Design of Retaining Wall

0.20
Details on Retaininig Side
Density of retained material =
16.00
kN/m3
Angle of friction =
30
Deg
Surcharge angle ( i ) =
0
Deg
Angle of friction =
0.52
Rad.
Surcharge angle ( i ) =
0
Rad.
Co-eff. Of friction = tan =
0.577
Safe Bearing Pressure = SBC =
200
kN/m2
Top Width of Stem =
0.20
m
Base width of Stem =
0.45
m
Height of Stem =
5.50
m
Base Slab width =
4.00
m
Projection towards soil
heel projection =
1.50
m
Toe projection =
2.05
m
Tk. Of Base Slab =
0.45
m
ka = Co-efficient of active earth pressure
ka = Cos i - SQRT ( Cos2i - Cos2 ) / Cos i + SQRT ( Cos2i - Cos2 )
=
0.333
Details on other Side
Material Retained = OPEN
Density =
0.0
kN/m3
Retained Height =
0.0
m
Angle of friction =
0.0
Deg
Co-efficient of pressure
ka = ( 1 - Sin0 ) / ( 1 + Sin0 )
ka =
1
Railing weight assumed =
1
kN/m
Uniform surcharge due to traffic =
10
kN/m2

1.50
0.45

4.00

kp = Co-efficient of active
kp =
3.003
Grade of Concrete
Grade of steel
6cbc
6st
m
k
j
Q

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

M20
Fe415
7
230
13.33
0.289
0.904
0.91

N/mm2
N/mm2

N/mm2

2.05
0.45

o-efficient of active earth pressure

Seismic Effects on the Wall as per IS-1893

1. Effects due to Soil retained
Angle of friction ( ) =
Angle of U/S face with vertical ( ) =
Slope of earth fill ( i ) =

30.00
0
0

Angle of friction between wall and soil ( ) =

Horizontal Seismic coefficient ( h ) =

Vertical Seismic coeff = ( v ) = 0.5 x ( h ) =

0.06
0.03

1 = tan-1 [ h / ( 1 + v ) =

3.33

Deg.

0.0581

Rad.

2 = tan-1 [ h / ( 1 - v ) =

3.54

Deg.

0.0618

Rad.

Deg.
Deg.
Deg.

0.5236
0
0

Rad.
Rad.
Rad.

Deg.
0
Rad.
(0 x x I ) Here = 1 , I = 1.5 )

Active Earth Pressure = Pa = (wH2 /2) Ca

Ca1 =
0.3798
Ca2 =
0.36
Ca =
0.3798 ( Max of Ca1 and Ca2 )
Pa = 107.57
Pa ( Dynamic ) = Pa - Pa(static) =
13.26
Act at H/2 from base =
2.975

kN for Stability of wall

Pa =
kN
Pa ( Dynamic ) = Pa - Pa(static) =
m
Act at H/2 from base =

91.91
11.32
2.75

Passive Earth Pressure = Pp = (wH2 /2) Cp

Cp1 =
2.9844
Cp2 =
2.8041
Cp =
2.8041 (Min of Cp1 and Cp2 )
Pp = 794.18
Ppa ( Dynamic ) = Pp - Pp(static) = -56.33
Act at 2H/3 from base =
3.967

kN for Stability of wall

Pp =
kN
Pp ( Dynamic ) = Pp - Pp(static) =
m
Act at 2H/3 from base =

678.59
-48.14
3.667

2. Effects due to Self weight Seismic force = h x W

Seismic force due to triangulat portion of Stem = 1.03125 kN
Seismic force due to Rect. Portion of Stem =
1.65
kN

act at
act at

1.833
2.75

m from base
m from base

Seismic force due to Wt. of Base Slab =

2.7

kN

act at

0.225

m from base

kN for Stem Design

kN
m

kN for Stem Design

kN
m

Zone

I
II

0.01
0.02

III

0.04

IV
V

0.05
0.08

Stability Calculations of Wall - Retaining soil only (Static Case )

Wt of triangular portion of Stem
Wt of Rectangular portion of Stem
Wt of Base Slab
Wt of Soil on heel slab

= 17.1875 kN
=
27.5
kN
=
45
kN
=
132
kN

Soil Pressure on wall P = ( wH2/2 ) ka =

Stabilising Moment ( M@B ) =
Overturning Moment ( M@B ) =

618.23
187.05

94.31

kN

kN-m
kN-m

Sum of Vertical Loads ( W ) = 221.6875 kN

Frictional Resistance ( W ) = 127.91 kN

Moment of all forces @ A =

Location of Resultant force from A = Z = ( M/W ) =
Eccentricity = e = Z - B/2 =
Factor of Safety against Overturning =
Factor of Safety against Slidding =

3.31
1.36

Max. Base stress at B = 6max = ( W/B)(1 + ( 6e/B)) =

Pressure at point D =
Pressure at point C =
Min. Base stress at A = 6min = ( W/B)(1 - ( 6e/B)) =

455.57
2.055
0.055

kN-m
m
m

Safe Against Overturning

Slidding moment to be increased
59.99
55.31
54.28
50.85

kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2

Safe against Max. pressure

Safe against Tension

( Total Max pressure =

10+59.99 = 69.99 kN/m2)

Stability Calculations of Wall - Retaining soil only ( Seismic C

Wt of triangular portion of Stem
Wt of Rectangular portion of Stem
Wt of Base Slab
Wt of Soil on heel slab

= 17.1875 kN
=
27.5
kN
=
45
kN
=
132
kN

Static Soil Pressure on wall P = ( wH2/2 ) ka =

94.31
kN
acting at =
1.983
m from base
Dynamic soil pressure = Pa ( Dynamic ) =
13.26
kN
acting at =
2.975
m from base

Stabilising Moment ( M@B

Overturning Moment ( M@B
Sum of Vertical Loads ( W
Frictional Resistance ( W

)
)
)
)

= 618.23 kN-m
= 233.53 kN-m
= 221.6875 kN
= 127.91 kN

Moment of all forces @ A =

Location of Resultant force from A = Z = ( M/W ) =
Eccentricity = e = Z - B/2 =
Factor of Safety against Overturning =
Factor of Safety against Slidding =

2.65
1.19

Max. Base stress at B = 6max = ( W/B)(1 + ( 6e/B)) =

Pressure at point D =
Pressure at point C =
Min. Base stress at A = 6min = ( W/B)(1 - ( 6e/B)) =

( Including effects of seismic fo

495.01
2.233
0.233
Safe Against Overturning
Safe Against Slidning
74.79
54.94
50.58
36.05

soil only ( Seismic Case )

Including effects of seismic force due to Wt. of wall )

kN-m
m
m

afe Against Overturning

afe Against Slidning
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2

( Shall be greater than 1.5 )

( Shall be greater than 1.0 )

Safe against Max. pressure

Safe against Tension

( Most Critical)

( < 1.25 x SBC )

Design Of Stem of the Retaining Wall ( Critical case - Active Earth Pressure )
Max. Moment due to Retained Soil = Ma1 =(w1h3/6 ) ka=
Dynamic effects due to soil weight Ma2=
Dynamic effects due to wall weight Ma3=
Max. Moment due to material on other side = M2 =(w2h3/6 ) ka=
Case 1 = Empty Condition Design Moment = M1 =
Max of Ma1 or ( Ma1 + Ma2 + Ma3 )/ 1.33 = M1 =

147.74

147.74
39.44
7.04

kN-m
kN-m
kN-m

( h = Stem Height )

kN-m

( h = Stem Height )

kN-m

Thickness required at base = Sqrt( M/Qb) =

Used eff. thickness ( d = D - 50 ) =

403
400

mm
mm

Steel Required on Soil side = Ast1 = ( M/6st j d ) =

Min steel =
Min steel =
Steel to be used =
Dia of Bar to be used =
Spacing required =

1776
0.16
720
1776
16
110

mm2
%
mm2
mm2
mm
mm c/c

( Vertical direction )

Steel Required on other side =

Min steel =
Min steel =
Steel to be used =
Dia of Bar to be used =
Spacing required =

0.16
720
720
10
200

%
mm2
mm2
mm
mm c/c

( Vertical and horizontal Direction )

Distribution steel = Min steel =

Dia of Bar to be used =
Spacing required =

720
10
200

mm2
mm
mm c/c

( Horizontal Direction - on inner face)

Increase the Depth

Min Steel
Tk
100
450

Design Of Heel Slab of the Retaining Wall

Net pressure at A = wh - Pa =
Net pressure at C = wh - Pc =
Max Moment = M =

37.15
33.72
40.51

kN/m2
kN/m2
kN-m

Steel Required on other side = Ast2 = ( M/6st j d ) =

Min steel =

487
0.16

mm2
%

Min steel =

720

mm2

Steel to be used =
Dia of Bar to be used =
Spacing required =

720
12
150

mm2
mm
mm c/c

( Along width on upper face)

Distribution steel = Min steel =

Dia of Bar to be used =
Spacing required =

720
10
200

mm
mm2
mm c/c

( Along length on either face)

Design Of Toe Slab of the Retaining Wall

Net pressure at D =
Net pressure at B =
Max Moment = M =
Steel Required on other side = Ast2 = ( M/6st j d ) =
Min steel =
Steel to be used =
Dia of Bar to be used =
Spacing required =
Distribution steel = Min steel =
Dia of Bar to be used =
Spacing required =

55.31
59.99
122.78

kN/m2
kN/m2
kN-m

1476

mm2

720

mm2

( Max of Static pressure or Dyn Pressure / 1.

( Max of Static pressure or Dyn Pressure / 1.

1476
16
130

mm2
mm
mm c/c

( Along width on lower face)

720
10
200

mm
mm2
mm c/c

( Along length on either face)

% age
0.24
0.16

or Dyn Pressure / 1.33 )

or Dyn Pressure / 1.33 )