.

20

. .
( , )


.
: , ,

. , ,
[1].
, . ,
.

n . ,
,
. i
i, bi
i. xi = 1,
i, xi = 0
46

 -
.
.
1. {i}, i = 1,n ,
(1) A( x ) = ai xi
i

(2) bi xi B ,
i

, .
(1)-(2) , .
, . ,

. , P ,
xi p ,
(3)

iP

,
.
.
,
, , ,
.
2. {i}, i = 1,n , (1)
(2) (3).
1 2. . ,
,
. , , aij , bij , i-o j.
ij = 1, i
47

 . 20
j, ij = 0 .
m.
3. {ij}, i = 1, m , j = 1, n ,
(4) A( x ) = aij xij
i, j

(5) bij xij B ,
i, j

(6)

xij D j ,

j = 1, n .

(6) ,
Dj . 3
,
, , ,
, , , ,
( ).
. ,
.
, .
(6) 3 Dj = 1,
.
(3) 3 ,
. , , ,
, .
(3)
, ,
. ,
() 48

 -
, (3) .
1

, 1
, ,

.
, [2].
1.
6. 1.
1.
i

ai

12

14

16

18

21

25

bi

S5
S4

S1
1

S2
6

S3
5

. 1.
= 12. . ,
2 3 c (. 1).
49

 . 20
S1, 1 6.
,
.

25
(y1, z1) =

37

25

12

y1

z1

37

8
6

11

11
12
1

2 . , . . y1 = 3 z1 = 12,
1.
y1 = 8 z1 = 25, 6.
, y1 = 11 z1 = 37,
1 6.
S2
2 5.
11
35
21
35
7
21
7
11
(y2, z2) =

5
14
2
4
14
4
y2
z2
S3,
3 4.
50

(y3, z3) =

18

34

11
16

11

34

18

16

y3

z3

S4,
1, 6, 2 5.
35

(y4, z4) =

S2

11
21

33

7
14

10
26

39

7
12

12
25

37

11

S1

12.
, , ,
,
, .
, , 7 21 26.
26.
:
y4
3
4
7
8
10
11
12
z4
12
14
26
25
33
37
39
51

 . 20

, 4 = 8, z4 = 25
4 = 7, z4 = 26,
.
, (y4, z4) = (8, 25)
(y4, z4) = (7, 26).
, , .
(-)
:
y4
3
4
7
10
11
12
z4
12
14
26
33
37
39
S5, .
34
11
18

30

32

6
16

9
28

10
30

42

5
S2
S1

8
12

9
14

12
26

33

37

39

10

11

12

S5 = (y5, z5) =

52

y5

10

11

12

z5

12

14

16

18

26

28

30

33

37

42

 -
, .
, = 12 42.
,
, , .
(y5, z5) (y5, z5) = (12, 42).
(y4, z4) = (7, 26) (y3, z3) = (5, 16).
(y4, z4)

(y4, z4) = (7, 26).

(y2, z2) = (4, 14) (y1, z1) = (3, 12).
(y3, z3)
(3, z3) = (5, 16).
3 4.
(y2, z2)
(2, z2) = (4, 14).
2 5.
, (y1, z11)
(1, z1) = (3, 12).
1 6.
:
1 = x2 = x3 = 1, 4 = x5 = x6 = 0,
.
2

2, (3), (
) .

. 2 n = 4 P = (3; 4).
,
. 3 4 (
53

 . 20
) ,
.
(7) i = ui + i', i P.

(1;2)
x1

(1;3)
x2

x3

x4

. 2. 2
, . {i},
(8)

xi ai
i

(2), {i}, i ,
(9) U ( x) =

u x
iP

i i

(3).
, . i = 1 ui.
A(u), U(u) (8),
(9) .
(10) A(u) + U(u)

(1)-(3). () {ui} , , i' = i ui,
(10).
,
, ui = u, i .
54

 -
, -, (9), (3)
xi = 0, ui= umin, umin ui
i , i = 1, (10), U(u) , (u) . ui = umin i , xi = 0.
, ui > umin (, i = 1 (9), (3)) ui = umin. u()
ui umin, (u) ui umin.
(10) .
, , ui = u i .
u,
(11) pu + max
x

( ai u )xi
i

= {i} (2).
(11) .

1. u = 0 (8), (2).
(12)

p,

iP

.
2.
2. u > 0 (
)
(8), (2).
(13)

= p,

iP

55

 . 20
(14)

> p,

iP

2.
(15)

< p,

iP

(
) (11).
, A(x)
() . , 1 p = 2, A(x) = 39,
40,5 ( u = 1,5), 1.

(1)-(3), , , .

1.

2.

. ., . .,
. ., . ., . .
. .,
-, 2007. 384 .
. ., . . / . 2005, 3. . 23-29.

..

56