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BLOWOUT
INTRODUCTION
In Oilfield Activity, the Blowout is the worst event
that can happen in Drilling Operations. It causes
casualties, environmental damage and economic
losses.
To prevent blowout, the drillers must be able to
detect warning signs of kick in order to take the well
under control.
A kick can occur when :
BHP < PF
Bottom Hole Pressure < Formation Pressure
3
Evolution of Kick
Blowout
No Need
Kick
Equipments
Indicators
Warning Signs
PF > PH
Causes of Kick
PH < PF
Kill Methods
Shut In Well
Control here
Fundamental Aspects
The primary control
CAUSES OF KICKS
23
CAUSES OF KICKS
24
q Swabbing
q Surging
The surgging occurs while running in hole and produces an over
pressure on the bottom.
This over pressure could be greater than the fracture pressure and
accordingly loss circulation occurs. The level of the fluid in the hole
drops and the condition is favorable for kick to invade into the well.
q Loss
Circulation
DP (psi)
0.052 d (ppg)
or
H (ft) =
DP (psi)
0.0069 d (pcf)
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q Insufficient
Mud Density
q Abnormal
Pressured formations
Shale density
Temperature in and temperature out
d- exponent
gas contamination
33
Transition zone
Depth
Depth
Abnormal
pressured zone
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Temperature Logs
SIGNS OF KICKS
41
SIGNS OF KICKS
q Warning signs
Some signs or indications should be taken into account to
prevent kicks. However, detecting only one sign can not be
really a sign of a kick. Thus, it is important and
recommended to observe all significant changes of
parameters :
43
45
Variation
temperature
These logs of
variation
temperature
penetration
abnormal
zone.
of
the
an abrupt
of
the
show the
in
an
pressured
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Diminution of d-exponent
The d-exponent method is introduced to normalize the
rate of penetration in order to eliminate the effect of the
drilling parameters variation. Thus provides the best
informations about the rock characteristics.
ROP
1.26 - Log
RPM
d=
WOB
1.58 - Log
D
d : d-exponent
ROP : (m/h)
RPM
WOB : weight on bit (ton)
D : bit diameter (inch)
47
Making Connection
Positive signs
Positive sign means that an influx is entered in the well;
the shut in well must be proceeded.
While drilling, the positive signs are :
increase flow rate at the return line
increase level pits
flow with pump off
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