Francisco de Goya y Lucientes

1746-1828

Goya created
About 500 oil paintings
280 lithographs and etchings (and he used
the most modern methods)
Nearly a thousand drawings

His life can be divided into four stages:

Until 1793 slow rise to maturity
1793 illness that left him deaf and
released pent up creative forces within him
1808 Napoleonic invasion and Goyas
responses to the war.
1819 a second illness, he retires to the
Quinta del Sordo, the Black Paintings

First Stage: Tapestry Cartoons

Produced for the Royal

Tapestry Factory (Charles III)
Rococo tendencies in nature
and pose of figures
Girl seems to stare at spectator,
giving a sense of realism
Clothing implies social class
Relationship between the two?
Parasol?
General impression?

Blind Mans Bluff --1789

Etchings after Velzquez

Las meninas 1773

Saint Francis of Borgia at the Deathbed of an

Impenitent -- 1788

The most sharply accurate

vision of the collapse of the
great religious and monarchic
traditions of the West
Turning point: first use of the
fantastic
Emphasis on sinners naked
body, expression
Restless agony vs. pious zeal
Rejection of idealized concept
of expression (Neoclassicism)
Emphasis on extremes

Portraits
Rich clothing
All the insignias of
royalty, powdered
wig
Face? Impression?
Critique?
Charles IV -- 1789

Queen Mara Luisa -- 1789

Rich royal clothing

Royal insignias
Hair and hat?
Face?
Personality?
Attitude of Goya
towards her?

The Straw Mannequin -- 1791

Second Stage, after losing his

hearing

Yard of lunatics 1793

Images of madness
Enclosure
Continuation of tendency
begun with Saint Francis
of Borgia
Alienation and despair
Movement
Use of light
Chaotic jumble of bodies

The Caprichos (Caprices) 1799

Series of 82 etchings
Satirizing all aspects of
society:

Aristocracy
Church
Greed
Prostitution
Marriage
Folly
Cruelty
Etc.

Descendant of donkeys

Love and Death

Caprice 43
Marks a change in the
series
The Sleep/Dream of
Reason Produces Monsters
Neoclassical or
Romantic?
The sublime
Nightmare visions

1808 1814 Napoleon and the

War of Independence

The 3rd of May, 1808

The 3rd of May, 1808

Conformity of soldiers,
power conveyed by
abstract shape
Victims cover their eyes,
pray
Center: man with
outstretched arms =
crucifixion
Concentration of light,
color on man

The disasters of the war

Set of 82 etchings
Realities of war:
Violence
Savagery
Rape
murder

The Colossus between

1808-1812
Ambiguity of giant
Ignorant, arrogant prince?
(Ferdinand VII)
Mountains= the powerful
Donkey=nobility

Hercules who rises up

against Napoleon?
Buried to above the knees
Back to spectator
Closed eyes

Ferdinand VII
El deseado (1814)
Period of absolutism
(1814-1820), persecution
of liberals
1820-1823 constitutional
monarchy (Intervention of
100,000 Sons of Saint
Louis)
1823-1833 Ominous
Decade

Disparates or Proverbs
(1816-1823)
Not published until
1864
Last great series of
etchings
Gives himself up to the
irrational, nocturnal,
fantastic, grotesque
and terrifying
Disparate del miedo [fear}

Los ensacados [In sacks]

The Inquisition -- 1816

Black Paintings 1820-1823

The witches Sabbath

Dog on a leash or
Dog fighting against
the current

Fight with Cudgels

Stephen

Mark

The Milkmaid from Bordeaux

Goya in exile in
Bordeaux
Girl has a melancholy,
dreamy, far away gaze
Color: greens and
blues
Influence on
Impressionists