Temperament, Attachment, Harlow, Psychosocial Stages Reading Notes

Mason Warren
(Pages 408-412)
Temperament
1. What is meant by temperament?
Behavioral and emotional characteristics that are well established at birth
2. Who are the researchers that came up with the three temperaments of
children?
Chess & Thomas
3. What are the three temperaments of children?
Easy, Difficult, Slow to Warm Up
4. What are the three factors that determine temperament?
Waking, sleeping, and eating schedules
5. Given that these temperaments last into adulthood, which do you think
you are?
Slow to Warm Up
Attachment
6. What is meant by attachment?
The emotional bond that forms between an infant and its primary caregiver.
7. Who is the researcher the developed the Strange Situation?
Mary Ainsworth.
8. Create a graphic organizer for each of the 4 attachment styles. In it,
describe the reactions of children of that style when out in the Strange
Situation, the actions of mothers of that style of child, and, if available,
the adult relationship tendencies of people with that attachment style.
Attachment Style
Information
Secure
Infants were willing to explore and to
them, the presence of the mother was
important when the stranger entered the
room.
Avoidant
Infants were blas about the presence of
the mother or the stranger in the room
Ambivalent
Clinging and unwilling to explore, upset
by the stranger
Disorganized-disoriented
The babies were unable to decide how to
react to the mothers presence, and
would approach her with their eyes
averted
9. What seem to be the effects of daycare on attachment?
Attachment is positively related to the quality of the daycare, and in addition,
the more quality parenting received at home led to greater amounts of
attachment.
10.
How does attachment vary between cultures?
American mothers tend to respond to needs, whereas Japanese mothers tend
to try to anticipate needs,
Harlow
11.

Describe Harlow's study.

Isolating baby rhesus monkeys, Harlow placed them in cages which had two
surrogates (one a wood block covered in soft fabric, the other a wire form).
The mothers held bottles for the monkeys, and the amount of time that
each monkey spent at the two mothers was recorded.
12.

What were the results of Harlow's study?

All monkeys spent more time with the soft, cloth covered mother
13.
How do you think monkeys raised by a soft, cloth covered "mother"
would react to other monkeys?
They might be more inclined to touch other monkeys
14.
What might be the implications for human mothers who feed their
infants with bottles instead of breastfeeding?
They literally might not eat quite as much, or lack some attachment, due to
the lack of touch between the monkey and the mother
Erikson
15.
According to Erikson, how can a parent help their child to meet their
first, second, and third psychosocial stages?
1st Meet the babys needs. (Feed it, change diapers, etc.)
2nd Let it have some autonomy
3rd Let the child have say over things that will effect it
16.
How would success in school lead to successfully meeting the 4th
psychosocial stage?
If they succeed, they will be more inclined to do well in the future.

Temperament:
Perception of temperament depends a lot on family