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SERIES,
- an
Overview
ftir
Accepted:
June 2OO2)
Abstract
The stellarator system offers a distinct alternative to the mainline approaches to magnetic fusion
power and has several potentially major advantages. Since the first proposal of the stellarator concept
many reactor studies have been published and these studies reflect the large variety of stellarator
configurations. The main representatives are the continuous-coil configurations and the modular-coil
configurations. As a continuation of the LHD experiment two reactor configurations, FFHRI and
FFHR2, have been investigated, which use continuous helical windings for providing the magnetic field.
The modular coil concept has been realized in the MHH-reactor study (USA 1997) and in the Helias
reactor. The Helias reactor combines the principle of plasma optimisation with a modular coil system.
The paper also discusses the issues associated with the blanket and the maintenance process. Stellarator
configurations with continuous coils such as LHD possess a natural helical divertor, which can be used
favourably for impurity control. In advanced stellarators with modular coils the same goal can be
achieved by the island divertor. Plasma parameters in the various stellarator reactors are computed on the
basis o1'presently known scaling laws showing that confinement is sufficiently good to provide ignition
and self--sustained burn.
Keywords:
stellarator, fusion reactor, modular coil, helical system, power balance
1. Introduction
2. Stellarator Reactors
severe
particular
C o rre s p
obi g @ ipp. mp g. de
of Plasma
t49
Beidler C.D. et
al., Stellmator
Fusion Reactors
o
.
r
r
r
.
.
an Overview
plates.
Parameters
FFHRl
Major radius
[m]
Av. radius of coils
[m]
Coil current
[MAturns]
Plasma radius
[m]
Plasma volume
[mt]
Magnetic field B(0)
tTl
Max. field on coils
tTl
Average beta
l%1
Density n(0)
[m-']
Temperature f(0)
[keV]
Fusion power
IMW]
Polarity /
Field periods
Magnet. energy
IGJI
20
3.33
10
2.3
50
1.2
66.6
2
1
FFHR2
284
579
14
0.7
10
13
1.8
2x1O2o
2.8x1020
22
27
1000
2
12
3000
3
18
1290
10
147
of
it
the plant: the physics base, the coil system, the blanket,
in
in the Helias
concept. This
Beidler C.D. et
40
2.1
Parameters
MHH
HSR4/18
Major radius
[m]
Av. radius of coils
[m]
Coil current
[MAturns]
Number of modular coils
Av. plasma radius
[m]
Plasma volume
[mt]
Magnetic field B(0)
ITI
Max. field on coils
ITI
Average beta
I%l
14
18
5.5
10.8
DensiV <n>
Temperature <I>
Fusion power
Field periods
Magnet. energy
4.75
13.8
32
1.63
735
4.94
14.5
5
1567
5
10.3
3.7
[m-t]
[keV]
1.3x1020
10
2x1O2o
tMWl
1730
4
3000
4
80
100
IGJI
an Overvrew
requirements
15
of this
procedure
is
the
time.
Beidler C.D. et
careful
safety
a helium-cooled ceramic
breeder
is
very
an Overview
makes
5. Operational Limits
In stellarators the density limit and the beta limit
define the operational regime of the fusion plasma.
Since a large toroidal current does not exist, also no
limit on the rotational transform exists, which is
necessary
Even
reactor.
4. Divertor
In early stellarator reactor studies little attention has
been paid to the divertor problem. In the meantime,
however, theoretical and experimental results have
strongly increased the data base on divertor action, and
found.
<F>=4.37o
the
in
currents occur
Beidler C.D. et
al.,
an Overvrew
c"
In
necessary
of
0.65
2.21
2.21
2.59
2.09
0.8
0.83
0.4
0.73
0.43
1.01
0.85
0.0
0.0
0.51
0.5
0.51
0.54
ra6,
C oR"r aaz
0.263
0.115
-0.58
0.64
-0.64
1.O2
densities.
-0.6
0.36
-0.54
0.74
0.4
0.6
LHD2
0.256
-0.59
0.21
Pa5
Ral
aa2
Ba3
ta7
<n> a4
New
experimental data
Good confinement
of highly energetic
alpha
number
and
of stellarator
lost by poorly confined alpha particles. Further finetuning of the magnetic field is possible to improve the
confinement of alpha particles further.
7. Conclusions
In comparing the various reactor candidates the
same temperature and density profiles have been
assumed. The results are listed in Table 5. Alpha heating
power minus bremsstrahlung is the available heating
Beidler C.D. et
an Overview
MHH
FFHR2
FFHR2Il
18
10
1.2
15
lml
1.8
lml
lm'l
il
Major radius
Av. minor radius
Plasma Volume
2.1
14
1.6
1567
734
284
960
lota
1.0
0.7
5.0
0.7
10.0
0.7
6.0
2.2x102o
3.1x1020
2.12x102o
2.12x102o
IT]
Im-']
3.04 x1020
3.04 x1020
lm-'l
15
5.0
15
5.0
3.5
0.96
9.8
2.66
2.O9
lkeVl
lkeVl
t%l
t%l
IGWI
Magnetic field
Line av.
5.0
density <t>
2.056x1020
2.94Ox1On
15
Beta(0)
13.7
15
5.0
14.6
Average Beta
3.67
3.95
3.1 55
1.72
1.56
1.08
1.34
o.62
1.72
1.6
1.7
1.79
0.74
1.0
2.02
0.96
Fusion
Energy
Energy
Energy
Energy
Energy
power
4.96
P*"
Conf.Time
Conf.Time
Conf.Time
Conf.Time
Conf.Time
(req.)
(NLHD2)
(LGS)
(lSS95)
(NLHD1
1.71
1.57
2.22
1.20
2.37
1.53
in
tll
1969).
is an enlarged version of
2.2
lsl
lsl
lsl
lsl
lsl
configuration FFHR2/1
1.5
References
favourable:
1.M
fusion plasma.
t9l
ll0l
tlll
Ilz)K.
ll4l
maintenance concept.
154
an Overview
87-2.
J.
313, p.189.
(1998).
I32lU. Stroth
r55