International Law

International Law 2000

1. Explain the rules which govern the application of International Law by Municipal Courts.
Give your answer in the light of the court practice with special reference to the British and
American Courts.
2. What do you understand by 'Recognition of States' and 'Recognition of Governments?
Explain fully the distinction between Recognition Dejure and Recognition Defacto.
3. Write short notes on any FOUR of the following:
(a) High Seas (b) Nationality
(c) High jacking (d) Intervention
(e) Chorzow Factory case, Germany V. Poland (1928) , P.C.I.J. Rep. Ser. A, No.17
4. Write short notes on any FOUR of the following:
(a) Human Rights (b) Exclusive Economic Zone
(c) Calvo Clause (d) Blockade
(e) Corfu Channel Case, U.K.V. Albania(1948), I.C.J. Rep. 1949.
5. Define a Treaty. State how are they concluded and terminated?- Explain it in the light of
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969.
6. Critically examine the powers and the voting procedure of the U.N. Security Council .
7. Write a detailed note on the International-court of Justice with particular reference to its
powers to exercise jurisdiction over disputant states.
2001
INTERNATIONAL LAW
NOTE: Attempt five questions in all, including question no. 8 which is compulsory. All
questions carry equal marks.
Q1. Explain in detail the object, purpose and basis of international law.
Q2. Enumerates with short explanation the main principles discussed in any two of the
following cases.
1. Lotus case
2. Clarence Thomas and Anita hill case
3. American diplomat case
Q3. The jurisdiction of international court of justice depends on the consent of the parties
concerned. Discuss.

Q4. Write a comprehensive note on international rivers and international canal.

Q5. Write short notes on any three of the following in the light of convention on the law of
sea 1982 and our maritime zone act of 1976. You must discuss the nature of jurisdiction,
right and duties.
(a) Internal Waters
(b) Continental Shelf
(c) Territorial Waters
(d) Land-locked State
(e) EEZ
Q6. Discuss Kashmir dispute in the light of

Right of self determination

UN Security Council resolution

Non interference in internal affairs

legal status of election in Kashmir

Simla agreement

Q7. Define nationality. What are neutral and neutralized states?

2002
INTERNATIONAL LAW
NOTE: Attempt five questions in all, including question no. 8 which is compulsory. All
questions carry equal marks.
Q1. Explain the various modes of acquiring and losing nationality. What is double Nationality
and Statelessness?
Q2. Write short notes on any four of the following.
(a) Kellogg Briand Pact 1928
(b) The Geneva Convention 1929
(c) Pacta Sunt Servanda
(d) Protectorate
(e) State servitude
Q3. Coercion against a state renders a treaty invalid. Discuss main features of the principle.
Also elaborate two other methods of rendering invalid the consent of a state to be bound by
a treaty.
Q4. State immunity has become a mere fiction which the law can do with out. The principle
is gradually withering away, a process already under way and constantly gaining
momentum. Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Q5. Write short note on any four.
(a) Territorial waters
(b) Monroes doctrine
(c) Equality of states

(d) Doctrine of Postliminium

(e) Prize courts
(f) Continuous voyage
Q6. What do you understand by international institutions? Discuss their status and functions
as subject of international law.
Q7. What are amicable means of settlement of international disputes?
2003
INTERNATIONAL LAW
NOTE: Attempt five questions in all, including question no. 8 which is compulsory. All
questions carry equal marks.
Q1. State the various kinds and classes of diplomatic agents and mention their privileges
and immunities.
Q2. Discuss the term State jurisdiction with reference to
(a) Maritime belt
(b) Port
(c) Foreigners
(d) Floating island
Q3. Write short notes
(a) Double nationality
(b) De facto recognition
(c) International boundaries
(d) Extradition
(e) Neutrality
Q4. Describe the legal nature of recognition of states, with particular reference to difference
between defacto and Dejure recognition.
Q5. Describe international rivers. State the principles of law, regulating the use of water and
navigation in international rivers.
Q6. What is veto? How, when and by whom is used?
Q7. State and discuss in brief the various steps mentioned by starke in the creation of legal
obligation by a treaty.
2004
INTERNATIONAL LAW
NOTE: Attempt five questions in all, including question no. 8 which is compulsory.
All questions carry equal marks.
Q1. Fully explain the duties of a Sovereign State with special reference to:
(a) Not to interfere in the domestic affairs of another state
(b) To refrain from use of threat of use force against another state

Q2. Explain how the problem of Hijacking has been dealt with under the International Law?
Q3. Define Blockade. What are the essentials of real and binding Blockade? What does it
terminate? Refer to leading cases
Q4. Describe various methods of peaceful and amicable settlement of international
disputes.
Q5.How are Prisoners of war to be treated under International Law? Explain with reference
to various conventions.
Q6. The frequent Interventions have challenged the validity of some of fundamental
principles of International Law. What are those principles? Discuss in the light of
interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq by the super-powers.
Q7.Enamurate the principles of International Law involved in the decision of Corfu Channel
Case. Assess the impact that decision on the growth and development of International Law.
2005
INTERNATIONAL LAW
NOTE: Attempt five questions in all, including question no. 8 which is compulsory.
All questions carry equal marks.
Q1.Define International Law. Do you agree with John Austins concept International Law is
not a true law, but a positive international morality? Elaborate your answer with
appropriate arguments.
Q2.What are the sources of International Law? Discuss any two of them in detail.
Q3. Discuss the concept of extradition. Explain main principles of extradition. Discuss also
the crimes exempted from extradition.
Q4. What does Subjects of international law mean? Discuss individuals as subjects of
International Law. Elaborate your answer with the appropriate examples.
Q5. Discuss amicable means for the settlement of international disputes.
.
Q6. Differentiate between Neutralized and Neutral States. Discuss the rights and duties of a
neutral state.
Q7. Write short notes on any two of the followings:
a) Continental Shelf
b) Rights of Prisoners of War
c) Scotia Case
CSS 2006

Q.1. International Law is a Law regulating the rights and duties of states and creating no
rights and imposing no duties on individuals. Do u agree with this statement? Why or why

not? Argue.
Q.2. Discuss the liability of the following:
a) The ambassador of the Republic of Brondasia in Islamabad murders a Pakistani out of
sudden provocation.
b) The wife of the Brondasian ambassador bought cosmetics worth Rs.1000,000 from a local
departmental store, refused to pay and went away to her embassy.
c) A Pakistani friend of the Brondasian ambassador has murdered a Brondasian employee of
the embassy.
Q.3. Describe the functions of a Prize Court. What law does it administer?
Q.4. What is the duty of other states in case of internal revolt in an independent state? Can
they help the rebels? Under what circumstances recognition may be accorded to the rebels?
Q.5. Discuss the extent to which a state can claim jurisdiction over the high seas in war and
peace. Is an appropriation by a state of the underwater soil allowed in International Law?
Q.6. A Pakistani citizen working in the embassy of a foreign country in Islamabad, has
committed an offence against another Pakistani citizen. The Pakistani police want to arrest
such person. However, the ambassador is refusing to handover the accused to the police
with the plea that the accused has a diplomatic immunity. Do you agree with the pleas of
the ambassador? Why or why not?
Q.7. Whatever the morality of intervention, states have no right under International Law to
intervene on the territory of other states in order to prevent alleged crimes against
humanity or to uphold human rights norms. Discuss.

International Law Paper 2007

Q.1 "What is meant by RECOGNITION of STATES as a mamber of FAMILY of NATIONS?
State the different modes of such recognition.
Q.2 "In the absence of any form of international legislature of democratic states,
international law was said to be based upon the consent of the states upon their individual
acceptance of its principles and rules." Discuss.
Q.3 Write short notes on:
(a) universal declaration of human rights
(b) international court of justice
(c) international boundaries
(d) extradition
(e) neutrality
Q.4 What is "VETO?" How , when and by whom it is used?
Q.5 State and discuss in brief the various steps mentioned by STARKE in the creation of

legal obligation by a treaty.

Q.6 Coercion against a state renders a Treaty invalid.Discuss main features of the
principles. Also elaborate TWO other methods of rendering invalid the consent of a State to
be bound by a treaty.
Q.7 Explain the various modes of acquiring and losing NATIONALITY. What is DOUBLE
NATIONALITY and STATELESSNESS?
2008
INTERNATIONAL LAW
Q.2. John Austin says International Law is not a real Law, but a positive International
Morality. Do you agree with him? Give arguments in support of your answer.
Q.3. Briefly and precisely define SUBJECTS International Law. Do you agree that
INDIVIDUALS can be considered as subjects of International Law? Give appropriate
examples in this regard.
Q.4. Discuss Amicable Means for the settlement of International Disputes.?
Q.5. Give precise definition of Extradition. Write a comprehensive essay on extradition by
covering all its aspects.
Q.6. Define High Seas. Explain the concept of Freedom of High Seas along-with restrictions
over it.
Q.7. Discuss Recognition. Differentiate between de-jure and de-facto recognition. What are
the disabilities of an unrecognized state?
Q.8. Differentiate between Territorial and Extra-Territorial Asylum. Under which
circumstances an Embassy or Consulate can offer asylum to a fugitive/offender of the
territorial State?

,2009
International Law
Note: Attempt only four questions from part-2.All questions carry
equal marks.

Q.1 Define International personality and discuss various entities as International Legal
person.
Q.2 How far do you think that International Law is based on common consent of States?
Evaluate importance of customary law and treaty law as binding in this regard
Q.3 Territory is undoubtedly the basic character of a state as well as widely accepted

elaborate with reference to exclusive rights of states on Land and Air territory.
Q.4 How far has the United Nation succeeded in developing a comprehensive system of
Human Rights protection? Can emphasis on social justice and Human rights lead to a stable
International Order?
Q.5 Define State jurisdiction and explain how domestic jurisdiction can be limited by and
reduced by principles of International Law?
Q.6 keeping in view the objectives of the charter seeking to establish a mechanism of peace
and security how far has United Nations succeeded in confronting changes in Global society?
Q.7 Describe Importance of diplomacy in interstate relations and discuss the concept of
diplomacy and immunity?
2010

Federal Public Service Commission

International Law
2. Give such a definition of Int Law which could cover all the modern trends in it?
3. Discuss the concept of Neutralization. How is it done? Explain the Rights, Duties and
Guarantees given to a Neutralized state.
4. Define Recognition. Differentiate between Defacto and Dejure Recognition.
5. What is meant by 'Subjects of Int Law'? Justify Individuals as the subject of Int Law by
giving appropriate examples.
6. Discuss various modes of Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty by the states
acknowledged in Int Law.
7. Give an account of the efforts of international community to protect the civilian
population from the effects of war.
8. Discuss in detail amicable means for settlement of international disputes.
2011
Q. 2: "As the basis of the Law of Nations is the common consent of the member states of
the Family of Nations, it is evident there must exist as many sources of international law as
there are facts through which such common consent can possibly come into existence."
(Oppenheim). Discuss
Q. 3: "International Law is primarily concerned with the rights, duties and intersts of
states." Examine this statement wiht reference to the place of individuals and non-state
entities is International Law.

Q. 4: "The Subject of Recognition is one of the most difficult branches of international law,
not merely from the points of view of exposition of principles, but also intrinsically by reason
of manyh difficulties which arise in practice." Discuss
Q. 5: Define Diplomatic Envoy. Give a short account of the functions, privileges and
immunities of the diplomatic envoys accredited to other states.
Q. 6: "The Practice of United Nations Organization Show that while the principle of SelfDetermination is agreed upon, neither the scope of its application nor the method of
decolonisation has been settled." Discuss
Q. 7: "All the major issue on voting in the Secretary Council are now satisfactorily resolved.
The real problem today is about the composition of the Security Council." Discuss
Q. 8: Elucidate and justify: "The United Nations inspite of its imperfections, is the only
organizations that can save humanity from disaster and copmplete annihilation."

2012
Q.2 Does the customary international law grant the right to use force to a state in response
to a terrorist attack on it? Substantiate your answer by arguing from Article 51 and
Paragraph 4 of the Article 2 of the UN Charter and other recent examples in this regard.
Q3. Non-recognition of a government can be amounted to denying the recognition of the
state itself as it is the governments that do international business on behalf of the states.
Argue in affirmative this statement with particular reference to Constitutive Theory of
Recognition.
Q4. Lord Curzon once said, Frontiers are indeed the razors edge on which hang suspended
the modern issues of war or peace, of life or death to nations. Explain in this light the
various modes of acquisition of territory by a state.
Q5. What are the various kinds of treaties in international law? Explain the laws about
formation, interpretation and termination of treaties.
Q6. What is Veto? How, when and by whom it is used? What consequences Pakistan had to
face in the past because of its use by a former superpower?
Q7. Explain with reference to the relevant articles of the UN Charter that whether the world
body is authorized to intervene in the domestic jurisdiction of its member states.
Q8. Write short notes on any FOUR of the following:
(a) Protectorate (b) Prize Courts (c) Extradition
(d) Double Nationality (e) Continental Shelf (f) Universal Declaration of Human Rights

2013
1. International law is a product of centuries - elaborate the statement in view of the
scientific development and codification of the law.
2. States continue to be the principal subjects of international legal relations but
non-state entities too exert a great deal of influence on the legal system. Examine

the statement with reference to rights and duties of international organizations under
law.
3. While customs form the major part of Internatiomal law it is conventions that
make it more authentic and applicable. Discuss.
4. Why is the third UN convention on the law of sea (UNCLOS-III) considered a vast
diplomatic and legal undertaking and what has made it different to the earlier efforts
on the subject ?
5. Explain the structure and powers of the International Court of Justice and assess
the importance of the principles laid down in judicial decisions of leading cases as
precedents for states.
6. Define Recognition and explain its kinds. Also point out the difference between
recognition of states and governments.
7. Keeping in view the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). What can be a
reform agenda in your opinion for making the UN more effective ?

Re-exam 2013

2) As a law based on common consent of states, international law should have more binding
authority and less moral considerations . Discuss.
3) Define the term NEUTRALITY and explain the rights and duties of a neutral state.
4) Keeping in view the powers of the security council what suggestions can you give for
improving its structure as a dominant body within UN .
5) TERRORISM has become an international phenomenon - how far are you satisfied with
international legal controls of such criminal conduct .
6) What is STATE SUCCESSION ? What is the scope of treaty continuity or treaty obligations
in case of extinction of a state?
7) Territory is essential part of a state - examine the statement in view of modes of
acquisition and loss of state territory.
8) Considering the practice of leading states how far is it true to say that international Law
and municipal law are two distinct but coordinate legal systems.
(2014)
Part II
Q.NO.2 "When all has been said it will be found that consent remains firmly the basis of
international law, and there are as many, and only as many, sources of international law as
there are ways whereby the consent of states can be expressed"? Discuss
Q.NO.3 "What ever be the generally accepted rules governing the outer limit of the
territorial limit of the territorial sea this issue, and others like it, will be settled in many
cases on the basis of the principles of acquiescence and opposability". Discuss

Q.NO.4 the assumption that the "genuine link" formula, invented for dealing with people, is
capable of immediate application to ships..........smacks of a disappointing naivete
Q.NO.5 "The case law of the international court of justice and the practice of United Nations
show that while the principle of self-determination is agreed upon, neither the scope of its
application nor the method of decolonisation has been settled" Discuss
Q.NO.6"All the major issues on voting in the security council are now satisfactorily resolved.
The real problem to day is about the composition of the Security Council" Discuss
Q.NO.7"The office of the Secretary General of the United Nations is certainly the most
important and visible post in intentional multilateral diplomacy but it has been called the
most impossible job in the world because the faces complex and contradictory pressures in
the performance of his duties" Discuss
Q. No.8 To what extent could the constitution and practice of the international labour
organisation server as a useful model for other specialized international organisations ?
2015.
INTERNATIONAL LAW
Q.2. What is the relationship between Positive Law Theory, Natural Law Theory and
International Law? How these theories contributed in the evolution of International
Law? (20)
Q.3. Explain the sources of International Law in the light of Article 38(1) of the Statute of
International Court of Justice. (20)
Q.4. What is the difference between immunities and privileges of diplomats? What is its
place in International Law? How it affects the functions and responsibilities of the
diplomats? (20
Q.5. "Treaties are known by a variety of differing names, ranging from conventions,
international agreements, pacts, general acts, and charters through to statutes, declarations
and conventions.' Discuss in the light of laws of its formation, interpretation and
termination. (20)
Q.6. What is the role of state recognition in the commencement of existence of a state?
What are the rules that govern the issues that arise out of a state ceasing to exist? (20)
Q.7. Explain the rules which govern how an insurgency movement can become a subject of
International Law. (20)
Q.8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following cases, discussing brief facts and
important points of law: (20)
(a) Corfu Channel Case; (b) The Rainbow Warrior Case; (c) The Nottebohm Case.

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