

4, 30

(b)

7, - 145

(c)

5, 20

(d)

7, 45

(e)

3, 60

(f)

6, 125

(g)

3.5, - 120

(h)

4,

PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

8.
8.1.

CALCULUS
DIFFERENTIATION
d
ax n nax n 1
dx

Q1. Differentiate the following using the rule:

(a)

3x

(b)

5x4

(c)

(d)

(e)

3x + 2x + 3

(f)

(3x)

(g)

1
x2

(h)

(i)

(j)

(2x 3)

(k)

- 2x + 3x 12

(l)

y = (t 2)

(n)

y=

1
2

(m) y = (x + 1)

x(x + 3)

(d)

3x

x + 5x -

(b)

2x 3 +

4
x

(c)

1
2

2x 3 x

1
3

5
x

Q3. Differentiate the following using the general rule:

3

(a)

5x + 2

(b)

4x 4

(c)

(e)

(x 1)(x + 1)

(f)

3x(2x + 1)

(d)

x x

(g)

x(x 1)

4
x

2 3 x
x 3 4 x5 + 7
5
x

Q2. Differentiate the following using the general rule:

(a)

x3

5x + 6x 2

Q4. Find the second differential of the following equations:

(a)

4x4 + 4x3 5x + 12

(b)

y = 8x - 6x + 5

(c)

6x4 + 3x + 2x 256

(d)

y = 2x5 x4 1

Q5. Find the gradient of the curve y = 3x4 2x + 6 at the points

(a) (1, 7)

(b)

(2, 46)

(c) (- 2, 46)

Q6. Find the point on the curve y = 4x - 6x + 5 at which the gradient is 2.

8.2.

MAXIMA & MINIMA

Q1. Determine the maxima and minima for the following functions:
1 3
x 2x 2 3 x 1
3

(a)

y=

(c)

3
y = x 4

(e)

y = 8x - 6x + 5

1 2
x 2
2

(b)

y=

1 3 1 2
x x 6x 7
3
2

(d)

y = x - 6x + 9x + 3

(f)

y = 2x - 24x + 5

8.3.

INTEGRATION

Q1. Write down expressions that will give the area under the graph for:
(a)

y = x from x = a to x = b

(b)

y = x5 from x = a to x = b

(c)

y = x7 from x = a to x = b

(d)

y = x9 from x = a to x = b

Q2. Integrate the following indefinite integrals using the rule:

n
ax dx

ax n 1
c n 1
n 1

(a)

(b)

3x

(c)

4x

(f)

- 5 x-3

(g)

1
3

(h)

2
5

(k)

3x 1

(l)

(n)

5x + 6x 2

(o)

7x x

(q)

6x 2 x

(r)

2x(2x 1)

(t)

(3x 1)

1
2

5x + 2
2
5

(d)
(i)

4x

3
4

(e)

x-2

(j)

3
x2

(m) 3x - 2x + 1

1
3

(p)

x(x 1)

(s)

(x 1)(x + 1)

Q3. Evaluate the following definite integrals using the basic rule:
x n 1

x
dx

a
n 1

b n 1

(a)

(b)
(e)

(g)

(j)

3 x

3
2x dx

3dx

2 x dx

(f)

5 x 2dx

3
(4 x 3 x 1)dx

(k)

2 x dx
1

5x

dx

(h)

3xdx
1

(c)

4
x dx

a n 1

2
3 x dx
0

(d)

c
c
=
n 1 n 1

(i)

(3 x)

16

(l)

4
x

dx

dx

9. ARITHMETIC ANSWERS
9.1.

ARITHMETIC TERMS

Q1. (a)

9.2.

3548

(b)

116807

(c)

1667

(d)

2634

(e)

22105

(f)

- 281

(g)

139095

(h)

3284985

(i)

674982

(j)

1842

(k)

625

(l)

3091

DIRECTED NUMBERS

Q2. (a)

-3

(b)

-3

(c)

(d)

(e)

-2

(f)

-1

(g)

(h)

-1

(i)

-2

(j)

12

(k)

-1

(l)

-2

(m)

-8

(n)

-3

Q3. (a)

False

(b)

False

(c)

True

(d)

True

(e)

False

(f)

False

(g)

True

(h)

True

(i)

True

(j)

True

9.3.

FACTORS

9.3.1 PRIME NUMBERS

Q4. (a)
(c)

1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 42

Q5. 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
Q6. 12, 18, 24
Q7. 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39

(b)

1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, 56

Q8. (a)
(d)

2x2x2x3

(b)

2x2x3x3

(c)

2x2x2x7

2 x 2 x 3 x 11

Q9. 23, 29, 31, 37

9.3.2 LCM

Q10. (a)
(f)

24

(b)

60

(c)

12

(d)

24

(e)

40

100

(g)

420

(h)

5040

(i)

160

(j)

120

(b)

12

(c)

(d)

13

(e)

9.3.3 HCF

Q11. (a)
(f)

9.4.

4
14

BIDMAS

Q12. (a)

34

(b)

39

(c)

12

(d)

41

(e)

13

(f)

15

(g)

-29

(h)

(i)

(j)

13

(k)

10

(l)

57

(m) 7

(n)

35

(o)

74

(p)

15

(q)

11

(r)

- 16

(s)

20

(b)

1
4

(c)

1
6

(d)

(g)

10
21

(h)

24
35

(i)

3
10

9.5.

FRACTIONS

Q13. (a)

11
20

5
24

(e)

1
8

(f)

3
14

(j)

2
3

(k)

1
5

(l)

Q14. (a)

1
84

(e)

7
1
12

(f)

3
4

(k)

5
12

(b)

(g)

3
4

15

(c)

(h)

55
56

4
7

(d)

(i)

7
9

8
27

(j)

3
1
14

(l)

2
3

Q15. (a)

ii

(b)

(c)

iii

(d)

(e)

ii

(f)

iii

(g)

iii

(h)

(i)

ii

(j)

ii

(k)

ii

(l)

iii

9.6.

DECIMALS

Q16 (a)

0.500

(b)

0.600

(c)

0.125

(d)

0.375

(e)

0.875

(f)

0.750

(g)

0.714

(h)

0.514

(i)

0.667

(j)

0.250

(k)

2.125

(l)

4.938

(m) 13.411

(n)

11.313

(o)

10.867

(p)

0.133

(q)

0.042

(r)

0.875

(s)

2.475

(t)

0.513

(u)

2.263

(v)

3.875

(w) 8.719

(x)

3.310

(y)

8.250

Q17 (a)

31%

(b)

5%

(c)

0.5%

(d)

150%

(e)

60%

(f)

67%

(g)

4%

(h)

10.5%

(i)

37.5%

(j)

175%

8
25

(b)

89
100

(c)

Q19. (a)

ii

(b)

ii

(c)

(d)

(e)

iii

(f)

ii

(g)

iii

(h)

iii

(i)

iii

(j)

Q20. (a)

False

(b)

False

(c)

True

(d)

False

(e)

False

(f)

False

(g)

True

(h)

False

(i)

True

(j)

True

3.432 gallons (UK)

(b)

32288.81 W or 32 kW

(c)

9.820 miles

(d)

217.5 lb in-2

(e)

Kelvin, metre, seconds, kilogram

(f)

Fahrenheit, foot, pound, cubic feet

(g)

262.24 cm

Q18 (a)

1
50

(d)

27
40

(e)

177
200

9.7.

WEIGHTS AND MEASURE

Q21 (a)

9.8.

(h)

2.246 U.S gallons

RATIO AND PROPORTION

Q22. (a)

True

(b)

True

(c)

False

(d)

True

(e)

False

(f)

True

(g)

False

(h)

False

(i)

True

(j)

True

(k)

False

Q23. (a)

ii

(b)

(c)

ii

(d)

(e)

iii

(f)

ii

(g)

(h)

iii

(i)

ii

(j)

iii

Q24. (a)

(i)

y=6

(ii)

x = 40

(b)

(i)

y = 12

(ii)

x=8

(c)

(i)

y=3

(ii)

x = 12

(d)

(i)

y=9

(ii)

x = 12

(e)

(i)

r=6

(ii)

s = 16

9.9.

MEAN AVERAGE

Q25. (a)

9.10.

(b)

(c)

7.86

(d)

(e)

53.2

(f)

104.5

(g)

57.5%

(h)

12

(i)

7.6

(j)

(k)

19

POWERS AND ROOTS

Q26. (a)

211

(b)

a8

(c)

n3

(d)

311

(e)

b -3

(f)

104

(g)

(h)

3-4

(i)

m4

(j)

x-3

(k)

912

(l)

y-6

(m) t8

(n)

c14

(o)

a-9

(p)

7-12

(q)

b10

(r)

5-9

(b)

(c)

1
2

(d)

(e)

1
4

(f)

100

(g)

1
4

(h)

1
7

(i)

1
25

(j)

(k)

(l)

25

(n)

(o)

0.003906

Q27. (a)

(m) 7

3
8

Q28. (a)

(b)

16

(c)

15

(f)

(g)

1024

(b)

27

(c)

(f)

0.5

(g)

(h)

(k)

46656

(l)

4096

(p)

(q)

32

(u)

3125

(v)

0.5

1
2

(b)

4
5

(e)
Q29. (a)

Q30 (a)

(f)

Q31. (a)

3
2

(d)

2400

16384

(d)

64

(e)

19683

256

(i)

(j)

(m) 6561

(n)

256

(o)

27

(r)

(s)

(t)

(c)

(h)

1
2

(d)

x 0.075

(i)

1
3

(e)

x3

(j)

(g)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

125

(g)

(h)

27

(i)

(j)

(k)

0.16

(l)

0.353

(m) 0.03125

(n)

64

(o)

Q32. (a)

13
6

(b)

11
3

(c)

(d)

x 4.5

1
2

(e)

m4

(f)

z 2.3

(k)

x 14

11

(g)

1
2

(h)

5
2

(i)

y4

(j)

1
4

4
3

9.11.

STANDARD FORM

Q33. (a)

1.28 x 10

(b)

1.76 x 101

(c)

1.75 x 10-3

(d)

2.48 x 104

(e)

1.25 x 10-6

(f)

1.75763 x 105

Q34. (a)

1.76 x 10-3

(b)

4.5 x 105

(c)

6.36 x 101

(d)

6.67 x 103

(e)

3.2 x 106 W

(f)

2.0126 x 10-2 A

(g)

3.287 x 106 N

(h)

2.0 x 10-4 F

0.002736

(b)

1764.51

(c)

0.0000127654

498.747

(e)

28934.0

(f)

28.777

Q35. (a)
(d)

9.12.

LOGARITHMS

Q36. (a)

1.253

(b)

2.665

(c)

- 1.762

(d)

1.147

(e)

5.894

(f)

- 1.858

Q37. (a)
(e)
Q38 (a)

(b)

3
2

(f)

(c)

1
3

(d)

10 000

(b)

100 000

(c)

(d)

0.01

(e)

1
16

(f)

Q39. (a)

1.69

(b)

3.170

(c)

2.46

(d)
= 0.693

ln e3x = ln 8

3x = ln 8

1
ln 8
3

PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

10. ALGEBRA

10.1.

ALGEBRAIC TERMS

Q1. (a)

18x

(b)

2x

(c)

- 3x

(d)

- 6x

(e)

- 5x

(f)

5x

(g)

9a

(h)

12m

(i)

5b

(j)

ab

(k)

14xy

(l)

- 3x

(m) - 6x

(n)

7x 3y + 6z

(o)

9ab 3ab + 4ab + 11b4

(q)

9pq 0.1qr

(r) - 0.4ab - 5.5b - 1.2a (s) 10xy

(t)

12ab

(u)

12m

(y)

- 24mm

(z)

- 12ab

Q2. (a)

- 12ab

(e)

4a
7b

(h)

a
b

(i)

2b

(b)

(p)

(v)

4pq

24pqr
(f)

6.2x + 0.3x + 1.2x - 2.8

(c)

(w) - xy

(x)

6ab

60abcd

(d)

2x

5a
8b

(g)

a
b

(j)

3xy

(k)

- 2ab

(l)

2ab

(m) 2 ab

(n)

(o)

- b

(p)

- m

(q)

(r)

6a

(s)

5x

(t)

- 15q

(u)

- 9m

(v)

9pq

(w) - 24 mn4

(x)

- 21ab

(y)

10q4r6

(z)

1
3

30mnp

Q3. (a)

6y 3x

(b)

(c)

2m

(d)

3x - 2y

(e)

2x + y

(f)

x + 2xy

(g)

x - 2y

(h)

8x + 1

(i)

2y

(j)

ab - ab

Q4. (a)

2x - 5xy + 3y

(b)

- 6x + 19xy 10y

(c)

6a - 13ab 5b

(d)

6a + 8ab + 2b

(e)

25p - 20pq + 4q

(f)

8n + 2mn 6m

(g)

- 10p + 19kp 6k

(h)

- 6s + 16ps 8p

(i)

6j - 19bj + 10b

(j)

6p - 9pq 15q

Q5. (a)

10.2.

4(x y)

(b)

4x(1 2y)

(c)

x(a + b + c)

(d)

5(a 2b + 3c)

(e)

r(2r + h)

(f)

ab(b - a)

(g)

5x(x - 2xy + 3y)

(h)

I0(1 + t)

(i)

a(2a 3b + ab)

(j)

m2
pn

m m2

n 2 pn

EQUATIONS

Q6. (a)

ii

(b)

(c)

iii

(d)

(e)

ii

(f)

ii

(g)

iii

(h)

iii

(i)

iii

(j)

10.3.

TRANSPOSITION OF FORMULAE

Q7. (a)

V
I

(b)

F PA

(d)

F
Rn

(e)

(g) m = vs

(h)

V2

(k)

P1V1T2
P2T1

(n)

(q)

(t)

(w)

r 3

(J)

XL
2L

(m) V2

(p)

4A

(s)

v u
t

(v)

W
D

(f)

P
gh

P1V1
P2

1
2FX c

(i)

T2

(l)

2A
b

(o)

V
h

2E
m

(r)

2L
C L s

v 2 u2
(u)
2a

0.75v

(x)

(c)

5
C 32
9

3v
r 2

P2T1
P1

Q8. (a)

2 s ut
t2

(b)

2E
v2

(c)

x=1

(e)

S
n

(f)

c
P

A
r

(h)

v2
2g

(i)

I
PT

a
x

(k)

E
I

(l)

u xa

PV
R

(n)

0.866
d

(o)

ST
s

IE
M

(q)

4V
d 2

(r)

TI
G

(d)

Cd

(g)

(j)

(m) T

2D
v 2

(p)

(s)

v u
a

(t)

np
c

(u)

y b
a

(v)

x 5 y 17

(w)

La
n 1

(x)

ba
c

(y)

(b)

E = C(R + r)

(c)

A
r h
r

(e)

d D

(f)

Q9. (a)
(d)

BD
1.28

r R

2R
V

N = 2Cp + n

TL
12

3
5
a
4
4

10.4.

LINEAR EQUATIONS
20
3

n=9

(b)

n = 16

(c)

(d)

x = 18

(e)

x=0

(f)

x=6

(g)

n=4

(h)

a=2

(i)

y=7

(j)

x = 18

(k)

c=

(l)

p=5

(m) t = 2

(n)

a=5

(o)

m=3

(p)

x=5

(q)

t=7

(r)

q=2

(s)

x = 20

(t)

q=-3

(u)

x=3

(v)

y=6

(w) m = 12

(x)

x=2

Q11. (a)

x=3

(b)

p=4

(c)

x=-2

(d)

x=-1

(e)

x=4

(f)

x=2

(g)

x=6

(h)

m=2

(i)

x=-8

(j)

d=6

(k)

x=5

(l)

x=3

(m) m = 5

(n)

x = - 5.8

(o)

x=7

(q)

x=-2

(r)

x = - 15

m = 1

(u)

x=

(x)

t=6

Q10. (a)

5
8

5
2

(p)

x= 5

(s)

x = 1.06

(t)

(v)

m=1

(w) x = 2.5

(y)

21
5

(z)

y = - 70

1
2

15
28

Q12. (a)

y=

9
7

(b)

x = 13

(c)

- 10

(e)

x = 3.5

(f)

x=

25
3

(g)

x=

(i)

x = 13

(j)

x = - 53

(k)

x=4

(n)

x = 3.75

(m) m = 3
Q13. (a)

7
2

25
26

(d)

(h)

x = 20

(l)

p = 3.25

True

(b)

False

(c)

True

(d)

True

(e)

False

(f)

False

(g)

False

(h)

False

(i)

True

(j)

True

(k)

False

(l)

True

(m) False

(n)

False

(o)

False

(p)

True

(q)

False

(r)

False

(s)

True

(t)

False

(u)

True
(b)

r=2

(c)

R1 = 4

(d)

a = 30

(e)

C=2

Q14. (a)

m = 16

10.5.

EQUATION CONSTRUCTION

Q15. (a)

x5

(b)

Total = 3a + 8b

(d)

2j + 2b

(e)

A will have a x, B will have b + x

(f)

Mx + Ny + Pz

Q16. (a)

10.6.

(g)

(c)

5x + y + z

49u + 3v

F = 132, M = 120

(b)

10.67m, 7.67m, 6.67m

(c)

82, 52, 46

(d)

18mm, 10mm

(e)

Car = 3500, Motorcycle = 500

(f)

AC = 6m, BC = 8m, AB = 12m,

(g)

Compound breadth = 22.5m, length = 55m

(h)

1 x light fitting = 90p, 1 x plug = 1.80

(i)

Tap1 = 50 Ltr min-1, tap2 = 25 Ltr min-1

SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

Q17 (a)

x = 0.4, y = 2.4

(b)

x = - 19, y = - 11

(c)

x=1,y=1

(d)

x = - 2.286, y = 1.429

(e)

x = 0.875, y = -0.25

(f)

x = 1, y = 2

(g)

x = 4, y = 5

(h)

x = 4, y = 1

(i)

x = 7, y = 3

(j)

x = 0.5, y = 0.75

(k)

x = 10, y = 7

(l)

x = 3, y = 2

(m) x = 5.7, y = - 0.8

Q18. (a)

a = 1.5, b = 2

(b)

m = 0.2, b = 1.3, F = 3.7

(c)

F = 144, m = 128

(d)

Ceiling rose = 80p, plug = 1.60

(e)

a = 3, b = 7

(f)

a = 0.3, b = 0.2, E = 4.7

(g)

1m of wire = 50p, plug = 1.50

(h)

a = 15, b = 12

(j)

x = 40km, y = 75km

Q19. (a)

10.7.

iii

(b)

(i)

Cu = 9 gcm-3, Sn = 7 gcm-3

(c)

ii

(d)

iv

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Q20. (a)

(x + 4)(x + 2)

(b)

(x + 8)(x + 2)

(c)

(x + 9)(x + 3)

(d)

(x + 5)(x + 3)

(e)

(x + 2)(x + 5)

(f)

(x + 6)(x 3)

(g)

(x + 5)(x 2)

(h)

(x - 7)(x 4)

(i)

(x + 3)(x + 1)

(j)

(x 5)(x 1)

(k)

(3 + x)(8 + x)

(l)

(5 + x)(4 +x)

(m) (y + 2)(y + 17)

(n)

(y + 5)(y + 13)

(o)

(z + 4)(z 11)

(p)

(x 5)(x + 6)

(q)

(n + 9)(n 4)

(r)

(p 11q)(p + 6q)

Q21. (a)

(2x + 3)(x + 2)

(b)

(2x + 1)(3x + 5)

(c)

(2x + 1)(x + 7)

(d)

(3x + 1)(x + 2)

(e)

(2x + 5)(x + 3)

(f)

(3x 2)(x + 8)

(g)

(4x 1)(x + 5)

(h)

(5x 1)(x 4)

(i)

(7x 2)(x 1)

(j)

(2x + 1)(1 3x)

(k)

(2x + 3)(2 3x)

(l)

(4x 1)(8 x)

(m) (7 - x)(5x + 1)

(n)

(x 3)(2 11x)

(o)

(7 3x)(x - 2)

(p)

(q)

(-5x 2)(2x - 1)

(r)

(-2x - 1)(x - 1)

(4x 13)(1 x)

Q22. (a)
(d)
=

x=2
x=

3
or x = - 1
11

(b)

x = - 8 or x = 2

(e)

x=

(h)

x = 1 or x = - 2

(c)

2
or x = 1
5

x=
(f)

1
or x = - 3
2

x=

9
or x
4

1
3

(g)

x = - 9 or x = 3

(j)

x = - 5 or x =

(i)

x=

1
or x =
2

2
3

or 1

1
3

(k)

x=

1
or x = - 2
2

1
2

Q23. (a)

2x + 9x + 8 = 0
Making the coefficient of x unity gives:
x2

9
x40
2
x2

rearranging gives:

9
x 4
2

Adding to both sides (half the coefficient of x) gives:

x2

9
9
x
2
4

The LHS is now a perfect square, thus:

81
17
4
16
16

Taking the square root of both sides gives:

(l)

x=

1
5

9
17

= 1.031,
4
16

i..e x = - 1.22 or 3.28 (3 sf)

hence x

9
1.031
4

Q23. (b)

x = - 3.732 or x = - 0.268

(c)

x = - 3.137 or x = 0.637

(d)

x = 1.468 or x = - 1.135

(e)

x = 1.290 or x = 0.310

(f)

x = 2.443 or x = 0.307

(g)

x = 0.344 or x = - 1.105

x = 2 or x = - 4

(b)

x = 4 or x =

(c)

x = 0.637 or x = - 3.137

(d)

x = 2.781 or x = 0.719

(e)

x = 3.608 or x = - 1.108

(f)

x = 0.296 or x = - 0.792

(g)

x = 0.443 or x = - 1.693

Q24. (a)

1
3

Q25. Total area of the cylinder (curved surface + 2 circular ends)

= 2rh = 2r

(r = radius, h = height)

Total surface area = 2.0 m, height = 82 cm or 0.82 m

Then:

2.0 = 2r(0.82) + 2r

i.e. 2r + 2r(0.82) 2.0 = 0

Dividing throughout by 2 gives:

r + 0.82r -

1
=0

Using the quadratic formula:

0.82
r

0.82 2 41
21

0.82 1.9456
0.82 1.3948

2
2

= 0.2874 or 1.1074 Thus the radius of the cylinder is 0.2874

Hence the diameter of the cylinder is:
2 x 0.2874 = 0.5748 m or 57.5 cm

Q26. When height = 16 m, g = 9.81 ms-2, u = 30 ms-1

16 = 30t i.e.

1
(9.81)t
2

4.905t - 30t + 16 = 0

Using the quadratic formula:

t

30

30 2 4 4.905 16
2 4.905

30 24.21
30 586.1

9.81
9.81

= 5.53 or 0.59
Hence the mass will reach a height of 16 m after 0.59 s on the accent and
after 5.53 s on the decent.

Q27. Area of the path = 2(2.0 x t) + 2t(4.0 + 2t)

i.e.

9.50 = 4.0t + 8.0t + 4t

or

4t + 12.0t 9.50 = 0

Hence:

12.0

12.0 2 4 4 9.50
2 4

12.0 296.0
8

12.0 17.20465
8

Hence t = 0.6506 m or 3.65058 (neglect the negative result)

t = 0651 m or 65 cm

PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

11. NUMBERING SYSTEMS

Q1. (a)
(e)
Q2. (a)

610

(b)

1210

(c)

1810

(d)

7310

5410

(f)

2910

(g)

2710

(h)

6610

(c)

1000011 (d)

101011

(b)

10001

(e)

10011110000

(f)

101111001

(h)

100000001000

Q3. (a)
(e)

0.01

(b)

0.00111

101111.01101

(f)

(c)

(g)

1011001

0.01001

11110.1101

(d)
(g)

110101.11101

25510

(b)

17410

(e)

18310

(f)

8510

2358

(b)

41548

(c)

162748

(f)

33348

(g)

Q6. (a)

1A16

(b)

2516

(e)

ED16

(f)

92916

Q7. (a)

12210

(b)

6310

(e)

25510

(f)

20710

Q8. (a)

D616

(b)

6716

(e)

AB16

(f)

CD16

Q9. (a)

5316

(b)

AD16

(c)

C216

(d)

6E16

1FF16

(f)

15416

(g)

7716

(h)

CB16

(e)

(e)

(g)

(c)

49310

72028

(d)

3778

215538

(h)

107228

(h)

6C16

44710

(d)
4D216

18910
(g)

(c)

(d)

75010

(g)
(c)

225510

0.10011

Q4. (a)

Q5. (a)

(c)

10010010

(d)
10810

CF16

EF16
(h)

DD716

20110
(h)

23210

(d)

F516

PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

12. GEOMETRY
12.1.

ANGULAR MEASUREMENT

Q1. (i)

a = 107

(ii)

a = 40

(iii)

a = 50

(iv) a = 55, b = 55, c = 45, d = 80

12.2.

POLYGONS

Q2. (a)

150

(b)

156

(c)

165

Q3. (a)

1800

(b)

2340

(c)

3960

Q4. 60, 80, 100, 140, 160

Q5. 144, 108, 72, 144, 108, 144

12.3.

RADIAN MEASUREMENT

Q6. (a)

1.31 rads

(b)

1.099 rads

5.131 rads

(e)

3.997 rads

Q7. (a)

236.06

(b)

42.40

(d)

317.42

(e)

240

(d)

Q8. (a)
(d)

(c)

2.356 rads

(c)

101.41

52.36 rads s-1

(b)

376.99 rads s-1

6.37 rps

(e)

4774.65 rpm

Q9. 35 rads s-1

Q10. 11000789.97

(c)

31.42 rads s-1

12.4.

AREA AND VOLUME

Q1. (a)
(e)

8 cm

(b)

7.73 cm (f)

Q2. 11.99 cm
Q3. 30 cm
Q4. 500 litres
Q5. 1.44 m
Q6. 8796 cm

21 cm
6.84 m

(c)

6 cm

(d)

12.57 cm

13. GRAPHS
13.1.

CONSTRUCTION

Q1. (a)

y=x

-4

-3

-2

-1

-4

-3

-2

-1

(b)

y=x-3

-4

-3

-2

-1

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

(c)

y=x+2

-4

-3

-2

-1

-2

-1

(d)

y=x+5

-4

-3

-2

-1

Q2. (a)

y = - 4x + 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

20

17

12

-4

-8

- 12

(b)

y = 3x + 7

-4

-3

-2

-1

-5

-2

10

13

16

19

Q3. y = x + 5x + 6
x

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

12

20

30

Q4. y =

1
(not including 0)
x

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

- 0.2

- 0.25

- 0.33

- 0.5

-1

0.5

0.33

0.25

0.2

Q5. y = x + 3x
x

-3

-2

-1

- 36

- 14

-4

14

36

Q6. y = -x + 1
x

-3

-2

-1

-10

-5

-2

-2

-5

-10

5
4

3
2

7
4

3
4

0.7

0.7

- 0.7

-1

- 0.7

5
4

3
2

7
4

3
4

-1

-1

Q7. y = sin x
x
y

0
0

Q8. y = sin 2x
x
y

0
0

Q9. y = 2 sin x
x

5
4

3
2

7
4

3
4

1.41

-1.41

-2

-1.41

1.41

Q10.
V / M

25.0

25.8

26.6

27.4

28.2

29.0

T/ C

60

65

70

75

80

85

Q11. Graph of the form y = axn

Taking logarithms to a base of 10 of both sides of y = ax n gives:
lg y = lg (axn)
= lg a + lg xn
i.e.

lg y = n lg x + lg a

which compares with:

Y = mX + c

0.8

2.3

5.4

11.5

21.6

42.9

lg y

- 0.1

0.4

0.7

1.1

1.3

1.6

54

250

974

3028

10410

lg x

0.9

1.7

2.4

3.0

3.5

4.0

Thus, by plotting lg y vertically against lg x horizontally, a straight line results, i.e.

the equation y = axn is reduced to linear form. With log-log paper available x and
y may be plotted directly, without having to first determine their logarithms, as
tabulated above.

13.2.

MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE

Q1. (a)

(b)

(c)

-4

(f)

(g)

-2

(h)

-3

(b)

(c)

2
3

(g)

(h)

-2

Q2. (a)
(f)

3
5

(d)

-5

(e)

-3

(d)

0.5

(e)

2
9
5
3

14. TRIGONOMETRY
14.1.

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

Q1. (a)

0.6018

(b)

0.1737

(c)

0.6018

(d)

0.3420

(e)

0.5095

(f)

0.8912

(g)

0.8068

(h)

0.5484

Q2. (a)

0.8

(b)

0.6

(c)

1.3r

(d)

0.6

(e)

0.8

(b)

0.38

(c)

2.4

(d)

0.42

(e)

0.92

(f)

0.75

Q3. (a)

0.92

Q4. (a)

Horizontal = 33.83 m, Vertical = 12.31 m

(b)

Horizontal = 21.79 N, Vertical = 33.55 N

(c)

Horizontal = 2.16 ms-1, Vertical = 2.08 ms-1

Q5

Hypotenuse = 15 2 8 2 = 17 cm

Q6. Unknown length =

412 9 2

= 40 cm

Q7. Longest side = hypotenuse = 30 2 40 2 = 50 cm

Q8. If all sides are 6 cm in length the triangle must be equilateral. Splitting it up
into two right angled triangles gives a hypotenuse of 6 cm and a short side
of 3cm. Thus the vertical height must be equal to:
62 32

Q9. (a)
(c)

x=

5.65 2 4.5 2

= 5.19 cm

= 7.22

(b)

Angle x = cos-1

8 .9
= 49.7
13.76

Isosceles triangle angle x = 37.49, side x = 2 x 11 .5 2 7 2 =

18.25 cm

14.2.

SINE/COSINE RULES

Q1. Angle C = 180 - 51 - 67 = 62

Applying the sine rule:
Using
b=

15.2
b

and transposing gives:

sin 51 sin 67

15.2 sin 67
= 18.0 cm = length AC
sin 51

Using
c=

15.2
b
c

sin 51 sin 67 sin 62

15.2
c

and transposing gives:

sin 51 sin 62

15 .2 sin 62
= 17.27 cm = length AB
sin 51

Area of the triangle ABC =

(or area =

1
ab sin C = 0.5(15.2)(18.0) sin62 = 120.8 cm
2

1
ac sin B = 0.5(15.2)(17.27) sin67 = 120.8 cm)
2

Q2. Using the sine rule Angle P = 67.4, angle R = 76.6

Length PQ = 49.0 mm,
Using 0.5absinC area of PQR = 669.46 mm
Q3. Applying the cosine rule:
e = d + f - 2df cos E
i.e.

e = (35.0) + (25.0) - [2(35.0)(25.0) cos64]

= 1225 + 625 767.1 = 1083
e=

1083

= 32.9 mm

(cont)
Applying the sine rule:
32.91
25.0

sin 64 sin F

sin F =

25.0 sin 64
=
32.91

0.6828
angle F = sin-1 0.6828 = 43.4 or 136.56
(angle 136.56 is not possible since 136.56 + 64 > 180)
Angle D = 180 64 43.3 = 72.56
Area of DEF = 0.5dfsinF = 0.5(35.0)(25.0)sin64 = 393.2 mm
Q4. Angles A = 79.66, B = 55.06, C = 45.28
Area ABC = 23.98 cm
Q5. Length XZ = 10.58 cm, angles X = 19.57, Z = 32.43
Area XYZ = 12.77 cm
Q6. Angles A = 49.9, C = 52.0, length BC = 17.20 mm
Area ABC = 151.0 mm
Q7. Angle C = 83, lengths AB = 28.9 mm, BC = 14.1 mm
Area ABC = 189 mm
Q8. The roof slopes are 4.56 m and 5.38 m (2 dp)

14.3.

VALUES IN QUADRANTS

Q1. (a)

2nd

(b)

1st

(c)

3rd

(d)

2nd

Q2. (a)

0.6018

(b)

- 0.6018

(c)

0.6018

(d)

- 0.6018

(e)

0.6018

(f)

- 0.6018

(e)

3rd

PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

15. COMPLEX NUMBERS

Q1. Draw on graph paper
Q2. (a)
(e)

5 + 3j

(b)

8+j

(c)

5 + 8j

(d)

10 + 13j

- 8j

(f)

25

(g)

4 7j

(h)

48 + 9j

13 13

j
26 26

(b)

9 13

j
25 25

(c)

2
j
2

(e)

1 j

2 2

(f)

12
1

j
29 29

(g)

11 17

j
10 10

(h)

25 15

j
10 10

Q3. (a)

Q4. (a)
(b)

1
r = 3 2 4 2 = 5, tan

(d)

j1

4
53.13
3

r = 5, = 180 53.13 (the coordinate lies in the second quadrant) =

126.87

(c)

r = 3.6, = 56.3

(d)

r = 9.22, = 310.6

(e)

r = 7.1, = 8.1

(f)

r = 5.1, = 101.3

(g)

r = 2.8, = 45

Q5. (a)

Using trigonometric ratios: x = 4cos30 = 3.464 and y = 4sin30 =

2.000j

(b)

x = - 5.734 and y = - 4.015j

(c)

x = 4.698 and y = 1.710j

(d)

x = 4.950 and y = 4.950j

(e)

x = 1.500 and y = 2.598j

(f)

x = - 3.441 and y = 4.915j

(g)

x = - 1.750 and y = - 3.031j

(h)

x = - 4.000 and y = oj

PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

16. CALCULUS
16.1.

DIFFERENTIATION
2

6x

(b)

20x

(c)

1 2
x
2

(e)

6x + 2

(f)

54x5

(g)

-2x-3

(h)

-2x 2

(i)

(j)

8x 12

(k)

- 4x + 3

(l)

2t 4

(n)

6 2
5
x 2 x 3 x 4
5
4

(b)

2 4x-2

Q1. (a)

(d)

3 5
x
5
3

3 2
x
2

(m) 3x + 6x + 3

Q2. (a)

3x + 3
1

(d)

Q3. (a)

1
2

2
3

(b)

3x

(d)

10x + 6

(e)

2x

(g)

2x 1

(d)

1 2
5
x 5 x 2
2
2

Q4. (a)

(c)

48x + 24x 10
40x - 12x

(b)

1
4

48x

(c)

3 2
x
2

(f)

18x + 6x

(c)

72x + 18x

Q5. y = 3x4 - 2x + 6
dy
12 x 3 4 x the gradient is found for each of the following cases by
dx

placing the x value in to the differential:

(a)

Points (1, 7) the gradient is 12(1) - 4(1) = 8

(b)

88

(c)

- 88

Q6. y = 4x - 6x + 5
dy
8x 6
dx

At the required point the gradient is required to be 2,

i.e. at point

dy
2,
dx

or 8x 6 =

8x = 8

x = 1 (x

coordinate)
y = 4x - 6x +

46+5=3
The point at which the gradient is 2 is (1, 3)

4(1) - 6(1) + 5

16.2.

(a)

MAXIMA AND MINIMA

y=

1 3
x 2x 2 3 x 1
3
d
x 2 4x 3
dx

(i)

Differentiating gives:

(ii)

Set derivatives to equal zero and factorise:

x - 4x + 3 = 0
(x 1)(x -3) = 0
x = 1 or x = 3

(iii)

Put values of x (1, 3) into original function

which gives y =

1 3
x 2x 2 3 x 1
3

1 3
1 21 2 31 1 = 2.33r
3

and
y=

1 3
3 2 3 2 3 3 1 = 1
3

The values for local maxima and minima are: (1, 2.33) and (3, 1)
(iv)

Determine whether the coordinates represent maxima or minima by

calculating the second derivative:
d2
2x 4
dx 2

(v)

Input values of x into the second derivative to determine the turning

points:
For x = 1, the value is = -2, which is negative a maxima
For x = 3, the value is = 2, which is positive a minima

(vi)

Coordinates (1, 2.33) represent a maximum point.

Coordinates (3, 1) represent a minimum point.

(b)

y=

1 3 1 2
x x 6x 7
3
2

Gives coordinates: (- 2, 14.33) which is a maximum point

(3, - 6.5) which is a minimum point
3
(c) y = x 4

1 2
x 2
2

Gives coordinates: (0, 2) which is maximum point

(3, - 11.5) which is a minimum point
(d)

y = x - 6x + 9x + 3
Gives coordinates: (1, 7) which is a maximum point
(3, 3) which is a minimum point

(e)

y = 8x - 6x + 5
Gives coordinates: (- 0.5, 7) which is a maximum point
(0.5, 3) which is a minimum point

(f)

y = 2x - 24x + 5
Gives coordinates: (- 2, 37) which is a maximum point
(2, - 27) which is a minimum point

16.3.

INTEGRATION

Q1. (a)

1 4 1 4
b a
4
4

(b)

1 6 1 6
b a
6
6

(c)

1 8 1 8
b a
8
8

(d)

1 10
1 10
b
a
10
10

x3
c
3

(b)

3x

Q2. (a)

3 b
a

7 b
a

2
x dx

5 b
a

9 b
a

dx

(c)

x4 + c

(f)

5 2
x c
2

(i)

16 4
x c
7

(j)

(l)

5 2
x 2x c
2

(m) x - x + x + c

(n)

5 3
x 3 x 2 2x c
3

(o)

(p)

x3 x2

c
3
2

(q)

4 x 2x c

(r)

x4

(s)

x3
x c
3

(d)

= x3 c

6x + c
4

(g)

3 3
x +c
4

(h)

5 5
x c
7

2 3
x c
3

- x-1 + c

(e)

3 x 1 c

7
5

(k)

3 2
x x c
2

(t)

3x-3x+x+c

3
5x x 3 c
2
3
2

1
2

Q3. (a)

x3

2
3
3
0 3 x dx = 3 3 = 1 0 = 1
0
1

x4
2 x dx =

2
0

1 4 0 4
1
=

=
2
2
2

(b)

(c)

4.5

(d)

7
24

(e)

(g)

(h)

56

(i)

(k)

(l)

24

1
3

2
3

(f)

(j)

7
8