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Indian Standard
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
RELATING TO CEMENT CONCRETE
r
PART x
Cement
TESTS mm
and Concrete
TESTING
Sectional
Committee,
Chairman
DR H. C. ~TISVESVARAYA
APPARATUS
Cement Restarzh
BDC
Representtng
Institute of India, New Delhi
M&nbtrs
,
National Test House, Calcutta
DR A. S. BHADUR~
SHR~ E. K. RAMACHA~VDRAN( Alternate )
Centraiorfe$lding
Reseatih
SHRI A. K. CHATTERJI
DR %S. REHSI ( Alternate )
b IRECTOR
Cetit;Jlhpd
Research
Institute
institute
(CSIR
( CSIR ),
),
New
DR R. K. GHOSH ( Alternate )
Gentral Water & Power Commission,
New Delhi
)
DEPUTY_DIRWTOR (GSMRS ) ( Alternate)
Aloltudyog Services Ltd, New Delhi
SWRI K. G. GHOSAL
SHRI A. K. BISWAS ( Alternate)
Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi
DR R. K. GHOSH
Associated Cement Gompanies Ltd, Bombay
by R. R. HATTIANOADI
SHR~ P. J. JAUUS ( Alternate )
Research,
Designs
& Standards
Organization,
JOINT DIRkCToR,
STANDARDS
Lucknow
( D~~T!z ~IREC~R
S~A~VV~ARW
(B&S)
(A&t&e)
S. B,. Joshi & Go Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. B. JOSHI
birectorate
General of Supplies & Disposals
SHRI M. T. KANSE
Roads Wing, Ministry of Transport & Shipping
$HRI S. L. KATHUR~A
ti. N. Dastur b Co ( Private) Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI S. R. KULKARNI
Contzrete Association of India, Bombay
SHRI M. A. MEHTA
Central Public Worlts Department
SHRI 0. MUTHACHEN
SUPERINTENDING EN G I N E E R,
END CIRCLE ( &terfzate f
&&t&on
of kngineers ( tndfa ), Calcutta
$HRI ERACH A. NADIR~HA~
In personal capacity ( Ramanalaya II First Cre@et#
SHRI K. K. NAM~IAR
Park Road, Gaftdhinagar, Bdyar, Madras )
Engineer-in-Ghiefs
Branch, Army Headquarters
BRIG NARESH P+ASAD
Cot J. M. TOLANI ( Akerntie )
DIRBCTOR ( CSMRS
( ~onfinurd on pate 2 )
4
INDIAN
STANDARDS
~NS~IT~TiO~
This publication
is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957) ahd
reproduction
in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement
of copyright under the said Act.
&
page1 )
Members
Rebresenting
Structural Engineering
Roorkee
PROF G. S. RAMA~WAMY
Research
Centrc
(CSIR
),
DR N. S. BITAL ( Al&n& )
National Buildings Organization, New Delhi
DR A. V. R. RAO
SHRI RAVIND~R LAL ( Alternate )
SHRI G. S. M. RAO
Geological Survey of India, Nagpur
Gammon India Ltd, Bombay
SHRI T. N. S. RAO
SHRTS. R. PINHEIRO( Alternate j
Central Board of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi
SECRETARY
Irrigation & Power Research Institute, Amritsar
SHRI R. P. SHARMA
SHRI MOHINDERSINGH ( Alternate )
Hindustan Housing Factory Ltd, New Delhi
SHRI G. B. SING13
SHRI C. L. KASLIWAL f Alternate)
Beas Designs Organization, Nangal Township
SHRI J. S. SINGHOTA
Y. R. TANEJA
Deputy Director
Concrete
Subcommittee,
BDC
2 :2
Convent7
S. B. Joshi & Co Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. B. JOSHI
Members
( M/C ) ( Alternate )
Engineering Research Laboratories, Hydcrabad
DIRECTOR
Central Water & Power Commission, New Delhi
DIRECTOR( C & MDD )
DEPUTY DIRECTOR( C & MDD )
SHRI
, . f!ez~!i&~~~
.
SHRI
A. S. PRASADA
Struc;;tuikF.zgincering
RAO
Research
Centrc
( CSIR ),
Alternate)
( Continued on page 12 )
ISt6461(PartX)-19*13
I
I
Indian Standard
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
RELATING TO CEMENI? CONCRETE
PART X
TESTS AND
0.
TESTING
APPARATUS
FOREWORD
0.1
0.2 Cement concrete is one of the most versatile and extensively used
There are a
building materials in all civil engineering constructions.
number of technical terms connected with the basic materials for concrete
as well as the production and use of concrete which quite often require
clarification to give precise meaning to the stipulations in the standard
It has,
specifications, codes of practices and other technical documents.
therefore, become necessary to standardize the various terms and definitions used in cement and concrete technology and thus avoid ambiguity in
their interpretations.
The Sectional Committee has, therefore, decided to
bring out a series of glossaries of terms relating to concrete and concrete
materials,
0.3 For convenience of: reference, this glossary of terms relating
concrete has been grouped into the following twelve parts:
Part
Part
Part
Part
Part
Part
Part
Part
Part
Part
Part
Part
to cement
I Concrete aggregates
II Materials ( other than cement and aggregate )
III Concrete reinforcemeht
IV Types of concrete
V Formwork for concrete
VI Equipment, tools and plant
VII Mixing, laying compaction, curing and other constructIon
aspects
VIII Properties of concrete
IX Structural aspects
X Tests~and testing apparatus
XI Prestressed concrete
XII Miscellaneous
3
I
4
0.4 *In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to
international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in
different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in
This has been met by deriving assistance from the following
this country.
publications:
BS 2787 : 1956 Glossary of terms for concrete and reinforced
British Standards Institution.
concrete
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard
2. DEFINITIONS
2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply,
2.1 Absorbed Moisture - Moisture that has entered a solid material by
absorption and has physical properties not substantially different from
ordinary water at the same temperature and pressure.
2.2 Accidential
entrained.
Air-Air
voids in concrete
which
cement.
2.4 Adsorption -
of concrete
and
the fineness of
21% Air V&f -pi space in cement paste, mortar, or concrete filled with
sir; an entrapped air void is characteristically
1 mm or more in size and
irregular in shape; an entrained air void is typicaIly between 10 and
1 000 mm microns in diameter and spherical or nearly so.
2.9 Ball Test - A test to determine the consistency of freshly mixed
concrete by measuring the depth of penetration of a cylindrical metal
weight with a hemispherical bottom.
2.10 Beam Test - A method of measuring the flexural strength ( modulus
of rupture ) of concrete by testing a standard unreinforced beam.
2.11 Blaine Apparatus
- Air-permeability apparatus for measuring the
surface area of a finely ground cetient, raw material, or other product.
2.12 Blaine
Fineness -The
fineness of powdered materials, such as
expressed as surface area usually in square
cement and poizolana,
centimeters per gram, determined by the Blaine apparatus,
2.13 Blaine Test - k method for determining the fineness of cement or
other fine material on the basis of the permeability to air of a sample
prepared under specified conditions.
2.14 Briquette
- A moulded specimen of mortarwith enlarged extremities
and reduced centre having a cross section of definite area, used for measure&
ment of tensile strength.
2.15 Calorimeter-An
instrument for measuring heat exchange during
$ chemical reaction, such as the quantities of heat liberated by the
combustion of a fuel or hydration of a cement.
2.16 Cap - A smooth, plane surface of suitable material bonded to the
bearing. sux-faces of test specimens to insure uniform distribution of load
tlurihg strength testing.
t.
of the
amount
of organic
2.18 Compacting
Factor - The ratio obtained by dividing the observed
weight of concrete
which fills a container
of standard
size and shape
when allowed to fall into it under standard
conditions
of test,, by the
weight of fully compacted concrete which fills the same container.
2.19 Compression
Test-Test
made on a test specimen
concrete to determine the compressive strength.
of mortar
or
2.20 Consistency
- The relative
mobility
or ability of freshly mixed
concrete or mortar to flow; the usual measurements
are slump for concrete
and flow for mortar, cement paste, or grout.
2.21 Consistency
Factor
-A
measure of grout fluidity roughly analogous to viscosity, which described
the case with which grout may be
pumped into pores or fissures; usually a laboratory
measurement
in which
consistency is reported in degrees of rotation of a torque viscosimeter
in a
specimen of grout.
2.22 Consistometer
cement paste, mortar,
- An apparatus
grout, or concrete.
for
measuring
the consistency
of
The
act of obtaining
-The
2.25 Cube Strength
fails when tests in a specified
2.26 Decant-To
precipitate.
2.27
Diametral
pour
off a liquid
Compression
structures
Test
without
-
disturbing
or rock
a standard
cube
a sediment
or
See 2.71.
2.28 Differential
Thermal
Analysis
( DTA ) - Indication
of thermal
reaction by differential thermocouple
recording of temperature
changes in
a sample under investigation
compared
with those of a thermally passive
control sample, that is heated uniformly and simultaneously.
2.29 Dry-Volume
Measurement
- Measurement
grout, mortar, or concrete by their bulk-volume.
2.30 Dunagan
freshly mixed
mixture.
Analysis-concrete
or
of the ingredients
A method
of separating
mortar to determine
the
rapid development
2.31 False
Set -The
Portland cement paste, mortar, or concrete
6
of
the ingredients
of
proportions
of the
freshly
mixed
deformation;
and
N,egdle i
hydraulic cement.
time of setting of
IS:6461
(PartX).1973
mixed
2.46 Liquid-Volume
Measurement - Measurement
basis of the total volume of solid and liquid constituents.
of grout
cm the
2.49 _Mould:
a) A device containing a cavity into which neat dement, mortar, or
concrete test specimens are cast; and
b) A form used in the fabrication of precast mortar or concrete
units.
2.56 Neat Cement Paste - A mixture uf hydraulic
both before and after setting and hardening.
Set -
2.55 Permeability
to Water, Co-efficient of - The rate of discharge of
water under laminar flow conditions through a unit cross-sectional area of
a porous medium under a unit hydraulic gradient and standard temperature
conditions usually 27C.
2.56 Photometer
2.57 Polarizing
See 2.35.
- A microscope equipped ~with elements
and determinations to be made using polarized
Microscope
permitting observations
light.
Puddling:
Test-A
2.62 Schmidt Hammer ( Trade Name ) - A device for the non-destructive testing of hardened concrete based on the principle that the rebound of
a steel hammer, after impact against the concrete, is proportional to the
compressive strength of the concrete.
*Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement.
See 2.63.
See 2.66,
Test -
2.70 Spectrophotometer
- Instrument for measuring intensity of radiant
energy of desired frequencies absorbed by atoms of molecules; substances
are analyzed by converting
the absorbed energy to electrical signals,
proportional to the intensity of radiation.
2.71 Splitting
Tensile
Test ( Diametral
Compression
Test ) - A
test for tensile strength in which a cylindrical specimen is laaded to failure
in diametral compression,
2.72 Standard Curing - Exposure of test specimens to specified condid
tions of moisture or humidity and of temperature.
2.73 Test - A decisive trial, such as a controlled loading to failure of a
specimen or a specified number of similar specimens.
2.74 Testing
Machine - A
accurately measuring results.
device
for applying
test conditions
and
Lr
19
IS : 6461(
2.78 Vee-bee Apparatus - A device for the measurement
tency of freshly mixed concrete; the measure of consistency
vibration in seconds; required to transform the concrete
truncated cone ( remaining after removal of the slump
right cylinder; the time is assumed directly proportional
used in compacting the sample.
2.79 Vicat Apparatus - A penetration
hydraulic cements and similar materials.
2.80 Vicat Needle -A
hydraulic cements.
2.81 Viscometer ing fresh concrete.
Part X ) - 197%
of the consisis the time of
sample from a
cone ) into a
to the energy
testing
of
setting time of
Wet Sieving -
See2.83.
El
from
.I
fresh
concrete
all
( Continuedfrom
page 2 )
Members
SHRI K. G. GlrOSAL
SHR~ A. K. BISWAS( Alttinatc )
Sari
V. N. GUNAJI
SHRI P. J. JAWS
SHRI S. R. KULKARNI
&RI B. C. PANEL( Alternate)
National Buildings Oiganization, New Delhi
SHRI G. C. MATHUR
SHRI RAVINDERLAL ( Alternate )
Concfete Association of Indiaj Bombay
SHRXM. A. tiEHlA
SHRI C. L. IT. IYENGAR (item !te )
Tor-Isteg Steel Corporaiion, Calcutta
DR P. K. MOHANTY
DR R. S. PRASAD( Alternate)
fn personal capacity ( &imanalaya 11 First Ciescent
&RI K. K. NAMBIAR
Park Road, Gandhinagar,
SHRI N. S. RAMA8WAMY
SHRI R. P. SIKXA ( Altetnate)
SHRI G. S. M. RAO
SHRI T, N, S, RAO
SHRI S. R. PINHEIBO( Alternate)
SUPERINTENDINGENGINEER, END
( Alternate )
Institute
Cent;ilhiRoad
CIRCLE
SHR~ S. G. IAIDYA
Sk~l k. M. THADANI
Research
Adyar, &adras
DR M. i. PURI
( CSIR ), New