Water Level Controller using 8051

Microcontroller: Here we are designing the circuit which is used to detect and control the
water level automatically in overhead tank using 8051 microcontroller. It is used in industries
to control the liquid level automatically.
Password Based Door Lock System using
8051 Microcontroller: This system
demonstrates a password based door lock
system wherein once the correct code or
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password is entered, the door is opened and the
concerned person is allowed access to the
secured area. After some time, the door would
be closed. Read this post completely to get
more information.
Car Parking Guard Circuit Using Infrared
Sensor: This circuit helps the person in the
driving seat in such a way that it gives an alarm
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if there is any obstacle or a wall while parking
or while driving in reverse. It is very useful in
our real life.
Battery Charger Circuit Using SCR: Here is
the circuit diagram of battery charger circuit
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using Silicon Controlled Rectifier. SCR can be
used in half wave rectifier, full wave rectifier,
inverter circuits, power control circuits, etc.
Interfacing GPS with 8051 Microcontroller:
In this interfacing of GPS with 8051 circuit,
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GPS module calculates the position by reading
the signals that are transmitted by satellites.
Speed Control of DC Motor Using Pulse
Width Modulation: This pulse width
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modulation technique is the more efficient way
to proceed to manage the speed of our DC
motor manually.
Metal Detector Circuit: This is a simple metal
detector circuit which is very useful for
checking the person in shopping malls, hotels,
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cinema halls to ensure that person is not
carrying any explosive metals or illegal things
like guns, bombs etc.
Thermistor Temperature Sensing Alarm:
This circuit is a temperature sensing as well as
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alarm circuit. The circuit raises an alarm
whenever the temperature crosses a certain
limit.
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FM Remote Encoder/Decoder Circuit: This
is a simple post which shows you how to
design FM remote encoder and decoder circuit
using RF600E and RF600D ICs. This pair of
encoder and decoder ICs establishes the

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communication with high level security. The

operating voltage of these ICs is from 2V to
6.6V DC.
Wireless Mobile Battery Charger Circuit:
This circuit mainly works on the principle of
mutual inductance. This circuit may be used as
wireless power transfer circuit, wireless mobile
charger circuit, wireless battery charger circuit,
etc.
Simple 100W Inverter Circuit: This is a small
Inverter circuit which converts the direct
current (DC) to alternating current (AC).
Battery Level Indicator: This article explains
you how design battery level indicator. You can
use this circuit to check car battery or inverter.
So by using this circuit, we can increase the
lifetime of battery.
FM Radio Circuit: FM Radio circuit is the
simple circuit that can be tuned to the required
frequency locally. This article describes the
circuit of FM radio circuit. This is a pocket
sized radio circuit.
LED Lamp Circuit using USB Port: This is a
simple USB LED Light circuit which produces
an output of 5v. It may be used as emergency
light and also as a reading lamp.
Digital Voltmeter using 8051
Microcontroller: This is a simple digital
voltmeter circuit designed using 8051
microcontroller. This circuit measures the input
voltage from 0V to 5V. Here, the input voltage
should be DC voltage to get the accurate output
on LCD.
Wireless Switch Circuit using CD4027: This
is a simple circuit which needs no physical
contact with the appliance. In this circuit, all
you need is to pass your hand above LDR to
ON or OFF the switch.
Water Level Indicator: This Water Level
Indicator project employs a simple mechanism
which helps to detect and indicate the water
level in an overhead tank or any other water
container. It can be used in Hotels, Factories,
Homes Apartments, Commercial Complexes,
Drainage, etc.
Water Level Alarm Using 555 Timer: This is
a simple and low cost hardware project using a
555 timer circuit. The aim of this project is to
design a water level detecting alarm with

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simple and low cost hardware without

compromising on the performance of the
device.
Wailing Siren Circuit: The main principle of
this circuit is to produce a wailing siren. The
555 timer IC is operated in astable mode. When
the switch is pressed, speaker produces high
pitch siren and when it is released, its pitch
decreases and is switched off after 30 seconds.
Variable Voltage Power Supply from Fixed
Voltage Regulator: This Voltage regulator
circuit is used to get fixed voltage at the output
without depending on the input voltage.
USB Mobile Charger Circuit: This circuit is
useful in charging the mobiles through USB
outlet present in our laptops and PCs. For the
charging of your mobile phone, this circuit
provides you a regulated voltage of 4.7 volts.
UP/DOWN Fading LED Lights: This is a
simple up/down fading LED lights circuit
which can be used in shopping malls, home and
security applications."/>
Understanding 7805 IC Voltage Regulator:
This is a circuit diagram of 7805 IC which is a
5v DC regulated IC. It is very flexible and is
employed in many circuits like a voltage
regulator.
555 Timer in Monostable and Astable
Multivibrator Modes: Here is the detailed
explanation along with circuit diagrams about
how a 555 timer circuit works as an astable
multivibrator and as a monostable
multivibrator.
Unbiased Digital Dice with LEDs: This is a
circuit diagram of digital dice which is nearly
unbiased. By using this circuit, there is no
chance to cheat as the circuit operates at such a
high speed that the circuit is almost
imperceptible to the human eye.
Ultrasonic Rangefinder using 8051: This
circuit explains you how to measure the
distance using 8051 microcontroller. This
ultrasonic range finder system measures the
distance up to 2.5 meters at accuracy of 1 cm.
TV Transmitter Circuit: The main principle
of this circuit is to transmit the audio and video
signals. Here audio signals are frequency
modulated and video signals are PAL
modulated. These modulated signals are

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applied for the antenna.

TV Remote Control Jammer: This proposed
TV jammer circuit confuses the infrared
receiver in a TV by producing the constant
signal that interferes the remote control signal.
If you switch on the circuit once, the TV will
not receive any command from the remote.
This allows you to watch your own program
without anyone changing the channel or
volume.
Transistor Intercom Circuit: This transistor
intercom circuit is a simple two way intercom
circuit which is used for the dual purpose of
sending as well as receiving signals.
Toy Organ using 555 Timer IC: This is the
circuit diagram of simple Toy Piano using 555
Timer IC. It produces different tones or sounds
depending on the frequency range.
Touch ON and OFF Switch Circuit: This
Touch ON/OFF Switch circuit is more useful in
such a way that we can automatically ON or
OFF any switch by touching a device without
moving from our place.
Temperature Controlled DC Fan using
Microcontroller: The main principle of the
circuit is to switch on the fan connected to DC
motor when the temperature is greater than a
threshold value.This can be used in home
applications and in cpu to reduce heat.
Super Sensitive Intruder Alarm: This circuit
is designed to alert the user when an intruder
enters into the home. If there is any obstacle in
front of IR sensor, it generates an interrupt
signal. This interrupt signal is given to the
speaker to alert the user.
Sun Tracking Solar Panel: This article
describes about circuit that rotates solar panel.
This Sun tracking solar panel consists of two
LDRs, solar panel, stepper motor and
ATMEGA8 Microcontroller.
Stun Gun Circuit: This Stun gun circuit is
mostly used as a weapon to stun or send shock
waves to the target with the intention to weaken
or paralyze it.
Automatic Dusk to Dawn (Evening on to
Morning Off)
: This article describes about the circuit that
switches the street lights on detecting vehicle
movement and remains off after fixed time.

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This system controls the street lights using light

dependent resistor and PIR sensor.
Stepper Motor Interfacing with 8051
Microcontroller: The main principle of this
circuit is to rotate the stepper motor step wise
at a particular step angle. The ULN2003 IC is
used to drive the stepper motor as the controller
cannot provide current required by the motor.
SR Flip Flop with NAND and NOR Gates:
SR Flip Flop, also known as SR latch is the
most vital as well as broadly used Flip Flop.
Get an idea about design of SR Flip Flop with
NAND and NOR Gates.
Solar Battery Charger Circuit: Here is the
simple circuit to charge 6V, 4.5Ah rechargeable
Lead-acid battery from the solar panel. This
solar charger has current and voltage regulation
and also has over voltage cut off facilities. This
circuit may also be used to charge any battery
at constant voltage because output voltage is
adjustable.
Simple LED Blinking Lights Circuit: Here is
a best example for simple LED blinking ligts
i.e. LED Flasher which blinks the LEDs in
regular time period. This circuit can be used for
decoration purpose or can be used for a
signaling purpose and many more.
Simple FM Radio Jammer Circuit: This is a
Jammer circuit which is used to block the
signals. Jammer circuit produces the high
frequency signal which will confuse the
receiver of particular system from receiving the
signal, even though circuit is working properly,
user of the system feels that circuit is not
working properly.
Simple Fire Alarm Circuits: Here are two
simple fire alarm circuits which are used to
detect the fire automatically and inform to the
people immediately with an alarm.
Audio Tone Control Circuit: This article
explains you how to design an audio tone
control circuit with the gain of around 25. This
design needs less number of components and it
is cost effective.
Security Alarm Circuit: This circuit helps you
to guard your precious documents as well as
jewellery from intruders or theft. All you need
is to just place this circuit in front of the locker
or below the mat so when any unknown person

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come and walk over the switch, the circuit will

trigger and sound of alarm comes.
Remote Control Circuit through RF without
microcontroller: Here we have used RF434
MHz modules to make wireless remote. Using
this remote, we can control the appliances
within the range of 100 meters. It is used for
remote control applications like burglar alarm,
car door alarm, calling bell, security systems,
etc.
RFID based Attendance System: This simple
RFID based attendance system is designed
using ATmega8 Microcontroller and is mainly
used in educational institutions, industries, etc.
where authentication is needed.
Reverse Parking Sensor Circuit: If you are a
new driver then it is very difficult to judge the
distance while parking the car. Reverse parking
sensor circuit solves this problem by indicating
the distance with the help of three LEDs. We
can easily arrange this system at the back side
of the car.
Remote Operated Spy Robot Circuit: This is
a simple spy robot circuit which can be
controlled by the remote. The maximum
controllable range is 125 meters. It is used to
observe the behavior of wild animals where
human beings cannot reach.
Remote Operated Alarm Circuit: This circuit
rings an alarm when you point a TV remote at
it and press on any button. This can be used as
a calling bell to call your assistant.
Reaction Timer Game Circuit: This is a
simple and funny game circuit which contains
10 LEDs that are moving in an arbitrary
fashion and we have to target a particular LED
given by your challenger.
Rain Alarm Circuit: Rain water detector will
detect the rain and make an alert; rain water
detector is used in the irrigation field, home
automation, communication, automobiles etc.
Here is the simple and reliable circuit of rain
water detector which can be constructed at low
cost.
PWM LED Dimmer Using NE555: The Pulse
Width Modulation (PWM) plays an important
role in controlling the circuits. We use this
PWM to dim the intensity of light of the LED.
PWM based DC Motor Speed Control using

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Microcontroller: Here is a simple DC Motor

speed control circuit designed using AVR
Microcontroller. Here we use a technique
called PWM (pulse width modulation) to
control the speed of DC motor.
Pull Pin Security Alarm System: This circuit
helps us to get alerted when anybody picks our
pockets or bags. The circuit is very helpful to
prevent our goods getting pick pocketed.
Police Siren Circuit using NE555 Timer:
This circuit produces a sound similar to the
police siren. You may also get detailed
information about pin diagram and internal
block diagram of NE555 timer.
Police Lights using 555 Timer: This circuit
simulates the police car lights by alternate
flashing. This circuit flashes red LEDs for three
times and blue LEDs for three times. This
flashing action performs continuously. This
circuit uses 555 timer and a decade counter.
Polarity cum Continuity Tester: With the
help of this circuit, we can also identify
whether the components we are using in our
circuit are good or bad before mounting them
on the PCB.
PIR Sensor Based Security Alarm: This
article explains about PIR based security
system in which PIR sensor is used instead of
transmitter or receiver. This saves the power
consumption and is low cost. This circuit can
be used in the museums to protect the valuable
things.
Panic Alarm: This panic alarm circuit helps us
to intimate others regarding our bad situation
without any delay. It is more useful when an
intruder entering our house or bad health status
at which we are unable to intimate to the
people around us.
One Transistor Electronic Code Lock
System: The main principle of this circuit is
that the door lock opens only when the buttons
are pressed in an order. The transistor and
diode plays a main role in the circuit.
Multiplexer and Demultiplexer: A
multiplexer is a circuit that accepts many inputs
but gives only one output where as a
demultiplexer accepts only one input and gives
many outputs. Get an idea about their circuit
diagram and pin diagrams in this post.

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Motion Detector Circuit: The motion detector

is not only used as intruder alarm but also used
in many applications like home automation
system, energy efficiency system, etc. The
motion detector will detect the motion of the
people or objects and give the appropriate
output according to the circuit.
Morse Code Generator Circuit: This is a
circuit used to generate morse code. Morse
code is very old and versatile technique to send
text messages using wireless media.
Monostable Multivibrator Circuit
Operation: Here is the monostable
multivibrator circuit diagram and working.
Multivibrator is an electronic circuit which will
work as two stage amplifier operating in both
stable and astable mode.
Variable Power Supply and Charger: This is
a circuit which helps to check or test your
electronic projects and also to charge the
Mobile phone batteries. This circuit can also
work as an emergency light.
Mobile Jammer Circuit: This circuit is used
to block the signals of cell phones with in the
range of 100 meters. This circuit can be used in
TV transmission and also for remote controlled
toys or play things.
Mains Operated LED Light Circuit: This is a
simple circuit which is more useful to save our
resources, energy and money by installing in
your homes.
Luggage Security Alarm: This is a simple
alarm circuit which helps in ringing a warning
alarm when someone tries to steal the luggage.
Low Power Audio Amplifier using 555
Timer: This is a simple low power audio
amplification circuit designed using 555 timer.
It can be used to develop low power music
systems used in vehicles.
Line Following Robotic Circuit using
ATMega8 Microcontroller: This line follower
robot is a basic robot that follows a specific
path indicated by a line having some particular
width.
Light Activated Switch Circuit: The main
principle of this circuit is to switch ON the
light when the LDR is illuminated. This circuit
can be used in security applications like when
there is darkness on the LDR, it stops lighting.

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LED Running Lights Circuit: This is a simple

circuit consists of 9 LED lights in knight rider
scanner mode. It will present an eye catching
look as the LED initially travel in the one way
and then travel reverse in the similar direction.
LED Lamp Dimmer Circuit: In this circuit, at
the starting LED glows slowly, then grown
brighter and once again slowly it became dim.
The basis of the whole circuit is an operational
amplifier IC named LM358.
LED Interfacing with 8051: The main
principle of this circuit is to interface LEDs to
the 8051 family micro controller. Commonly,
used LEDs will have voltage drop of 1.7v and
current of 10mA to glow at full intensity. This
is applied through the output pin of the
microcontroller.
3X3X3 LED Cube: This is a simple a simple
LED cube circuit designed without using
microcontroller. It is based on the principle of
driving LEDs using the clock pulses.
LED Christmas Lights Circuit: This is a
simple circuit used to decorate your house by
building christmas lights using LEDs. The
lights will get ON at night and OFF in morning
time.
Lead Acid Battery Charger Circuit: Lead
Battery is a rechargeable battery and is more
useful in our real life as it will dissipate very
little energy, it has very low energy to weight
ratio, it can deliver high current, can work for
long time with high efficiency and is very low
cost.
LC Meter using 555 Timer: This is a simple
LC Meter circuit designed using 555 Timer and
8051 microcontroller. It is mainly used to
measure value of a reactive element like a
capacitor or an inductor.
JK Flip Flop using CD4027: CD4027 is a JK
flip flop that is generally used for data storing.
Get an idea about how to build JK Flip Flop
with CD4027.
IR Remote Control Switch: By using this
circuit, we can control any house hold
appliance with the help of remote. In this
project, there are two parts one is in
transmitting section and the other is in
receiving section. Receiving section will be in
a stable position which is connected to any load

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and transmitter will act as a normal remote.

DC Motor Interfacing with 8051
Microcontroller: Here is a simple but very
useful circuit in our real life named interfacing
DC motor with 8051 microcontroller. It
describes you how to control the DC motor
using AT89C51 controller.
Interfacing 7 Segment Display to 8051: This
article describes you how to interface seven
segments to AT89C51 microcontroller. This
system displays the digits from 0 to 9
continuously with a predefined delay.
Interfacing16X2 LCD with PIC
Microcontroller: This is a circuit which helps
in interfacing 162 LCD to PIC18F4550
microcontroller which is of family PIC18F.
Interfacing 16X2 LCD to AVR
Microcontroller: This is a circuit which helps
in interfacing 16X2 LCD with AVR
Microcontroller. The Atmega16 belongs to the
AVR microcontroller family.
Interfacing 16x2 LCD with 8051: This is a
simple circuit diagram which helps to describe
interfacing of 16X2 LCD module to
AT89C51which is a 8051 family
microcontroller.
Intelligent Unambiguous Night Lamp
Switcher: This is the circuit diagram of
unambiguous night lamp switch, which turns
ON our domestic lights automatically when it
is dark, without human interference. It also
avoids repeated frequent switching of the
devices which is usually ignored in most
similar circuits but may have a detrimental
effect on our operating devices.
555 Timer IC Testing Circuit: This is a simple
555 IC testing-circuit which tests your entire
555 timer IC. So before using your IC, you
may check whether your IC is good or bad by
using this circuit.
Hot Water Geyser Controller Circuit: This
circuit is made to turn OFF geysers as soon as
our water gets hot and are ready for bathing.
High and Low Voltage Cutoff with Delay
and Alarm: This high and low voltage cutoff
with delay alarm circuit is an advanced
automatic voltage stabilizer circuit and is used
to protect our home appliances. It's cost is less
as compared to voltage stabilizers.

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Frequency Counter Circuit: Here we design a

simple frequency counter system using two
timers and two counters. While one of the
Timer IC is used to produce clock signals, the
other is used to produce the time limited signal
of one second.
FM Transmitter Circuit: Here we built a
wireless FM transmitter which uses RF
communication to transmit the medium or low
power FM signal. The maximum range of
transmission is around 2 km.
FM Bugger Circuit: Here is small circuit with
which you can listen to another people
conversation from long distance using the
normal FM radio set. This FM bugger circuit is
kept in room where you want listen the
conversation. You can listen to this
conversation using the normal FM radio set.
Fire Alarm with Siren Sound: This circuit
alerts us when there is a fire accident at home
by ringing a siren sound instead of a buzzer.
Mosquito Repellent Circuit: Here is the
simple electronic mosquito repellent circuit
which can produce ultrasound in the frequency
range of 20-38 kHz, which can scare away
mosquitoes.
Electronic Letter Box: This is a simple circuit
which helps in finding out any letter dropped in
our box by stopping the LED lights attached in
this circuit.
Dummy Alarm Circuit: The main principle of
the circuit is to flash an LED for every 5
seconds. The circuit consists of 7555 timer IC
as main component.
DTMF Based Home Automation System
Circuit: This is a simple and very useful circuit
in our real life named DTMF controlled home
appliances system. It helps to control the home
appliances using DTMF technology.
Ding Dong Sound Generator Circuit: This is
ding dong sound generator circuit is designed
using 555 timer IC in astable mode. It can be
used as doorbell. With some modifications, it
can be used to produce different sounds. Read
this post for complete details.
Digital Voltmeter Circuit using ICL7107:
Here we designed a analog to digital converter
working as a digital voltmeter using a low
power three and half digit A/D converter

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ICL7107 having internal 7 segment decoders,

display drivers, a reference and a clock.
Digital Temperature Sensor: The main
principle of this circuit is to display the digital
temperature value. These are mainly used in
environmental applications.
Digital Stopwatch Circuit: This is a simple
circuit that displays count from 0 to 59,
representing a 60 second time interval. It
consists of a 555 timer to produce the clock
pulses and two counter ICs to carry out the
counting operation.
Basic Logic Gates Using NAND Gate: We are
all well known that NOT, AND, OR are the
basic logic gates. Here we have shown how to
design these basic logic gates using one of the
universal gates - NAND Gate.
Density Based Traffic Signal System using
Microcontroller: In this system, we use IR
sensors to measure the traffic density. We have
to arrange one IR sensor for each road; these
sensors always sense the traffic on that
particular road. All these sensors are interfaced
to the microcontroller. Based on these sensors,
controller detects the traffic and controls the
traffic system.
Curtain Opener/Closer Circuit: This circuit
will open and close the curtain of your home
and office just by pushing a switch. So with the
help of this unique circuit, we do not need to
move from one place to open and close the
curtain.
Continuity Tester with Melody: This circuit
works as a continuity tester device which tests
the continuity of the wire at hand. It is an
indispensable tool to check broken wires and
undesired shorting of wires.
Digital Tachometer using 8051
Microcontroller: Here we designed a simple
non contact tachometer using microcontroller
which can measure speed with an accuracy of 1
rev/sec.
Construction of Basic Logic Gates using
NOR Gate: Here, we have shown how to
construct the basic logic gates - NOT, AND,
OR gates using NOR Gate which is one of the
universal gates.
Clap Switch Circuit for Devices: This is
another simple but very useful circuit which

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helps to ON or OFF a device without moving

from you place and also helps to control the
speed of the electric devices like fan, etc.
Celsius Scale Thermometer using AT89C51:
This Celsius Scale Thermometer circuit is
designed using at89c51 and lm35. This circuit
works on analog to digital conversion principle.
It can be used at homes, mobile places like cars
to keep a track of the temperature.
Cell Phone Detector: This is a simple circuit
which helps to detect the presence of an
activated cell phone by detecting the signals in
the frequency range of 0.9 to 3GHz. It helps in
mobile phones tracking which are used for
spying.
Car Battery Charger Circuit: This article
aims to describe the principle of operation,
design and working of a simple car battery
charger from AC mains supply and a feedback
control section to control the battery charging.
Boolean Algebra Calculator: This Boolean
algebra calculator is an interesting project
which is more useful in our real life by working
as a portable calculator to simplify the Boolean
expression on the fly. In our circuit, we use
Boolean algebra simplification methods like
the Quine-McCluskey algorithm to simplify the
Boolean expression and display the output on
the display.
Bipolar LED Driver Circuit: This bipolar
LED driver circuit is very useful at the places
where flashing of light is required, as in beacon
flashing. This circuit can be mainly used for
indication purposes.
Bike Turning Signal Circuit: The objective of
this circuit is to indicate left or right turn for
bike/vehicle. Two identical circuits are needed,
one is for left and the other is for right. The
main heart of this circuit is 555 timer.
Bidirectional Visitor Counter using 8051:
This Bidrectional Visitor Counter Circuit is
helpful to count the number of persons entering
or leaving a room and to display it on a screen.
7 Segment LED Display Decoder: This is the
circuit diagram of display decoder which is
used to convert a BCD or binary code into a 7
segment code used to operate a 7 segment LED
display.
Battery Powered Portable Light: This circuit

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is more helpful in handling unexpected and

undesired darkness in our homes or offices. It
provides considerable amount of brightness
required to do our daily tasks.
Battery Charger Circuit: This battery charger
circuit works on the principle of controlling
switching of an SCR based on charging and
discharging of battery.
Auto Turnoff Soldering Iron Circuit: This
circuit helps the soldering iron to turn off
automatically when it detects overheating and
thereby avoids it from getting damaged.
Auto Night Lamp using High Power LED:
This Auto Night Lamp is an interesting circuit
which helps to turn ON the LED lights
interfaced to it at night time and it turns OFF
the lights automatically when it is day.
Automatic Washroom Light Switch: This is a
simple but very useful circuit in our real life
which helps to automatically turn On the lights
when a person enters the washroom and it
automatically turns Off the lights when he
leaves it.
Automatic Street Light Controller Circuit
Using Relays and LDR: This circuit helps in
automatically turn ON/OFF the street lights
using relays and LDR. The whole circuit is
based on IC CA3140.
Automatic Railway Gate Controller with
High Speed Alerting System: The main aim of
this project is to operate and control the
unmanned railway gate in the proper manner in
order to avoid the accidents in the unmanned
railway crossing.
Automatic Plant Irrigation System: This
project circuit is more useful in watering plants
automatically without any human interference.
It is more useful when the owner is not present
in the home for few days.
Automatic LED Emergency Light Circuit:
This is the simple and cost effective automatic
emergency light circuit with light sensing. This
system charges from main supply and gets
activated when main supply is turned OFF.
This emergency lamp will work for more than
8 hours.
Automatic Door Bell With Object Detection:
This automatic doorbell with object detection
circuit helps to sense the presence of a person

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or an object automatically and rings the

doorbell.
Automatic Changeover Switch: This is a
simple automatic changeover circuit in which
DC load like a series of LEDs are driven either
by a battery or an AC-DC power supply.
Automatic Battery Charger: This charger
automatically shut off the charging process
when battery attains full charge. This prevents
the deep charge of the battery. If the battery
voltage is below the 12V, then circuit
automatically charges the battery.
Auto Intensity Control of Street Lights: This
is a simple circuit that automatically controls
the intensity of street lights which is designed
using microcontroller and LEDs.
Audio Equalizer Circuit: The circuit is used
to change the tune/melody into a different pitch
level by devoid of loss in the tune. It is mainly
useful to music lovers.
Air Flow Detector Circuit: This Air flow
detector circuit can be used to detect the flow
of air in areas like car engine. It can also be
used as temperature detector.