Cosmetology

I.

Introduction
A. Defined cosmetology
1. What cosmetology does
B. What is needed to be cosmetologist
C. Why I did this for senior project

II.

History of cosmetology
A. The Roman
B. Middle Ages
1. Beauty masks
B. Max Factor & Charles Revson
1. Curling iron
2. Nail polish

II.

Safety
A. Basic steps
B. Choosing the right foundation
C. Philosophy

II.

Hair
A. Principles of hair
B. Math
1. Lines
B. Facial types
1. Seven types

B. Men styling
II.

Continuing with hair

III.

Makeup

IV.

Conclusion

Lytzy Maldonado
Ms. Fender
English IV
11/17/16
Cosmetology
Introduction
As many of us know the beauty industry is growing. Time is changing and that is a great thing.
Change opens many doors and opportunities to cosmetologist. A new year is ahead of us
bringing new trends, new styles and a new you in the beauty industry. Beauty and change is the
reason why cosmetology has become one of the fastest growing careers employing more than
1,683,000 in 2007, and is expected to grow by 13% from 2012 to 2022 according to NACCAS.
Cosmetology is a profession that requires artistry, practical knowledge and a high
degree of communication and psychology commonly known as people skills. Having good
communication and human relations is very important in order to communicate properly and
maintaining a happy client. Cosmetology is a term used to encompass a broad range of
specialty areas including hairstyling, nail technology and esthetics. A professional cosmetologist
provides many services. Meaning cosmetologist need to perform with safe sanitation and
infectious control, while using products and tools.
Cosmetology is the art and science of beautifying and improving the beauty and health
of skin, hair and nails. It also includes the study of cosmetics and their application. Cosmetics
come from the Greek word kosmetikos meaning skilled in the use of cosmetics and their
application. Archaeological studies have revealed that haircutting and styling were practice in
some form as early as the ice age and cosmetics came to be known during the Egyptian era. It
is amazing how many old methods are still being used today. By studying the origin of these
techniques are very useful in understanding how they are used today.
In order to pursue a career in the beauty industry there are specific courses that one has
to take in order to become a cosmetologist. Including but not limited to hair care, nail care,
facial and skin care, salon management and most importantly safety and sanitation procedures.
Once this courses have been completed 1500 hours students are finally ready to take a written
and practical hands on exam that every state requires. After license has been granted to you
have the opportunity to perform services on clients. Obtaining your license means you can help
predict upcoming trends opening many doors for you to grow as a cosmetologist.
Being a cosmetologist is not an easy job you will need to have practice and patience.
There will also be a lot of competition and a lot of responsibilities. Im very interested by how

beauty has become a huge part of our everyday life. I would love to become a cosmetologist to
help women be confident and help them find their inner beauty. Women have become so
trapped in a world where they have house, family and job responsibilities to care for. I want to
help them understand that it i's ok to take a moment for themselves to get pampered they
deserve it. Many cosmetologist work at a salon or spa and other open their own salon work their
own hours. I
want to have the opportunity to be my own boss, and have my own hours this is
why before I invest in a career I want to be able to see if this is something I want to do after
graduate. I decided to do my senior project on cosmetology
to see if it is something I would really like and enjoy to do every day.
Brief history of cosmetology
During the golden ages of Greece, hairstyling became a highly developed art. The
Roman women would use hair color to indicate their society class. Noble women tint their hair
red, lower class women dyed their hair black, while middle class women colored their hair blond.
The Renaissance was the transition from medieval to modern history this period was were both
men and women had a great pride on their physical appearance. A trend they had was shaving
their eyebrows and hairline which was meant to give them a look of greater appearance.
In the Middle Ages women wore colored makeup on lips and cheeks but not on the eyes. Then
in the Victorian age women used beauty masks to preserve the health and beauty of the skin.
Beauty masks were made from natural ingredients such as honey, eggs, milk, fruit, and
vegetables. Another thing they did during this period was bit their lips for a natural look instead
of cosmetics.
Marcel Grateau had a lot of involvement in cosmetology due to his creations. In 1872,
he invented the very first curling iron which was a gas burner with heated tongs later around
1923, Marcel created an electronic version. Other things he created were barber clips, a safety
razor and a permanent wave machine. Max Factor began making and selling makeup at Los
Angles in 1908. Later in 1935 he created pancake makeup to make actors skin look natural on
color films. 1932, Charles Revson of Revlon fame marketed the first nail polish opposed to nail
stain using formulas
that were borrowed from the automobile paint industry. Ten years ago the Brazilian straightening
treatments were introduced to the United States.
Safety
In order to be a successful, responsible and knowledgeable in the cosmetology field
there needs to be a complete and thorough understanding of infectious control. This means if
you keep your implements and environment clean you can keep your clients and salon
environment safe. Many federal and state agencies regulate the practice of cosmetology.
Federal agencies set guidelines for manufacturing, sale, and use of equipment and chemical
ingredients. State agencies regulate licensing, enforcement, and conduct while working in the
salon or spa. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration also known as OSHA. OSHA
it's used in the job force are and was created as a part of the US department of labor to regulate
and enforce safety and health standards to protect employees in the workplace.

Cosmetologist use the material safety data sheet also known as MSDS both federal and
state laws require that manufacturers supply this form for all products sold. MSDS contains
information by the manufacturer that includes the name of hazardous ingredients and also
provides disposal guidelines and medical information. It is very important to keep this up to date
in your salon. If state board comes to your facility and this is not available it can affect your point
in your cosmetology license. State regulatory agencies exist to protect salon professionals and
to
protect consumers health and safety while they receive services. As a cosmetologist you must
follow laws and rules. State board writes the rules and regulations and they determine how the
law must be applied. Stylist should be aware of any changes or updates to the rules and
regulations and they must be followed.
Bacteria are known to be a one cell microorganism that have both plant and animals.
Non pathogenic bacteria is harmless organisms that may perform useful functions. Pathogenic
bacteria are harmful microorganism that may cause disease or infection in humans when they
invade the body. Salons must maintain a strict standards for cleaning and disinfecting at all
times to prevent the spread of pathogenic bacteria.the most common bacteria are Bacilli short
rod-shaped bacteria and produce diseases such as tetanus, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and
diphtheria.
Proper decontamination can prevent the spread of disease caused by exposure to
potentially infectious materials on an items surface. Decontamination is the removal of blood or
other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface. There are two methods of
decontamination that can help in the removal of visible debris or residue such as dust, hair, and
skin. Decontamination method one is the procedure of cleaning and then disinfecting with warm
water and soap and an appropriate EPA registered disinfectant. Decontamination method two is
cleaning and then sterilizing. Proper use of disinfectants means all implements must be
thoroughly clean of all visible matter or residue before placing them in disinfecting solution.
Infectious control practices should be a part of the normal routine to keep a professional salon
image.

Hair
Studying the principles of hair design can help a cosmetologist have a better
understanding of the guidelines that will help achieve the styling vision. It will also help in
creating styles designed to help clients camouflage unattractive features while emphasizing
attractive ones. As a designer will need to develop a visual understanding of which hairstyles
works best on different face shapes and body types. It requires time and experience to train the
eye to recognize the best designed decision. Great hairstylist find inspiration everywhere by
keeping an open mind and eye for what is new in the beauty industry. It is important that
cosmetologist grow by dedicating themselves to continuing their education.
Math plays an important role in the beauty industry. Lines defines form and space while
creating shape, design and movement of a hairstyle. There are four types of lines horizontal
lines create width, extending in the same direction. Vertical lines create length and height
making a hairstyle appear longer as lines move up and down. Diagonal lines positioned
between horizontal and vertical lines are used to emphasize or minimize facial features. Curved

lines soften a design they can be placed horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. Curved lines
moving clockwise or counterclockwise create a wave by moving the opposite direction.
When creating a haircut style facial type also needs to be taken into consideration.
There are seven types of facial shapes for example oval, round, square, triangular, oblong,
diamond, and inverted also known as heart shape. Cosmetologist try to illusion of an oval
shaped face when creating a haircut or style. In the case that a client prefers a short haircut and
she wears glasses hair should be longer around the ears since ears will make the hair stick out
around this area. Hair parting can be used as the focal point of a hair style, it must be placed
carefully. It can be
challenging to create a parting against the natural crown parting when creating
bangs also known as fringe.
Men's styles became popular since the early 1960s when the Beatles hit the music and
fashion scene. Now all hair lengths are acceptable for men giving men more chooses than ever
before. Stylist should be able to recommend styles that are flattering and appropriate
for clients lifestyle, career, and hair type. Mustaches, beards, and sideburns can be a great way
for a client to show his individual style, and camouflage facial flaws. A man who is slowly loosing
hair will benefit from a closely trimmed hair. It is important that shapes appear well groomed and
flattering to the client. There is a lot of options for men now days they have the option to choose
if the would like to go to a barbershop who specializes in men's haircuts and beard trimming.
Men's spa have also been on the rise and men can benefit from them for anti-dandruff
treatments and scalp treatments. Now there is no excuses for men since they have more
options and stylists who
specialize in men's haircuts only.
Chemical services give the ability to permanently change the hair's natural wave pattern
and can offer your client a variety of styling options that would not be possible. Texture services
can be used to curl straight hair, straighten overly curly hair, or to soften coarse hair. There are
three types of chemical services permanent waving known as perm. Relaxing meaning it
removes the curl leaving hair smooth. Curl reforming loosening overly curly hair. Permanent
waving is a two step process where the hair goes through a physical change by wrapping the
hair on. Perm rods with end paper to protect the ends. Them the hair goes through a chemical
change cause by the application of permanent waving solution. Hair needs to be checked every
five minutes with a total of twenty minutes, if chemical is left longer in the hair in can be broken
or burn. Third step is hair is rinse for a total of five minutes in order for neutralizer to be applied
and left in the hair for a total of seven minutes. Permanent waving can be very time consuming
specially since you do need to take precautions and perfectly timed.
Chemical hair relaxers should be done carefully but with a steady fast pace. A protective
base cream should be used in the skin surrounding the hair line to avoid burning sensation. This
is used with base relaxers. No base relaxers contain a protective base cream that is designed to
melt at body temperature, as relaxer is applied. The elasticity of the hair must be check
periodically to avoid breakage. Once the relaxer is done it should be rinse with Luke warm water
or cold and shampoo with clarifying shampoo. If gray or white hair has turn green it can be rinse
with vinegar to remove green color.
Hair color is becoming very popular especially with the popularity social media is giving
for hair color. Color specialist tend to focus on the level system, color wheel, and the law of

color. The level system is used to measure and identify the lightness or darkness of a color. Hair
color levels are arranged on a scale of one to ten. One being the darkest black hair and ten
been lightest blond hair. Color theory refers to the visible spectrum of light. The law of color is a
system for understanding color relationships better known for color wheel, for example equal
parts of red and blue mixed together always make a violet. Understanding the color wheel is the
key to successful hair color.
There are many types of hair color that should be taken into consideration for example
temporary color creates fun and bold results. Semipermanent introduces a client to color
services and tones pre-lightened hair. Demi-permanent blends gray hair enhances natural color
and it can also be used as a filler in a color correction. Permanent hair color has the power to
change existing hair color, cover gray, and it can create a bright or natural looking hair color
changes. Lighteners are chemical compounds that lighten hair by dispersing and decolorizing
the natural hair pigment. To achieve a very light blonde it is better to use a double process
application which can prevent hair breakage. Once the tone of blonde has been reach stylist
have the option to choose if they want to use a toner to achieve pale and delicate colors. Being
a color specialist needs to understand science and be open minded to what the client desires.

Makeup
When using makeup there is many steps that need to be followed. Depending on what
kind of makeup look you're doing depends on what part of the face you need to start with. But I
think that it's always best to start with the eyes then face and finally lips. Staring with eyes you
first need to apply primer to your eyelids, then set it with a powder. After doing that you'll start
with the eyeshadows then the eyeliner, finally you'll apply eyelashes. These are the basic steps
because in- between there's blending the eyeshadows, applying mascara and much more.
After the eye you move on to the face. The basic steps will be to add primer then
foundation, if you're going to contour you'll start with concealer that should be one or two
shades lighter than skin color then the contour that is one to two shades darker than your skin
color. After these products are applied it's time to set everything, this is done by using powder
products. Adding translucent powder to the areas you added concealer to while doing this you
should also bake which is to leave the translucent powder for one minute. Bronzer to areas you
contour that should be a shade darker than your foundation. Finally moving on to the lips the
easiest I think, apply lip liner to outline your lips then apply lipstick after the lipstick is applied.
You can either add a lipgloss or leave it as is for a mate look. You're finally done after spraying a
setting spray for a longer wear.
To get the perfect foundation you need to know what kind of skin you have. There's oily
skin, dry skin and combination. Another thing you need to know is if your skin color is a warm
tone or cooltone. By warm tone I mean you have green veins on the inner wrist and you can tan
easily in the sun. If you have a cool tone you have blue veins on the inner wrist and you get a
sunburn more easily. Whether your foundation is fair, dark, medium or in between you can be
cool, warm or combination this is something that is commonly misinterpreted . That fair skin is
cool tone and dark skin is a warm tone.