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v1 + v2
,
1 + v1 v2 /c2
(5) (a) Prove that the 3-gradient i = (x , y , z ) is a vector under the spatial rotations,
2
2
2
while the Laplacian i i = x
2 + y 2 + z 2 is scalar under rotation.
b) Prove that the 4-gradient a = (0 , x , y , z ) is a 4-vector under Lorentz transformation, while the DAlembertian operator (four dimensional Laplacian) a a =
1 2
2
2
2
x
2 y 2 z 2 is scalar under Lorentz transformation.
c2 t2