.'.

heet

6Ef
Fortopics
6.2 Work
6.3 Power

qffi Build your understanding!

Attempt the following questionson your own or in a group setting.
1.

Cor.nolete
Table 6.3.
v Table6.3

Force

Distancemoved in the
direction of the force

(a)

4N

0.20m

0 . 8J

(b)

20N

10m

200J

(c)

0 . 1N

10m

1J

(d)

500N

20 cm

1 0 0J

t\

-.zr*

2 . (a) Definetlie joule (J).

( ) r r cj o u l c i s c l c t i n c dl s t h e u , o r . l ci l < t n cl r r i t l t r r c co l o n c n c u t o r r r v h i c h n l o \ / c su n o b j e c t l l r r o u u hl
r i i s l u n c co l o n c l u c t r c i n t h e r l i r -cet i u n o l ' l l t e f b r c u .

(b) (i)

An objectis draggedat constantspeedthrough a horizontal distanceof 3 m on a

rough surface.If the averagefrictional force betweenthe objectand the surfaceis
50 N, what is the work done by the appliedforce?Illustrateyour answerwith
a diagram showing the magnitude and direction of both the frictional force
and appliedforce.
. \ t r o n s t l n l s p c e ( l "i t p l ) l i c dl i r r c c / "
\\irll' rloncb1 /' - l', x.r 50 x .l

h'iction I - 50 \
150.1

(ii) A wooden box of mass 10 kg is carried in a lift frorn the ground floor to the
tenth floor. If the height of eachfloor is 3 m, what is the work done on the box?
(Take accelerationdue to gravity,g = 10 m s-r)
f i i r c r r : n t a s s/ / r l 0 l < g . t r c c e l e n r t i odrrr- r tco g l a v i t v . g l 0 r l s l
V e r l i c l i h c i s h t r r r o v e ctlh r o u s h ./ r l 0 x - l l 0 n t
\ \ u l l . r l o n eo n t l r c r r a s s t r t , g l t l 0 x l 0 x l ( ) . i ( ) 0 0 . l

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Interrrational
r/'

PhysicsMattersWorkbc.rok
Volume1

55

3.

CompleteTable6.4.
vTable6.4

4.

(a)

?0 x t0l'J

5s

4000w

(b)

18000J

3 min

100!r

(c)

7 000 MJ

14000s

500klr

(a)

A student runs up a flight of stairs in 10 s. If the work doneby him is 900 J, what
is the power generated?

r:\:

ff:oow

(b) An electrickettle rated at 20 \7 is used to heat a certain amount of water. What is

the amount of heat generatedin 5 minutes?
Heatgenerated,
E - P x t - 20 x 5 x 60 : 6000J

5.

(a) Define the watt ('VI).

Onewattis therateof workor energyconvcrsion
of clnejoulepersecond.

(b) (i) .A mass of 20 000 kg of rice is raised in a grain elevator through a vertical
distanceof 10 m in 80 s. \fhat is the power developedby the elevator?(Take
accelerationdue to gravity to be 10 m s-2)
Given:massof rice,m -20 000kg, verticaldistance
n.roved,
/u: l0 m, timetaken,t - 80 s.
Workdone.IIt: ntgh:,(20000)(l0X l0) : 2.0x l0''.l
Pon'erdeveloped,P;:25

x l0aW

(ii) Ten 60 \T light bulbs are usedin a ballroom for five hours. Calculatethe total
amount of electricalenergyconsumedor convertedby the ten bulbs.
- P x t- (60x 10)x (5 x 60 x 60)- I.08x l0r J
Totalamountofelectrical
generated
energy

;;,;,,
;";; ;:,.,
; ;; ;;;":#r*:1T:Y:::;
tr

56

o f w o r k t h a t h a st o b e d o n et o l i f ta 1 0 0k g s a c ko f g o l dn u g g e t su p a v e r t i c adl i s t a n c eo f
2m?
W o u l dm o r ep o w e rb e r e q u i r e d
t o g e t a 1 0 0 k g s a c ko f g o l dn u g g e t st o t h e t o p o f a h i l l
i n 1 s e c o n da s c o m o a r e dt o 1 0 s e c o n d s ?

Energy,
WorkandPower

@ 2007 Marshall CavendishInternational(S) Pte Ltd

ffrf"hat lenseyoursetf!
Attempt the following questionson your own. You are advisedto spendno more than the
time indicated.
l.

A box is pushed10 m along a horizontalsurfaceby a force of 8 N. The frictional force

opposingthe motion is 5 N (Figure6.5). How much of the work done is conveftedto
thermal energyand kinetic energyof the box respectively?
<Figure6.6

A
B
C
D

TltermalenergylJ
20
60
60
60

Kineticenergy[
50
20
' 80
1,40

(B)

Working/Explanation
Work done= F x d = 8 x l0 = 80 J = thermalenergy+ kineticenergy
Thermalenergy= 6 x 10= 60 J
Therestof the work is usedfor the movementof thebox i.e. 2OJ.

2,

A dam situated500 m abovea hydroelectricpowerstationis ableto supply4.00 x 103kg sl

of water to drive the generators.Assumingthe power stationis 100% efficient,what is
the amount of electrical power generated?

p= 1
E is the convertedenergy,i.e. gravitational potential energy convertedinto kinetic energy.
G.P.E.= mgh= 4.00 x 103x 10 x 600 =2.4 x 107J per second=24MW

=t
@ 2007 Marshall Cavendish International (S) Pte Ltd

Pnysrcs
Votume
1 t15
Matters
workoook

3.
\ -w\;":_----

<Figure6.7

'Water
Figure6.7 aboveshowsthe layout of a pumpedstoragepower station.
collectsin
the lower reservoir,and is pumpedup to the top reservoir(62 m above)at night, when
'\il7hen
the demandfor power is low.
there is a suddendemandfor power, the headgates
(hugetaps) are openedand water rushesdown the tunnelsto turn the turbines,which
drive the powerfulgenerators.Theflow rateof thewaterrsi kgsl. Thegeneratorsproduce
35 M!tr of useful.outputpower.
(a) \7hat energychangestake place when water rushesfrom the top reservoir to the
lower reservoir?
Gravitational potential energy is convertedinto kinetic energy.The kinetic energy is then converted
into electrical energy.

(b) The generatoris 55% efficient.Calculatethe total power generatedby the falling
water.
Totalpowerx 0.55= 35MW
15

Totalpower= oss = 64 MW

(c) Calculatethe rate of water now

when the headgatesare opened.

Assume that l0o7o of gravitational potential energy is convertedto kinetic energy of water flow.
64 MW + 6.4 x 107J of energy is convertedevery second.
Therefore,in I second,mgh=6.4 x l07J

Therefore.rareof water flow,! =

##
= 1.05 x 105kg s-'

(d) Suggestan advantage of having such a power station.

It is a non-pollutingway of energygeneration.

(e) State two ways to improve the efficiency of the power station.
Reducefriction in turbines.

"s
58

Add turbines along the fall.

Energy,Workand Power

@2007Marshall CavendishInternational(S) Pte Ltd