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GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICEWASHINGTON
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For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfficeInternet: bookstore.gpo.govPhone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800Fax: (202) 512–2250Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–000122–706 PDF
2005
FOSTERING DEMOCRACY IN THE MIDDLE EAST:DEFEATING TERRORISM WITH BALLOTS
HEARING
BEFORE THE
SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY,EMERGING THREATS, AND INTERNATIONALRELATIONS
OF THE
COMMITTEE ONGOVERNMENT REFORMHOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS
FIRST SESSIONMAY 17, 2005
Serial No. 109–48
Printed for the use of the Committee on Government Reform
(
Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/index.htmlhttp://www.house.gov/reform
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(II)
COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM
TOM DAVIS, Virginia,
Chairman
CHRISTOPHER SHAYS, ConnecticutDAN BURTON, IndianaILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, FloridaJOHN M. M
C
HUGH, New YorkJOHN L. MICA, FloridaGIL GUTKNECHT, MinnesotaMARK E. SOUDER, IndianaSTEVEN C. L
A
TOURETTE, OhioTODD RUSSELL PLATTS, PennsylvaniaCHRIS CANNON, UtahJOHN J. DUNCAN, J
R
., TennesseeCANDICE S. MILLER, MichiganMICHAEL R. TURNER, OhioDARRELL E. ISSA, CaliforniaGINNY BROWN-WAITE, FloridaJON C. PORTER, NevadaKENNY MARCHANT, TexasLYNN A. WESTMORELAND, GeorgiaPATRICK T. M
C
HENRY, North CarolinaCHARLES W. DENT, Pennsylvania VIRGINIA FOXX, North Carolina——— ———HENRY A. WAXMAN, CaliforniaTOM LANTOS, CaliforniaMAJOR R. OWENS, New YorkEDOLPHUS TOWNS, New YorkPAUL E. KANJORSKI, PennsylvaniaCAROLYN B. MALONEY, New YorkELIJAH E. CUMMINGS, MarylandDENNIS J. KUCINICH, OhioDANNY K. DAVIS, IllinoisWM. LACY CLAY, MissouriDIANE E. WATSON, CaliforniaSTEPHEN F. LYNCH, MassachusettsCHRIS VAN HOLLEN, MarylandLINDA T. SANCHEZ, CaliforniaC.A. DUTCH RUPPERSBERGER, MarylandBRIAN HIGGINS, New YorkELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, District of Columbia———BERNARD SANDERS, Vermont(Independent)M
ELISSA
W
OJCIAK
,
Staff Director
D
AVID
M
ARIN
,
Deputy Staff Director/Communications Director
R
OB
B
ORDEN
,
Parliamentarian
T
ERESA
A
USTIN
,
Chief Clerk
P
HIL
B
ARNETT
,
Minority Chief of Staff/Chief Counsel
S
UBCOMMITTEE ON
N
ATIONAL
S
ECURITY
, E
MERGING
T
HREATS
,
AND
I
NTERNATIONAL
R
ELATIONS
CHRISTOPHER SHAYS, Connecticut,
Chairman
KENNY MARCHANT, TexasDAN BURTON, IndianaILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, FloridaJOHN M. M
C
HUGH, New YorkSTEVEN C. L
A
TOURETTE, OhioTODD RUSSELL PLATTS, PennsylvaniaJOHN J. DUNCAN, J
R
., TennesseeMICHAEL R. TURNER, OhioJON C. PORTER, NevadaCHARLES W. DENT, PennsylvaniaDENNIS J. KUCINICH, OhioTOM LANTOS, CaliforniaBERNARD SANDERS, VermontCAROLYN B. MALONEY, New YorkCHRIS VAN HOLLEN, MarylandLINDA T. SANCHEZ, CaliforniaC.A. DUTCH RUPPERSBERGER, MarylandSTEPHEN F. LYNCH, MassachusettsBRIAN HIGGINS, New York
E
X
O
FFICIO
TOM DAVIS, VirginiaHENRY A. WAXMAN, CaliforniaL
AWRENCE
J. H
ALLORAN
,
Staff Director and Counsel
R. N
ICHOLAS
P
ALARINO
,
Senior Policy Advisor
R
OBERT
A. B
RIGGS
,
Clerk
A
NDREW
S
U
,
Minority Professional Staff Member
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(III)
C O N T E N T S
Page
Hearing held on May 17, 2005...............................................................................1Statement of:Dugan, Elizabeth, vice president, International Republican Institute; Les-lie Campbell, director, Middle East Programs, National DemocraticInstitute for International Affairs; Febe Armanios, professor, middleeastern studies, Middlebury College; Khaled Saffuri, chairman of theboard, Islamic Free Market Institute; and Mona Yacoubian, specialadviser Muslim World Initiative, U.S. Institute for Peace........................47 Armanios, Febe..........................................................................................71Campbell, Leslie........................................................................................61Dugan, Elizabeth.......................................................................................47Saffuri, Khaled..........................................................................................79 Yacoubian, Mona.......................................................................................95Sharansky, Natan, former Israeli Minister, author of ‘‘The Case for De-mocracy: The Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny and Terror’’;and Mithal Al-Alusi, Democratic Party of the Iraqi Nation......................14 Al-Alusi, Mithal.........................................................................................26Sharansky, Natan.....................................................................................14Letters, statements, etc., submitted for the record by: Al-Alusi, Mithal, Democratic Party of the Iraqi Nation, prepared state-ment of...........................................................................................................28 Armanios, Febe, professor, middle eastern studies, Middlebury College,prepared statement of...................................................................................73Campbell, Leslie, director, Middle East Programs, National DemocraticInstitute for International Affairs, prepared statement of........................64Dugan, Elizabeth, vice president, International Republican Institute, pre-pared statement of........................................................................................51Kucinich, Hon. Dennis J., a Representative in Congress from the Stateof Ohio, prepared statement of....................................................................8Saffuri, Khaled, chairman of the board, Islamic Free Market Institute,prepared statement of...................................................................................82Sharansky, Natan, former Israeli Minister, author of ‘‘The Case for De-mocracy: The Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny and Terror’’,prepared statement of...................................................................................18Shays, Hon. Christopher, a Representative in Congress from the Stateof Connecticut, prepared statement of........................................................4 Yacoubian, Mona. special adviser Muslim World Initiative, U.S. Institutefor Peace, prepared statement of.................................................................98
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