B. Tech.

3rd Semester 2016 (Jul-Nov)

TUTORIAL 3
PVT behavior, Ideal gas and Non-ideal gas EOS
Course No: CL 203
Course Title: Thermodynamics
Date: 18th Aug, 2016

PVT behaviour of pure substances

Problem 1:
Express the volume expansivity and the isothermal compressibility as functions of density
and its partial derivatives. For water at 323.15K (50C) and 1 bar, = 44.18 x 10-6 bar-1. To
what pressure must water be compressed at 323.15 K (50C) to change its density by 1%?
Assume that K is independent of P.

Problem 2:
For liquid water the isothermal compressibility is given by:

c
V P b

where c and b are functions of temperature only. If 1 kg of water is compressed isothermally

and reversibly from 1 to 500 bar at 333.15 K (60C), how much work is required? At 333.15 K
(60 oC), b = 2700 bar and c = 0.125 cm3 g-1.
Problem 3:
Calculate the reversible work done in compressing 0.0283 m 3 of mercury at a constant
temperature of 273.15 K (0 C) from 1 atm to 3000 atm. The isothermal compressibility of
mercury at 273.15 K (0 oC) is

3.9 10 6 0.1 10 9

where P is in atm and is in atm-1.

Problem 4:
Five kilograms of liquid carbon tetrachloride undergo a mechanically reversible, isobaric
change of state at 1 bar during which the temperature changes from 273.15 K (0C) to 293.15
K (20C). Determine V, W, Q, AH, and U .The properties for liquid carbon tetrachloride at 1
bar and 273.15 K (0C) may be assumed independent of temperature: = 1.2 x 10 -3 K-1, Cp =
0.84 kJ kg-1 K-1, and = 1590 kg m-3.

B. Tech. 3rd Semester 2016 (Jul-Nov)

TUTORIAL 3
PVT behavior, Ideal gas and Non-ideal gas EOS
Course No: CL 203
Course Title: Thermodynamics
Date: 18th Aug, 2016

Problem 5:
One mole of an ideal gas with Cp = (7/2)R and CV = (5/2)R expands from P1 = 8 bar and T1 =
600 K to P2= 1 bar by each of the following paths:
(a) Constant volume;

(b) Constant temperature;

(c) Adiabatically

Assuming mechanical reversibility, calculate W, Q, U, and H for each process. Sketch each
path on a single P-V diagram.

Problem 6:
An ideal gas initially at 600 K and 10 bar undergoes a four-step mechanically reversible cycle
in a closed system. In step 1-2, pressure decreases isothermally to 3 bar; in step 2-3, pressure
decreases at constant volume to 2 bar; in step 3-4, volume decreases at constant pressure;
and in step 41, the gas returns adiabatically to its initial state.
(a) Sketch the cycle on a PV diagram.
(b) Determine (where unknown) both T and P for states 1, 2, 3, and 4.
(c) Calculate Q, W, U, and H for each step of the cycle.
Data: CP= (7/2)R and CV= (5/2)R.
Problem 7:

V1
An ideal gas, CP = (5/2)R and CV = (3/2)R, is changed from P = 1 bar and

= 12 m3 to P2 =

V2
12 bar and

= 1 m3 by the following mechanically reversible processes:

(a) Isothermal compression.
(b) Adiabatic compression followed by cooling at constant pressure.
(c) Adiabatic compression followed by cooling at constant volume.
(d) Heating at constant volume followed by cooling at constant pressure.
(e) Cooling at constant pressure followed by heating at constant volume.

Calculate Q, W, AU and H for each of these processes, and sketch the paths of all processes
on a single PV diagram.

B. Tech. 3rd Semester 2016 (Jul-Nov)

TUTORIAL 3
PVT behavior, Ideal gas and Non-ideal gas EOS
Course No: CL 203
Course Title: Thermodynamics
Date: 18th Aug, 2016

Problem 8:

A rigid, non-conducting tank with a volume of 4 m 3 is divided into two unequal parts by a thin
membrane. One side of the membrane, representing 1/3 of the tank, contains nitrogen gas at 6
bar and 373.15 K (100 C),and the other side, representing 2/3 of the tank, is evacuated. The
membrane ruptures and the gas fills the tank.
(a) What is the final temperature of the gas? How much work is done? Is the
process reversible?
(b) Describe a reversible process by which the gas can be returned to its initial
state. How much work is done?
Assume nitrogen is an ideal gas for which Cp= (7/2)R and Cv = (5/2)R
Problem 9:
For acetone at 293..15 K (20 oC) and 1 bar

1.487 103 K 1
62 106 bar 1
V 1.287 103 m 3 kg 1
Find:

(a) The value of

P
T

B. Tech. 3rd Semester 2016 (Jul-Nov)

TUTORIAL 3
PVT behavior, Ideal gas and Non-ideal gas EOS
Course No: CL 203
Course Title: Thermodynamics
Date: 18th Aug, 2016

(b) The pressure generated when acetone is heated at constant volume from 293.15 K
(20 oC) and 1 bar to 303.15 K (30 oC)
(c) The volume change when acetone is changed from 293.15 K (20 oC) and a bar to
273.15 K (0 oC) and 10 bar
Problem 10:
Air is compressed from an initial condition of 1 bar and 298.15 K (25 oC) to a final state of 5 bar
and 298.15 K (25 oC) by three different mechanically reversible processes in a closed system:
(a) Heating at constant volume followed by cooling at constant pressure.
(b) Isothermal compression
(c) Adiabatic compression followed by cooling at constant volume.
Assume air to be an ideal gas with constant heat capacities, C V = (5/2) R and Cp = (7/2)
R. Calculate the work required, heat transferred and the changes in the internal energy
and enthalpy of the air for each process.

Problem 11:
An ideal gas undergoes the following sequence of mechanically reversible processes in a
closed system:
(a) From an initial state of 343..15 K (70 oC) and 1 bar, it is compressed adiabatically to
423.15 K (150 oC)
(b) It is then cooled from 423.15 K to 343.15 K (150 to 70 oC) at constant pressure.
(c) Finally, it is expanded isothermally to its original state.
Calculate W, Q, U and H for each of the three processes and for the entire cycle. Take Cv =
(3/2) R and Cp = (5/2) R

B. Tech. 3rd Semester 2016 (Jul-Nov)

TUTORIAL 3
PVT behavior, Ideal gas and Non-ideal gas EOS
Course No: CL 203
Course Title: Thermodynamics
Date: 18th Aug, 2016

If these processes are carried out irreversibly but so as to accomplish exactly the same
changes of state (i.e. the same changes in P, T , U and H), then different values if Q and W
results. Calculate Q and W if each step is carried out with an efficiency of 80%

NON IDEAL GAS Equation of States

Problem 12:
For methyl chloride at 373.15 K (100C) the second and third virial coefficients are:
B = -242.5 cm3 mol-1

C = 25200 cm6 mol-2

Calculate the work of mechanically reversible, isothermal compression of 1 mol of methyl

chloride from 1 bar to 55 bar at 373.15 K (100C). Base calculations on the following forms of
the virial equation:
z 1

z 1 B ' P C ' P 2

B C

V V2

Where B = B/(RT)
Why dont both equations give exactly the same results?

C'
and

C B2
(RT)2