1.

Acute phase reactants have been determined to be elevated in a

patient. What does this result on its own indicate about the patient?
A.Inflammation of unknown cause is present.

1.

Which is characteristic of natural immunity?

D.It depends on normally present body functions.

What is the major function of C-reactive protein (CRP)?

A.Acts as an opsonin

Which of the following acute phase reactants is an important clotting

factor?
C.Fibrinogen

In 1796, Edward Jenner's discovery that cowpox generated immunity

against smallpox is based on the princple of?
D.Cross-immunity

All of the following are characteristics of acute phase reactants EXCEPT:

A.Increase rapidly in response to infection
B.Used to diagnose a specific disease
C.Enhanced phagocytosis
D.Promote inflammation

What is the function of the acute phase protein haptoglobin?

A.Acts as an opsonin
B.Forms clots
C.Binds hemoglobin
D.Acts as a chemotaxin

Measurement of CRP levels could be useful for which of the following?

A.To determine risk of a heart attack
B.To determine flare up of rheumatoid arthritis
C.To detect an inflammatory process
D.All of the above

Acquired immunity can be characterized by which of the following?

A.Nonspecific
B.Immediate response
C.Depends on neutrophils and macrophages
D.Involves memory

Which of the following best explains the reaction that takes place in the
latex agglutination slide test for CRP?
A.Latex particles are coated with anti-CRP

The ability to resist infection through normally present body functions

best characterizes:
B.Natural immunity

Antigen-independent differentiation of B cells occurs in the:

A.Bone marrow

When IgM on the surface of an immature B cell binds to a self-antigen,

which of the following processes can occur?
C.Apoptosis

The receptor for antigen on a mature B cell and first immunoglobulin to

appear in immune response is:
C.IgM

T lymphocytes undergo antigen-independent maturation in the:

A.Thymus

An immature T cell differs from a mature T cell because an immature T

cell:
C.Co-expresses CD4 and CD8

n antiboy-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, target cells are

recognized by which of the following?
C.CD16 on the effector cell binding to Fc of IgG to the target cell

Which of the following best descibes HLA class II molecules?

A.They interact with CD8 and T cells
B.They have an alpha chain and beta-2 microglobulin
C.They have alpha and beta chains of equal size
D.They combine with antigen made inside the cell

Which of the following is true of HLA (MHC) class I antigens?

B.They are found on all nucleated cells

Heterophile antigens are characterized as:

A.Found in unrelated plants or animals but cross-react with the same antibody

HLA (MHC) class I protein is found on:

B.All nucleated cells

Which MHC class of antigens is necessary for antigen recognition by CD4positive T-cells?
B.Class II

All of the following are characteristics of both MHC class I and class II
molecules EXCEPT:
A.Expressed codominantly
B.Involved in antigen recognition
C.Members of the immunoglobulin superfamily
D.Expressed constitutively on all nucleated cells

Which complement component is found in both the classic and

alternative pathways?
D.C3

Which of the following can activate the alternative complement

pathways?
C.C3b

Chemotactic and analyphylatic factors are produced by proteolytic

cleavage of:
C.C5, C3

The target recognition molecule of the lectin pathway that initiates

complement activation is:
D.Mannose-Binding Lectin

Which immunolglobulin(s) help(s) initiate the classic complement

pathway?
C.IgG and IgM

Which of the following is able to activate complement?

D.IgM

On a serial dilution with the following tubes set up, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16,
1:32, and 1:64, there is no visible agglutination in the 1:64 tube. What is
the titer of the antibody?

A.32

If you want to make 5 mL of a 1:20 dilution, how much serum would be

needed?
A.0.25 mL

When a staphylococcal infection is passed between patients due to

health-care workers not washing their hands, this represents an example
of:
C.The chain of infection

When 0.5 mL of serum is added to 1.5 mL of diluent, what dilution does

this represent?
A.1:3

An immunlolgic immunoassay situation in which antibody is in excess as

compared to antigen is called:
B.Prozone

A serological reaction is set up in which the antigen and antibody are

both soluble and form an insoluble complex that is detected
macroscopically. What type of assay was described?
A.Precipitation

The zone at which antibody and antigen are at optimal concentration so

that they form a large insoluble lattice together is called the:
A.Equivalence zone

A situation in which antigen is in excess as compared to antibody is

called:
B.Postzone

T cells travel from the bone marrow to the thymus for

maturation. What is the correct order of the maturation
sequence for T cells in the thymus?
A.Bone marrow to the cortex, after thymic education, released back to peripheral
circulation
B.Storage in either the cortex or medulla, release of T cells into the peripheral circulation
C.Maturation and selection occur in the cortex, then the medulla, release of mature T
cells to secondary lymphoid organs
D.Activation and selection occur in the medulla, mature T cells stored in the cortex until
activated by antigen

Which of the following might adversely affect an electrophoresis

reaction?
A.Decreasing the strength of the current
B.Changing the pH of the buffer
C.Increasing the strength of the current
D.All of the above

The Western blot test used to confirm HIV is an example of which of the
following?
A.Immunofixation

Electrophoresis followed by diffusion of antibody from wells cut in the gel

best describes which of the following?
B.Immunoelectrophoresis

Precipitation reactions involve combination of soluble antibody with:

A.Soluble antigen

Coombs' reagent is used for what purpose?

B.To enhance agglutination with IgG coated red blood cells

An immunoassay is performed in the following manner to look for an

antigen in the patient serum: Patient serum + labeled antigen + known
antibody are added together and incubated. Unbound material is washed
off. The amount of labeled antigen is then measured. What assay is
performed?
A.Homeogeneous EIA
B.Competitive EIA
C.Sandwich EIA
D.ELISA

An immunoassay was performed in the following way: Antigen is bound to

a solid support. Patient serum is added and patient antibodies bind to the
antigen. The well is washed and enzyme-labeled anti-immunoglobulin
antibodies are added. The well is washed and enzyme substrate is added
and enzyme activity is determined. Which immnoassay is described?
C.ELISA

ndirect immunofluorescence is similar to which type of enzyme

immunoassay as far as the performance of the assay?
C.ELISA

serological reaction is set up in which the antigen is bound to a larger

carrier, the antibody is soluble, and they bind and form an insoluble
complex that is detected macroscopically. What type of assay is
described?
B.Agglutination

A serological test that uses red blood cells coated with exogenous
antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides as a method to detect patient
antibodies against that exogenous antigen is called:
B.Hemagglutination

Which of the following best describes competitive binding assays?

A.A limited number of binding sites are presen

Which isotype of immunoglobulin is involved in a type I hypersensitivity?

A.IgE

The principle difference between type II and type III hypersensitivity

reactions is the:
C.Whether the antigen is cellular or soluble

The normal activity of a type I hypersensitivity response is protection

primarily against which of the following?
A.Parasites

In the slide agglutination for lupus, which of the following is detected?

A.Anti-DNP

An autoimmune disease characterized by pain and progressive

destruction of the joints, weight loss, morning stiffness, and presence of
an antibody directed against IgG best describes:

A.Rheumatoid arthritis

Reasons for autoimmunity may include all of the following EXCEPT:

A.Inheritance of certain HLA antigens
B.Molecular mimicry
C.Polycolonal B cell activation
D.Normal antibody production
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