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Peruchi, Rosane Malus Gonalves
O Lxico da Apicultura e da Meliponicultura no Brasil : limites e
flexibilidade para sua fixao em um dicionrio terminolgico /
Rosane Malus Gonalves Peruchi 2014
447 f. ; 30 cm
Tese (Doutorado em Lingstica e Lngua Portuguesa)
8QLYHUVLGDGH(VWDGXDO3DXOLVWD-~OLRGH0HVTXLWD)LOKR)DFXOGDGH
de Cincias e Letras (Campus de Araraquara)
Orientador: Clotilde de Almeida Azevedo Murakawa
l. Lexicografia. 2. Abelha Criao -- Terminologia.
3. Enciclopdias e dicionrios. I. Ttulo.

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B1414*5O*3/0*-+,;J*0+-+*=*5*3/-+,*+.1<.=/.01O-./01+1B*=D1+,-4>3*0-
2;+*120N/;<1,12;<.=/.01I

t%%%u 1 1B*=D1 20*/1 G-; ;3/0-,.H;,1 3*+/* 21:+ 3- 13- ,* fyaxO
1<-5213D13,- 1 <-=-3;H189- 1=*59% + 1B*=D1+ 5*=:G*01+
G-015 =*J1,1+ 1- ;- 013,* ,- .= * 1- 1=/- 0.4.1; 2*=-+
)(
5;++;-3N0;-+,1-5213D;1,**+.+tCCCuCY" Of|y|O

2%QlA40;G-+3-++-+V%

+ <D151,1+ 1B*=D1+720*/1+ -. 1B*=D1+71=*59+ Y2;+ 5*==;G*01
5*==;G*01V * 1+ h1B*=D1+71510*=1+i -. 1B*=D1+7;/1=;131+ U2;+ 5*==;G*01

=;4.+/;<1VA G-015 1+ 20;3<;21;+ +.B*+2E<;*+ ;3/0-,.H;,1+ *5 3-++- 21:+ <-5 -
-BW*/;J-<=10-,*20-,.H;05*=O<*01*,*1.5*3/10120-,.89-,-+2-510*+I

2;+ 5*==;G*01 5*==;G*01 7 J;3,1 ,1 .0-21 E <-3D*<;,1 <-5-
1B*=D1 1=*59C -,-+ -+ <-52>3,;-+ ,* 12;<.=/.01 /01/15 *+/1
1B*=D1 <-5- +*3,- 1 1B*=D1 ,- 0*;3-A @.* ,*J* +*0 .5 *00-A
/1=J*H% 2;+ 5*==;G*01 =;4.+/;<1 7 1B*=D1 ;/1=;131A <-3D*<;,1 3-
-0,*+/* <-5- 1B*=D1 h0-21% -; ;3/0-,.H;,1 3- 01+;= 31
,E<1,1,*fyzbC4013,*;3<*3/;J1,-0,-.+-,*01;3D1+,*+/1
0181OG-;-20-G*++-05:=;- <D*3KCY Of||yO2CmÒ40;G-+
3-++-+V%

*4.3,- -381=J*+ Y`bbb\O *++1 20;5*;01 G1+* ,* ;52=13/189- ,1
12;<.=/.01 <-00*+2-3,* 1 .5 ;3/*0J1=- @.* +* *+/*3,* ,* fym| 1/E f|xQ% +
1B*=D1+ 1@.; <.=/;J1,1+ 3*++* 2*0:-,- *015 20*,-5;313/*5*3/* 1+ 1B*=D1+7
*.0-2*;1+1=*59+Y<D151,1+h 1B*=D1720*/1iOh1B*=D17,-70*;3-iOh1B*=D171=*59i\O
* ;/1=;131+ Yh1B*=D171510*=1iO h1B*=D17*.0-21iO h1B*=D17-0-21i * h1B*=D17
;/1=;131i\O*/15BE51B*=D1+D:B0;,1+O20-J*3;*3/*+,*+*.+<0.H15*3/-+C
*++1 G1+*O 1 20-,.89- ,* 5*= 3- 21:+ *01 1;3,1 5.;/- ;3<;2;*3/*C
12;<.=/.01 ,*+*3J-=J;17+* 20;3<;21=5*3/* 31 0*4;9- .=C 01/1J17+* ,* 20N/;<1
G15;=;10O ,* +.B+;+/>3<;1O .51 1/;J;,1,* +*<.3,N0;1 -. +;52=*+ D-BBZA <.W1
)&
20-,.89- 1/*3,;1 12*31+ 1 2*@.*3-+ 40.2-+ -. <-5.3;,1,*+ =-<1;+C B1;F1

20-,.89- ,* 5*=3- 01+;= 39- <-3,;H;1O *3/0*/13/-O <-5 1 3-++1 G=-01 * <=;51
/0-2;<1;+%
-;3:<;-,1,E<1,1,*(gc'A-0*3-51,-4*3*/;<;+/1B01+;=*;0-0-G%
0%
10L;<K +/*J15 [*00 G-;,*+1G;1,- 1 131=;+10 1 @.*+/9- * 1 20-2-0 +-=.8X*+
@.* 1=1J13<1++*5 1 12;<.=/.01 3- 21:+ * 1 20-,.89- ,* 5*= *5 *+<1=1
<-5*0<;1=Q%
[*00 U(gQqV ,*210-.7+* <-5 1 1.+>3<;1 ,* =;/*01/.01 31<;-31= +-B0* -
1++.3/-% -<-00*.7+*O *3/9-O ,* B;B=;-401G;1*+/0134*;01 * +*.+ *+/.,-+ 1<*0<1
,1 20-,./;J;,1,*,1+ 1B*=D1+ - =*J1015 1 /01H*0 ,1 G0;<1 *F*52=10*+ ,* .51
3-J1 0181 ,- 4>3*0- 2;+A 1 2;+ 5*==;G*01 +<./*==1/1O <.W-+ /018-+ ,*G;3;,-0*+
*015! UV 1=/1 20-,./;J;,1,*A UV 1=/1 <121<;,1,* ,* 1,12/189-O Y\ 1=/1
/*3,>3<;1*3F15*1/60;1*Y\1=/1140*++;J;,1,*C *.-BW*/;J-*01<-3+*4.;0O*5
=1B-01/60;-O 1/01JE+ ,1 +*=*89- * 5*=D-015*3/- 4*3E/;<-O .51 1B*=D1 51;+
513+1 U<-5- 1+ 2;+ *.0-2*;1+V *51;+20-,./;J1 U<-5- 1+ 2;+ 1G0;<131+V *A
2-+/*0;-05*3/*A G-03*<*0 1B*=D1+701;3D1+ 51/0;H*+ <-5 *++*+ /018-+ 2101
12;<.=/-0*+*5/-,--21:+C
;3/0-,.89- ,* 1B*=D1+ 1G0;<131+ 3-
01+;= B.+<-. ;3<0*5*3/10 1
20-,.89- ,* 5*=O 31@.*=1 E2-<1 <-3+;,*01,- - 20-,./- 51;+ ;52-0/13/* ,1+

Q
*4.3,- /-0/ * -381=J*+ Yf|zy\O 1 20-,.89- ,* 5*= 3-
01+;= 39- +.2*01J1 y 5;=
/-3*=1,1+?13-% 01+;= -<.21J1 - `z =.410 *3/0*+ -+ 20-,./-0*+O <-5 5*3-+ ,*f ,1
20-,.89-5.3,;1=31E2-<1C
)r
1B*=D1+A51+31D;+/60;1,112;<.=/.01O31<;-31=*;3/*031<;-31=O3*3D.51-./01
1B*=D1<1.+-./13/12-=>5;<1C
,;+2*0+9- ,1+ 1B*=D1+ 5*=:G*01+ 1G0;<131+ 2*=1+ 5E0;<1+ G-;
;3*+2*01,1% 5 f|xzO .5 1<;,*3/* 3- 12;N0;-7*F2*0;5*3/1=A 3- -0/- ,*
151@.9 *5 ;- =10-7 A <1.+-. ;3J-=.3/10;15*3/* 1 =;B*0189- ,-+
*+2E<;5*+/01H;,-+,1G0;<1C*W15-+-<-5*3/N0;-,* ;=J*;01Y`bb`\I

20-<*++- ,* 1G0;<13;H189- ,1+ 1B*=D1+ 5*=:G*01+ 31+
5E0;<1+ G-; .5 ,-+ G*3]5*3-+ B;-4*-40NG;<-+ 51;+
*+2*/1<.=10*+ /*+/*5.3D1,-+2*=- D-5*5 * 3-+ ,N .51 ;,E;1
,*@.9-0N2;,12-,*+*01<-=-3;H189-,*.510*4;9-2-0.51
*+2E<;* ,* 1B*=D1 0*<E57<D*41,1% t%%%u 5*0-+ &Q *3F15*+A
=;B*01,-+ 1<;,*3/1=5*3/* *5 (gcqA G-015 0*+2-3+NJ*;+O 2*=1
,;++*5;3189-O <-5- .51 -3,1 +:+5;<1 ,-+ 4*3*+ 1G0;<13-+
2*=- /*00;/60;- 15*0;<13- t%%%u ,*5-0-. 12*31+ (r 13-+ 2101
1/;34;0 +*. 2-3/- 5*0;,;-31= *F/0*5- 31 04*3/;31A * rr 13-+
2101 1/;34;0 - .= ,-+ +/1,-+ 3;,-+ ,1 5E0;<1 tCCCui
U A&''&A2%)'A40;G-+3-++-+V%

1<;,*3/* @.* =;B*0-. 01;3D1+ * H134X*+O 20-J-<-. *3F15*18X*+ *O
<-3+*@.*3/*5*3/*O11G0;<13;H189-,-+12;N0;-+2-0/-,-- 01+;=OB*5<-5-1
5-0/* ,* 1=4.3+ 13;51;+ *O =15*3/1J*=5*3/*O /15BE5 ,* 2*++-1+O 13/*+ ,-
20-40151,*5*=D-015*3/-4*3E/;<-20*/*3,;,-2*=-0-G*++-0[*00C *4.3,-1
<0-3-=-4;1 20-2-+/1 2-0 -381=J*+ Y`bbb\O 1 ;3/0-,.89- ,1+ 1B*=D1+71G0;<131+
510<1-;3:<;-,1+*4.3,1G1+*,112;<.=/.013- 01+;=C
))
1B*=D171G0;<131 U2;+ 5*==;G*01 +<./*==1/1V 1<1+1=-.7+* @.1+* @.*

=;J0*5*3/* 31 31/.0*H1 <-5 1+ 1B*=D1+7*.0-2*;1+ /01H;,1+ 13/*0;-05*3/* U2;+
5*==;G*01 5*==;G*01 * 2;+ 5*==;G*01 =;4.+/;<1V * ,*++* <0.H15*3/- +.04;. .51

3-J1 1B*=D1 D:B0;,1O 0*+.=/13/* ,1 5;+/.01 ,*++1+ /0>+ +.B*+2E<;*+ Y O
(gqgV%
-5- J;5-+A -+ 2-=;7D:B0;,-+ 1G0;<13;H1,-+ ,;++*5;310157+* 2-0 /-,- -
/*00;/60;- 31<;-31= * 2*=1 5E0;<1 1/;31O 5;4013,- *5 ,;0*89- 1-+ +/1,-+
3;,-+C ,*+<-3D*<;5*3/- ,*++1 3-J1 1B*=D1 +.+<;/-. 1=E5 ,- 5*,- .5
20-B=*51,*-0,*5/*05;3-=64;<1C- 01+;=O1+1B*=D1+1/E*3/9-,*3-5;31,1+
h1B*=D1+7*.0-2*;1+i 21++1015 1 +*0 <D151,1+ 1B*=D1+ 1G0;<13;H1,1+A +1=J-
@.13,-*+2*<;G;<1,-31=;/*01/.01UA%Â %A(ggQV%
/*05- h1B*=D171G0;<13;H1,1iO <.3D1,- 31 =;/*01/.01 *+2*<;1=;H1,1 2*=-
0-GC
0C ;-3*= C -381=J*+ *5 f|zaO G-;*+2*<;1=5*3/* <0;1,- 2101 ,*+;4310
*++1+1B*=D1+D:B0;,1+70*+.=/13/*+,-<0.H15*3/-*3/0*1+ 2;+*.0-2*;1+*1
2;+ 1G0;<131+ 7 G1<* S@.*=*+ 20-2141,-+ 31 5:,;1 3-0/*15*0;<131

Y Of|za\O1+1B*0IhK;==*0B**U;34=%V?h1B*=D11++1++;31iO,*+;43189-
3-/1,15*3/*2*W-01/;J1_*hB01+;=;13B**iY;34=C\h1B*=D1B01+;=*;01iO,*+;43189-
<-3+;,*01,1 ;31,*@.1,1A 2-0@.13/- +*. .+- ,*J* 0*G*0;0 ,* 513*;01 *+/0;/1 1+
1B*=D1+ ;3,:4*31+O -. +*W1O 1+ 1B*=D1+ +*5 G*009- 31/;J1+ ,- 01+;=O <.W-+
20;5*;0-+0*4;+/0-+,1/15,- 01+;=-=]3;1YJC POfxyz^ A(q)g^
Ofzxz* Ofzzb\C
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12;<.=/.01 31<;-31= ,*+-0413;H-.7+*% *++1 +*4.3,1 G1+*A

D;+/-0;<15*3/* 510<1,1 2-0 1<;,*3/*+O 2*=- /*00-0 31 5:,;1 *O +-B0*/.,-O 2*=-
1B13,-3- ,1 20N/;<1 12:<-=1 2-0 G1=/1 ,* <-3D*<;5*3/- <;*3/:G;<- +-B0* *++1
3-J1 1B*=D1 D:B0;,1O 1=<.3D1,1 hB01+;=*;01i * h1++1++;31iO *3<*0017+*
+;5B-=;<15*3/**5(gq'A<-5--340*++-1<;-31=,*2;<.=/.01%
-5.3;,1,* <;*3/:G;<1O /E<3;<-+ * 12;<.=/-0*+ .3*57+* 2101 *+/.,10 1
B;-=-4;1O 1 4*3E/;<1O - <-52-0/15*3/-_ *01 20*<;+- ,-5;310 - 513*W- ,- 2-=;7
D:B0;,-1G0;<13;H1,-,1 2;+5*==;G*01@.*WN+*G1H;120*+*3/*3131/.0*H1**5
5.;/-+ 12;N0;-+ ,- 21:+C +/1J1 ;31.4.01,1 1 /*0<*;01 G1+*O 1 G1+* ,-
<-3D*<;5*3/-O0*<.2*0189-**F213+9-,12;<.=/.01 01+;=*;01C

fCm -/:<;1+ 1/.1;+ * 2*0+2*</;J1+ G./.01+I h12;<.=/.01i jj<0;189- ,* 1B*=D1+
210112-=;3;H189-kk

5.513.1=,*2;<.=/.012.B=;<1,-*5(gq&A-0-G*++-0[*001++;5
0*+.5;.-+;,*1;+,*.5112;<.=/.0101<;-31=!

tCCCu ,*3/0- ,1 5*+51 G;=-+-G;1 1J1381,1 Y,1 140;<.=/.01VA .51
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1B*=D1+ABV5*=D-010-5*;-15B;*3/*A<V5*=D-0101/*<3-=-4;1A
,V20-5-J*0-B*57*+/10,-12;<.=/-0%U[A(gq&A2%ggV%
*<-00;,-+ @.1+* +*++*3/1 13-+ ,*+,* 1 ;3/0-,.89- ,1+ 1B*=D1+

1G0;<131+ * @.10*3/1 * @.1/0-+ 13-+ ,*+,* - 20;5*;0- <-340*++- 31<;-31=A -
)Q
;521</- ,1 12;<.=/.01 3- 21:+ 0*J*=-.7+* 5R=/;2=-C + *+/.,-+ <;*3/:G;<-+ ,1+
h1B*=D1+ 1G0;<13;H1,1+i jj2-=;7D:B0;,-+ ,* 2;+ 5*==;G*01kkA G;H*015 ,1
12;<.=/.01 01<;-31=O .5 3*46<;- +.+/*3/NJ*= 3- 01+;=O *F1/15*3/* <-5- [*00
<-3<*B*01*5(gcQ*(gq&%-3+;,*0*57+*-+104.5*3/-+,* 0141U(gglV!

2;<.=/.0101<;-31=E112;<.=/.01/E<3;<1-.<;*3/:G;<1O31@.1=+*
./;=;H15 5E/-,-+ <-3+1401,-+ 2*=1+ *F2*0;>3<;1+% 12;<.=/.01
01<;-31= 120*+*3/1 5.;/1+ J13/14*3+O 1/E 5*+5- +-B0* -./0-+
/;2-+,*<0;18X*+_39-3*<*++;/1,*4013,*+N0*1+O39-*F;4*,-
12;<.=/-04013,*+;3J*+/;5*3/-+%+1B*=D1+20-5-J*5-20620;-
+.+/*3/-A <.;,15 ,1 <0;1A 1=;5*3/13,-71 * 20-/*4*3,-71%
U A(gglA2%(QA40;G-+3-++-+V%

1;3,110*<*3/*1J1=;189-,*-01;+Y`bf`\!

12;<.=/.01B01+;=*;01D-W*E<-3+;,*01,11./-++.G;<;*3/*O/13/-
3- <-3/0-=* * 513*W- ,1+ 1B*=D1+ 1G0;<13;H1,1+A <-5- 31
20-,.89- ,* ;52=*5*3/-+ 12:<-=1+ tCCCu ,;+2-5-+ ,* 152=1
,;J*0+;G;<189- ,* 20-,./-+ ,1+ 1B*=D1+ 2101 <-=-<189- 3-
5*0<1,- 31<;-31= * ;3/*031<;-31=% 1=/1 140*++;J;,1,* ,*;F-.
,*+*0.5/*5120;3<;21=3-+R=/;5-+<-340*++-+B01+;=*;0-+,*
12;<.=/.01A +*3,- 1+ 1B*=D1+ 1G0;<13;H1,1+ <-3+;,*01,1+ B-1+
20-,./-01+ ,* 5*=A B-1+ 2-=;3;H1,-01+A 51;+ 0*+;+/*3/*+ S+
,-*381+,-@.*1+1B*=D1+*.0-2*;1+tCCCuY */1=%A&'(&A
2%&'rA40;G-+3-++-+V%

01+;=,*+/1<17+*3-<*3N0;-;3/*031<;-31=2*=1*F20*++;J120-,.89-,*
5*=O /*3,- 1=<1381,- 1 20-,.89- 13.1= ,* xb 5;= /-3*=1,1+ Y */ 1=%A
)q
&'(&VCJ-=.5*20-,.H;,-,*-0/*1 .=,-21:+O<-=-<-.7-*5ff=.410*3/0*
-+ 20-,./-0*+ 5.3,;1;+ ,* 5*=O * *5 x =.410O *3/0* -+ 21:+*+ *F2-0/1,-0*+q%
1=**F2=;<;/10@.*1*F2-0/189-B01+;=*;01,*5*=G-;B1+/13/*;52.=+;-31,12*=1
12;<.=/.01 201/;<1,1 3-+ *+/1,-+ ,- -0,*+/*A +-B0*/.,- 3- ;1.:O *10NO ;-
013,* ,- -0/* * 1D;1A <.W1 @.1=;,1,* <-3@.;+/-. - 5*0<1,- ;3/*031<;-31=A
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J1=-0;H1,-%
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12;/-F;31A +.B20-,./-+ @.* 5-J;5*3/15 * ;3<0*5*3/15 ,;G*0*3/*+ +*/-0*+ ,1
;3,R+/0;11=;5*3/:<;1OG1051<>./;<1*,*<-+5E/;<-+C
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2;<.=/.01UV2-0-.1;++U&'')V!

12;<.=/.01% U(lq(V % (% <0;189- ,* 1B*=D1+O *+2C <-5 G;3+
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2*0/;3*3/* 2101 1 ,*G;3;89- ,* h12;<.=/.01i Y=.+/0189- &\_ * @.* 1 0*,189- ,-
J*0B*/**5B-01/0141-0*4;+/0-,120;5*;01,1/189-Yfyzf\O1G1+/17+*,-<0;/E0;-
<0-3-=64;<-1-120*+*3/10-+*3/;,-51;+0*<*3/*1++.5;,-2*=1.3;,1,*=*F;<1=
=-4-3120;5*;01,*G;3;89-,-J*0B*/*C

=.+/0189-&$h2;<.=/.01ijj<0;189-,*1B*=D1+kk

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3/0*/13/-A 2*0<*B*7+* 31 =;/*01/.01 /E<3;<-7<;*3/:G;<1A *3/0* J-H*+

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h5*=;2-3;<.=/.01iY=.+/0189- r\C20620;-<-3/*F/-,*.+--0;*3/1-+*3/;,-*5
@.*+*/-515*++1+,.1+.3;,1,*+=*F;<1;+% *A3-+*3+-<-5.5A*3/*3,*7+*
h12;<.=/.01i<-5-jj<0;189-,*1B*=D1+*54*01=kkO120*+*381,*++1.3;,1,*
*5 T5B;/-+ *+2*<;1=;H1,-+ *F;4* +.1 <-520**3+9- *+/0;/1 <-5- .51 .3;,1,*
=*F;<1= *+2*<;1=;H1,1O ,*+;4313,-O <-5- WN J;5-+O 1 jj<0;189- ,* 1B*=D1+ ,-
4>3*0-2;+kk%

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1<*0J-40151/;<1=A120*+*3/17+*A+*5,RJ;,1O<-5-1G1<*51;+*+/NJ*=,*.51
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1 /:/.=- ,* ;=.+/0189-A 1+ /0;3/1 21=1J01+ 51;+ G0*@.*3/*+ 3- <-02.+ @.*
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Ug%'(gVAh2101iUq%Q)&VAh<-5iUq%&r'VAh+*iUQ%qQcVAh1B*=D1+iUQ%&qrVAh-+iUQ%'lqVAh.51iUc%qg&VA
hEi Uc%QllVA h3-i Uc%(Q)VA h,1+i Uc%(cgVA h.5i Uc%'Q)VA h31i Uc%'((VA h-.i U)%qg'VA h2-0i U)%c))VA
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=EF;<- <-5.5 ,*++1 =:34.1C 1B-0,14*5 ,- <-3W.3/- G*<D1,- ,1+ 21=1J01+ 40151/;<1;+
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qQ
+/.,-+ 0*1=;H1,-+ <-5 - -BW*/;J- ,* *=1B-010 .5 ,;<;-3N0;- ,*

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3-/1,15*3/*3*++*+.B<-3W.3/-=*F;<1=120*+*381,*21=1J01+;3+/0.5*3/1;+*
/15BE5 ,* 1=4.51+ 21=1J01+ 2=*31+A ,1+ <=1++*+ 1B*0/1+A <-5- +.B+/13/;J-+
U13-A <1+1A <-;+1A ,;1A *+/.,-A %%%VA 1,W*/;J-+ U4013,*A 3-J-A B-5A B-3;/-A %%%V *
J*0B-+ U+*0A /*0A ;0A *+/10A %%%V% 1 210/;0 ,1 <-5210189- <-5 -./01+ 2*+@.;+1+
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qq
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3-89- ,* h21=1J01iC O 2-0 <-3+*4.;3/*O 39- DN <-3G-05;,1,* <-3<*03*3/* S
.3;,1,* 1 +*0 0*4;+/01,1 2*=-+ ,;<;-3N0;-+ &g C +*3+- <-5.5 1B0181 .51
,*G;3;89- 40NG;<1 ,* h21=1J01i *O 2-0 5.;/- /*52-O 1 /01,;89- =*F;<-40NG;<1
+1<015*3/-. 31 3-5*3<=1/.01 ,-+ ,;<;-3N0;-+ G-051+ +;52=*+ U5-3-=*F;<1;+VA
;+-=1,1+A=;J0*+,*<-3/*F/-%
=EF;<-O 2-0E5O 39- E .51 +;52=*+ =;+/1 ,* 21=1J01+A .5 <-3W.3/-
<-52-+/- 2-0 .3;,1,*+ =*F;<1;+ ;+-=1,1+% - <-3/0N0;-O /01/17+* ,* <-3W.3/-
*+/0./.01,- * *+/0./.01,-0O <-5 1 G.389- ,* 5-,*=10 1 5*3/* ,- G1=13/* * ,*
J*;<.=10 +;43;G;<1,-+ <-5210/;=D1,-+ +-<;1=5*3/*% ,*+1G;- ,- =*F;<6401G-
<-3+;+/*A2-0/13/-A*539-;+-=10*5.51+;52=*+=;+/11@.;=-@.*+1B*5-++*0
*=*5*3/-*+/0./.013/**10/;<.=1,-0,-,;+<.0+-D.513-%
+ .3;,1,*+ =*F;<1;+ ,1 =:34.1 1++-<;157+* /13/- 31 5*3/* ,- G1=13/*
Y1++-<;18X*+ 2101,;45N/;<1+\A <-5- 31 =;3*10;,1,* ,;+<.0+;J1 Y1++-<;18X*+
+;3/145N/;<1+\ ,* ,;J*0+1+ 513*;01+C *<.0+-+ 53*5]3;<-+ 2-,*5 *J-<10
21=1J01+,*5*+51+-3-0;,1,*U0;51+VA21=1J01+,*5*+51-0;4*5U<-431/-+VA
21=1J01+ ,* +*3/;,- <-3/0N0;- Y13/]3;5-+\O 21=1J01+ ,* +*3/;,- 120-F;51,-
Y+;3]3;5-+ * @.1+*7+;3]3;5-+VA 21=1J01+ ,* 5*+51 <=1++* 40151/;<1=A *3/0*
-./01+ 5.;/1+ 1++-<;18X*+ 2-++:J*;+A *+/0./.01,-01+ ,- ;3/*=*</-% A .51 J*H

&g,;+<.++9-1<*0<1,-<-3<*;/-,*21=1J01E=-341*J1=*1=*;/.01,-10/;4-
;,*0513OCC
C Yf|||\C -3<*;/- =;34.:+/;<- ,* 21=1J01C 3I *J;+/1 1=1J01 Yx\ Cf 7 ,*=;5;/189- ,1+
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- =-34- ,- /*52-O ,;G*0*3/*+ 13N=;+*+ ,- =EF;<- <-3,.H;015 /15BE5 1
3-8X*+ ,* h<152-+ =*F;<1;+iO h<152-+ 3-<;-31;+iO h0*,*+ +*5T3/;<1+i *3/0*
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.3;,1,*+% =E5 ,;++-A 120*3,*5-+ <-5 1/-0E Yf|xm\ @.* 1+ .3;,1,*+ ,-
=EF;<- 2-,*5 +*0 21=1J01+7/*+/*5.3D1 ,* .5 /*52-O ,* .5 *+218-O ,* .5
=.410 +-<;1= * 1/E ,- 20620;- +;+/*51 =;34.:+/;<-% 13N=;+* ,- =EF;<- 2-,* +*0
0*J*=1,-01 /13/- ,* .5*+/N4;- ,- G.3<;-315*3/- ,1 =:34.1 <-5- ,-5-,-,*
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51;+ 0*<*3/* * -G*0*<* 1- =*F;<6401G- 1 2-++;B;=;,1,* ,* /01B1=D10 <-5 3-J-+
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.3;,1,*+ +*5T3/;<1+A 39- -B+/13/* 120*+*3/10*5 *+/0./.01+ 560G;<1+ 51;+
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,*1B*=D1+;331/.01h%
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h21=1J01i /-0317+* 0*=1/;J-A 2-,*3,- J10;10 ,* =:34.1 2101 =:34.1 * 1;3,1
<-3G-05*-3:J*=,*<-3+<;>3<;1,-G1=13/*%*W15-+!
lc
.13/1+ 21=1J01+A 2-0 *F*52=-A <-3+/15 ,- +*4.;3/* *3.3<;1,- *5

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+v1B*=D1+5*=:G*01+v,*2-+;/15v5*=v3?-vG1J-vA
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('} (&} (Q} 3,;<15-+ <-5 B1001+ J*0/;<1;+ * -B=:@.1+ 1=4.51+
+*45*3/18X*+ 2-++:J*;+% .1;+ *+/10;15 <-00*/1+} 101 0*+2-3,*0 S 2*04.3/1
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5*+5-/;2-r'}
h,*2-+;/1573-i<-3/1<-5-.51-.<-5-,.1+21=1J01+}
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2*++-1=-B=:@.-J10;13/*,*m2*++-1,-+;34.=10kk-<-00*5.51
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2=.0;=*F;<1=}

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N 1./-0*+ @.* <-3+;,*015 -+ *+218-+ *5 B013<- * -+ +;31;+ ,*
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* 5-0G-++;3/N/;<-+ B*5 51;+ <-52=*F-+ /15BE5 <-3<-00*5 2101 -
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Q7h3-iOz7hG1J-iOy7h1+iO|7h1B*=D1+7+*57G*009-iOfb7h,*2-+;/1573-iOff7h*5iOf`7h2-/*+iC
r&+=:34.1+0-5T3;<1+<-5--2-0/.4.>+*-G013<>+120*+*3/15+*45*3/-+<-52=*F-+<-5-I
i3-i Y*5-\O h,-i Y,*-\O h3*++*i Y*5*++*\O h,1@.*=*i Y,*1@.*=*\O 3- 2-0/.4.>+_ * h,.i
Y,*=*\*h,*+iY,*=*+\O3-G013<>+%
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21=1J01+!h,*2-+;/15i*h3-irr%
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*F*52=-+39-G1=/1521010*G./10-D:G*3<-5-;,*3/;G;<1,-0,-+=;5;/*+,*.51
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3,0E 10/;3*/A 31 ,E<1,1 ,* <;3@.*3/1A 39- 12*31+ <-3+;,*01J1 1
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1+2*</-++*5T3/;<-+A+.4*0;3,-@.*-+;3/14511./]3-5-A.3;,-2*=-+*3/;,-A

rr52-0/.4.>+O1401G;1<-5D:G*30*G=*/*31*+<0;/110*1=;H189--01=,1.3;,1,*G-3-=64;<1C+
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5 4*01=O E /9- 31/.01= 1 /*3,>3<;1 2101 39- +*21010 3-
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/15BE5 - E^ * +* - ,;+<.0+- E .51 0*1=;H189- <-3<0*/1 ,1 =;34.14*5A +.1
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rc101 G1<;=;/10O .+15-+ <-5- 3-/189- *+<0*J*0 -+ =*F*51+O @.* +9- *3/;,1,*+ 1B+/01/1+O *5
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de mel fechado? / Em que janela fiquei olhando o tempo
sepultado? / Ou o que vejo de longe o que ainda no
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/*0+;,-2.B=;<1,1*5=:34.12-0/.4.*+1_
;J
/*0+;,-2.B=;<1,11210/;0,*(gq'!r1G1+*,12;<.=/.013- 01+;=%

+ /:/.=-+ 1 +*4.;0 <-00*+2-3,*5 S+ G-3/*+ 20;5N0;1+O -B01+ ,1+ @.1;+
G-015 0*/;01,-+ -+ /*F/-+ @.* *G*/;J15*3/* ;3/*4015 - <-02.+ %
;,*3/;G;<189- S *+@.*0,1 <-00*+2-3,* 1- 3R5*0- ,1 21+/1 ,;4;/1= -3,* -+
,-<.5*3/-++**3<-3/015%<6,;4-E.51<-52-+;89-,*=*/01+*.53R5*0-
,* +*@.>3<;1C 2/15-+ 2-0 .+10 1+ ;3;<;1;+ 2101 1+ -B01+ ,- ,-5:3;- ,1
2;<.=/.01 *5 4*01= * 1+ ;3;<;1;+ 2101 1+ -B01+ ,- +.B,-5:3;- ,1
*=;2-3;<.=/.01%
*4.*1B1;F-+.<;3/1120*+*3/189-,*<1,1-B01Q&!

[API_001]
SOARES, Ademilson Espencer Egea e DE JONG, David (Org.).

Pesquisa com abelhas no Brasil = Brazilien bee research.
Ribeiro Preto: Revista Brasileira de Gentica, 1992. 688 p.
-B01 20**3<D* .51 =1<.31 *F;+/*3/* 31+ ;3G-0518X*+ B;B=;-40NG;<1+

+-B0* -+ 2-;,*1A 0*J*=13,- -+ /01B1=D-+ 0*1=;H1,-+ *F<=.+;J15*3/* <-5
1B*=D1+ 31+ .3;J*0+;,1,*+ B01+;=*;01+A 2.B=;<1,-+ ,* (gq' 1 W.3D- ,* (gg&%

Q&
120*+*3/189- @.* +* +*4.* G-; ;3;<;1=5*3/* G*;/1 *5 3-++1

;++*0/189- ,* *+/01,-C
-3+;,*013,-7+*O 2-0E5O 1 0*=*JT3<;1 ,1 +*=*89- ,1+ G-3/*+ 2101 1 =*4;/;5189- ,* /-,- -
/01B1=D- *520**3,;,- 1 2-+/*0;-0; 3- 2*0<.0+- ,* 3-++1 2*+@.;+1A 1<D15-+ 2-0 B*5 0*2*/;7=1
3*++**+218-C
(r(
3<=.; 0*+.5-+ ,* ,;++*0/18X*+ * /*+*+ ,* 51;+ ,* fxb 2*+@.;+1,-0*+
B01+;=*;0-+C+/*F/-+<-3/;,-++9--+-0;4;31;+,*<1,11./-0C
2.B=;<189- E B;=:34.*O 51+ 12*31+ -+ /*F/-+ *5 2-0/.4.>+ G-015
+*=*<;-31,-+ 2101 ;3/*4010 - <-02.+ ,* -3,* +* *F/01;. 1 =;+/1 ,1+ .3;,1,*+
<13,;,1/1+ 1 /*05-% - *3/13/-A *5 .51 */121 2-+/*0;-0A @.13,- ,1 2*+@.;+1
,1+.3;,1,*+/*05;3-=64;<1+*@.;J1=*3/*+*5;34=>+O*+/1-B012-,*0N3-G./.0-
J;01+*0<-3+;,*01,1;3/*401=5*3/*%
5+*4.3,-J-=.5*O1;3,151;-0O*+/N+*3,-20*2101,-<-5-+0*+.5-+
,1+2*+@.;+1+1<1,>5;<1+51;+0*<*3/*+**+2*015-+2-,*0;3<=.:7=-3-<-02.+
@.13,-,10*,189-,-+J*0B*/*+C

[API_002]
BRAGA, Augusto de Sousa. Apicultura: o caminho para a

Cidadania. Salvador: Grfica Trio, 1998. 270p.
-B01 /01H `x <12:/.=-+ +-B0* -+ 51;+ J10;1,-+ /*51+ 12:<-=1+C
20;5*;01210/*Y<12:/.=-+1\O;3/*;015*3/*/E<3;<1O,*+<0*J*1*F2=-0189-
,1 12;<.=/.01 31 1D;1% 5 *+2*<;1=A ,*+/1<17+* - <12:/.=- Y\O ,* 4013,*
;52-0/T3<;1 20N/;<1 1-+ 12;<.=/-0*+ B1;13-+ * ,1 0*4;9-O 2-;+ 1=; *+/9-
0*=1<;-31,1+1+20;3<;21;+2=13/1+12:<-=1+*3<-3/01,1+3-3-0,*+/*O<-53-5*
J.=410O <=1++;G;<189- B-/T3;<1O 3-5* <;*3/:G;<-O 2*0:-,- ,* G=-0189-O B*5 <-5-
<-3<*3/0189- ,* 3E</10 * 26=*3C *++1 210/* ;3;<;1= ,1 -B01 - 1./-0 <D15-.
.0+- ,* 2;<.=/.01 1<;-31=C +*4.3,1 210/* <-00*+2-3,*5 /0>+ <12:/.=-+
,*,;<1,-+SD;+/60;1,112;<.=/.0131 1D;1O*5@.*+*0*4;+/01*,-<.5*3/11
(r&
*J-=.89- ,1 12;<.=/.01 B1;131 * 1 ;52-0/T3<;1 +-<;-*<-3]5;<1 ,1 *F2=-0189-

12:<-=12*=-+2*@.*3-+20-20;*/N0;-+0.01;+,--0,*+/*C++1210/*,*.-0;4*5
1-/:/.=-,1-B012;<.=/.01O-<15;3D-21011<;,1,13;1C

[API_003]
COUTO, Regina Helena Nogueira e COUTO, Leomam Almeida.

Apicultura: manejo e produtos. Jaboticabal: FUNEP, 1996.
154p.
,*+2*;/- ,- /:/.=- ,*+20*/*3+;-+-O 1 -B01 /01H <12:/.=-+ @.* 1B-0,15

,*+,* 1 5-0G-=-4;1 ,1+ 1B*=D1+O ;3+/1=189- ,* 12;N0;-O 513*W- ,* <-=5*;1+ *
20-,./-+ ,1+ 1B*=D1+ 1/E /*51+ 51;+ <-52=*F-+ <-5- 21/-=-4;1 12:<-=1 *
4*3E/;<1 * 5*=D-015*3/- ,* 1B*=D1+_ * 0*G=*/*O *5 /-,-+ *=*+O +E0;1
20*-<.2189- <-5 1 @.1=;,1,* ,1+ ;3G-0518X*+C ++1 /*3,>3<;1 *5 ;3G-0510
<-5 1 5NF;51 20*<;+9- <;*3/:G;<1 E <-3+*@.>3<;1 31/.01= ,1 G-05189- ,*
15B-+ -+ 1./-0*+ 7 12;<.=/-0*+ 2*+@.;+1,-0*+ <-5 5*+/01,- * ,-./-01,- 31
*5N0*1+0*=1<;-31,1+S12;<.=/.01C-*3/13/-O3-/17+*120*-<.2189-*5
<1/;J10 - =*;/-0I 1=E5 ,* +*0 5.;/- B*5 ;=.+/01,1O 1 -B01 120*+*3/1 0*,189-
+;52=*+ * ,*/1=D*+ ;3/*0*++13/*+ ,1 <.=/.01 0*=1<;-31,1 1- ,-5:3;- 12:<-=1
<-5- - ;3- ,- 12;<.=/-0 B01+;=*;0- * .51 <-=*/T3*1 ,* 0*<*;/1+ ,1 <.=;3N0;1
<1+*;01A *=1B-01,1+ <-5 20-,./-+ ,1+ 1B*=D1+% 01/17+*A 2-0/13/-A ,* .5 =;J0-
*+2*<;1=,*12;<.=/.01O@.*1++-<;11*F2*0;>3<;120N/;<1S2*+@.;+1<;*3/:G;<1O*
@.*0*G=*/*O31+*3/0*=;3D1+O1*F2*0;>3<;1,*J;,1,-+1./-0*+,1-B01C
(rr
[API_004]
CAMARGO, Joo Maria Franco de (Org.). Manual de apicultura.

So Paulo: Agronmica Ceres, 1972. 252 p.
++1 -B01 ,*+/1<17+* 2-0 +.1 @.1=;,1,*C

*=1 <-3+/15 3-J* <12:/.=-+
+-B0* ;-=-4;1 ,* B*=D1+A 0*,;4;,-+ 2-0 (( 2*+@.;+1,-0*+ *+2*<;1=;+/1+ *5
+.1+ 0*+2*</;J1+ N0*1+O ,-;+ ,*=*+ <-3+;,*01,-+ -+ 51;-0*+ *F2-*3/*+ *
1./-0;,1,*+ <;*3/:G;<1+ *+2*<;1=;+/1+ *5 1B*=D1+ 3- 01+;=O - 0-GC
0C 10L;<K
+/*J15 [*00 * - 0-GC
0C 1.=- -4.*;01*/-C 5B-01 - /:/.=- ,1 -B01 +*W1
13.1= ,* 2;<.=/.01O 1 ,*3-5;3189- 39- <-3,;H *G*/;J15*3/* <-5 +*.
<-3/*R,-O 0*G=*/;3,- .51 ,*<;+9- 1<-0,1,1O 31 -<1+;9-O 2101 1/*3,*0 1
20-4015189-,1,;/-01@.*WN<-3/1J1<-5-=13815*3/-,*-./0-+13.1;+C
+.2-+/- 513.1=O 5*+5- 39- <-3/*3,- .5 R3;<- <12:/.=- +-B0* /E<3;<1+ ,*
513*W- 12:<-=1O 120*+*3/1 ;3G-0518X*+ <;*3/:G;<1+ ,* *F<*=*3/* 3:J*=
1<1,>5;<-O B1+*1,1+ *5 ,1,-+ ,* 2*+@.;+1+ -0;4;31;+ ,* +*.+ 20620;-+
1./-0*+O /-,1+ <-5 0*+.=/1,-+ 12=;<1,-+ S 12;<.=/.01C *.+ <12:/.=-+ /01/15
*+2*<;G;<15*3/* ,-+ +*4.;3/*+ /*51+I ;+/60;1 ,1 2;<.=/.01
01+;=*;01O
-5.3;<189- *5 2;+O E<3;<1+ ,* -3/0-=* ,* 0.H15*3/-+O *=D-015*3/-

,* B*=D1+O =;5*3/189- *5 2;+O -52-+;89- ,1 4*=*;1 0*1=O 5*= * 26=*3O
*3*3- ,1+ B*=D1+O 52-0/T3<;1 ,1+ B*=D1+ 31 -=;3;H189-O 1/-=-4;1
2:<-=1 * 20*3,;H14*5 *5 B*=D1+ 7 /*F/-+ <-3+;,*01,-+ =*;/.01+
;520*+<;3,:J*;+ 31 G-05189- ,* 2*+@.;+1,-0*+O /E<3;<-+ * *+/.,13/*+ ,*
B;-=-4;1 * *3/-5-=-4;1O 12;<.=/-0*+ * ;3/*0*++1,-+ *5 1B*=D1+ *5 4*01=C =E5
(r)
,;++-O 1 -B01 E 0;<15*3/* ;=.+/01,1 <-5 ,*+*3D-+ *=1B-01,-+ 2*=- 20620;-

-0413;H1,-0A0-GC
0C-9-C%15104-%
[API_005]
GUIMARES, Neif Pereira. Apicultura, a cincia da longa vida.

Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia, 1989. 155 p.
1./-0 ,*++* =;J0-O 0-GC *;G C .;5109*+O E ,;2=-51,- *5 12;<.=/.01
2*=1 7 ,* ;01<;<1B17 C =E5 ,* +*0 .5 *+/.,;-+- ,1+ 1B*=D1+A
120*+*3/1 *5 +*. <.00:<.=- =-341 *F2*0;>3<;1 20N/;<1 ,*,;<1,1 S 12;<.=/.01
5;3*;01C -B01 1@.; 0*=1<;-31,1 120*+*3/1 ,*+<0;8X*+ <-5 *3G-@.* 51;+
<;*3/:G;<-,-@.*20-20;15*3/*/E<3;<1+12:<-=1+C 9-ff<12:/.=-+@.*/01/15,*
/*51+ J10;1,-+! 20-,./-+ ,1+ 1B*=D1+ U5*=A <*01A 4*=*;1 0*1= */<%VA 12;/*012;1A
/*51+B;-=64;<-+,*12=;<189-20N/;<1<-5-,-*381+*;3;5;4-+,1+1B*=D1+O*
1;3,11,*+<0;89-,1G=-0112:<-=1,*O *O<-3+/;/.;3,-O2-0/13/-O-B01
,* 4013,* ./;=;,1,*A /13/- 2101 -+ 12;<.=/-0*+ <-5- 2101 -+ 2*+@.;+1,-0*+ ,1
N0*1C
[API_006]
LIMA, Mendelson Guerreiro de. A Produo de Prpolis no

Brasil. So Joo da Boa Vista-SP: Grfica So Sebastio, 2006.
120 p.
12;<.=/.01 E D-W* .51 ,1+ 1/;J;,1,*+ 51;+ 0*3/NJ*;+ 31 140-2*<.N0;1

B01+;=*;01C 01+;=120*+*3/1*F.B*013/**J10;1,1G=-0112:<-=1@.*=D*<-3G*0*
.54013,*2-/*3<;1=2101+*/-0310.5,-+51;-0*+20-,./-0*+5.3,;1;+,*5*=
* 2062-=;+C 2062-=;+O 20-,./- ,1+ 1B*=D1+ -0;.3,1 ,* 0*+;31+ J*4*/1;+
<-=*/1,1+2*=1+1B*=D1+O120*+*3/120-20;*,1,*+G1051<-=64;<1+,*;52-0/13/*
(rc
J1=-0 5*,;<;31=C =4.3+ /;2-+ ,* 2062-=;+ 120*+*3/15 1/;J;,1,*+ 13/;7

;3G=151/60;1+O13/;5;<0-B;131+O13/;-F;,13/*+*3/0*-./01+_*-+ 20-,./-+SB1+*
,* 2062-=;+ <-3+/;/.*5 1 B1+* ,1 <D151,1 12;/*012;1C -B01 *5 @.*+/9-O
0*,;4;,12-0.5B;6=-4-*+2*<;1=;+/13-*+/.,-,12062-=;+O*3,*=+-3.*00*;01
,* ;51O 0*R3* ;3G-0518X*+ ,*/1=D1,1+ ,*++* 20-,./-O ,*+,* 1 /E<3;<1 ,*
<-=*/1A <=1++;G;<189-O <-52-+;89- @.:5;<1 S+ 20-20;*,1,*+ G1051<-=64;<1+ ,1
2062-=;+O <-3+/;/.;3,-7+* 3.51 -B01 ,* =*;/.01 0*<-5*3,1,1 /13/- 2*=-+
;3/*0*++1,-+3112;<.=/.01<-5-3112;/*012;1%

[API_007]
GRESSLER, Walter. Apicultura: dicas, macetes e quebragalhos. Rio de Janeiro: LUCLART Grficas, 2004. 173 p.
1./-0 ,*++1 -B01 E.5*3/.+;1+/1 * <0;1/;J- 12;<.=/-0 41R<D- 01,;<1,-

DN 13-+ 3- ;- ,* 13*;0- * @.*O 2-0 +*0 .5 1++:,.- G0*@.*3/1,-0,* <.0+-+O
+*5;3N0;-+ * <-340*++-+ ,* 12;<.=/.01O +*3/;. 1 3*<*++;,1,* ,* <-52;=10
*F2*0;>3<;1+*<-5*3/N0;-+-.J;,-+*5/1;+0*.3;X*+C/:/.=-2;<.=/.01I,;<1+O
51<*/*+ * @.*B01741=D-+ <-3,;H <-5 1 -B01 @.* =;+/1 ;3J*3/-+ * +-=.8X*+
-0;4;31;+OB*5<-5-<0:/;<1+*+.4*+/X*+,*12;<.=/-0*+O/E<3;<-+O2*+@.;+1,-0*+
-. 5*+5- ,* <.0;-+-+ ,1+ 1B*=D1+O +-B0* -+ 51;+ J10;1,-+ /*51+ 12:<-=1+O
20;3<;21=5*3/* 1@.*=*+ 5*0*<*,-0*+ ,* ,;J.=4189- * @.*O 2-0 1=4.51 01H9-O
39- +9- G-051=5*3/* 120*+*3/1,-+ *5 <-340*++-+C -B01 <-520**3,* fy
<12:/.=-+ 0*,;4;,-+ <-5 -BW*/;J;,1,* * - <.;,1,- ,* ;,*3/;G;<10 1 51;-0;1 ,-+
1./-0*+ ,-+ 0*+2*</;J-+ ;3J*3/-+ -. <-5*3/N0;-+_ E /-,- ,-<.5*3/1,- <-5
(rQ
G-/-+O ,*+*3D-+ * 40NG;<-+O ,*+<0;/-+ ,* 513*;01 20N/;<1O 1=4.3+ <-5 4013,*
20*<;+9- /E<3;<1 * <;*3/:G;<1O <-3/*52=13,- ;3G-0518X*+ * ,*/1=D*+ 01015*3/*
*3<-3/01,-+3-+/*F/-+G-051;+,*513.1;+-.=;J0-+,*12;<.=/.01%=;34.14*5
E +;52=*+ * 1 =*;/.01 ;3/*0*++1 315*,;,1 *5 @.* 1B0134* -+ 20;3<;21;+/*51+
,112;<.=/.01*/013+<0*J**F2*0;>3<;1+0*1;+,*12;<.=/-0*+*1G;<;-31,-+2*=1+
1B*=D1+%

[API_008]
BARANCELI, Celso Domingos. Crie Abelhas: fcil e d lucro.

Curitiba: Regional de Apicultura da Emater-PR ? A (gl&%
c&2%
01/17+* ,* .5 513.1= *5;3*3/*5*3/* 20N/;<- +-B0* -+ 20;3<;21;+

5E/-,-+./;=;H1,-+3112;<.=/.01C
;0;4*7+*1210/;<;213/*+,*<.0+-+BN+;<-+-.
;3/0-,./60;-+O3-*3+;3-,-+20;5*;0-+21++-+,1<0;189-,1+1B*=D1+,-4>3*0-
2;+% -B01 ,*+<0*J* * ;=.+/01 <-5 ,*+*3D-+ * G-/-+A ,*+,* 1+ 20;3<;21;+
1/;J;,1,*+ ,1+ 1B*=D1+ *5 +*. <;<=- ,* J;,1 S+ <101</*0:+/;<1+ G:+;<1+ ,* +.1
5-01,;1 U<-=5*;1\C ;52=*+* ,;,N/;<1O 1 -B01 0;<1 *5,*/1=D*+ 120*+*3/1O <-5
20*<;+9-O 1+ 5*,;,1+ ,- 5-,*=- 51;+ .+1,- ,* <-=5*;1 3- 01+;= Y5-,*=-
134+/0-/D\B*5<-5-*+2*<;G;<18X*+/E<3;<1++-B0*1;3+/1=189-,-+12;N0;-+O
-.+-,*<*01*+/1521,1O10*=189-,*51/*0;1=12:<-=1*J*+/.N0;-,-12;<.=/-0O
1 ,*+<0;89- ,* 1=4.3+ /;2-+ ,* 513*W- ;3<=.;3,- - <-00*/- .+- ,1 G.5181 2101
=;,10 <-5 1+ 1B*=D1+C 5 +:3/*+*O /01/17+* ,* .5 513.1= *=1B-01,- 2101
;3<*3/;J101<0;189-,*1B*=D1+2-0+*0+;52=*+O-BW*/;J-*,*GN<;==*;/.01%
(rq
[API_009]
Apicultura: manual do agente de desenvolvimento rural /

Darcet Costa Souza, organizador. Braslia, Sebrae, 2004. 100 p.
01/17+*,*.5513.1=,*12;<.=/.01,*+*3J-=J;,-2-0.540.2-,*-;/-
1./-0*+O /E<3;<-+ *5 12;<.=/.01O <-3/01/1,-+ 2*=- 1<;-31=
*+2*<;G;<15*3/* 2101 1 *=1B-0189- ,1 -B01C
;13/* ,1 ,;+2*0+9- 31/.01= ,1+
1B*=D1+ 1G0;<13;H1,1+ 2*=- 21:+ * ,1 0*1= 2-++;B;=;,1,* ,* *F213+9- ,1
12;<.=/.01B01+;=*;01/13/-3-5*0<1,-;3/*03-<-5-*F/*03-A/-03-.7+*;52*0;-+-
*F213,;0 1 0*,* ,* 12-;- *,.<1/;J- 1-+ 12;<.=/-0*+ * 1-+ /01B1=D1,-0*+ ,-
<152-C3/*0*++1,-3-G-5*3/-,*18X*+*,.<1/;J1+*3-*520**3,*,-0;+5-O-
1<;-31= ,*<;,;. G-0510 /E<3;<-+ ;,*3/;G;<1,-+ <-5-
+ -.
4*3/*+ ,*
*+*3J-=J;5*3/- .01= 2101 1/.10 W.3/- 1-+ 20-,./-0*+ 0.01;+%
<-5-210/*,1G-05189-,-
G-;;,*1=;H1,--20*+*3/*513.1=,*12;<.=/.01A
;3+/0.5*3/-,*-0;*3/189-*<-3+.=/121011+B-1+20N/;<1+12:<-=1+C-B01G1H
210/* ,- 0-W*/- 7 2;<.=/.01 3/*401,1 * .+/*3/NJ*= * 120*+*3/1 ``
<12:/.=-+ @.* 1B0134*5 /*51+ J10;1,-+ <-5-I -0 @.* <0;10 1B*=D1+O ;-=-4;1
,1+ 1B*=D1+O 1/*0;1= 12:<-=1 * +.1+ *+2*<;G;<18X*+O 0-,./-+ ,1+ 1B*=D1+A
13*W- * E<3;<1+ 12:<-=1+O +<0;/.0189- P--/E<3;<1 *3/0* -./0-+O G;31=;H13,-
<-5 .5 <12:/.=- +-B0* 1<;,*3/*+ <-5 1B*=D1+ * 20-<*,;5*3/-+ 0*=1<;-31,-+
1-+20;5*;0-++-<-00-+%
[API_010] WINSTON, Mark L. A Biologia da abelha. Traduo de Carlos A.

Osowski. Porto Alegre, Magister, 2003. 276 p.
(rl
-B01 -0;4;31= G-; *+<0;/1 2*=- 15*0;<13- 10K % ;3+/-3A 1./-0 <-5
G-05189-/*60;<1*5*3/-5-=-4;1**F2*0;>3<;1/E<3;<1<-51B*=D1+,-4>3*0-
2;+% .520*73-+ *+<=10*<*0 @.* *5B-01 /*3D1 +;,- *+<0;/1 -0;4;31=5*3/* *5
;34=>+O1-B01@.*100-=15-+31<-52-+;89-,- <-02.+E.51/01,.89-2101-
2-0/.4.>+ G*;/1 2-0 10=-+ C +-L+K;O .5 12;<.=/-0 B01+;=*;0- @.* 1- =-34- ,-
/*52- *+2*<;1=;H-.7+* 31 /01,.89- ,* /*F/-+ ,*++1 N0*1C 01/17+* ,* -B01 ,*
4013,* J1=-0 ,;,N/;<- 2*=- <-3/*R,-O 2*=1+ ;=.+/018X*+ *A 3-/1,15*3/*A 2*=1
20*<;+9-,1/*05;3-=-4;1120*+*3/1,1C-+/*0;-05*3/*O*3/*3,*5-+@.*<-/*W10
1+ =*;/.01+ ,- /*F/- -0;4;31=,* ;3+/-3 * /01,.89- ,* +-L+K; +*0N ,* 4013,*
1.F:=;- 31 ,*20**3+9- ,* /*05-+ *@.;J1=*3/*+ 31+ ,.1+ =:34.1+C .13/- 1-+
/*51+ /01/1,-+O 1 -B01 120*+*3/1 .51 ;3/0-,.89- S B;-=-4;1 * 1-
<-52-0/15*3/- +-<;1= ,1+ 1B*=D1+ * <-5 >3G1+* 31 2;+ 5*==;G*01^ /01H
;3G-0518X*+ +-B0* 1 131/-5;1 ,1 1B*=D1 YG-051 * G.389-\O ,*+*3J-=J;5*3/- *
3./0;89-O 1/;J;,1,*+ ;3,;J;,.1;+ ,1+ -2*0N0;1+ *5 G.389- ,1 ;,1,*A 1=E5 ,1+
G.38X*+ ,1 01;3D1 * H134X*+ 31 <-=]3;1C 9- /01/1,-+ /15BE5 1+2*</-+
;52-0/13/*+ ,1 *J-=.89- ,1+ 1B*=D1+ <-5- 1 <-5.3;<189-O G-0014*15*3/- *
B;-=-4;1 ,1 *3F15*189- * 0*20-,.89-O <-3+/;/.;3,-7+* 3.5 /*F/- <.W1 =*;/.01 E
0*<-5*3,1,1+-B0*/.,-1-+*+/.,;-+-+,1B;-=-4;1,1+1B*=D1+%

[MELI_001] NOGUEIRA-NETO, Paulo. Vida e criao de abelhas indgenas
sem ferro. So Paulo: Nogueirapis, 1997. 445 p.
(rg
D;+/60;1 ,1 2;<.=/.01 * *5 *+2*<;1= ,1 *=;2-3;<.=/.01 B01+;=*;01 *+/N

*+/0*;/15*3/*J;3<.=1,1SJ;,1<;*3/:G;<1,*/0>+4013,*+<;*3/;+/1+B01+;=*;0-+O-
*<-=-4;+/1 0-G%
0% 1.=- -4.*;01 */-A - 4*3*/;<;+/1 0-G%
0% 10L;<K
+/*J15[*00*-H-6=-4-*C-+E 13/;14--.0*%
-B01 *5 @.*+/9-O ,* 1./-0;1 ,- 0-GC
0C -4.*;01 */-O 0*G=*/*
201/;<15*3/*/-,1.51D;+/60;1,*J;,1,*,;<1,11-<.=/;J-,*1B*=D1+;3,:4*31+
+*5 G*009- * S 20*+*0J189- ,- 5*;- 15B;*3/*C *=1 - 1./-0 120*+*3/1O *5
=;34.14*5 1<*++:J*=O 2-0E5 <-5 4013,* 0;4-0 <;*3/:G;<-O -+ 0*+.=/1,-+ ,* +.1+
2*+@.;+1+ * <-3D*<;5*3/-+ 1<.5.=1,-+ +-B0* B;-=-4;1 * 513*W- ,-+
5*=;2-3:3*-+C 0*-<.21,- <-5 1 3*<*++;,1,* ,* 0*20-,.89- ,*++1+ 1B*=D1+
2101 1 513./*389- ,- 5*;- 15B;*3/*O - 1./-0 /01HO -0413;H1,-+ *5 mm
<12:/.=-+O,*/1=D*+*-0;*3/18X*++*4.01++-B0*-+5E/-,-+@.*2*05;/*5<0;N7
=1+ * 5.=/;2=;<N7=1+C -B01 <-3/E5 -0;*3/18X*+ +-B0* <-5- +*.+ 20-,./-+
,*J*5 +*0 /01/1,-+O ,*+,* +.1 <-=D*;/1 1/E +*. <-3+.5-_ ,*+<0;8X*+ ,1+
20-20;*,1,*+ ,-+ 5E;+O 5*=1/-+O +15-01+O 2=13/1+ ;3,*+*WNJ*;+_ *O G;31=5*3/*O
;3G-0518X*++-B0*1+20;3<;21;+21/-=-4;1+*;3;5;4-+,1+1B*=D1++*5G*009-C
-B01O <-3+;,*01,1 .51 0*=:@.;1 ,1 5*=;2-3;<.=/.01 B01+;=*;01O E 0*<-5*3,1,1
<-5- =*;/.01 -B0;41/60;1 2101 @.1=@.*0 *+/.,13/*O /E<3;<- -. 2*+@.;+1,-0
;3/*0*++1,-3-*+/.,-,1+1B*=D1+B01+;=*;01+%
()'
[MELI_002] PIRANI,
Jos
Rubens
CORTOPASSI-LAURINO,
Marilda
(Coord.). Flores e abelhas em So Paulo. So Paulo:

Edusp/Fapesp, 1993. 194 p.
- 01+;=O+9-010-+-+=*J13/15*3/-++-B0*1B*=D1+*F;+/*3/*+*5N0*1+
.0B131+C 20*+*3/* -B01 E -0;4;31= * 0*R3* 0*+.=/1,-+ ,* /01B1=D-+ ,* f`
*+2*<;1=;+/1+ *<6=-4-+ * B-/T3;<-+ ,1 O -0;4;31,-+ ,* -B+*0J18X*+ ,;0*/1+
,1+ 1/;J;,1,*+ ,1+ 1B*=D1+ +-<;1;+ * - 0*<-3D*<;5*3/- ,* xz 2=13/1+ 12:<-=1+
J;+;/1,1+ 2-0 *=1+ *5 9- 1.=-C + 0;<1+ ;=.+/018X*+ *F2=;<1/;J1+ ,1+ 2=13/1+
;,*3/;G;<1,1+O +.1+ G=-0*+ * 0*+2*</;J-+ 26=*3+ * -+ ,1,-+ +-B0* E2-<1 ,*
G=-0189- @.1=;G;<15 - /01B1=D- <-5- ;52-0/13/* 51/*0;1= BN+;<- ,* ,;J.=4189-
<;*3/:G;<1210112;<.=/.01*5*=;2-3;<.=/.01B01+;=*;01%

[MELI_003] BRUENING,
Pe.
Huberto.
Abelha
jandara.
3.ed.
Natal:
SEBRAE/RN, 2006. 138 p.

++1 2.B=;<189- 0*+41/1O 2-0 ;3;<;1/;J1 ,- 5*=;2-3;<.=/-0 0% 1.=-
*3*H*+O*5210<*0;1<-5- O-+0*=1/-+5;3.<;-+-+,-*3/9-<.01
,1 1/*,01= ,* -++-067A *% .B*0/-
0.*3;34A +-B0* 1 B;-=-4;1A
<-52-0/15*3/-O513*W-O*1,12/189-,11B*=D1W13,1:01S<11/;3413-0,*+/;31C
J1=-0 ,*++1 2.B=;<189- +* 0*J*=1 31 5*,;,1 *5 @.* +* /01/1 ,1 R3;<1 -B01
+-B0* 1 1B*=D1 W13,1:01 *,;/1,1 3-
01+;=O * @.* +.1+ 2N4;31+ <-3/>5
;3G-0518X*+0*<-=D;,1+1-=-34-,*mb13-+,**F2*0;>3<;1*,*,;<189-,*++*
0*=;4;-+- 1 *++1 1B*=D1A <-3+/;/.;3,-A 2-0/13/-A -B01 ,* J;/1= ;52-0/T3<;1 2101
<0;1,-0*+O 2*+@.;+1,-0*+ * *+/.,;-+-+ ,1+ 1B*=D1+ 31/;J1+ ,- +*5;N0;,-
()(
3-0,*+/;3-% r1 *,;89-O *5 D-5*314*5 26+/.51 1- +1.,-+- -3+*3D-0

.B*0/- 0.*3;34A *3<-3/017+* 1;3,1 *30;@.*<;,1 2-0 .5 <12:/.=- ;3/;/.=1,-
0;189- 01<;-31= ,1 1B*=D1 W13,1:01A ,* 1./-0;1 ,- 5*=;2-3;<.=/-0A 0% 1.=-
*3*H*+%
[MELI_004] FREITAS, Breno Magalhes e OLIVEIRA FILHO, Jos Hugo de.

Criao racional de mamangavas: para polinizao em reas
agrcolas. Fortaleza: Banco do Nordeste, 2001. 96 p.
+ 1B*=D1+ 5151341J1+ UF%! Z=-<-21 +22C\ +9- ;52-0/13/*+
2-=;3;H1,-0*+ ,1 J*4*/189- 31/;J1 B01+;=*;01C =1+ +9- 0*+2-3+NJ*;+ 2*=1
0*20-,.89-,;0*/1,*5.;/1+*+2E<;*+J*4*/1;++;=J*+/0*+*,*1=4.51+*+2E<;*+
<.=/;J1,1+ <-5-O 2-0 *F*52=-O - 5101<.WN Y 1++;G=-01 +22V * - /-51/*
U Z<-2*0+;<.5*+<.=*3/.5\*3/0*-./01+C-<1+-,-5101<.WNO15151341J1E
D-W* <-3+;,*01,1 +*. 20;3<;21=14*3/* 2-=;3;H1,-0C1<* S 152=1 ,;++*5;3189-
,*+*.<.=/;J-3- 01+;=*13*<*++;,1,*,*2-=;3;H1,-0*+,;+2-3:J*;+/-03-.7+*
;52*0;-+- - ,*+*3J-=J;5*3/- ,* <0;1/60;-+ 01<;-31;+ ,*++1+ 1B*=D1+ 2101
1/*3,*0 1 ,*513,1 31<;-31=% *++* +*3/;,-A -+ 1./-0*+ ,1 -B01 7 0*3- %
0*;/1+*-+E.4-=;J*;01-A,171=E5,*,*+<0*J*0*51B;-=-4;1,1+
5151341J1+O+*.<;<=-,*J;,1*DNB;/-+,*3;,;G;<189-O120*+*3/15.5*+/.,-
<-52=*/- ,1 <.=/.01 * 2-=;3;H189- ,- 5101<.WN * +*.+ 0*@.*0;5*3/-+C =E5
,;++-O 120*+*3/15 ,*+<0;8X*+ ,*/1=D1,1+ *B*5 ;=.+/01,1+ ,1 <-=5*;1 01<;-31=
()&
21015151341J1+O1=E5,*-0;*3/18X*+2101-513*W-O<0;189-O513./*389- *
0*20-,.89-,*++1+1B*=D1+C
[MELI_005] KERR, Warwick E., CARVALHO, Gislene A., NASCIMENTO,

Vania A. Abelha uruu: biologia, manejo e conservao. Belo
Horizonte: Fundao Acanga, 1996. 144 p.
- 01+;=O51;+,*xb,1+N0J-0*+31/;J1++9-2-=;3;H1,1+2-01B*=D1+
+*5 G*009-A <-3D*<;,1+ <;*3/;G;<15*3/* <-5- 5*=;2-3:3*-+C
1+ 51;+ ,* mbb
*+2E<;*+;,*3/;G;<1,1+*5/-,--5.3,-O120-F;51,15*3/*fbb*+/9-*52*0;4-
,* *F/;389- ,*J;,- 20;3<;21=5*3/* 1-+ ,*+51/15*3/-+O +*3,- 010:++;51+ 1+
-B01+@.**3+;315<-5-<0;10*++1+1B*=D1+C20*+*3/*2.B=;<189-O*=1B-01,1
2*=- 0-G%
0% 10L;<K % [*00 * <-=1B-01,-0*+A ,*,;<17+* *+2*<;1=5*3/* S
,;J.=4189-,-+<-3D*<;5*3/-+,1B;-=-4;1*513*W-,11B*=D10.8.Y *=;2-31
+<./*==10;+\O 51+ ;3<=.; <12:/.=- *+2*<;1= ;3/;/.=1,- 5*=;2-3;<.=/.01 2101

;3;<;13/*+7<-=1B-0189-@.*1W.,1120**3<D*01=1<.31*F;+/*3/*31=;/*01/.01
<-5;3G-0518X*+R/*;+1/-,-+-+;3/*0*++1,-+310*20-,.89-*<-3+*0J189-,*
@.1=@.*0*+2E<;*,*5*=;2-3:3*-C
[MELI_006] KERR, Warwick Estevam. Biologia e manejo da tiba: a abelha

do Maranho. So Lus: EDUFMA, 1996. 156 p.
1B*=D1 /;RB1 -. .0.8. U*=;2-31 <-520*++;2*+ G1+<;<.=1/1\ E .51
1B*=D1 +*5 G*009- <-3D*<;,1 <-5- 1 1B*=D1 ,- 1013D9-O .51 J*H @.* E
5.;/-<.=/;J1,1*5/-,--+/1,-,-1013D9-2101120-,.89-,*5*=O26=*3*
()r
2062-=;+C4*3*/;<;+/10-GC
0CCC[*00O1-/01B1=D102-0.52*0:-,-,*+.1
J;,1 3*++* +/1,-A ,*,;<-.7+* 1- *+/.,- ,1 1B*=D1 /;RB1C *++1 -B01O
,*+<0*J*57+* ,1,-+ B;-=64;<-+ ;52-0/13/*+ * /E<3;<1+ ,* 513*W- *+2*<:G;<1+
+-B0* *++1 1B*=D1C =E5 ,;++-O 1 -B01 /01H .51 0*J;+9- <-52=*/1 ,* /-,1 1
/*-0;1 +-B0* 1 ,*/*05;3189- ,- +*F- 31+ 1B*=D1+O <-3+/;/.;3,- -B01 ,*
0*G*0>3<;12101-+*+/.,;-+-+,1+1B*=D1+B01+;=*;01+C
[MELI_007] SILVEIRA, Fernando A., MELO, Gabriel A. R., ALMEIDA, Eduardo

A. B. Abelhas brasileiras: sistemtica e identificao. Belo
Horizonte: Fernando A. Silveira, 2002. 253 p.
*4.3,- -+ 1./-0*+ ,*+/1 -B01A *+/;517+* @.* *F;+/*5 D-W*A 3- 01+;=A
2*=-5*3-+r%bbb*+2E<;*+,;+/;3/1+,*1B*=D1+O,1+@.1;+12*31+`|x*+2E<;*+
G-015 ,*J;,15*3/* ,*+<0;/1+ * <=1++;G;<1,1+O D1J*3,- 2-0/13/- .51 <10>3<;1
5.;/- 4013,*,* /01B1=D-+ 3*++1N0*1C .3<1O 2-0E5O 31 D;+/60;1 ,1+1B*=D1+O
+.1;52-0/T3<;12101-D-5*5*2101-5*;-15B;*3/*G-;/9-J1=-0;H1,1<-5-
3-+ R=/;5-+ <;3<- 13-+ *O 1;3,1 51;+O G1<* 1- ,*+1+/0* *<-=64;<- * *3-05*
20*W.:H-*<-3]5;<-0*20*+*3/1,-2*=-,*+1210*<;5*3/-,*5;=D10*+,*1B*=D1+
3-++/1,-+3;,-+O*5JN0;1+0*4;X*+,1.0-21*/15BE5315E0;<1,- .=C
0*J;+X*+ 51;+ ,0N+/;<1+ J;3<.=15 ;3<=.+;J* 1 *F/;389- ,- 20620;- D-5*5 1-
,*+1210*<;5*3/-,1+1B*=D1+,1G1<*,1/*001%
01+;= E 20;J;=*4;1,- 2*=- 4013,* 3R5*0- ,* *+2E<;*+ ,* 1B*=D1+ @.*
<-52X*51+.1G1.31C+;+/*5N/;<1*;,*3/;G;<189-,1+1B*=D1+B01+;=*;01++9-
-+20;3<;21;+/*51+,1-B01*5*2:401G*C1011<=1++;G;<189-*;,*3/;G;<189-,1+
())
1B*=D1+ +9- *=1B-01,1+ <D1J*+ ,* ;,*3/;G;<189- @.* ,*/*05;315 1 2-+;89-

/1F-3]5;<1 ,* *+2E<;5*+ 1/01JE+ ,1 <-3G0-3/189- 5;3.<;-+1 ,* +.1+
<101</*0:+/;<1+5-0G-=64;<1+<-51@.*=1+,*+<0;/1+C
*+/1 -B01O -+ 1./-0*+ 120*+*3/15 51;+ ,* xb <D1J*+ ,* ;,*3/;G;<189-O
;=.+/01,1+ <-5 &g' G;4.01+ -0;4;31;+ 2101 /-,1+ 1+ G15:=;1+A +.BG15:=;1+A /0;B-+A
4>3*0-+*+.B4>3*0-+,*1B*=D1+20*+*3/*+3- 01+;=O<-3/0;B.;89-J1=;-+:++;51
* ;520*+<;3,:J*= 2101 @.1=@.*0 2*+@.;+1,-0 ;3/*0*++1,- 31 ;,*3/;G;<189- ,1+
1B*=D1+*3<-3/01,1+3- 01+;=%

1B* 1;3,1 0*=1<;-310A ,*3/0* 1+ G-3/*+ *+<0;/1+ ;520*++1+ ,* @.*
,;+2-5-+A 1=4.51+ G-3/*+ +*<.3,N0;1+ ,* 2*+@.;+1O 0*2*0/60;-+ ,* 31/.0*H1
5*/1=;34.:+/;<1WN*F;+/*3/*+3-,-5:3;-,112;<.=/.01!

x
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31/;J1+ <.=/;J1,1+ 3- 01+;=% ++1+ -B01+ 7 <-3+;,*01,1+ G-3/*+ +*<.3,N0;1+ 7
39-;3/*4015O<-3+*@.*3/*5*3/*O3-++- <-02.+20;3<;21=A- <-02.+ %A
*5 +:3/*+*O ,-;+ 104.5*3/-+ W.+/;G;<15 *++1 ,*<;+9-I % ;3G-05189- @.*
J*;<.=1539-,;H0*+2*;/-1-<-3D*<;5*3/-*+2*<:G;<-,12;<.=/.013- 01+;=^*
%9-G-0152.B=;<1,1+*5=:34.12-0/.4.*+1*O2-0/13/-O39-2-,*5-G*0*<*0
.3;,1,*+ S 51<0-*+/0./.01 ,* 3-++- ,;<;-3N0;-% ++1+ -B01+A <-3/.,-A G-015
<-3+;,*01,1+ G-3/*+ +*<.3,N0;1+ 1 +*0J;073-+ *J*3/.1=5*3/* ,* 12-;- S
2*+@.;+1 * <-52=*5*3/189- ,* ;3G-0518X*+ 0*=1/;J1+ 1 +.B,-5:3;-+ 51;+
4*01;+ ,1 2;<.=/.01 -. S 0*<.2*0189-O 3- G./.0-O ,* G-051+ *@.;J1=*3/*+ *5
;34=>+%

r%&%r-3/*+*+<0;/1+,;4;/1;+

5 /*0<*;0- <-02.+ 0*R3* 2.B=;<18X*+ *5
7 0*=1/;J1+ 1-+
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*=;2-3;<.=/.01A-<-00;,-+3- 01+;=,*+,*(gq'1&''l!
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7%
x

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1J;, U,%V% 31;+ ,- 3<-3/0-
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,**3-05*J1=-0<;*3/:G;<-O 2-0@.13/-0*<-B0*/-,11/*0<*;01G1+*,112;<.=/.01
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*5 3-++- 21:+I ,*+,* 1 G1+* ,- <-3D*<;5*3/- 1/E 1 *F213+9- ,1 12;<.=/.01
01<;-31= U(gq'7&''lV% *.+ -0413;H1,-0*+ ,*+/1<157+* *5 +.1+ N0*1+ ,*
1/.189- <-5- <;*3/;+/1+ B01+;=*;0-+ ,* 0*3-5* ;3/*031<;-31=A 2*+@.;+1,-0*+
;3;<;13/*+O/E<3;<-+140:<-=1+OW-031=;+/1+*20-G*++-0*+C013,*210/*,-+/*F/-+
2.B=;<1,-+ 3*++1+ 5:,;1+ - G-015O 2-0E5O *5 =:34.1 *+/0134*;01 *O 2-0 *++1
01H9-O/15BE539-;3/*4015-<-02.+20;3<;21= %
1=* 1;3,1 <-5*3/10 @.* 1+ 1/;J;,1,*+ ,* 2*+@.;+1 <-5 1B*=D1+ 3-
01+;= ,;G.3,;0157+* 3-/1,15*3/* <-5 1 ;3+/;/.;89- ,- <D151,- h3<-3/0-+
+-B0* B*=D1+i% *J*3/- B;*31=A 20-5-J;,- 2*=1 1<.=,1,* ,* ;=-+-G;1A

;>3<;1+ * */01+ ,* ;B*;09- 0*/-$ A E <-3+;,*01,- - 51;+ ;52-0/13/*
*J*3/- <;*3/:G;<- 3- 01+;= +-B0* - .3;J*0+- ,- <-3D*<;5*3/- ,1+ 1B*=D1+% +
31;+ ,*++*+ 3<-3/0-+CCC 2.B=;<15 0*+.5-+ *5 ;34=>+ * 2-0/.4.>+ - @.*A
1<0*,;/15-+A 2-,* J;0 1 G1<;=;/10 *5 .51 *,;89- G./.01 ,* 3-++- ,;<;-3N0;- 1
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r%r<-02.+/*F/.1=

5 <-02.+7/1=<-5--,*G;3* 10,;3D1*5 ;34{:+/;<1,* -02.+739-
+*0*+.5*1.510*.3;9-,*/*F/-+C *W11,*G;3;89-,* <-02.+!

5<-3W.3/-,*,1,-+=;34{:+/;<-+Y2*0/*3<*3/*+1-.+--01=-.
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1 G-051/189- ,;4;/1=O 1 0*20*+*3/1/;J;,1,* * *F/*3+9- ,- <-02.+% ,;13/* ,-
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56
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1 +*@.>3<;1O .51 +*4.3,1 ,;G;<.=,1,* ;52]+7+*% ;3,1 @.*

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1+ =*F;1+ 0*<.2*01,1+ 3- <-02.+A 1 G-051 2101 *3<1B*810 - J*0B*/*A 1
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h<=1++*iOh4>3*0-i*/<CQl%
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67
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68
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1B*=D1+kkC *;/.01+ 51;+ 12.01,1+O 2-0E5O 2*05;/*573-+ *+/1B*=*<*0 +.B40.2-+ <-5-

h*3F15*ih<-=]3;1ihG15:=;1ijj140.215*3/-,*1B*=D1+@.*J;J*5W.3/1+kk^h<-=5*;1i
h<1;F1i h<-0/;8-i jj =-<1= -3,* .5 *3F15* +* *+/1B*=*<* 2101 J;J*0A 20-,.H;0 <*01A
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69
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72
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!

"Felicidade [Happiness] e infelicidade
[Misery] so os nomes de dois extremos, os
confins de que no temos conhecimento; aquilo
que o olho no viu, o ouvido no ouviu, nem o
corao do homem soube conhecer. Mas, em
algum grau, temos de ambas as impresses vrios
exemplos de gozo e de alegria de um lado, e de
tormento e de desgosto de outro; coisa que, para
maior brevidade, englobarei sob os nomes de
prazer [Pleasure] e dor [Pain]. Existem prazer e
dor da mente [Mind], alm daqueles prazeres do
corpo... Felicidade em seu grau mximo, ,
portanto, o supremo prazer de que somos capazes,
[...].(JOHN LOCKE, 1632-1704)
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*5@.*39-<.520*5-+*.20-26+;/-_3*3D.51,*=1+210*<*20-5-J*0-B-5
+*3+-%
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hJ*05*=D-i *@.;J1=* S+ ;3R5*01+ ,*G;3;8X*+ 20*+*3/*+ 3-+ ,;+<.0+-+
41+/0-3]5;<-+**3-=64;<-+*5@.*+*-G*0*<*O2-0*F*52=-O<-5-,*G;3;89-,*
.5hB-0,]ijjJ;3D-@.*120*+*3/1-4-+/-,*.5W1J1=;5-=D1,-*5G.41kkA3-
=.410,*jjJ;3D-/;3/-A-0;.3,-,10*4;9-,* -0,E.+O3101381kk7<-5-+*1
3-J1 h,*G;3;89-i 1/0;B.:,1 1 *++* J;3D- 2.,*++* ,* 1=4.51 G-051 <-3G*0;0 .51
5-/;J189-1-+;43-10B;/0N0;-*0*+41/107=D*-+1B-0*3<-021,-A510<13/*%
-5-<-3<=.+9-O+*39-=-4015-+0*+2-3,*0,*G;3;/;J15*3/*S2*04.3/1
,* 013<K*= U(gg&VA 1- 5*3-+ 1<0*,;/15-+ /*0 0*G=*/;,- +-B0* 1 2-=>5;<1 ,-
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&&)
<1B* 1- ,;<;-310;+/1 *3<-3/010 .5 ,;+<.0+- ,*G;3;<;-31= @.* 0*G=;/1 *++1
<-52=*F1 0*1=;,1,* ,1 .3;,1,* =*F;<1=% J*0B*/* ,*J* 41013/;0 1- =*;/-0 .5
5:3;5- ,* ;3G-05189- @.* =D* @.* 2*05;/1O ,* .5 =1,-O - 0*<-3D*<;5*3/- ,-
+*3/;,-*A,*-./0-A-0*<-3D*<;5*3/-,-=.410@.*1.3;,1,**513N=;+*-<.21
3-+;+/*51=;34.:+/;<-C
* - ,;+<.0+- E =;3*10O <-5 21=1J01+ W.+/12-+/1+ .51+ S+ -./01+O -
+*3/;,-1,J;3,-,*.51+*@.>3<;1*3.3<;1/;J139--EC+21=1J01+<-5B;3157
+* * 1- 5*+5- /*52- 0*+/0;34*57+* *5 G.389- ,* -2*018X*+ +;3/N/;<1+O
=64;<1+O +*5T3/;<1+ * 20145N/;<1+ @.* +* +-B0*2X*5 .51+ S+ -./01+O * <1B*
1- ,;<;-310;+/1 /*3/10 ,*20**3,*0 * 0*4;+/010 -+ 51/;H*+ ,* +*3/;,- @.* .51
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=E5 ,;++-O 1 20-,.89- ,* +*3/;,- 39- E .3;=1/*01=O * - +*3/;,- ,1+
21=1J01+ 1,JE5 /13/- ,* <-52=*F- 5-J;5*3/- ,* +;43;G;<189- <-5- ,*
;3/*020*/189-O 20-,.H;3,-7+* 3*<*++10;15*3/* 31 ;3/*0189- *3/0* -+ G1=13/*+
@.* G;=/015 * 1/;J15 +.1+ ,;G*0*3/*+ 20-20;*,1,*+ +;3/N/;<1+O +*5T3/;<1+ *
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;13/*,*2-++;B;=;,1,*+;3G;3;/1+,*20-,.89-,*+*3/;,-O+1B*5-+@.*-
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5*3-+ G;F1+A @.* 3-+ 2*05;/*5 J;J*3<;10 <-3J*0+18X*+ /013@.;=1+O =*;/.01+
;3+/;413/*+ * 1/E 20-,.H;0 /*F/-+ 51;+ 1<*;/NJ*;+ *5 =:34.1 *+/0134*;01
0*<-00*3,-1<-=-<18X*+20*G*0*3<;1;+@.*20*+<;3,*5,*5*560;1+20-,;4;-+1+
&&c
* 3-+ 1G1+/15 ,- G01<1++- ,1 39-7<-5.3;<189-C F*52=- <-3<0*/- ,*++1

0*1=;,1,* ,1+ =:34.1+ 31/.01;+O 2-,*5-+ G=14010 3-+ 5-,*03-+ ,;<;-3N0;-+ ,*
<-=-<18X*+<-5--FG-0,-==-<1/;-3+
;</;-310Zgg%
* 1 =*F;<-401G;1 * 1 /*05;3-401G;1 B.+<15O *5 R=/;51 13N=;+*O .51
5*/-,-=-4;1 ,- ,;+<.0+- ,*G;3;<;-31= 2101 ,10 <-3/1 ,1 *@.;J1=>3<;1 *3/0*
,*G;3;*3,.5*,*G;3;*3+^*+*-,;+<.0+-,*G;3;<;-31=*+/N31/.01=5*3/*20*+*3/*
*5 +;/.18X*+ 0*1;+ ,* <-5.3;<189-O <1B* /15BE5 S@.*=* @.* +* 20-2X* 1
,*G;3;0/*<3;<15*3/*1+21=1J01+,*B0.8107+*+-B0*1+,;G*0*3/*+2-++;B;=;,1,*+
*F;+/*3/*+7G0./-+,-4>3;-=;34.:+/;<-<-5.572101/*3/10-G*0*<*01=/*031/;J1+
J;NJ*;+S/01,;<;-31=+;3-3:5;1;3/*0=*F;<1=C
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3-+ ;52X*5 ,* B.+<107=D*+ - +*3/;,-% 1;3,1 @.* 1 =./1 +*W1 ;3*=./NJ*=O
J;+=.5B015-+31+5-,*031+G*0015*3/1+<-52./1<;-31;+A51;+*+2*<;G;<15*3/*
31 13N=;+* ,- .+- <-3<0*/- ,1 =:34.1 Y,1 ,;+/0;B.;89- * ,1 <-5B;3189- ,1+
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,*1<*0<105-73-+,-++*3/;,-+,1+21=1J01+%

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+;43;G;<1,- ,1 21=1J01 d}iC *5-+ ,*G;3;8X*+ ,* h<-;+1+i * h21=1J01+i

1210*<*0*531+<-3J*0+18X*+<-/;,;131+<-5<0;1381+2*@.*31+O3-+,;N=-4-+
,*+1=1,*1.=1O*5*3/0*J;+/1+W-031=:+/;<1+**510/;4-+<;*3/:G;<-+A*3/0*-./01+
G-051+ ,;+<.0+;J1+O -<.213,- =.410 ,* ,*+/1@.* *5 <-5.3;<18X*+ 31+ @.1;+
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<=N++;<1,*,;<;-3N0;-+/1=<-5-3-+120*+*3/1-+*//**Z7
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,*G;3;89-=*F;<-40NG;<1C
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- 131=;+10 - <-3W.3/- ,1+ ;3G-0518X*+ -G*0*<;,1+ 3-+ ,;G*0*3/*+

J*0B*/*+A;3/*0*++173-+J*0;G;<10-@.>*-@.13/-+*,;H+-B0*1*3/01,1I1\1/E
@.* 2-3/- -+ ,;<;-3N0;-+ 0*4;+/015 - +*3+- <-5.5 *-. /01H*5 ;3G-0518X*+
*+2*<:G;<1+_ B\ <-/*W10 -+ J*0B*/*+ 2101 1G*0;0 *5 @.* 5*,;,1 -+ 0*+2*</;J-+
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5 +:3/*+*O 3-++- -BW*/;J- E 131=;+10 - 20-40151 ,1+ ,;G*0*3/*+
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<-5 - ;3/.;/- ,* 1B0;410 1+ 21=1J01+O +;43;G;<1,-+ * *F20*++X*+ @.* 0*G=*/*5 1
3-++1E2-<1iC
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<-00*+2-3,*5 1 ,;<;-3N0;-+ +*51+;-=64;<-+O <.W1+ *3/01,1+ *+/9- -0413;H1,1+
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I.
A abelha um inseto que pica e faz mel.
II.
A abelha um inseto himenptero.
III.
Abelha um substantivo feminino.
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-++- -BW*/;J- 3*+/* *F*0<:<;- 5*/1=*F;<-40NG;<- E ,*+<0*J*0 1
5;<0-*+/0./.01 <-3<0*/1 ,* 1=4.3+ J*0B*/*+ /-51,-+ <-5- 15-+/01 <-5 -
-BW*/;J- ,* ,*20**3,*0 .5 21,09- ,*G;3;/60;- 2101 <1,1 /;2- ,* -B01 ,*
0*G*0>3<;1C
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U
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apicultura. [De ap(i)- + -cultura.] Substantivo feminino. 1. Arte de

criar abelhas para obteno de mel, cera, prpolis, etc.
[ APICULTURA. s.f. Arte de criar abelhas.
APICULTURA. Criao ou arte de criar abelhas. H diversas

interpretaes. Uns dizem que a cincia que trata da vida das abelhas,
estuda suas atividades, analisa seu comportamento, procurando
aperfeioar sua natureza e dirigir seus instintos para um trabalho
racionalizado, mais seguro, mais perfeito e lucrativo. uma mtua
colaborao entre o apicultor e as abelhas, estas com sua atividade
instintiva organizada. Aquele com sua inteligncia voltada para o
aprimoramento da espcie e a racionalizao do trabalho. Outros dizem
que a arte de criar abelhas visando a polinizao das flores e a
produo de seus produtos, etc., especialmente o mel. Mas todos
concordam que a nica atividade interessante e pode ser exercida
FRPR XP KREE\ RX H[SORUDGD HP HVFDOD FRPHUFLDO WRUQDQGR-se
lucrativa. o ramo da Agricultura que trata da criao racional
explorando economicamente seus produtos. [V. APICULTURA
MIGRATRIA e APICULTURA RACIONAL.]
&)&
*+/*20;5*;0-@.1,0-A/*5-+/0>+,;G*0*3/*+,*G;3;8X*+,1.3;,1,*=*F;<1=
h12;<.=/.01iC 5 <-5.5O -+ /0>+ ,;<;-3N0;-+ /01H*5 1 3-89- jj10/* ,* <0;10
1B*=D1+kk@.*<-00*+2-3,*2=*315*3/*1-+*3+-<-5.5%
5;<0-*+/0./.01 ,-
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,- +;43- U5-0G-=-4;1O <1/*4-0;1 40151/;<1= * 4>3*0-\ 13/*+ ,1 ,*G;3;89-
20-20;15*3/*,;/1C++1+;3G-0518X*++-B0*-+;43;G;<13/*O+-51,1+S,*G;3;89-
<-52=*5*3/10 h2101 -B/*389- ,* 5*=O <*01O 2062-=;+ */<Ci 2*05;/*573-+
,*20**3,*0 1 3-89- ,* 12;<.=/.01 <-5- jj.51 1/;J;,1,* *<-3]5;<1 @.* +*
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1G.389-,*;01=E5,13-89-20-J1J*=5*3/*WN<-3D*<;,12*=-<-3+.=*3/*C .1
5;<0-*+/0./.01 39- /01H 1+ ;3G-0518X*+ D;2*0*+2*<:G;<1+ * <-52=*F1+ 20620;1+
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3- 01+;= *+2E<;*+ 31/;J1+ ,* 1B*=D1+ +*5 G*009- 2*0/*3<*3/*+ S +.BG15:=;1
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0*G*0>3<;1 -. 2*=- 5*3-+ .51 0*5;++9- S *3/01,1 7 @.*
39-<-3+/1,1-B01C
[12*31+0*4;+/01 %
J*0B*/* 120*+*3/1,- 2*=-
/15BE5 3-+
+.020**3,*C
*++1 J*H 2*=1 G1=/1 ,* <-3<;+9- * 20*<;+9-C 1./-0 39- +* J1=*
,1+/E<3;<1+<=101+,*,*+<0;89--.,*G;3;89-=*F;<-40NG;<1C,*G;3;89-0*J*=-.7
&)r
+* .5 ,;+<.0+- <-5.5 1/01J*++1,- 2-0 -./01+ J-H*+C h 3+ ,;H*5 @.* E t%%%u
./0-+,;H*5@.*Et%%%u 1+/-,-+<-3<-0,15@.*tCCCuiC101,*G;3;0h12;<.=/.01i
- 1./-0 /0-.F* <-5- 2-++:J*;+ D;2*0]3;5-+ h10/*iO h<;>3<;1iO h1/;J;,1,*
<-5*0<;1=iO hD-BBZiO h015- ,1 40;<.=/.01iC 5B-01 /*3D1 13.3<;1,- 1
2-=;++*5;1 =-4- 3- ;3:<;- ,- J*0B*/* Yh DN,;J*0+1+;3/*020*/18X*+i\O -1./-0 39-
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<-5- .51 .3;,1,* =*F;<1= ,1 =:34.1 <-5.5C -0 -./0- =1,-O +.1 ,*G;3;89-
0*5*/* - =*;/-0 2101 -./0-+ ,-;+ /*05-+ 0*=1<;-31,-+A B1+/13/* *+2*<:G;<-+ ,1
N0*1I # * C 0*5;++9- 1
*++1+ .3;,1,*+ =*F;<1;+ <-52-+/1+A @.* ;3/*4015 1 51<0-*+/0./.01 ,-

<-5- *3/01,1+ ;3,*2*3,*3/*+O 39- 12*31+ *30;@.*<* 1 -B01 <-5- G1J-0*<* 1
<-520**3+9- +*5T3/;<1 ,- /*05- 2*=- <-3+.=*3/* ;3/*0*++1,- 3*++* ,-5:3;-
,-<-3D*<;5*3/-%
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[
abelha () [Do lat. apicula, por via pop.] Substantivo feminino. 1. Zool.
Designao comum s numerosas espcies de insetos himenpteros, apodeos,
que se alimentam de plen e nctar que coletam das flores. Apresentam dois
pares de asas membranosas, olhos simples e compostos, pelos na cabea e no
trax. O aparelho bucal composto por duas mandbulas e pela lngua, coberta de
pelos, que usada na coleta do alimento. H abelhas sociais, parasitas ou
solitrias. As sociais como, p. ex., a abelha-europeia, so as nicas que produzem
mel em abundncia; as solitrias, que constituem a maioria, s produzem o mel
necessrio para formar a bola de plen que servir de alimento s larvas.
ABELHA s.f. Inseto himenptero que vive numa colmeia. // Casinha de abelha,
que tem a forma dos alvolos: ponto (de tric) casinha de abelha.
- Vive em quase todas as partes do mundo, exceto perto dos plos Norte e Sul.
Existem dez mil espcies (tipos) de abelhas, mas apenas as abelhas-de-mel
produzem o mel e a cera que o homem utiliza. As abelhas so os nicos insetos
que produzem um alimento consumido pelo homem. Utiliza-se a cera dos ninhos
&))

das abelhas para fabricar produtos como velas e batons. Utiliza-se seu mel para
fazer doces ou para passar no po. Quando as abelhas voam de flor em flor, elas
ajudam tanto o homem como as plantas que elas visitam. Muitas frutas e verduras
acabariam se as abelhas no ajudassem a fertilizar as flores. As abelhas recolhem
o nctar e o plen das flores. Elas produzem o mel com o nctar e usam o mel e o
plen como alimento. Algumas pessoas tm medo das abelhas porque elas picam,
mas as abelhas s picam quando so afugentadas ou feridas. Como a maioria dos
outros insetos, as abelhas tm trs pares de patas e quatro asas. A abelha possui
uma bolsa no aparelho digestivo, chamada papo, na qual ela carrega o nctar para
o ninho. [Traz uma foto de abelha, um slideshow sobre insetos em geral, e muitas
outras informaes, organizadas nas seguintes subentradas: A COLNIA DA
ABELHA-DE-MEL; O NINHO; A RAINHA; AS OPERRIAS; OS
ZANGES; OS INIMIGOS; A VIDA DA ABELHA-DE-MEL; DO OVO
LARVA; O CRESCIMENTO DA RAINHA; O VO NUPCIAL; A
ENXAMEAO; A PRODUO DO MEL; A PRODUO DA CERA; A
COLA DA ABELHA, OU PRPOLIS; O CORPO DA ABELHA-DE-MEL;
OLHOS; AS ANTENAS; BOCA; ASAS; PATAS; FERRO; TIPOS DE
ABELHAS; APICULTURA; CLASSIFICAO CIENTFICA; FATOS
INTERESSANTES SOBRE AS ABELHAS.]
ABELHA. Designao comum dos insetos sociais da ordem Himenptero (que
tem quatro asas membranosas e nuas, ou dois pares de asas) da superfamlia
Apidae. Pertence classe dos insetos hexpodes (que tm 6 patas). Inclui vrias
espcies, sociais e subsociais. No interior do pas tambm chamada abelha
domstica ou abelha-do-reino, por ter sido inicialmente importada de Portugal. O
nome abelhas vem associado idia de mel. to forte esta segunda associao
de idias que Linaeus, o pai da nomenclatura zoolgica, a chama de Apis
mellifera. Nome tambm de uma constelao meridional.
Entretanto, a maioria sabe apenas trs coisas acerca das abelhas: picam, do mel
e fazem cera. O que concerne sua vida ntima, bem como o que diz respeito
sua atividade exterior, so simplesmente indecifrveis. Segredo da abelha.
Se certo saber algo ainda para averiguar e interpretar, na sociedade apcola,
verdadeiro j saber bastante a seu respeito. Numa colmia (enxame, famlia ou
colnia) existem trs castas de abelhas: rainha, operria e zango.
H uma variedade de tipos de abelhas sociais: os mamangs, do gnero Bombus;
Abelhas mellifonas [sic], desprovidas de ferro; Abelhas trigonas; Apis
melliferas com ferro. Para os apicultores, o tipo de grande importncia a
abelha do gnero Apis e espcie mellfera distribudas nas diversas raas a seguir:
urea ou italiana (Ligstica); Nigra ou alem, africana, crnica, caucsica e
mestia. [...]
Segundo o apicultor e estudioso Roberto I. Lespagnol a distribuio do trabalho,
entre as abelhas operrias numa colmia, a seguinte, de acordo com a idade:
[H um quadro de tarefas correspondentes aos dias de vida das abelhas, seguido
da observao: A abelha leva 320 horas de trabalho para produzir 1 kg de mel.]
As abelhas surgiram h mais ou menos 100 milhes de anos. Sua domesticao
to antiga quanto a existncia do homem. As abelhas no se contentam em darnos a doura do mel, os prstimos da cera virgem industria, a polinizao s
flores. Esses amveis insetos ainda fazem mais: trabalham pelo bem da
humanidade sofredora, fornecendo a matria da gelia real.
1 ,*G;3;89- =1/1O -B+*0J17+* - 0*<.0+- 1 G-05.=18X*+ 5*/1=;34.:+/;<1+

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&)c
O*jj
*+;43189-<-5.5,-+%%%kkA3-
A*J;,*3<;13,--G-<-;3;<;1=
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52-3/-*5<-5.5S+/0>+-B01++9-1+,*G;3;8X*+*3<;<=-2E,;<1+C
*
1<-0,-<-5131/.0*H1,- ,*G;3;*3,.5O-G-<-,1,*G;3;89-,*+=-<17+*,-3-5*
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%*W15-+1=4.51+,*=1+!
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9 ,*G;3;89-;3<=.+;J1Ijj2*0/*3<*S<=1++*,-+;3+*/-+D*FN2-,*+kk
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mel1 [Do lat. melle.] Substantivo masculino. 1. Substncia doce, nutritiva,

viscosa, marrom-amarelada, elaborada por vrias espcies de abelhas, a partir do
nctar das flores. 2. Suco espesso e doce que se extrai de certas plantas. 3. Fig.
Doura, suavidade: o mel de suas palavras. 4. Bras. Melado1 (4). [Pl.: meles e
mis.] Mel de dedo. Mel pouco doce. Mel de pau. Bras. O mel das abelhas
meliponneas uruu, jata e outras, que nidificam em ocos de rvores. [Cf. melde-pau.] Mel de toicinho. Bras. BA Mel feito com rapadura e toicinho, que os
garimpeiros, depois de lhe adicionarem farinha de mandioca, comem como
sobremesa. Mel de uruu. Bras. Mel fabricado pela abelha meliponnea uruu.
Mel silvestre. O que as abelhas fabricam pelo mato em colmeias naturais. Mel
virgem. O primeiro que se extrai dos favos. Ficar sem mel nem cabaa. Bras.
Fig. Ter prejuzo duplo, no conseguir nenhuma de duas coisas esperadas; nem
mel nem cabaa; perder o mel e a cabaa. Nem mel nem cabaa. V. ficar sem
mel nem cabaa&KXWHLD+LJLHQHSRUFDusa da Santa Casa e depois fui chutado
dessa. Nem mel nem cabaa." (Pedro Nava, Beira-Mar, p. 383.) Perder o mel e
&)l
[

a cabaa. Bras. V. ficar sem mel nem cabaa.

MEL s.m. Lquido doce e espesso fabricado pelas abelhas com o nctar das
flores. / Fig. Doura, suavidade: sorriso de mel. - O nctar um lquido fino e
aquoso que as abelhas sugam das flores e levam para as colmeias. Cada abelha
operria possui em seu corpo uma bolsa, chamada papo, em que armazena o
nctar que vai colhendo. Nessa bolsa, o acar e o nctar se decompem, por um
processo chamado inverso, em dois acares simples: a levulose e a dextrose.
Depois que depositam o nctar na colmeia, as abelhas trabalham para evaporar a
maior parte da sua gua, tornando o lquido mais espesso e transformando-o em
mel. A criao de abelhas para produo e comercializao do mel chama-se
apicultura. A cor do mel de abelhas depende das espcies de flores de onde
retirado o nctar, e pode variar do branco ao mbar escuro. Tambm o sabor
variado. Geralmente, os mis de cor clara tm sabor mais suave. O mel pode ser
vendido nos prprios favos (conjunto de compartimentos hexagonais, chamados
alvolos, que as abelhas constroem com a cera que tambm produzem), ou em
vidros e garrafas, depois de retirado dos favos. Quando no utilizado por muito
tempo, o mel pode formar partculas duras chamadas cristais. H quem prefira
consumi-lo nessa forma cristalizada.
No Brasil, existem muitas plantas nectarferas (que tm nctar) procuradas pelas
abelhas. Algumas so especificamente cultivadas pelos apicultores. As principais
so: angico-cascudo-do-cerrado, cafeeiro, cambar, cambar-de-carne, cambarde-lgua, cambar-guau ou assa-peixe, capixingui, espinho-de-cerca, eucalipto,
flor-das-almas ou maria-mole, fruta-de-pomba ou fruta-de-galinha, diversos tipos
de ing, jangada, laranjeira, lixa, sangue-de-drago ou urucurana, solidnea,
tipuana, vassourinha e tarum.
O mel um excelente alimento energtico, porque contm acares simples que
podem ser rapidamente aproveitados pelo organismo. Alm disso, contm
minerais, vitaminas, fermentos e oligoelementos de que o corpo necessita. O mel
difere quimicamente do acar da cana-de-acar, que tambm fonte de
energia. a nica forma de acar usado como alimento que no precisa ser
refinada. Muitos remdios contra a tosse e vrios laxativos contm mel de
abelhas. O mel pode ser usado para combater a indigesto, insnia e resfriado,
alm de ser importante na recuperao de convalescentes. Tem poder cicatrizante
e possvel us-lo em feridas.
Desde os tempos mais antigos, o mel tem sido um adoante muito procurado pelo
homem. Um desenho paleoltico encontrado numa caverna prxima a Barcelona,
na Espanha, mostra dois homens retirando mel de uma colmeia a uma altura de
aproximadamente 20 m, auxiliados por uma escada de corda. Esse detalhe faz
supor que, quela poca, j existiam "profissionais" da colheita de mel. No sc. V
a.C., o poltico grego Pricles escreveu que existiam vinte mil colmeias na tica.
Uma jarra de mel sobre a mesa j foi considerada sinal de grande fartura.
Segundo a Bblia, os judeus receberam a promessa de uma "terra em que corriam
leite e mel". Acredita-se que os antigos egpcios usavam mel nos
embalsamamentos.
A substituio do mel pelo acar branco (acar refinado e modificado por uma
srie de processos qumicos) pode ter sido uma das causas do maior
desenvolvimento de cries dentrias e, alm disso, o acar pobre em vitaminas
e sais minerais.
MEL. Produto alimentcio produzido pelas abelhas, a partir do nctar das flores
ou das secrees procedentes das partes vivas das plantas. Substncia viscosa,
doce, produzida unicamente pelas abelhas, digerida na vescula melfera e por
elas depositada nos alvolos dos favos. De acordo com a idade e a umidade do
favo, ele pode ser verde ou maduro.
&)g
O mel se apresenta em forma lquida, pastosa ou granulada (cristalizada). Aps

um perodo de maior ou menor durao e quando a temperatura ambiente baixa,
ele cristaliza. Todavia, quer sob uma forma, quer sob outra, ele sempre bom,
desde que seja puro. A cristalizao, no entanto, uma garantia de pureza para o
consumidor que tem ao adquiri-lo liquido.
Composto, principalmente de destrose e levulose, contm aproximadamente 17%
de umidade e, em porcentagens variveis de sacarina, sais minerais, vitaminas,
protenas, enzimas, etc. O mel o nctar concentrado e acrescido de enzimas.
De acordo com as definies, o mel um fludo doce e viscoso recolhido dos
nectrios das flores e transformado em alimento por vrias espcies de insetos,
especialmente pelas abelhas mellferas.
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,;+/;389-*3/0*D-5-3:5;1*2-=;++*5;1C51<0-*+/0./.01,-
120*+*3/11
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<-5B;31/60;1+ G0*@.*3/*+ 31 =:34.1A @.* +* <0;+/1=;H15 *5 =*F;1+ <-52-+/1+
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+*2101,15*3/* 1+ *3/01,1+ * C *+/0./.01 ,- J*0B*/* (
<-52-0/1 1;3,1 1<D*41+ 40151/;<1;+O 510<1+ 20145N/;<1+O *F*52=-+ *
1B-3189-,*.+-,1.3;,1,*=*F;<1=C
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5;<0-*+/0./.01O2-0E5OE+;52=*+C 9-12*31+,.1+=;3D1+,*,;<1,1+S21=1J01*
am ,*,;<1,1+ S <-;+1 *5 +;C N ;3G-05189- +-B0* 1 <1/*4-0;1 * - 4>3*0- ,1
21=1J01 Y+C5C\O +*4.;,1 ,* .51 ,*G;3;89- =*F;<-40NG;<1 <=1015*3/* D;2*0-3:5;<1
jj :@.;,- ,-<* * *+2*++- G1B0;<1,- 2*=1+ 1B*=D1+ <-5 - 3E</10 ,1+ G=-0*+kk
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*+/* J*0B*/*O 1+ ;3G-0518X*+ ,* 31/.0*H1 *F/01=;34.:+/;<1 ,*+J;15
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orgnico [Do gr. organiks, pelo lat. organicu.] Adjetivo. 1. Relativo a rgo, a
organizao, ou a seres organizados: vida orgnica; disposio orgnica. 2.

Relativo a, ou prprio de organismo: doenas orgnicas. 3. Arraigado
profundamente: inclinao orgnica. 4. Que ataca os rgos. 5. Que tem o
carter de um desenvolvimento natural, inato, em oposio ao que ideado,
calculado: um intelectual orgnico. 6. Qum. Pertinente ou prprio dos
compostos de carbono. [Contrape-se a inorgnico (3).] 7. Diz-se de alimento
produzido levando-se em conta os princpios da ecologia, ger. sem o emprego de
fertilizantes ou pesticidas sintticos. 8. P. ext. Diz-se de produto, processo ou
mtodo que respeita esses princpios; natural: agricultura orgnica. ~ V.
arquitetura a, crescimento , composto , doena a, lei a, leso a,
qumica a, rocha a, seiva a e solo .
[ ORGNICO adj. Que diz respeito aos rgos, organizao, a seres
organizados. / Qumica Molculas ou elementos orgnicos, as partes mais
simples dos corpos em que se pode obter uma diviso sem decomposio
qumica. / Inerente, profundamente arraigado. // Qumica orgnica, parte da
qumica que estuda os compostos do carbono, que trata das substncias
organizadas. // Lei orgnica, lei fundamental que organiza uma instituio de
direito pblico ou privado e cujo princpio j se encontra exarado na
Constituio.
MEL BIOLGICO OU MEL ORGNICO. Mel obtido em mata nativa ou

serrado, em regies onde no ocorre a utilizao de agrotxico nem uso de
remdios para tratamento da sade das abelhas. Com ausncia total de resduos
comprovado por anlises em laboratrios.
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=*F;<6401G- 2-,* -2/10 *3/0* /01B1=D10 <-5 ,.1+ *3/01,1+ +*2101,1+ 2*=1
-0413;H189- 1=G1BE/;<1 ,1 51<0-*+/0./.01 Y * \O <-5- +*
-B+*0J1 3-
A -. <-5 .5 +;+/*51 ,* *3/01,1 U V * +.B*3/01,1 U
\ @.* 2*05;/;0;1 G1<;=5*3/* 0*=1<;-310 1+ ,.1+ .3;,1,*+ =*F;<1;+O -.
1;3,1 <-5 ,.1+ *3/01,1+ ;3,*2*3,*3/*+ 31 51<0-*+/0./.01 U *
\O@.*G-;1+-=.89-1,-/1,13-
C

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2101 - ;3,;J:,.- <-5.5O /-,- 5*= ,* 1B*=D1+ +*0;1 2-0 ,*G;3;89- .5 5*=
-04T3;<-O -. +*W1O .5 20-,./- 0*+.=/13/* ,* .5 20-<*++- B;-=64;<- 31/.01=O
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1 *F20*++9- 120*+*3/1 +*3/;,- ,;J*0+- ,- +*3+- <-5.5% 2*+10 ,* +*0 .5
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0*5E,;-+ * 0*+:,.-+ @.:5;<-+C + 20-,./-+ ./;=;H1,-+ 31 140;<.=/.01
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1B*=D1+@.*J;+;/15G=-0*+,*<152-+140:<-=1+<.=/;J1,-+<-5140-/6F;<-+C

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0*J*=15*5*F20*++X*+@.**J;,*3<;1511.+>3<;1,*140-/6F;<-+O0*5E,;-+*
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5 +:3/*+*O -+ J*0B*/*+ ,-
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20-40151,*G;3;<;-31=,*h12;<.=/.01iO@.*+*=;5;/11.51,*G;3;89-=*F;<-40NG;<1
102
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31/.0*H1C 9- +* 0*<-3D*<* .5 20-40151 <-3+/13/* ,* ;3G-0518X*+ /1= <-5-
3-+0*<-5*3,1J1*Z7
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=*F;1 <-52-+/1 39- 1210*<* <-3/*52=1,1 <-5- *3/01,1 31 51<0-*+/0./.01 ,-
,;<;-3N0;-O 3*5 <-5- +.B*3/01,1 ,* O 3*5 <-5- +.B*3/01,1 ,*
C *=*5*3/- ,*G;3;,-0 h-04T3;<-i /15BE5 39- *3<-3/01 31
5;<0-*+/0./.01 ,- J*0B*/* .51 1<*289- 1,*@.1,1 1 0*<.2*010 -
+;43;G;<1,-,*++1.3;,1,*31=:34.1C

U&''&V ,;+/;34.*7+* ,1+ ,*51;+ -B01+ ,* 0*G*0>3<;1 *+<-=D;,1+
2-0 G;F10 ,*=;B*01,15*3/* 31 51<0-*+/0./.01 /13/- - ,-5:3;- ,- <-3D*<;5*3/-
<-5-1+<1/*4-0;1+40151/;<1;+%-3+/15,13-5*3<=1/.0112*31++.B+/13/;J-+
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*+2*0NJ15-+ ,* .5 ,;<;-3N0;- /*05;3-=64;<- .51 <-3G;4.0189- .5 2-.<-
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;;%
* 39- DN ,*G;3;89-O 39- DN ,;<;-3N0;-C ++1 J*0,1,* 120*3,*5-+

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<-3D*<;5*3/-+-0413;H1,-+*5-0,*51=G1BE/;<1('r%Ud7
A
%(gq(A2%rrO/01,.89-3-++1V%
;;;%
+ ,*G;3;8X*+ +9- <-3+/;/.:,1+ ,* 21=1J01+C 1+ 2101 1=E5 ,*++1

51/*0;1=;,1,* =;34.:+/;<1O - J*0B*/* 0*J*=17+* 15N=4151 *3/0* -
103
1 +*.=* ;3G-051/;-3 @.; *3 G1;/O +*=-3 3-.+O .3 ,;</;-331;0*O *+/ =1 ,EG;3;/;-3C ; =1 ,EG;3;/;-3
3*+/21+20E+*3/*O<*3*+/2=.+@..3*+-55*,*<-331;++13<*+<=1++E+1=2D1BE/;@.*5*3/C
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<-3D*<;5*3/- ,1 =:34.1 * - <-3D*<;5*3/- ,- 5.3,-% <0*,;/15-+

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Peruchi, Rosane Malus Gonalves
O Lxico da Apicultura e da Meliponicultura no Brasil : limites e
flexibilidade para sua fixao em um dicionrio terminolgico /
Rosane Malus Gonalves Peruchi 2014
446 f. ; 30 cm
Tese (Doutorado em Lingstica e Lngua Portuguesa)
8QLYHUVLGDGH(VWDGXDO3DXOLVWD-~OLRGH0HVTXLWD)LOKR)DFXOGDGH
de Cincias e Letras (Campus de Araraquara)
Orientador: Clotilde de Almeida Azevedo Murakawa
l. Lexicografia. 2. Abelha Criao -- Terminologia.
3. Enciclopdias e dicionrios. I. Ttulo.

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5 /-,-+ *++*+ <1+-+O 1 5.,1381 ,* <=1++* 40151/;<1=
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1B13,-3-U,*<-=5*;1Vs.m.
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1B,-5*s.m., % 1B,]5*3
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1B*=D1<-5G*009-s.f.; pl.1B*=D1+<-5G*009-A2-+%1B*=D1+*5
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1B*=D17,17/*001s.f.; pl.1B*=D1+7,17/*001A10%1B*=D17,-7<D9-O%/B%
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1B*=D17*.0-21s.f.; pl.1B*=D1+7*.0-21A10%1B*=D17*.0-2*;1A
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1B*=D174.;1s.f.; pl.1B*=D1+74.;1+*1B*=D1+74.;1A%0%,;J;+9-,*

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1B*=D17-0-21s.f.; pl.1B*=D1+7-0-21A%1B*=D17*.0-21
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1B*=D17+13D106s.f.; pl.1B*=D1+7+13D106+*1B*=D1+7+13D106A%
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1B*=D1/0*;31,1s.f.
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crr%
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crc%
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crQ%
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crq%
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crl%
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c)l%
<-=5*;1,*-B+*0J189-s.f.
c)g%
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cc'%
<-=5*;1,*/0-3<-s.f.
cc(%
<-=5*;1G-0/*s.f.,C<-=]3;1G-0/*
cc&%
<-=5*;1G01<1s.f.,C<-=]3;1G01<1
ccr%
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ccc%
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ccQ%
<-=5*;1[ ;4=1,*<-=5*;11.=--4.*;01*/-us.f.
ccq%
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ccl%
<-=5*;10*<*2/-01s.f.
ccg%
<-=5*;10R+/;<1s.f.
cQ'%
<-=5*;1B*0=T3,;1s.f.
cQ(%
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cQ&%
<-=5*;17;+<1s.f.; pl. <-=5*;1+7;+<1+A%<1;F17;+<1
cQr%
<-=5-s.m.
cQ)%
<-=]3;1s.f.
cQc%
<-=]3;11G0;<13;H1,1s.f.
cQQ%
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cQq%
<-=]3;1,*0*<0;1s.f.
cQl%
<-=]3;1,*+<*3,*3/*s.f.
cQg%
<-=]3;1*.0-2*;1s.f.
cq'%
<-=]3;17G;=D1s.f.
cq(%
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cq&%
<-=]3;1G01<1s.f.
cqr%
<-=]3;1D:B0;,1s.f.
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1<0-*+/0./.01,-
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cqc%
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cqQ%
<-=]3;1;3;<;1=s.f.,C<-=]3;1;3;<;1,-01
cqq%
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cql%
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cqg%
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cl'%
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cl(%
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cl&%
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clr%
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cl)%
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clc%
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clQ%
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clq%
<-=]3;1+;=J*+/0*s.f.
cll%
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clg%
<-=]3;1+.2*02-J-1,1s.f.
cg'%
<-=]3;1H13413*;01s.f., 10%<-=5*;1H13413*;01
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<-=-0189-s.f.,%0%<-0,-5*=
cg&%
<-=-0:5*/0-s.m.
cgr%
<-=H1s.f., N.cien. 01++;<1312.+ %A%0%G=-0112:<-=1
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cgc%
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<-52101,-0<-=-0;5E/0;<-,*G.3,s.m.
cgl%
<-52=*F-YJ;/15:3;<-\ s.m.,%0%<-52-+;89-@.:5;<1,14*=*;1

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cgg%
<-52-0/15*3/-s.m.
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<-52-0/15*3/-,*<-=*/1s.m.
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<-52-0/15*3/-,*,-5;3T3<;1s.m.
Q'r%
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Q')%
<-52-0/15*3/-,*+.B-0,;3189-s.m.
Q'c%
<-52-0/15*3/-,*G*3+;J-s.m.,10%<-52-0/15*3/-140*++;J-
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1<0-*+/0./.01,-
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Q'Q%
<-52-0/15*3/-D;4;>3;<-s.m.
Q'q%
<-52-0/15*3/-;3,;J;,.1=s.m., 2-+%<-52-0/15*3/-+-<;1=
Q'l%
<-52-0/15*3/-+-<;1=s.m.
Q'g%
-52-+;/1*s.p., <G%<-52-+/1+AC0CG=-0112:<-=1
Q('%
<-52-+/1+s.f.pl.
Q((%
<-52-+/-,*18R<10*+s.m.
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<-520*++-071+2;01,-0s.m.
Q(r%
<-5.3;<189-s.f.
Q()%
<-5.3;,1,* s.f.
Q(c%
<-3,;8X*+15B;*3/1;+ s.f.pl.
Q(Q%
<-3*,*/*=1s.m.,C0C51/*0;1=12:<-=1
Q(q%
<-3*6/;<-s.m.
Q(l%
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Q(g%
<-34*+/;-315*3/-s.m.
Q&'%
<-340*4189-,*H134X*+s.f.
Q&(%
<-3+134.;3;,1,*s.f.
Q&&%
<-3+/T3<;1G=-01=s.f.
Q&r%
<-3+/;/.;89-4*3-/:2;<1s.f.
Q&)%
<-3+.5;,-0s.m.
Q&c%
<-3+.5-s.m.
Q&Q%
<-3/15;3189-s.f.
Q&q%
<-3/0-=*,1/*52*01/.01s.m.,C/*05-00*4.=189-
Q&l%
<-3/0-=*,**3F15*14*5 s.m., %0%513*W-,*1B*=D1+
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<-3J*0+9-s.f.
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<-2.=10v.
Qr&%
<-0s.f.
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<-0,*-=D-s.f.
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<-0,-5*=s.f.
Qrc%
<-0189-s.f.,%0%5-0G-=-4;1
QrQ%
<-013/*s.m.
Qrq%
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r''
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51,*;017B
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513,14.10;7++*572
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513,.0;s.f., N.cien. *=;2-315104;31/1U *2*=*/;*0A(lrQVA10%

4.10.2.7,-75;R,-O513,.0;5A5;3,.0;A/1;2*;01
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513,.0;7,*751/-740-++-s.f., N.cien. *=;2-31-0B;43Z;Y.E0;3O

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513*W-s.m.
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513;2.=189-,1+<-=5*;1+s.f.
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513;2.=10v.
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513+;,9-s.f.
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513+-adj.
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513.1=,*12;<.=/.01s.m.
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513.+*10v.
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513.+*;-s.m.
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513./*389-,1/*52*01/.01s.f., %/B%D-5*-+/1+*,-3;3D-A
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5101<.WNs.m.
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510<1s.f.
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510<189-,*1B*=D1+s.f.
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510<189-,*<D*;0-s.f.
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510<189-,*01;3D1s.f.
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510;5B-3,-s.m.
()ql%
510;5B-3,-7<1J1=-s.m.; pl. 510;5B-3,-+7<1J1=-+
()qg%
510;2-+17,17<*01s.f.; pl. 510;2-+1+7,17<*01
()l'%
5105*=1,1U71510*=1VU7B01J1Vs.f.; pl. 5105*=1,1+71510*=1+7B01J1+A

N.cien.0;*+*-5*=;//1J10;1U *2*=*/;*0A(lrQVA10%513-*=7,1B0*.O
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1<0-*+/0./.01,-
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5105*=1,173*401s.f.; pl. 5105*=1,1+73*401+AN.cien.0;*+*-5*=;//1
+;=J*+/0;;U0;*+*A(g'&VA0;*+*-5*=;//1+;=J*+/0;;=134.;,1U-.0*A
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5100-5adj.2g.s.m.
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5N+<101s.f.
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51++1,*26=*3s.f.
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51/1s.f.
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51/17<-B01s.f.,%0%20*,1,-0*+31/.01;+
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51/*;0-s.m.
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51/*0;1=12:<-=1s.m.
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51/*0;1=,*<-5B.+/9-s.m.
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51/-s.m.
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51/0;Hs.f.
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51/.0189-,-5*=s.f.
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51/.0189-+*F.1=s.f.
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51/.0;,1,*+*F.1=s.f.
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51F;=10*+s.m.pl.
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(c')%
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5*=,*2;+U5*==;G*01V s.m.
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5*=,*=*<D*4.131s.m.
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5*=7,*721.s.m.; pl. 5E;+7,*721.A10%1B*=D17,-721.A1B*=D1

+;=J*+/0*
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5*=7,*7+12-s.f.; pl. 5E;+7,*7+12-AN.cien.0;4-31G.+<;2*33;+

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5*=,;=.:,-s.m.
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5*=G=-01=s.m.
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5*=4013.=1,-s.m.
(crr%
5*=;331/.01s.m.; pl. 5E;+;331/.01
(cr)%
5*==:@.;,-s.m.
(crc%
5*=51,.0-s.m.
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5*=5.=/;G=-01=s.m.
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5*=0*+;,.1=s.m.
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5*=4.*;01s.f., 10C1=81
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51/-740-++-
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513,181;1
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513,181;1
(cq(%
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(cqc%
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5.0;<;s.m., C0CG=-0112:<-=1
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3-+*51 s.f., N.cien. -+*51<*013*1A-+*5112;+P13,*0A%0%

21/-=-4;112:<-=1
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1 G-3/* ,* 1=;5*3/-C + 1B*=D1+ ;3,;<1,-01+ ,*2-+;/15 .51 4-/:<.=1 ,*
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2*=1+ 513,14.10;+ <0;1,1+ *5 5*=;2-3N0;-+C &%)% 5*= ,* 513,14.10;
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-;<D; % 1K1415; * -31=,- P.<<D; U(gQrA 2% c'cVA 2*+@.;+13,- 1
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,* 01;3D1+ 2-*,*;01+C ++*+ -J-+ +9- 4*01=5*3/* ,*J-01,-+ 2*=1 01;3D1
-.O -<1+;-31=5*3/*O 2-0 -./01+ -2*0N0;1+ tCCCu ++1+ 3-/NJ*;+ ,*+<-B*0/1+
,-+ 1./-0*+ <;/1,-+ 1<;51A 0*J-=.<;-31015 3-++-+ <-3D*<;5*3/-+ +-B0*
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1+5*+51+G.38X*+,1+-2*0N0;1+,* 2;+5*==;G*01I;3<.B189-,-+G1J-+O
/01B1=D-+<-5<*01O<.;,1,-<-51<0;1O=;52*H1,1<-=]3;1O,*+;,01/189-
,- 3E</10O 4.10,1 * G-0014*;01%
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,1+ -2*0N0;1+ @.* 1+ *F*<./15C r% 5 5*=;2-3N0;-+O 1+ 513,14.10;+7
1510*=1+ +9- <0;1,1+ 2101 G;3+ <-5*0<;1;+ *5 5.;/1+ 0*4;X*+ ,- 21:+ *
1,12/157+* B*5 1 <-=5*;1+ ,* 41J*/1+ 5*,;131+ <-5 @.1,0-+ ,*
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;+/0%4*-40%! A A A A % ?? h-5 0*=189- 1- 0*+.=/1,- ,-
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1B*=D1+ ,1 *+2E<;* % ,*2;==;+A @.* 1@.; ,*3-5;315-+ 513,14.10;7+*57
2*=-+A 20*G*0;015 1 ,;*/1 <-5 B-5 J1=-0 3./0;/;J-% +/-2-,* +*0*F2=;<1,-
2*=- G1/-,* @.* 1+ -2*0N0;1+ 0*<E57*5*04;,1+3*<*++;/15 ,* .51 G-3/*
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=:@.;,-+C &% 1,1 .5 ,-+ 12>3,;<*+O 1-+ 210*+O G;F1,-+ 31+ =1/*01;+ ,1
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1 5*+51 G-051 @.* 1+
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1<-3/*<* <-5 1+ 1B*=D1+ /0;4-31+ 1012.9O <-3D*<;,1+ <-5- 1B*=D1+7
<1<D-00-O @.* <-3+*4.*5 2*0G.010 1 <./:<.=1 ,-+ G0./-+ * -+ 3*</N0;-+A
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+-<;1;+ ;3,:4*31+O ,* Q 55 1 q 55 ,* <-520;5*3/-A @.* J;J*5 *5
<-=]3;1+ 2*@.*31+A ,* 12*31+ 1=4.51+ <*3/*31+ ,* ;3,;J:,.-+C r% +
513,.0;+3;,;G;<1520*G*0*3<;1=5*3/**5-<-+,*N0J-0*+1<;51,*)5,*
1=/.01**5210*,X*+,*/1;21C*3/01,1,-3;3D-=-<1=;H17+*3-<*3/0-,*
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5*=;2-3N0;-+A1+513,.0;+7,*751/-740-++-1,12/157+*S<-=5*;1,*
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<-=5*;1 S G-3/* ,* 1=;5*3/-O 51;+ 4-/:<.=1+ +9- ,*2-+;/1,1+C c% 26+ 1
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5*,;,1+ <-3/0N0;1+ S =*; 31/.01=O tCCCu *+/10*5-+ ,;13/* ,* .51 0*,.H;,1
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01;3D1+ +*=*<;-31,1+O 1=;5*3/189- *5 2*0:-,-+ ,* G-5*A +*<1A <D.J1A
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*F*0<;,1 <-5- -<.2189--.20-G;++9-_ =;,1C r% 01B1=D- 0*1=;H1,- <-5 1+
59-+_513;2.=189-A513.+*;-%??h5*=D-0;1,-5*;-15B;*3/*;52=;<1*5
5*=D-010 1+ /E<3;<1+ ,* 513*W-A .+10 <-=5*;1+ 1,*@.1,1+A <-5- 1
134+/0-/DA <0;10 01;3D1+ 4013,*+ U51;-0*+ @.* &(' 5;=;40151+VA <-=-<10
@.1,0-+ ,* <*01 5-=,1,1O <-3/0-=10 ,-*381+ * 20141+O 5*=D-010 - 21+/-
12:<-=1<-=-<13,-5-.0X*+,*<*0<1J;J-+Y<15B10NO<12;F;34.;O;34NO21.7
/*0017,17G-=D175*.,1A<13,*;1A*/<%VA;3/0-,.H;3,--.;3<0*5*3/13,-3-J1+
2=13/1+ 12:<-=1+ Y/0*J- B013<-O 15-0 141001,-\O 5*=D-013,- 1+ 5104*3+
,-+ 0;-+ Y;34NO <13*=*;01O W15B-=9-O .J1;1O */<C\ * <-3/0-=10 1+ 20N/;<1+ ,*
2.=J*0;H189- * 2-=J;=D15*3/- ,* 2*+/;<;,1+ 31 0*4;9-Ci Y[O f|z`C
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M'')A 2% ggV% h.;/1+ J*H*+- 513*W- G;<1 20*W.,;<1,- 2*=- G1/-,*1+
<-=5*;1+ *+/10*5 ;3+/1=1,1+ *5 =-<1;+ ,* ,;G:<;= 1<*++- tCCCuC *00*3-+
2=13-+A 3;J*=1,-+O +*<-+O <-5 152=-+ *+218-+ =;J0*+ *5 J-=/1 ,1+
<-=5*;1+AG1<;=;/15-513*W-,1+<-=5*;1+,.013/*10*1=;H189-,*20N/;<1+
,* 0-/;31 -. *F/0189- ,* 5*=Ci Y_ O f||sO 2C à\C h-5 1
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12;<.=/.01A - 513*W- 2-,* +*0 ,;J;,;,-*5 BN+;<- Y0*J;+9- ,* <-=5*;1+\ *
*+2*<;1;+O +*3,- - 20;5*;0- ,*+/;31,- S+ 18X*+ 0-/;3*;01+O @.* J;+15 -
1<-5213D15*3/- ,1+ <-=5*;1+A * -+ *+2*<;1;+ S+ 18X*+ *+2*<:G;<1+A
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<-=]3;1 .51 01;3D1 W-J*5O ,* B-1 @.1=;,1,* 4*3E/;<1 * <-5 4013,*
<121<;,1,* ,* 2-+/.01% r% 13*W- 12:<-=1 *+2*<;1=;H1,-O @.* *3J-=J*
<-3D*<;5*3/- * 5*/-,-=-4;1 2101 +*=*89- 4*3E/;<1O <0;189-A <-3/0-=* *
+.B+/;/.;89- ,* 01;3D1 <-5 - -BW*/;J- ,* -B/*0 <-=5*;1+ 51;+ 20-,./;J1+O
5*3-+ ,*G*3+;J1+O <-5 B-5 ;3+/;3/- D;4;>3;<- * B-1 +1R,*C 5 .5
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20-,./;J-,1+<-=]3;1+*O<-3+*@.*3/*5*3/*A,*5*=D-00*5.3*0189-2101
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513*W10A513.+*10% ??h12;<.=/-0;3;<;13/*A<-52-.<1+<-=5*;1+A5.;/1+
J*H*+ *F<*,* 31 G0*@.>3<;1 ,* 513;2.=189- ,1 <-=5*;1O - @.* 2-,*
1<1B10 20*W.,;<13,- - <0*+<;5*3/- ,- +*. *3F15*C ;,*1= EO 126+
;3+/1=1,1 3- =-<1= ,*G;3;/;J-A 513;2.=10 - 5:3;5- 2-++:J*= 1 <-=5*;1Ci
U^ A (ggQA 2% r&V% h 5B-01 1+ 5151341J1+ +*W15
3-051=5*3/*,6<*;+*513/*3D157+*@.;*/1+,*3/0-,1+41=*0;1+*3@.13/-
513;2.=15-+ -+ @.1,0-+O E +*520* B-5 2-,*0 /01B1=D10 /013@.;=- +*5 -
5*,- ,1 ,*+1401,NJ*= +.020*+1 ,* +*0 1/1<1,- 2-0 .51 5151341J1
*3G.0*<;,1iY _ O`bbfO2Cym\C &%1H*01=4-<-5
rq&

<.;,1,-A ,10 G-051^ 20*21010A /01B1=D10% ?? + 1B*=D1+ <-3+/0./-01+ -.
*34*3D*;01+ .+15 1+ 513,:B.=1+ 2101 513;2.=10 - 26=*3 * 151++10 1
<*01O @.13,- ,1 <-3+/0.89- ,-+ G1J-+Ci Y O f||yO 2C m|\C h <*01
=:@.;,1O +*<0*/1,1 2*=1+ 4=T3,.=1+O E <-=*/1,1 3-+ *+2*=D-+7,*7<*01 *
*3,.0*<*31G-051,*2=1<1+J;+:J*;+tCCCu2*031/013+G*0*12=1<121011+
513,:B.=1+ @.* 513;2.=15 1 <*01A <-5 1 1W.,1 ,1+ 2*031+ ,;13/*;01+A
21011<-3+/0.89-,-G1J-CiY A&''rA2%)&V%
()Qc%
513+1adj.f.vv(
(%1<:G;<1O/013@.;=1O,6<;=C&
&%51,1+@.1=;,1,*+,*.51
01;3D1+*=*<;-31,121011G.389-,*51/0;HCr
r%2-+%,*G*3+;J1A140*++;J1%
??h5;+<;4*3189-,*1B*=D1+1G0;<131+<-51+@.1/0-0181+WN*F;+/*3/*+
3-
01+;=O 1;3,1 39- +* *+/1B;=;H-. *5 /*05-+ <-52-0/15*3/1;+C N
*3<-3/015-+ 1B*=D1+ 0*=1/;J15*3/* 513+1+ *A -./01+ J*H*+A ,*+/1<15-+

<-5- 5.;/- ,*G*3+;J1+% i U A &'')A 2% (&V% + *=;2-31+
4*01=5*3/* +9- 1B*=D1+ 5.;/- 513+1+O 51+ *F;+/*5 <-=]3;1+ 140*++;J1+
<.W1+1B*=D1+B*=;+<1512*=***30-=157+*3-+<1B*=-+C-,*5/15BE5
,*2-+;/10 40.5-+ ,* 2062-=;+ +-B0* 1 2*=* * 1 0-.21 ,* ;3/0.+-+C ht%%%u
201/;<15*3/*/13/- G1H <D15101+ 2;+ 5*==;G*01+<./*==1/1 1@.;*F;+/*3/*+
,* 1G0;<131+ -. 1G0;<13;H1,1+C *5 5*+5- - *F/0*5- 2*0<.0+- ,* 9-
1.=- S -+/1 ;<1 h,;=.;.i 1 1=/1 2-0<*3/14*5 ,* 4*3*+ +<./*==1/1%
-3/.,-O 1 5*. J*0O D-.J* .51 +*=*89- 1 G1J-0 ,* .51 +<./*==1/1 51;+
513+1O *F<*/- 3- +*5;N0;,- ,- -0,*+/* tCCCu - 3-++- +*5;N0;,-O 1
+*=*89-1;3,1E1G1J-0,1140*++;J;,1,*O<-5-+*G1H31G0;<1O-3,*1+
<-=]3;1+51;+513+1++9-20*G*0;J*=5*3/*1+,*+/0.:,1+2*=-+5*=1,-0*+Ci
U7A(ggqA2%rl)V%
()QQ%
513+;,9-s.f.vv(
(%013@.;=;,1,*A+*0*3;,1,*%&
&%w3,-=*21<:G;<1A,-<;=;,1,*%
?? +/.,-+ ,- <-52-0/15*3/- <-5 J;+/1+ S +*=*89- * 5*=D-015*3/-
4*3E/;<- ,* 2;+ 2101 - <10N/*0 513+;,9- G-015 B*5 +.<*,;,-+% -
*3/13/-A - ;3/*0*++* ,-+ 12;<.=/-0*+ B01+;=*;0-+ *5 -B/*0 =;3D14*3+ 51;+
513+1+E<-3/0-J*0/;,-OWN@.*1,;5;3.;89-,1140*++;J;,1,*,1+1B*=D1+
<-00*+2-3,*. 1.5 1.5*3/-,- 0-.B-,*<-=5*;1+ *5 12;N0;-+Cr
r% 018-
,- <-52-0/15*3/- ,* 1B*=D1+ 0*<-3D*<;,- *5 2;+ ,* -0;4*5 *.0-2*;1
U2;+5*==;G*01<103;<1A 2;+5*==;G*01<1.<N+;<1A 2;+5*==;G*01=;4.+/;<1V *
rqr

31 51;-0;1 ,-+ 5*=;2-3:3*-+% )% 2-+% ,*G*3+;J;,1,*A 140*++;J;,1,*% ??
h-051=5*3/*O <1,1 12;N0;- E <-52-+/- ,* `b 1 yb <-=5*;1+C 5 <1,1
12;N0;-O +.B+/;/.*57+* 1+ <-=]3;1+ ;520-,./;J1+ 2-0 01;3D1+ <1.<1+;131+
U*5 H-31+ G0;1+V -. ;/1=;131+ U*5 H-31+ @.*3/*+V% -5 *+/* 21++-A
1.5*3/15-+ 1 J10;1B;=;,1,* ,1 2-2.=189-O *=;5;315-+ 4*3*+ 2101 5N
20-,.89- * ;3W*/15-+ 4*3*+ ,1 513+;,9-Ci Y[O f|z`C MbbaO 2C
((&V%
()Qq%
513.1= ,* 12;<.=/.01 s.m.vv B01,*G-051/-2*@.*3-O,* GN<;= 513.+*;-A

<-3/*3,- 3-8X*+ <;*3/:G;<1+ BN+;<1+O ,;0*/0;H*+ * /E<3;<1+ ,* 513*W-
*++*3<;1;+2101 +* <0;10 1B*=D1+% ?? h5 f|bsO - 0-G*++-05:=;- <D*3K
;52-0/1 01;3D1+ ;/1=;131+ ,1 =*513D1 * 2-+/*0;-05*3/* ,-+ +/1,-+
3;,-+A 2101 - ;- 013,* ,- .=% -3+;,*01,- - 1; ,1 2;<.=/.01
;-4013,*3+*O-0-G*++-05:=;- <D*3K,;+/0;B.;.01;3D1+;/1=;131+2*=-+
2*@.*3-+12;<.=/-0*+,-+.=,-21:+**+<0*J*..5 513.1=,*12;<.=/.01A
2;<.=/-0 01+;=*;0-CiY Of||yO2C`s\C

()Ql%
513.+*10 v. vv (% +10 1+ 59-+ 2101 5*F*0O 5-J*0O *F15;310 1=4-^
513*W10A 513;2.=10C h- 513.+*10 1+ <-=5*;1+ - 12;<.=/-0 ,*J* *J;/10
5-J;5*3/-+B0.+<-+A213<1,1+31+<1;F1+AB10.=D-*F<*++;J-*-.+-,*
2*0G.5*+O2-;+139--B+*0J189-,*+/*+2-3/-+;00;/11+1B*=D1+O/-0313,-7
1+51;+140*++;J1+CiY A%
%%^ PA
%%A&'')%M''gA2%
lcV%
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513.+*;- s.m%vv(%/--.*G*;/-,*513.+*10A,*2*410-.5-J*01=4-<-5

1+59-+_513*W-Ch9-+*,*J*50*1=;H100*J;+X*+*5,;1+,*<D.J1-.
<-5 3*B=;31C + 0*J;+X*+ ,*J*5 +*0 B0*J*+O *J;/13,-7+* - 513.+*;-
*F<*++;J-,1+<-=]3;1+CiU A%
%%^ PA
%%A&'')%M''gA
2%lcV%
()q'%
513./*389-,1/*52*01/.01 s.f.vv (%-3+*0J189-,-*@.;=:B0;-/E05;<-3-

;3/*0;-0 ,- 3;3D-_ /*05-00*4.=189-C &% 01B1=D- 0*1=;H1,- 2*=1+ 1B*=D1+
-2*0N0;1+ 2101 20*+*0J10 1+ <0;1+ *5 .51 G1;F1 ,* /*52*01/.01 ;,*1= 3-
;3/*0;-0 ,1 <-=5*;1O ;52*,;3,- @.* *=1+ *+G0;*5 -. @.* *=1+ 1@.*815 -.
0*++*@.*5O ,*J;,- 1- 1.5*3/- ,1 /*52*01/.01 * S @.*,1 ,1 .5;,1,*
0*=1/;J1,-10_D-5*-+/1+*,-3;3D-C9-+*,*J*20-<*,*01,;J;+9-,*
rq)

<-=5*;1+*5<-3,;8X*+<=;5N/;<1+,*+G1J-0NJ*;+C0*,.89-,-3R5*0-,*
-2*0N0;1+ 2-,* 1<100*/10 ,;G;<.=,1,*+ 31 513./*389- ,1 /*52*01/.01 ,1
<-=5*;1**3G01@.*<*01<-=]3;1C1+0*4;X*+G0;1+A0*<-5*3,17+*0*,.H;0-
1=J1,-,1+<-=5*;1+21011++*4.0101513./*389-,1/*52*01/.01;3/*031
* *J;/10 @.* 1+ 1B*=D1+ 1B13,-3*5 1 <-=5*;1% h 51 ,1+ 4013,*+
J13/14*3+*,*+1G;-+,-+;3+*/-+<-5-0413;H189-+-<;1=E1D-5*-+/1+*
,1<-=]3;1O-.513./*389-,1/*52*01/.01,-3;3D-*,*-./01+<-3,;8X*+
15B;*3/1;+ *5 3:J*;+ 0*=1/;J15*3/* <-3+/13/*+ 1 ,*+2*;/- ,1+ 1=/*018X*+
*F/*0;-0*+% i U A &''rA 2% (&lV% h G0;- *F<*++;J- 20*W.,;<1 -
,*+*3J-=J;5*3/-,1+<-=]3;1+O,*J;,-1-1=/-<-3+.5-,*5*=3*<*++N0;-
21011++*4.0101513./*389-,1/*52*01/.01;3/*031,1<-=5*;1A<-5;++-
012;,15*3/* +* ,N - *+4-/15*3/- ,1+ 0*+*0J1+ ,* 5*= tCCCui U A
%
%%^ PA
%%A&'')%M''gA2%g(V%
()q(%
513./*389- ,1+ <-=]3;1+ s.f. vv (% -B0*J;J>3<;1 ,1+ 1B*=D1+C &%
-3+*0J189- -. 20*+*0J189- ,1+ 1B*=D1+ 3- 12;N0;-C 5 2*0:-,-+ ,*
*+<1++*H,*N4.1O26=*3*3E</103131/.0*H1O,*J*7+*-B+*0J10-*+/-@.*
,*5*=3-+G1J-+,1+<-=5*;1+C **+/;J*0G1=/13,-5*=O-12;<.=/-0,*J*0N
G-03*<*0 1=;5*3/189- 10/;G;<;1= S+ <-=]3;1+ J;+13,- 1 +.B+;+/>3<;1 ,1+
1B*=D1+O-.+*W1O*J;/1015-0/*2-0;313;89--.12*0,1,1+<-=]3;1+2-0
*3F15*189- 1/E - ;3:<;- ,1 206F;51 G=-01,1 31 0*4;9- ,- 12;N0;-C ./01+
18X*+ ,- 513*W- ,* 513./*389- ,1+ <-=]3;1+ ;3<=.*5 G-03*<;5*3/- ,*
N4.1O 20-2;<;10 +-5B0*15*3/- * B-1 J*3/;=189- ,1+ <-=5*;1+O 1,*@.10 -
*+218-,1<-=5*;11-/1513D-,-*3F15*O5;40101+<-=5*;1+2101N0*1+
-3,* *F;+/1 1=4.51 G=-01,1% ,*+<.;,- 31 513./*389- ,1+ <-=]3;1+
0*+.=/1 31 2*0,1 ,* 1B*=D1+O ,;5;3.;89- ,1 20-,.89- ,- 12;N0;- *O
<-3+*@.*3/*5*3/*A ,-+ =.<0-+ ,- 12;<.=/-0% h t%%%u ,*J*7+* =*5B010 @.*
G=-01,1+ 2*@.*31+A 5*+5- @.13,- <-3+/13/*+ 3- ,*<-00*0 ,- 13-O 39-
/>5 4013,* J1=-0 12:<-=1 3- +*3/;,- ,* 20-,.89- ,* 5*=C 9-
;3/*0*++13/*++-5*3/* <-5- 513./*389-,1+ <-=]3;1+C 10120-,.89-O-
@.* ;3/*0*++1 1- 12;<.=/-0 +9- 1+ 4013,*+ G=-01,1+Ci Y_ O
(ggQA 2% &rV% h 20-,.89- ,* 21<-/*+ ,* 1B*=D1+ E 2-.<- <-3D*<;,1 ,-
12;<.=/-0 B01+;=*;0-C - *3/13/-O *5 0*4;X*+ ,* <=;51 /*52*01,-O -3,* 1+
rqc

B1;F1+/*52*01/.01+,-;3J*03-,;G;<.=/15**3<10*<*51513./*389-,1+
<-=]3;1+O-.+-,*21<-/*,*1B*=D1+E5.;/-<-5.5CiY_O
(ggQA2%gQV%
()q&%
5101<.WNs.m.vv(
(%=13/1/0*21,*;01,-4>3*0- 1++;G=-01U1++;G=-01+22%A
1++;G=-01 *,.=;+ G% G=1J;<1021V^ 5101<.W1H*;0-% &% 0./- ,- 5101<.W1H*;0-^

G0./- <-5*+/:J*=O ,*20-20;*,1,*+ <1=513/*+O.+1,-3- 20*210-,* +.<-+O
,-<*+ * 5*,;<15*3/-+C - 2*0:-,- ,* G=-01,1O 1 20*+*381 ,* 1B*=D1+
5151341B1+ E ;3,;+2*3+NJ*= <-5- 20;3<;21= 14*3/* 2-=;3;H1,-0 ,-
5101<.WNC 5 2=13/;-+ <-5*0<;1;+O 1 20-,.89- ,* 5101<.WN+ <D*41 1
1.5*3/10 zbb @.13,- 1 2-2.=189- ,* 5151341B1+ E 1,*@.1,1
Y15;==-O f||s\C /1513D- ,1 2-2.=189- ,* 5151341B1+ ,*/*05;31 1
=.<01/;J;,1,* ,- <.=/;J-O .51 J*H @.* 1+ G=-0*+ 39- 2-=;3;H1,1+ 2*=1+
1B*=D1+ +*09- 2*0,;,1+O -. +*0N 20*<;+- <-3/01/10 59- ,* -B01 2101
0*1=;H10 1 2-=;3;H189- 513.1= ,- 5101<.WNA1.5*3/13,--+ <.+/-+ <-51
=1J-.01*,;5;3.;3,-15104*5,*=.<0-,-20-,./-0%
()qr%
510<1 s.f. vv (% ;31= @.* +* G1H *5 .51 1B*=D1 2101 ;,*3/;G;<N7=1
012;,15*3/* 31 <-=5*;1 -. 3- 15B;*3/*% & % +51=/*A /;3/1 ,.<-A 1,*+;J-
2=N+/;<-<-=-0;,-*?-.3.5*01,-@.*+*12=;<13-/601F,*.511B*=D12101
G1<;=;/10-+*.0*<-3D*<;5*3/-C26+1;3+*5;3189-O101;3D10*<*B*.51
510<1 2101 39- +*0 <-3G.3,;,1 <-5 1+ 01;3D1+ 39- ;3+*5;31,1+O *
/15BE5 2101 - <-3/0-=* ,- 3R<=*-C 1+ 2;+A *++1 510<1 2-,* +*0 G*;/1
<-5/;3/1-.<-0/13,-7+*.51+*4.3,11+1C9-+*1<-3+*=D1<-0/1011+1
,*5*=;2-3:3*-+2-0@.*+.1+01;3D1+G1H*5;3/*3+1<-5.3;<189-2-0+-3+
14;/13,-1+1+1+Ch18-1+510<1+3-,-0+-,-/601F,1+01;3D1+O-.+*W1O
3-5*/13-/.5%20*<;+-*F/0*5-<.;,1,-210139-2;3/10-./01+210/*+,-
<-02- ,1 01;3D1O - @.* 2-,*0;1 =*+N7=1 +*0;15*3/*Ci Y7A
(ggqA2%&&&V%
()q)%
510<189- ,* 1B*=D1+ s.f% vv (% 13*W- 12:<-=1 2101 510<10O ;,*3/;G;<10 *
-B+*0J10 1+ 1B*=D1+% &% +/01/E4;1 ,* ;,*3/;G;<189- ,* 1B*=D1+ <-5
3R5*0-+2=N+/;<-+-./;3/1,*+*<14*50N2;,1O12=;<1,-+3-,-0+-,-/601FC
+/E<3;<1+,*510<189-,*1B*=D1+2101-*+/.,-,-<-52-0/15*3/-*
B;-=-4;1 2-,*5 +*0 <-52=*5*3/1,1+ 2-0 /E<3;<1+ ,* 01,;-/*=*5*/0;1 @.*
rqQ

2*05;/*51<-5213D101+/01W*/60;1+,*J--,1+1B*=D1+CC/BC01+/0*;-,*
1B*=D1+CC0C513*W-12:<-=1C
()qc%
510<189-,*<D*;0-s.f.vv(
(%E/-,-,*<-5.3;<189-*3/0*1B*=D1++-<;1;+
1,.=/1+%&
&% ;+/*51,*-0;*3/189-R3;<-*5,;J*0+1+*+2E<;*+,*1B*=D1+7
+*57G*009- 2101 ,*/*05;310 1 =-<1=;H189- * 1 ,;+/T3<;1 ,* .51 G-3/* ,*
N4.1-.1=;5*3/-%??+;+/*51,* 510<189-,*<D*;0-E.51,1+G-051+
51;+ *G;<;*3/*+ ,* <-5.3;<189- *3/0* 1+ 1B*=D1+C -381=J*+ Yf|s|\
,*5-3+/0-. @.* sz ,1 ;3G-05189- 1<-3/*<* 2-0 5*;- ,1 510<189- ,*
<D*;0-*mmO2-05*;-,1,1381CC/BC<-5.3;<189-O,1381,1+1B*=D1+O
/0;=D1,*<D*;0-%
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510<189- ,* 01;3D1 s.f. vv (% 0-<*,;5*3/- 2101 =-<1=;H10A 012;,15*3/*A 1
01;3D13-;3/*0;-0,1<-=5*;1*;,*3/;G;<107=D*1;,1,*%&
&%2=;<189-,*/;3/1
-. ,;+<- 1,*+;J- <-5 1+ <-0*+ ,- <6,;4- ;3/*031<;-31= -. 3R5*0-+ 3-
/601F ,1 1B*=D1701;3D1% ?? 101 0*1=;H10 1 510<189- ,* 01;3D1A - 12;<.=/-0
,*J* /*0 - <.;,1,- ,* =1J10 B*5 1+ 59-+ <-5 N4.1 * +1B9- *3/0* .51
510<189-*-./01210139-/013+G*0;0-+G*0-5]3;-+,*.5101;3D121011
-./01O 2-;+ 1+ -2*0N0;1+ 2-,*09- 51/N7=1 +* 39- 1 0*<-3D*<*0*5 2*=-
<D*;0-<101</*0:+/;<-C*<-5*3,17+*.+1015*+51/;3/121012;3/10JN0;-+
2-3/-+ ,- ;3/*0;-0 ,1 <-=5*;1 2101 @.* /-,1+ 1+ 1B*=D1+ ,1 <-=]3;1
D1B;/.*57+* 1- <D*;0- * 1<*;/*5 51;+ G1<;=5*3/* 1 01;3D1 ,*2-;+ ,*
510<1,1CC/BC<6,;4-,*<-0*+21011510<189-,*01;3D1+C
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510;5B-3,- s.m. vv (%

*+;43189- ;520*<;+1 ,1,1 1 5.;/-+ ;3+*/-+
D;5*362/*0-+ ,1 G15:=;1 ,-+ J*+2:,*-+O +-<;1;+ -. +-=;/N0;-+C &% 3+*/-
<103:J-0-O 20*,1,-0O ,-/1,- ,* G*009-^ J*+21% + ,.1+ 20;5*;01+
<101</*0:+/;<1+ ,;G*0*5 - 510;5B-3,- ,1+ 1B*=D1+A @.* +* 1=;5*3/15
4*01=5*3/* ,* 26=*3 * 5*=C h3/0* -+ 510;5B-3,-+ -. J*+21+ +-<;1;+
51;+<-5.3+A-+-=ZB;;31**-+-=;+/;31*A@.*G1H*53;3D-,*<10/9-3-+
B*;01;+,-+ /*=D1,-+O1210*3/*5*3/* 39- 1/1<15 1+ 1B*=D1+O2*=- 5*3-+
1@.; 3- +/1,- ,* 9- 1.=-C tCCCu ./0-+ 510;5B-3,-+O 2-0E5O 51/15
5.;/1+ 1B*=D1+ ;3,:4*31+Ci Y7A (ggqA 2% rl&7rlrV% r%
*+;43189- <-5.5 ,1,1 S+ 1B*=D1+ 5151341B1+^ 5151341B1%

10;5B-3,-+*5151341B1+120*+*3/15<101</*0:+/;<1+5-0G-=64;<1+@.*
rqq

-+ 120-F;515 * W.+/;G;<15 1 <-3G.+9-I 15B-+ +9- ;3+*/-+ 0*=1/;J15*3/*
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510;5B-3,-7<1J1=-s.m. vv(
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?? + 510;5B-3,-+7<1J1=-+ <-+/.515 3;,;G;<10 +-B 1+ <-=5*;1+ ,*
5*=;2-3:3*-+C 5B-01 - 12;<.=/-0 G;@.* +.W*;/- 1 G*00-1,1+O +.1 20*+*381
2-,* 20-/*4*0 1+ <-=5*;1+A ,*G*3,*3,-71+ <-3/01 ;3+*/-+ ,13;3D-+ *
-./0-+ 20*,1,-0*+% Gram. var.ort.pl.: 510;5B-3,-+7<1J1=-+A 510;5B-3,-+7
<1J1=-%
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510;2-+17,17<*01 s.f. vv (% -0B-=*/1 ,* DNB;/-+ 3-/.03-+ @.* D1B;/1 *
,13;G;<1-3;3D-,1+1B*=D1+%&
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G1J-+,1<-=5*;1C510;2-+1G>5*1/*5,*ff1f`55,*<-520;5*3/-C
?? hF;+/*5 1=4.3+ G1/-0*+ @.* 2-,*5 ,13;G;<10 1 <*01 ,.013/* 1 +.1
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510;2-+17,17<*01i% UÂ (ggQA 2% lQV% h 1/1@.* ,1+ /0181+
<-5*81@.13,-1G>5*1,1510;2-+17,17<*011,.=/1G1H2-+/.01,-+-J-+
3-+G1J-+A*515B;*3/*+51;+*+<.0-+%+=10J1+0*+.=/13/*+1=;5*3/157+*
,1<*01O20*G*0*3<;1=5*3/*,1<*01J*=D12-0*+/1<-3/*00*+/-+,*26=*3*
-./0-+ 3./0;*3/*+%i U A [%%^ A
%A &'')% M''gA 2% (cgV%
Gram. pl.:510;2-+1+7,17<*01CC/BC/01817,17<*01%
()l'%
5105*=1,171510*=1U7B01J1V s.f. vv (% U2;,1*A *=;2-3;31*V 0;*+*-5*=;//1
J10;1 U *2*=*/;*0A (lrQV^ 10% 513-*=7,1B0*.O 5;4.*=7,*7B0*.O 513E7,*7

1B0*.A B0*.&% &% B*=D1+ +-<;1;+A ,* <-52-0/15*3/- B1+/13/* ,*G*3+;J-%
0-/*4*57+*O ,*2-+;/13,- 2062-=;+ +-B0* - ;3J1+-0 * G*<D13,-
012;,15*3/* 1 *3/01,1 ,- 3;3D-% r% ;,;G;<15 *5 -<-+ ,* N0J-0*+O
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,*G*3,*0 - 3;3D-C 5 5*=;2-3N0;-+O 1+ 5105*=1,1+71510*=1+7B01J1+
1,12/157+* 1 <-=5*;1+ 01<;-31;+ ,* /1513D- 5*,;13-A +*5 @.1,0-+ ,*
1.5*3/-% )% + -2*0N0;1+ ,* 5105*=1,171510*=17B01J1 3.3<1
,*+*3J-=J*5 -JN0;-+C -++.*5 01;3D1+ 4013,*+O 51+ 39- <-3+/0-*5
rql

<E=.=1+0*1;+C1;3D1+O51<D-+*-2*0N0;1++9-<0;1,-+3-5*+5-/;2-,*
<E=.=1C-,*5O<-3/.,-O<0;1001;3D1+1210/;0,*=10J1+3-J1+,*1B*=D1+7
-2*0N0;1+C*++*<1+-O.51=10J1,*-2*0N0;12*0G.01*;3J1,*1<E=.=1,*
<0;1J;H;3D1A12-++13,-7+*/13/-,-*+218-<-5-,-1=;5*3/-C20E72.21
/*<* *3/9- .5 h<1+.=- 0*1=iO .3;G;<13,- 1+ ,.1+ <E=.=1+ ,* <0;1O ,* -3,*
*5*04*13-J101;3D1%h *4.3,-<E=*B0*,*+<-B*0/1,* <D;01<DO1 2;+
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*-0;<15*3/* ;++- +*0;1 2-++:J*= 1 /-,-+ -+ 5*=;2-3:3*-+C -3/.,-O 2*=-
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5105*=1,171510*=1 -. B0*. U0;*+*-5*==;/1 J10;1\ 2-,*5 G1H*0 /1= <-;+1Ci
U7A(ggqA2%&&QV%c
c%0-,.H*55*=51;+,*3+-@.*-,*
2;+ 5*==;G*01 * - ,*2-+;/15 *5 2-/*+ -J-;,*+A ,* (Ac <5 ,* 1=/.01%
3-5* h5105*=1,1i 1,JE5 ,*++1 <101</*0:+/;<1 ,- 5*=A +*5*=D13/* 1-
,-<*21+/-+-A,*5105*=-%C/BC5-817B013<1%
()l(%
5105*=1,173*401 s.f. vv (% U2;,1*A *=;2-3;31*V% 0;*+*-5*=;//1 +;=J*+/0;;

U0;*+*A (g'&VA 0;*+*-5*=;//1 +;=J*+/0;; =134.;,1 U-.0*A (gg'V^ 10%
5105*=1,1720*/1A 5-<;3D1720*/1% &% B*=D1+ +-<;1;+ ;3,:4*31+O ,*
2-2.=189-5E,;1Cr
r%;,;G;<15*52*@.*3-+-<-+%*3/01,1,-+3;3D-+E
0*+;3-+1 *O ;3/*0315*3/*O 39- +* -B+*0J1 ;3J6=.<0-C + 3;3D-+ ,*
5105*=1,173*401120*+*3/15G1J-+,*<0;1*5<1<D-<-52-.<1+<E=.=1+O
2-/*+<;=:3,0;<-+21011051H*310-26=*3*2-/*+100*,-3,1,-+2101-5*=C
-,* D1J*0 <T5101+ 0*1;+O <E=.=1+ *+2*<;1;+ -. 2-/*+ J1H;-+ 2101 -
120;+;-315*3/- -. 0*GR4;- ,* 01;3D1+ J;04*3+C 5 5*=;2-3N0;-+O 1+
5105*=1,1+73*401+ ,*+*3J-=J*57+* B*5 *5 <-=5*;1+ 01<;-31;+
2*@.*31+% )% 5 *+/.,-+ ,* =1B-01/60;-O -B+*0J-.7+* @.* 1+ 1B*=D1+
-2*0N0;1+ ,* 5105*=1,173*401 39- ,*+*3J-=J*5 +*.+ -JN0;-+O +*W1 31
20*+*381 -. 31 1.+>3<;1 ,1 01;3D1C + 51<D-+ G-015 J;+/-+ 12*31+
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c%
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3*401VA G-; *+/.,1,1 +-B ,;J*0+-+ 1+2*</-+ t%%%u + ,1,-+ -B/;,-+
G-03*<*015 .5 4013,* 3R5*0- ,* ;3G-0518X*+ +-B0* 1 B;-3-5;1 ,*+/1
*+2E<;*C 210/;0 ,1 13N=;+* ,-+ 0*+.=/1,-+O % =134.;,1 G-; <-3+;,*01,1
rqg

*+2*<;1=;H1,1*5JN0;1+<101</*0:+/;<1+B;-=64;<1+/1;+<-5-I10@.;/*/.01,-
3;3D-A<-18X*+01;3D17-2*0N0;1+O20-<*++-,*2-+/.01O20-,.89-,*01;3D1
* *+/*0;=;,1,* 2*0513*3/* ,1+ -2*0N0;1+Ci Y O f|y|C MbbfO 2C
rlrV%
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5105*=*;0- s.m. vv (% 0J-0* 2*@.*31O ,1 G15:=;1 ,1+ 0-+N<*1+O @.*
120*+*3/1 015-+ *5 G-051 ,* =-341+ J101+A 20-21417+* 2-0 +*5*3/*+ *
<.W- G0./- E - 5105*=- YZ0.+ <;,-3;1A ;33*.V% &%
*+;43189- <-5.5 1
,;G*0*3/*+ *+2E<;*+ ,* 2=13/1+ 3*</-2-=;3:G*01+ <-5- - 0-/-3
W1<-B;3*3+;+A2=13/1,1<11/;341@.*G=-0*+<**3/0*-+5*+*+,*G*J*0*;0-*
1B0;=A * ;,-3;1 J.=410;+A 2=13/1 20*+*3/* 3- ;- 013,* ,- .=A <-5
G=-0189-,*-./.B0-1,*H*5B0-*<-3<*3/0189-,*3E</10;4.1=1mfC
G=-0189- ,- 5105*=*;0- +*0J* <-5- 2-3/- ,* 12-;- 2101 1 12;<.=/.01
5;401/60;13--0,*+/*O2-;+-5*=,1G=-0,- 5105*=*;0-/*54013,*J1=-0
<-5*0<;1=Ch.*5J;J*3-+*0/9-,;./.0315*3/**-B+*0J11/*3/15*3/*1+
G=-01,1+*1+1B*=D1+,;+/;34.*2*0G*;/15*3/*-+5E;+CCC*-+120*<;11++;5
S J-3/1,*C N 2*=- +.= 2-,* +*0 - 5*= ,* 1++172*;F*O 1@.; E - ,*
<1/13,.J1A5105*=*;0-A5-G.5B-$*F<*=*3/*iY O`bbsO2C|x\C
()lr%
5105*=- s.m. vv (% UZ0.+ <;,-3;1A ;33*.V 0./- ,- 5105*=*;0-^ G0./-
<103-+-O 1510*=-O N<;,- * 1,+/0;34*3/*O 5.;/- .+1,- 3- 3-0,*+/* 3-
20*210-,*,-<*+%&
&%105*=*;0-%%5105*=*;0-%
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5100-5 s.m. vv (% <-0 ,1 <1+<1 ,1 <1+/13D1^ <1+/13D-% ?? h+ 1B*=D1+
;00;/157+*<-5-,-0*+G-0/*+%9-/-=*015/15BE5<-0*+*+<.01+A<-5--
1H.=*+<.0-A-20*/-*-5100-5%iU A(gglA2%('(V%h<-0,-5*=,*
W13,1:01 J10;1 B1+/13/* <-3G-05*1+ G=-0*+I ,*+,* - 5100-51/E -B013<-
tCCCuiY O`bbsO2C|x\Cadj.2g.&
&%.*/*5*++1<-0%??h2062-=;+
51;+ B*5 1<*;/1 <-5*0<;1=5*3/*1/E1 2.B=;<189-,*+/* =;J0- E 12062-=;+
,* <-0 J*0,* tCCCu -+ 2*,18-+,* <-0 J*0,* * ,*/;2- f +*09- <=1++;G;<1,-+
<-5-/;2-%+2*,18-+,*/-3+5100-3+A20*/-+-.5100-57*+J*0,*1,-+
+*09-+*2101,-+*<=1++;G;<1,-+<-5- /;2- %iU A&''QA2%grV%r
r%-0
U,*-=D-V;3,;<1,-01,1G1+*,*,*+*3J-=J;5*3/-,12.21%5 %5*==;G*01A
5100-5(),;1+^*5%@.1,0;G1+<;1/113/D;,;-;,*+A5100-5r(,;1+%??h
+ -JN0;-+ 120*+*3/15O ,.013/* - ,*+*3J-=J;5*3/- ,* 2.21O ,.1+
rl'

5.,1381+31G-051,-*+/N4;-,*2.21,*-=D-B013<-21012.21,*-=D-
0-+1 * ,*+/* 2101 2.21 ,* -=D- 5100-5Ci Y Yf|ya\C MbbfO
(gg&A2%)c'V%%/B%2.21,*-=D-5100-5%
()lc%
5N+<101 s.f. vv (% 10/* ,1 ;3,.5*3/N0;1 ,- 12;<.=/-0 2101 1 20-/*89- ,1
<1B*81*,-0-+/-CC<D12E.C&
&%*=15;=;5E/0;<1O-.JE.,*/*<;,-5.;/-
G;3-O@.*/0*+21++11<-21,-<D12E.O12-;13,-7+*+-B0*+.11B1A.+1,1
21011<-52=*/120-/*89-,-0-+/-*,-2*+<-8-O*21012*05;/;01J;+9-,-
12;<.=/-0% ?? + 1B*=D1+ ;00;/157+* <-5 1 0*+2;0189- D.5131 * - 2;+<10
<-3/:3.- ,* 3-++-+ -=D-+O 2-0 ;++- 1/1<15 20*G*0*3<;1=5*3/* - 0-+/- ,-
12;<.=/-0C N 3- 5*0<1,- ,;G*0*3/*+ 5-,*=-+ ,* 5N+<101 2101 - 513*W-
+*4.0- ,*1B*=D1+C + 51;+ ./;=;H1,1+ +9-1+ /*=1+,* 3Z=-3 <;3H1 *+<.0-
-. 20*/-C N /15BE5 5N+<101+ <.W1 210/* G0-3/1= E G*;/1 ,* /*=1 5*/N=;<1
2;3/1,1,*B013<-2-0G-01*,*20*/-2-0,*3/0-2101G1J-0*<*01J;+9-*1
+*4.01381,-12;<.=/-0C
()lQ%
51++1 ,*26=*3s.f. vv(

(% -=- 51=,;4*0;,- ,* 409-+ ,* 26=*3*210/:<.=1+
51;-0*+ @.* rA G-051,- 3- 20-J*3/0:<.=-C ?? .13,- ;34*0;,-O - 26=*3
21++1 012;,15*3/* ,1 J*+:<.=1 5*=:G*01 2101 - J*3/0:<.=-O -3,* -<-00* 1
,;4*+/9-C51++1,*26=*31-+*0/013+G*0;,12101-J*3/0:<.=-E*3J-=J;,1
2-0.515*5B01312*0;/06G;<1*2*0513*<*3-=R5*3,*++*6049-O+.W*;/1
S189-,1+*3H;51+,;4*+/;J1+2-0/0>+1,-H*D-01+13/*+,*21++102101
-;3/*+/;3-5E,;-C10CB-=-,*26=*3C&
&%1++1,*1=;5*3/-,*<-3+;+/>3<;1
G;05**39-21+/-+1OG-051,12*=-<-3W.3/-,-+409-+,*26=*3<-=*/1,-+*
,*2-+;/1,-+ *5 .5 2-/* -. 3- G.3,- ,1+ <E=.=1+ ,* <0;1% 51++1 ,*
26=*3 E .5*,*<;,1 <-5 4-/:<.=1+ ,* 3E</10 * 513;2.=1,1 2*=1+ 1B*=D1+
1/E 1++.5;0 - G-051/- ,* .51 B-=1 -J1=1,1 * =;+1O +-B0* 1 @.1= 1=4.51+
1B*=D1++-=;/N0;1+*5151341B1+,*2-+;/15+*.+-J-+C??h-2*0N0;1Y,*
/;RB1\O 1- /01H*0 - 26=*3O *F15;31 - 2-/* ;3+*0;3,- 3*=* 1 <1B*81O *O *5
+*4.;,1A/-0317+*(l'-A+*4.017+*315104*5+.2*0;-0,-2-/***52.001
+.1+ 51++1+,*26=*3 <-5 1+ 2*031+ 5*,;131+Ci Y[O f||sO2C m|\C h
;G*0*3/* ,* -./01+ 1B*=D1+ +-=;/N0;1+ @.* 1- B-/10*5 - -J- ;3/0-,.H*5
.51 ,1+ +.1+ *F/0*5;,1,*+ 31 51++1 ,* 26=*3A 1 5151341J1 <-=-<1 -
+*.1B,-5*+-B0*1B-=1,*26=*3*13,12101G0*3/*S5*,;,1@.**G*/.1
rl(

12-+/.01O,*G-051@.*1-/*05;3N7=1A--J-G;<1,*;/1,-+-B0*151++1,*
26=*3Y0*;/1+Of|||\CiY ^ A&''(A2%&gV%
()lq%
51/1 s.f. vv (% *00*3- *F/*3+- -3,* 5*,015 N0J-0*+ +;=J*+/0*+^ B-+@.*A
<12-*;01A G=-0*+/1% &% -B*0/.01 J*4*/1= 31/.01= * 20;5;/;J1 ,* .51 0*4;9-^
51/131/;J1C+5*=;2-3:3*-+*+/9-*3/0*-+20;3<;21;+2-=;3;H1,-0*+,1
G=-01 31/;J1O +*3,- 0*+2-3+NJ*;+ 2*=1 <-3+*0J189- * 2*02*/.189- ,*
5.;/1+*+2E<;*+,*.5151/1% *4.3,-[*00U(gg'VA3151H]3;1O2%*F%A1
=*;20-:B*<-0/10<1+/13D*;01+7,-7210NC+G1H*3,*;0-+@.*-B*,*<*5*++1
=*;A 1- ,*00.B10*5 1 51/1A ,*;F13,- 1+ <1+/13D*;01+A 2*0<*B*5@.* *=1+
39- 20-,.H*5 - G0./- -. 0*,.H*5 1 20-,.89- ,* <1+/13D1+C ++- -<-00*
,*J;,-1-G1/-,**=*+/*0*5*=;5;31,-/-,-+-+=.410*+*5@.*1+1B*=D1+
2-=;3;H1,-01+ ,1 <1+/13D*;01 G10;15 +*.+ 3;3D-+% h 13N=;+* ,- 26=*3
<-=*/1,- 2*=1+ 1B*=D1+ E .5 G-0/* ;3,;<1/;J- ,1+ *+2E<;*+ J*4*/1;+
0*513*+<*3/*+*5+*. D1B;/1/*@.*,*2*3,*5,*+.12-=;3;H189-O-@.*
1.F;=;10N 3-+ 20-40151+ ,* 0*G=-0*+/15*3/-C tCCCu 20*+*381 ,*
5*=;2-3:3*-+ 3.51 51/1 -. <12-*;01A 2-0 2*@.*31 @.* +*W1A ;3,;<1
<-3,;8X*+,*+-B0*J;J>3<;12101-./0-++*0*+J;J-+CiY[_ _
A(ggQA2%qrV%
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51/17<-B01 s.f. vv (% 152-3-/.+ 0.G;2*+ U1B0;<;.+V^ 10% G-05;417,-<*;01%

&%-05;41,*@.1+*&<5,*<-520;5*3/-A,*<-02-/-,-20*/-A,-/1,1,*
513,:B.=1+ /*31H*+C + 51/17<-B01+ +9- G-05;41+ 20*,1,-01+ ,*
1B*=D1+A1/1<151+<-=5*;1+,.013/*-,;1A,*J-0151+=10J1+*<100*415
-5*=%
()lg%
51/*;0- s.m. vv (% 3,;J:,.- @.* 2-0 +.1 4013,* J;J>3<;1 31+ 0-81+ * 31+
51/1+A -0;*3/17+* B*5A 1B0* <15;3D-+ * +*0J* ,* 4.;1 2101 -./01+
2*++-1+%&
&%3,:J;,.-*3<100*41,-,*H*=102*=1+51/1+-.G=-0*+/1+Ch5
-+562-=;+ Y \ @.13,- ;1 S G=-0*+/1 20-<.010 1B*=D1+A <-5 51/*;0-+A
2*+@.;+NJ15-+ 20;3<;21=5*3/* -+ /0-3<-+ ,* <13*=1 B1/1=D1 U 0Z2/-<10;1
5-+<D1/1\C-++*0/X*+,- *0;,6O-++*0/13*W-+51;+<.0;-+-++1B*5,*
<-0 1+ 51,*;01+ @.* +* 120*+*3/15 51;+ G0*@.*3/*5*3/* -<1,1+! 1
;5B.0131A1<1/;34.*;01*-<.510.A5-01,1+31/.01;+,1+3-++1+ 1B*=D1+
+;=J*+/0*+CiY7A(ggqA2%('QV%
rl&

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51/E0;1+*<1s.f.vv(
(% .B+/T3<;1,*@.*1=4-E<-3+/;/.:,-O*F<=.;3,-7+*1
N4.1C&
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,* ,*+;,01/189-O +*<14*5 -. =;-G;=;H189-C h 4*=*;1 0*1= /*5
120-F;51,15*3/*1+*4.;3/*<-52-+;89-Iss,*N4.1*ma,* 51/E0;1
+*<1_ *+/1 R=/;51 <-3/E5 120-F;51,15*3/* f` ,* 20-/*:31+O fm ,*
<10B-;,01/-+O x ,* =;2:,;-+O f ,* <;3H1+ * r ;3<=.*5 J;/15;31+A
*3H;51+ * <-*3H;51+ U /13,;G*0A (gQqV%i U
^ A (gq&%
M'')A 2% (&)V% h 4*=*;1 0*1= E 1 G-3/* 51;+ 0;<1 @.* +* <-3D*<* ,*
N<;,- 213/-/>3;<- YJ;/15;31 x\O xff 5;<0-40151+ 2-0 40151 ,* 51/E0;1
+*<1U*10+-3* .04;3V%iY" Of|y|O2Cfby\C
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51/*0;1=12:<-=1s.m.vv(
(%-3W.3/-,-+-BW*/-+3*<*++N0;-+S1/;J;,1,*,-
12;<.=/-0I ;3,.5*3/N0;1O <-=5*;1+O @.1,0-+O G*0015*3/1+O *@.;215*3/-+
2101 *F/0189- * 1051H*315*3/- ,- 5*=C 21,0-3;H189- G1<;=;/1 -
/01B1=D-*G1J-0*<*-;3/*0<T5B;-,*51/*0;1=12:<-=1*3/0*-+12;<.=/-0*+%
20-;B;89--.+.+2*3+9-/*52-0N0;1,*;52-0/189--.*3/01,13-21:+,*
@.1;+@.*0 *@.;215*3/-+ -. 51/*0;1;+ 12:<-=1+ .+1,-+ J;+1 1++*4.010
20-/*89- +13;/N0;1 S 12;<.=/.01 31<;-31=C C/BC ;52=*5*3/-+ 12:<-=1+O
;3,.5*3/N0;1,*20-/*89-C
()g&%
51/*0;1= ,* <-5B.+/9- s.m. vv (% 1/*0;1= ,* @.*;51A .+1,- 2101
1<*3,;5*3/-,-G.5;41,-0%&
&% .B+/T3<;1,*-0;4*5J*4*/1=@.*1=;5*3/1-
G-4-A51+@.*3-G.5;41,-0+*<-3+-5*1-+2-.<-+A31G-051,*B01+1A
+*5 20-J-<10 <D151+O 20-,.H;3,- G.5181 B013<1 * G0;1O <-5- 2C*FC
+*0014*5O 5101J1=D1O 401J*/-+ +*<-+O +1B.4- ,* 5;=D-C h 51/*0;1= ,*
<-5B.+/9-2-,* +*0 +*0014*5A <1J1<-+ ,* =*3D1AG-=D1+A <1+<1+ +*<1+ *
-./0-+ 51/*0;1;+ <10B.013/*+ ,* -0;4*5 J*4*/1=C 9- +* ,*J*5 ./;=;H10
*+/-21+ *5B*B;,1+ *5 N=<--=O 41+-=;31 -. 6=*- @.*;51,-C =4.3+
12;<.=/-0*+ <-=-<15 3- 5*;- ,- 51/*0;1= .51 B-=1 2*@.*31 ,* 2062-=;+Ci
Y_Of||sO2Cmm\Ch2<;-31=5*3/*O1=4.3+2*,18-+,*<*01O
2062-=;+O B-001 ,- ,*00*/;5*3/- ,1 <*01 -. G-=D1+ ,* 2=13/1+ 10-5N/;<1+O
<-5-*.<1=;2/-O2-,*5+*0./;=;H1,-+2101/-03101G.51815*3-+;00;/13/*C
tCCCu26+10*J;+9-O-12;<.=/-0,*J*0N<1J10.51J1=13-+-=-**3/*0010-
0*+/13/*,-51/*0;1=@.**+/N31<T5101,*<-5B.+/9-,-G.5;41,-0%1+-
rlr

D1W1 N4.1 31+ 20-F;5;,1,*+O - 12;<.=/-0 /15BE5 2-,* ./;=;HN7=1 2101
121410 - 0*+/- ,- 51/*0;1= ,* <-5B.+/9-% 21410 - 0*+/- ,- 51/*0;1= ,*
@.*;51 ,- G.5;41,-0 E .51 20N/;<1 *+/0;/15*3/* 3*<*++N0;1 2101 *J;/10
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;3<.=/--.N0*1<-B*0/12-0*++1J*4*/189-_<129-O51/1C r%5*;-0.01=
2-0 -2-+;89- 1- 15B;*3/* ,1 <;,1,*_ <152-O 0-81C )% .1=@.*0 2=13/1
140*+/*A+*5J1=-012:<-=1O@.*<0*+<*3-12;N0;-1-0*,-0,1+<-=5*;1+C
ht%%%u120-F;5;,1,*,*.512;N0;-<-3/0;B.;2101*=;5;310<-=5*;1+31/;J1+O
;+/-EO-+H134X*+,1+<-=5*;1+,-12;N0;-1-<0.H10*57+*<-51+01;3D1+
,1+ <-=5*;1+,- 51/- J9- <-3G*0;0S+ +.1+ ,*+<*3,*3/*+ @.1=;,1,*+ @.*
1+ G109- ;31,*@.1,1 S+ <-3,;8X*+ 31/.01;+ Y,1 51/1\C Y[Of|z`C
M'')A 2% glV% h.;/-+ 39- 0*21015 @.* 1+ 1B*=D1+ ,- 51/- @.*0*5
<-0/;8-+ ,- 51/-O -. +*W1O /0-3<-+ ,* N0J-0*+C 1;F1+ G*;/1+ 2*=- D-5*5
39-+.B+/;/.*51+,131/.0*H1CiU A&''QA2%g&V%h12;N0;-,*J*
+*0 513/;,- =;52- ,.013/* /-,- - 13-% tCCCu 2;N0;-+ 513/;,-+ <-5 51/-
1=/-O 1B1G1,-+ * <-5 2-.<1 =.5;3-+;,1,* G1J-0*<*5 1 -<-00>3<;1 ,*
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,*01;3D1+2101120-,.89-,*2062-=;+OD-.J*,;G*0*381,*20-,./;J;,1,*%
+ <-=]3;1+ <-5 01;3D1+ 39- +*=*<;-31,1+ 20-,.H;015 fmz|Oa4 * 1+
+*=*<;-31,1+O fzyfOz4 tCCCu - 40.2- <-5 01;3D1+ +*=*<;-31,1+ 12062-=;+
+* 120*+*3/-. .3;G-05*5*3/* *+J*0,*1,1% 51/0;H @.* G-03*<*. 1+
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,.013/* /-,1 1 *+/189-Ci Y O `bbsO 2C y|\C h1 1H*3,1 1/;101A *5
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20-,.89-,1+G;=D1+CiY_Of||sO2Cffx7QV% adj.2g.r%.*E
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G1H*5210/*1+1B*=D1+CiY Of||yO2Cfyx\Ch<-=*/1,*2062-=;+*+/N
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1 /1521% r% 1;F1 ,* 51,*;01 <-5 - 5*+5- <-520;5*3/-A 1 5*+51
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12*31+51;+B1;F1%*,;,1+;3/*031+,15*=4.*;01 134+/0-/D!!)QAc<5A
!rqA' <5A !()A& <5% ?? h31+-B0*<1;F1-. 5*=4.*;01@.* 1+ 1B*=D1+
4.10,15-5*=%101<1,13;3D-,*J*7+*/*02*=-5*3-+,.1+5*=4.*;01+
-. +-B0*<1;F1+% .;/-+ 12;<.=/-0*+ .+15 3;3D-+ +-B0*2-+/-+ <-5-
5*=4.*;01 <-5 +.<*++-Ci Y O f|yÒ 2C fm\C h26+ 1 <-=*/1 ,-
*3F15* * <-3G-05* 1 <-=5*;1 J1; +* ,*+*3J-=J*3,-A ,*J*7+* 1,;<;-310
*+218- 31 G-051 ,* +-B0*<1;F1+ -. 5*=4.*;01+ 2101 1 20-,.89- ,* 5*=C
-,*7+*0*5-3/10,*.511<;3<-5*=4.*;01+A,*2*3,*3,-,1<121<;,1,*
,1 G15:=;1 * ,- G=.F- ,* 3E</10 31 0*4;9-C 5*=4.*;01 J1H;1 ,*J* +*0
;3+/1=1,1=-4-1<;51,-3;3D-CiY_Of||sO2Cxa\Ch.13,-
1+ <-=5*;1+/>5 01;3D1+20-=:G;<1+ 0*<-5*3,151=4.3+/E<3;<-+-.+- ,*
.51 /*=1*F<=.;,-01*3/0*-3;3D- *1 5*=4.*;01A 2101 *J;/10@.*1 01;3D1
G181 2-+/.01+ 31+ 5*=4.*;01+O ;52*,;3,-O 1++;5O 1 <-=D*;/1 ,- 5*=Ci
U A(gglA2%&&'7&&f\C10C1=81O+-B0*<1;F1C%/B%<-=5*;101<;-31=%
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5*=4.*;01 ,* -;/- @.1,0-+ s.f. vv (% -,*=- ,* 5*=4.*;01 01<;-31= <-5
12*31+-;/- @.1,0-+ *5 J*H ,*,*H%&
&% *=4.*;01 <-5 5*3-0 @.13/;,1,*
,* G1J-+O 2-0E5 <-5 G1J-+ 51;+ 20-G.3,-+O <-5 51;-0 <121<;,1,* ,*
1051H*315*3/- ,* 5*=% ?? h+ 1B*=D1+A 31+ 5*=4.*;01+ ,* -;/- @.1,0-+A
2.F15 G1J-+ 51;+ 20-G.3,-+O 51;+ =-34-+O 3-+ @.1;+ 1 01;3D1 39-
<-3+*4.*-J-2-+;/10%12;<.=/-0/*51J13/14*5,*39-20*<;+10.+10/*=1
*F<=.;,-01 1=E5 ,* /*0 .51 20-,.89- ,* 5*= ,* 51;+ mbO
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+*=*<;-31,1+A 1,*@.1,1+ 1 .5 ,*/*05;31,- 5*;- 15B;*3/*% &%
0.H15*3/-+;+/*5N/;<-,*;3,;J:,.-++*=*<;-31,-+210120-,.H;020-4>3;*
<-5 <101</*0:+/;<1+ ,*+*WNJ*;+ *O 1- 5*+5- /*52-O *=;5;310 1+
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2-,*7+* ./;=;H10 - +>5*3 ,* JN0;-+ H134X*+% *4.3,- [*00 U(glrVA -+
415*/1+ ,* 2;+ 5*==;G*01 <-3/>5 maCbbb 4*3*+ *5 +*.+ fs
<0-5-++-5-+O @.* <-3/0-=15 /-,1+ 1+ <101</*0:+/;<1+ ,1 1B*=D1C -
*3/13/- E ;52-0/13/* @.* -+ *+G-08-+ ,-+ 5*=D-0;+/1+ *+/*W15 ,;0;4;,-+
2101 1@.*=1+ <101</*0:+/;<1+ ,* ;52-0/T3<;1 <-5*0<;1= tCCCui Y_
A(ggQA 2% ((r7(()V% h5 20-<*++- ;3/*0*++13/* E G1H*01 +*=*89-
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31 0*/;01,1 ,1+ `x 5*=D-0*+ 01;3D1+ * +.1 ;3/0-,.89- 31+ `x 2;-0*+
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*=:2-31 +<./*==10;+ *=;5;313,- 1+ 01;3D1+ ,1+ <-=]3;1+ <-5 5*3-0

<0*+<;5*3/-% B/*J*7+* 0*+2-+/1 2-+;/;J1O ;3,;<13,- @.* *+/* E .5 B-5
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+*520*G;315*3/*0*/;<.=1,1*G-+<1A01015*3/*=;+1*B0;=D13/*U A
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0;4-31A21++10;151<-3+/;/.;01+/0;B-+*=;2-3;3;*0;4-3;3;%t%%%u5*.

J*0O 1 /0;B- *=;2-3;3; E <-3+/;/.:,1 12*31+ 2*=- 4>3*0- *=;2-31Ci
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U7A (ggqA 2% rcV% htCCCu - 20-B=*51 ,1 ,;G*0*3<;189- ,*
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5*=:2-31+ 1 1<;1 51H]3;<1 2-0 +*0 *++* =.410 1 H-31 -3,* DN 51;-0
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20*G*0:J*= @.* +*W1 56J*= -. /013+2-0/NJ*=O 39- G;F-O 2101 mb <-0/;8-+ 3-
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1+ <-=]3;1+ ,* 5*=;2-3:3*-+O <-=-<13,- 1+ 0*+2*</;J1+ <-=]3;1+ 1=4-
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(%10/*,-/601F,*D;5*362/*0-+_.51,1+/0>+2-08X*+
,-0+1;+ ,- 5*+-++-51% &% /*0<*;0- +*45*3/- /-0N<;<-O - 3-/- ,-
5*/1/601FC hD1J* 2101 -+ 4>3*0-+ ,* *=;2-3;31 20*+*3/*+ 3- 01+;=
U-2*0N0;1+\I fC B*=D1+ 5.;/- 2*@.*31+O <-02- <-5 a 55 -. 5*3-+ ,*
<-520;5*3/- Y39- <-3+;,*013,- 1+ 1+1+\ tCCCu *+<./*=- 2-.<- 20-W*/1,-
+-B0*-5*/13-/-O*5J;+/1,-0+1=2-089-5*,;1=,-5*/13-/-210<;1=5*3/*
J;+:J*=tCCCuiY */1=%A&''&A2%qgV%%/B%20-3-/-A5*+-3-/-%
(Q'c%
5*/12-+3-/- s.m. vv(

(% C/0;T34.=- 20-2-,*1=C ?? h 5*/12-+3-/-A @.* 3-+
2-;,*1 *3<-3/017+* B1+/13/* ,*+*3J-=J;,-O -<.21 1 N0*1 <*3/01= ,-
)&l

20-26,*-O ,;J;,;3,-7- *5 ,.1+ N0*1+ =1/*01;+ * G-0513,- - <D151,-
/0;T34.=-20-2-,*1=CiU */1=%A&''&A2%&(qV%
(Q'Q%
5*/1++-51 s.m. vv (% 1B,]5*3 ,1+ 1B*=D1+C &% -089- ,- 1B,]5*3
<-3+/;/.:,1 2*=-+ R=/;5-+ 3-J* ,-+ fb +*45*3/-+ 1B,-5;31;+ ,1 G>5*1
YR=/;5-+ fb ,-+ ff +*45*3/-+ 20*+*3/*+ 3- 51<D-\C + 1B*=D1+
120*+*3/15 .51 ,;J;+9- 20620;1 ,- <-02-O @.* 1 ,;G*0* ,-+ ;3+*/-+ *5
4*01=I <1B*81O 5*+-++-51 * 5*/1++-51C ++1 ,;J;+9- *5 /0>+ 0*4;X*+
,;+/;3/1+ <-3+;,*01 - 20;5*;0- +*45*3/- ,- 1B,]5*3 <-5- 210/* ,-
5*+-++-51O * 1 2-089- 0*+/13/* ,- 1B,]5*3 ,1+ 1B*=D1+O <-5-
5*/1++-51%%/B%5*+-++-51%
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5*/1/601F s.m. vv (% 5 ,-+ /0>+ +*45*3/-+ ,- /601F ,1+ 1B*=D1+% &%
*0<*;0- +*45*3/- ,- /601FO 3- @.1= ;3+*0*57+* .5 210 ,* 2*031+ * .5
210,*1+1+Ch+5*5B0-+,*2-;,*12-,*5+*0,;+/;34.;,-+,*-./0-+
40.2-+,*J*+21+1<.=*1,1+2*=1++*4.;3/*+<101</*0:+/;<1+5-0G-=64;<1+I
tCCCu G.+9- <-52=*/1 *3/0* - 5*+- * - 5*/1/601F tCCCui U */ 1=%A
&''&A2%&lVCC/BC5*+-++-51O5*+-/601FC
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t+;4=1u s.f. vv (% C 5-0/1=;,1,* ,1 G1+* ,* /013+;89-C htCCCu E ,;G:<;=
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2-0@.>} *4.3,--0*G*0;,-1./-02-0+*0*5,*<1+/1;3,*+*W1,1% *0;15
51<D-+<-5.3+-.01;3D1+*5*F<*++-}-,*+*0A2-;+3-+*=;2-3;3;1+
01;3D1++*<0;15*5<E=.=1+;4.1;+S+,1+-2*0N0;1+*-+51<D-+D12=-;,*+
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5.;/1+J*H*+31C.*+/10;151+-2*0N0;1+*=;5;313,-=10J1+4013,*+
-.20E72.21+WN*3G*051+}iY7A(ggqA2%r)&V%
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5;<0-G=-01 ,- ;3/*+/;3- s.f. vv (% -3W.3/- ,* 5;<0-7-0413;+5-+ YB1</E0;1+\
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;34*0;,1+ * ,;4*0;,1+ W.3/- <-5 - 1=;5*3/-O *++1+ +9- *3<-3/01,1+ 3-
;3/*+/;3-13/*0;-0Y212-*J*3/0:<.=-\Ch;<0-G=-01,-;3/*+/;3-!t%%%u+/;2-+
,* B1</E0;1+ 20*+*3/*+ 31 G=-01 ;3/*+/;31= ,1+ 1B*=D1+O 1+ ;3/*070*=18X*+
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<-51+<E=.=1+;3/*+/;31;+*<-5-1=;5*3/-OB*5<-5-+.1,;+/0;B.;89-1-
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*F;+/*5 ,-;+ /;2-+ ,* B1</E0;1+ @.13/- S -0;4*5 tCCCui YP7
A
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-. .=/015;<0-+<62;<-+ <-5-O 2C *FCO B1</E0;1+O J:0.+O G.34-+O =*J*,.01+ *
20-/-H-N0;-+C h;3,1 =1B-01/-0;1=5*3/* 1 2062-=;+ ,*J* +*0 +.B5*/;,1 1
.51 13N=;+* 5;<0-B;-=64;<1 1 G;5 ,* J*0;G;<10 1 ;+*389- ,* *+2-0-+ ,*
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1B*=D1+Ci Y O `bbsO 2C fba\C h .4*0*7+* @.* 1 210/;0 ,* B1</E0;1+
*3<-3/01,1+ 3-+ 15B;*3/*+ J;+;/1,-+ 2*=1+ -2*0N0;1+ <152*;01+A /*3D1
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5;<0-7-0413;+5-+ +*W1 1 1/;J;,1,* 51;+ 2-2.=105*3/* <-3D*<;,1 *
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Gram. var.ort.: 5;<0-0413;+5-.
(Q((%
5;<0-7-0413;+5-+ 21/-4>3;<-+ s.m. vv (% 0413;+5-+ 5;<0-+<62;<-+

3-<;J-+A <121H*+ ,* <1.+10 ,-*381% &%
1</E0;1+ <1.+1,-01+ ,*
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1=;5*3/- +6=;,-O +*3,- - 51;+ .+1,- - <T3,;C =* 2-,* +*0 20*2101,-
W.3/13,-7+* N4.1 -. 5*= tCCCu =4.3+ 12;<.=/-0*+ 0*<-5*3,15 - .+- ,*
N4.1*5J*H,-5*=O*+2*<;1=5*3/*3-<-5E0<;-,*01;3D1+2101*J;/101
./;=;H189-,* 5*= <-5 *+2-0-+,* 5;<0-7-0413;+5-+ 21/-4>3;<-+A3-<;J-+
S+1B*=D1+O<-512-++:J*=,;++*5;3189-,*++*+14*3/*+*3/0*12;N0;-+,*
0*4;X*+-.5*+5-21:+*+,;G*0*3/*+CiY_Of||sO2Ca|\ChtCCCu
-+5;<0-7-0413;+5-+21/-4>3;<-+2101-+13;51;+/>5.526/;5-2101-
+*. <0*+<;5*3/- ,* zO` 1 zOa_ 1=4.51+ *+2E<;*+ ,* B1</E0;1+ />5 -+
)r'

+*4.;3/*+ 2 5:3;5-+ 2101 - <0*+<;5*3/-I +<D*0;<D;1 <-=;! )Ar^
1=5-3*==1 +22! )A'^ +*.,-5-31+ 1*0.4;3-+1! )A)^ /0*2/-<-<<.+! )Ac%

++- +;43;G;<1 @.* 31 5E,;1 Y2 mOzf\ - 2 ,-+ 5E;+ ,* 5*=;2-3:3*-+ E
+.G;<;*3/*5*3/* B1;F- 2101 ;52*,;0 - <0*+<;5*3/- ,*++*+ 5;<0-7
-0413;+5-+21/-4>3;<-+CiY7A(ggqA2%&QlV%
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,* 1=-W10 *5 +.1+ ,-B01+A -+ *+2*051/-H-;,*+ @.* +9- *F2*=;,-+ 2*=1
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,12-+/.01CiUA%%%A(gq&%M'')A2%l&VC6J.=-/*53-
+*. ;3/*0;-0 .51 <E=.=1 ,;2=-;,* @.*O =-4- 126+ 1 G*<.3,189-O <-5*81 1
,;J;,;07+* 5*;-/;<15*3/*O ,13,- -0;4*5 1 @.1/0- 3R<=*-+ D12=-;,*+C 5
,*=*+W.3/17+*1-*+2*051/-H-;,*G1H*3,-.53-J-H;4-/-CtCCCu+6J.=-+
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2*3*/015-+*+2*051/-H-;,*+CY[Of||sO2Csb\Ch6J.=-*+/N*3J-=/-
2-0.5<60;--.<1+<1@.*O3-*3/13/-O/*51B*0/.01+31+.1*F/0*5;,1,*
13/*0;-0A 1 5;<062;=1A 2-0 -3,* -+ *+2*051/-H-;,*+ 2-,*5 2*3*/010%
*3/01,1 ,* 51;+ ,* .5 *+2*051/-H-;,* 1/01JE+ ,1 5;<062;=1 31
G*<.3,189- ,-+ -J-+ ,* % 5*==;G*01O <-3,;89- <-3D*<;,1 <-5-
2-=;*+2*05;1OE3-051=CiUP7
A&''gA2%crV%
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5;40189- s.f. vv (% 1:,1 ,* .5 *3F15* ,* +*. =-<1= ,* -0;4*5_
5-J;5*3/189- 31/.01= ,1+ 1B*=D1+ *5 B.+<1 ,* 3-J- 1=-W15*3/-O ,*
5*=D-0*+ <-3,;8X*+ 15B;*3/1;+_ *3F15*189-C C/BC 5;4010 Yf\O *3F15*
5;401/60;-Ch5-0/*-.,*+1210*<;5*3/-,101;3D12-,*,*/*05;310.51
*3F15*189- -. 5;40189- ,1 2-2.=189-Ci Y O f|z`C MbbaO
2Cx`\ChB*=D1+*.++-<;1;+O<.W1,;+2*0+9-+*,N<-5*+/1B*=*<;5*3/-,*
3-J1+ <-=]3;1+O 1/01JE+ ,- 20-<*++- ,* *3F15*189-O 2-,*5 120*+*3/10
/1F1+ ,* 5;40189- 51;+ =*3/1+A @.13,- 1+ <-=]3;1+7G;=D1+ 2*0513*<*5
,*2*3,*3/*+ 2-0 .5 ,*/*05;31,- 2*0:-,- *O 2-0 ;+/-O 39- 2-,*5O +*
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)r(

5;401/60;1O *=* ,*J* /*0 <.;,1,-+ *+2*<;1;+ 31 20*210189- ,* +.1+
<-=5*;1+t%%%u15;40189-O1+/1521+,1+<-=5*;1+,*J*5+*0+.B+/;/.:,1+
2-0 /1521+ <-5 /*=1O J;+13,- G1<;=;/10 1 1*0189- 3- ;3/*0;-0 ,1 <-=5*;1Ci
Y_ O f||sO 2C ax\C h-0 -<1+;9- ,1 20N/;<1 ,* <0;189-
5;401/60;1O -+ =-<1;+ 1 +*0*5 *F2=-01,-+O ,*J*09- /*0 1+ 5*+51+
<-3,;8X*+ ,- 12;N0;- *<-=64;<-O <-5 0-/*;0- ,* 5;40189-A 20*J;15*3/*
<-5.3;<1,- S *0/;G;<1,-01 2101 ;3+2*89- * 120-J189-Ci Y O
&'')A 2% (c(V% %/B% 5;4010 U&VA 12;<.=/.01 5;401/60;1% r%
*+=-<15*3/- ,*
.5 2-3/- 2101 -./0-% ?? h1+ ;3+*5;318X*+ ;3+/0.5*3/1;+ <-5 *+2*051+
,;=.:,-+ *5 N4.1 ,* <-<- <-5 2 zOb -B/;J*5-+ 6/;5-+ 0*+.=/1,-+O <-5
1.5*3/-<-3+;,*0NJ*=,15;40189-,-+*+2*051/-H-;,*+,-+-J;,./-+2101
1 *+2*051/*<1 ,1 01;3D1A @.13,- -+ 0*+.=/1,-+ G-015 <-52101,-+ <-5
1@.*=*,1+;3+*5;318X*+;3+/0.5*3/1;+<-5*+2*051+*5,;=.;89-*<-5-
5*+5-3R5*0-,**+2*051/-H-;,*+CiYOCCOf|z`CMbbfO
2%qgV%%/B%5;4010UrV%
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5;4010 v. vv (% 1;0 S 20-<.01 ,* 3-J1 5-01,;1O ,* .5 =-<1= 5*=D-0 2101
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2*=-3;3D-1<100*/14013,*/*3+9-;3/*0;3,;J;,.1=1@.1==*J11+1B*=D1+1
5;4010*5 *O <-3+*@.*3/*5*3/*O G.3,10*5 .51 3-J1 <-=]3;1Ci
Y# O f|zaC MbbfO 2C fzs\C h N -+ @.* 2*3+15 @.* -+
*=;2-3:3*-+ /15BE5 5;4015 <-5- 1+ 2;+A J-13,- W.3/-+ *5 4013,*
3R5*0-C @.* 2-,*0;1 <-3G.3,;0 1+ 2*++-1+ E - G1/- ,* @.* 1 01;3D1
J;04*5,1+1B*=D1++*5G*009-O<-5-JN0;-+1./-0*+J;015OS+J*H*+J1;1-
=-<1=,-3-J-3;3D-1<-5213D1,1,*5.;/1+-2*0N0;1+C1+5*+5-,*2-;+
,1 +1:,1 ,*++1 h<-5;/;J1 J-1,-01iO E 20*<;+- 3-/10 @.* 1+ 1B*=D1+
<-3/;3.15 1 ;0 * J;0 *3/0* 1 <-=]3;1759* * 1 <-=]3;17G;=D1A /01H*3,-
1=;5*3/-+ * 51/*0;1;+ ,* <-3+/0.89-C ++- 39- -<-00* <-5 1+ 2;+Ci
U7A (ggqA 2% gcV% &% .,10 Y- 12;N0;-\ 2*0;-,;<15*3/* ,*
=.410O ,* .51 0*4;9- 2101 -./01C h- 01+;=O ,*J;,- S 4013,* *F/*3+9-
/*00;/-0;1=*S,;J*0+;,1,*,1G=-01OJN0;-+*F*52=-+,*12;<.=/.015;401/60;1
2-,*0;15+*0,*+<0;/-+CtCCCu5 9-1.=-O1=4.3+12;<.=/-0*+ 5;4015A,*
W13*;0- 1 51;-O 2101 0*4;X*+ <-5 *.<1=;2/-C
* W.=D- 1 14-+/-O ./;=;H15
)r&

G=-01,1+,*1++172*;F**<;267.J1%
*14-+/-1-./.B0-AG=-01,1+,*=1013W1
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1=4.51+ =-<1=;,1,*+A 12;<.=/-0*+ 5;4015 <-5 +.1+ <-=5*;1+ ,1+ N0*1+
-3,* 1+ G=-01,1+ WN /*05;31015 2101 -./01 J;H;3D1+A -3,* *F;+/* 1=4.51
G=-01,1@.*J;1B;=;H*.52-.<-,*1=;5*3/189-21011+<-=]3;1+O513/*3,-7
1+*5B-1+<-3,;8X*+2101-;3:<;-,-206F;5-4013,*G=.F-,*1=;5*3/-31
+.10*4;9-,*-0;4*5CiU A%
%%^ PA
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5;401521011*+2*051/*<1CiY[Of||sO2Cx|\CC/BC5;40189-UrV%
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5;3;00*<0;1 s.f. vv (% -=5*;1 01<;-31= ,*+*3J-=J;,1 2101 1 20-,.89- ,*
01;3D1+*4*=*;170*1=O<-52-+/1O31210/*+.2*0;-0O,*.53R<=*-1,12/1,-
<-5 ) 1 c @.1,0-+ 134+/0-/D *A 31 210/* ;3G*0;-0A ,* .5 3;3D- <-5 ('
@.1,0-+C h J-=.5* ,1 *+2*051/*<1 /*3,* 1 1.5*3/10 S 5*,;,1 @.*
1.5*3/1 - 2*+- ,1+ 01;3D1+C 520*413,- =10J1+ ,* -2*0N0;1+
,*+<*3,*3/*+ ,* 01;3D1+ +*=*<;-31,1+ ,1 fO G;H*5-+ /013+G*0>3<;1+
+;52=*+*50*<0;1*5;3;00*<0;1A<-5-G;5,*<-5210102*+-+1-*5*04;0A
3R5*0-,*-J10:-=-+*J-=.5*,1*+2*051/*<1,1+01;3D1+<0;1,1+3*+/1+
<-3,;8X*+ tCCCui Y O f|yfC MbbfO 2C ffx\C htCCCu 1J1=;10 1
<121<;,1,*20-,./;J1,11B*=D11G0;<13;H1,1U2;+5*==;G*01A %A(qclV2101
1 20-,.89- ,* 4*=*;1 0*1= ./;=;H13,- ,;G*0*3/*+ /E<3;<1+ ,* 20-,.89-% t%%%u
/;=;H10157+* )' <R2.=1+ 2-0 5;3;00*<0;1% J1=;10157+* -+ ,1,-+ ,*
2-0<*3/14*5 ,* 1<*;/* ,1+ *3F*0/;1+O 20-,.89- ,* 4*=*;1 0*1= 2-0
5;3;00*<0;1O20-,.89-2-0<R2.=1,*4*=*;10*1=*O*51=4.3+<1+-+O-2*+-
,1+=10J1+31<-=D*;/1CiY POf||`CMbbfO2Ca`\C
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(%210/*51;+;3/*031,-*3F15*^-2-3/-51;+
1- <*3/0- ,* .5 140.215*3/- ,* 1B*=D1+% &% 4=-5*0189- ,* 1B*=D1+
-2*0N0;1+<-51G.389-,*4*010<1=-0*513/*01/*52*01/.01,1<-=]3;1
@.13,-1/*52*01/.01*F/*031<1;% 5;-=-,-*3F15*E*3J-=/-2-0-./0-
140.215*3/-,*1B*=D1+A51;+<-521</-A@.*G-051.51<1+<1*F/*031,*
)rr

20-/*89-O <-5 1 *+2*++.01 ,* JN0;1+ -2*0N0;1+ 2-+;<;-31,1+ <-5 +.1+
<1B*81+ J-=/1,1+ 2101 ,*3/0- ,- 140.215*3/-C h40.215*3/-+ ,*
1B*=D1+*5*3F15*+/>520-B=*51++*5*=D13/*+1-+140.215*3/-+,-+
3;3D-+O * 210*<*5 0*+2-3,*0 1 *=*+ ,* 5-,- +*5*=D13/*O ;+/- EO 1+
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A [ 7A (ggr% M''&A 2% (g\C htCCCu 1+
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51;-020-F;5;,1,*,1+-2*0N0;1+1-+H134X*+,-@.*S+01;3D1+O/13/-*5
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,- <-02- U.//3*0A (gqc^
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+*5;31;+*F;+/*5,.1+4=T3,.=1+20-,./-01+,*5.<-O@.*E=;B*01,-W.3/-
<-5 - +>5*3C tCCCu +>5*3O <-3/*3,- -+ *+2*051/-H-;,*+O 2-++.;
<-=-0189- 1510*=1O ,;+/;34.;3,-7+* ,- 5.<- @.* E B013<-Ci Y_
Of||sO2C`b\Ch+>5*3EB1+/13/*G=.;,-*2*3*/01G1<;=5*3/*31
14.=D1%
*J*7+* *J;/10 @.* - 5.<- +*W1 1+2;01,- W.3/- <-5- +>5*3C *
/1= 1<-3/*<*0O 1 14.=D1 G;<1 -B+/0.:,1O +*3,- ;5201/;<NJ*= 1 ;3W*89- ,-
+>5*3CiYO%%%A(gq&%M'')A2%lQV%
(Q)c%
5.,1s.f. vv(
(%1+*,*/013+;89-3-<;<=-,*J;,1,-;3+*/-C??h+20-<*++-+
,* 5.,1 @.* -<-00*5 ,.013/* 1 J;,1 ,-+ ;3+*/-+ +9- ;3,.H;,-+ *
0*4.=1,-+ 2-0 *<,;+/*0-;,*+C *=*J189- ,-+ /:/.=-+ ,*++* D-05]3;- 31
D*5-=;3G1 20-5-J* 5.,1381+ <-52=*F1+ *+2*<;1=5*3/* 31+ <E=.=1+
*2;,E05;<1+tCCCuiUP7
A&''gA2%()lV%&
&%0-<*++-2*0;6,;<-,*
0*3-J189- ,- 0*J*+/;5*3/- *F/*0;-0 Y<./:<.=1\ ,1 =10J1 ,1+ 1B*=D1+% h
=10J1 E J*05;G-05*O +*5 21/1+ *F/*031+ -. 1+1+C -++.; .51 <1B*81
2*@.*31 *O 3- <-02-O fm +*45*3/-+ 39- ,;G*0*3<;1,-+ *5 /601F *
1B,]5*3C
.013/*-*+/N4;-=10J1=+*1=;5*3/1O*+/-<13,--+3./0;*3/*+3-
<-02- 4-0,.0-+-C =10J1 21++1 2-0 <;3<- *+/N4;-+ ,* <0*+<;5*3/-O
/0-<13,- +.1 <./:<.=1 126+ <1,1 *+/N4;-C 3/*+ ,1 R=/;51 5.,1A 1 =10J1
))c

/*<* +*. <1+.=-Ci Y_ O f||sO 2C gV% %/B% *<,;+*A
5*/15-0G-+*%
(Q)Q%
5.=/;2=;<189- ,* <-=]3;1+s.f. vv(

(%0-<*++- 31/.01=,* 0*20-,.89- <-=*/;J1
*++*3<;1= 2101 1.5*3/10 - 3R5*0- ,* 1B*=D1+ 31 31/.0*H1 * ,10
<-3/;3.;,1,*S*F;+/>3<;1,1*+2E<;*_*3F15*189-0*20-,./;J1C<-00**5
2*0:-,-+,*4013,*G=.F-,*1=;5*3/-+O@.13,--+*3F15*++**3<-3/015
B1+/13/* 2-2.=-+-+_ 5.=/;2=;<189- ,* *3F15*+O 5.=/;2=;<189- ,* 3R<=*-+%
&%
;J;+9- 01<;-31= ,1+ <-=]3;1+ 0*1=;H1,1 2*=- D-5*5 Y12;<.=/-0 -.
5*=;2-3;<.=/-0\ 2101 1.5*3/10 - 3R5*0- ,* <-=]3;1+ 3- 12;N0;- -. 2101
0*2-0 *3F15*+ 2*0,;,-+ 2-0 ,-*381 -. @.1=@.*0 -./01 <1.+1_ ,;J;+9- ,*
<-=]3;1+O ,;J;+9- ,* G15:=;1+_ 5.=/;2=;<189- 10/;G;<;1= ,* <-=]3;1+C h-++1
*F2*0;>3<;1 *5 5.=/;2=;<189- ,* <-=]3;1+ 3-+ 5-+/0-. @.* 1 <-=]3;1
0*<E57G-051,1 +* 0**+/0./.01 5*=D-0 @.13,- - +*. *+218- ;3;<;1= E
0*,.H;,-O 2-;+ 1+ -2*0N0;1+ />5 5*=D-0*+ <-3,;8X*+ ,* 513/*0 1
/*52*01/.01O <-3/0-=10 +1@.*+ * ;3;5;4-+Ci Y[_ _
f||sO 2C yf\C C/BC ,;J;+9- ,* <-=]3;1+O *3F15*189-O
0*20-,.89-<-=*/;J1C
(Q)q%
5.0;<;s.m.vv(
(%0./-,-5.0;<;H*;0-U Z0+-3;51<01++;G6=;1VA,0.21<103-+1A
1510*=1O <-5*+/:J*=C &% -5* <-5.5 1 JN0;1+ 2=13/1+ ,1 G15:=;1
1=2;4D;1<*1*A @.* G=-0*+<*5 - 13- /-,- <-5 2;<-+ *3/0* 14-+/- *

,*H*5B0-% r% -3/* ;52-0/13/* ,* 1=;5*3/- 2101 1+ 1B*=D1+ @.* <-=*/15
3E</10O 26=*3 * 6=*- G=-01= 3- 2*0:-,- 51;+ +*<- ,- 13-% ?? h 5.0;<;
<-3+/;/.;7+* 3.5 0*<.0+- 1=;5*3/10 ;52-0/13/* 3- 3-0/* * 3-0,*+/*
B01+;=*;0-O 2-0*+/1 01H9-O G*H7+* .51 0*J;+9- D;+/60;<1+-B0* +*.+.+-+ *
<-+/.5*+O <.=/;J-O ;3,.+/0;1=;H189-O tCCCu ;3<=.;7+* .51 0*J;+9- +-B0* 1
+;+/*5N/;<1 * ,;+/0;B.;89- 4*-40NG;<1 ,1+ 1B*=D1+ J;+;/13/*+ *
2-=;3;H1,-01+Ci Y O f|ysC MbbfO 2C fs\C
%/B%
51=2;4D;N<*1+C
(Q)l%
5.+<.=1/.01s.f. vv(
(%-3W.3/-,-+5R+<.=-+Y,*.56049--.-0413;+5-\C
h-,1+ 1+ *+/0./.01+ ,- 6049- 0*20-,./-0 51+<.=;3- +9- ;3/*031+ 3-
1B,]5*3O2-0*++1 01H9-O@.13,-,1 <62.=1O-6049- +-G0*.5 20-<*++-
,* *J*0+9- ,- @.1= ,*<-00* 1 *W1<.=189-C ++* G*3]5*3-O 1- 31/.01=O E
))Q

,*+*3<1,*1,- @.13,- - H1349- E *+/;5.=1,- 2*=1 01;3D1O * 0*+.=/1 ,*
.51 G-0/* <-3/0189- ,1 5.+<.=1/.01 1B,-5;31=Ci YO C C CO
f|z`C MbbaO 2C ya\C h *+2*051/*<1 39- 120*+*3/1 5.+<.=1/.01
*3J-=/60;1O +-5*3/* +*. ,./- * -+ ,./-+ ,1 4=T3,.=1 ,1 *+2*051/*<1Ci
UP7
A&''gA2%crV%
(Q)g%
5R+<.=-s.m.vv(
(%*<;,-G-051,-2-0<E=.=1+1=-341,1+YG;B01+5.+<.=10*+\
<-5 <121<;,1,* ,* +* <-3/01;0C h-+ ;3+*/-+ D-=-5*/NB-=-+O <-5- 1+
1B*=D1+O 2-.<1+ ,;J;+X*+ <*=.=10*+ -<-00*5 ,*2-;+ ,- G;5 ,1 G1+* =10J1=%
t%%%u <*0/-+ 5R+<.=-+ =10J1;+ +9-,*+/0.:,-+ * 39- +9- +.B+/;/.:,-+_ -./0-+
+9-,*+/0.:,-+*+.B+/;/.:,-+2-03-J-+ 5R+<.=-+<-5G.389-3-1,.=/-Ci
UP7
A &''gA 2% ())V% &% #049- <-5 2-,*0 ,* <-3/0189- *
0*=1F15*3/-O <121H ,* 0*1=;H10 5-J;5*3/-+ ,* 189- J-=.3/N0;1 -.
;3J-=.3/N0;1C h <-3/0189- ,-+ 5R+<.=-+ =-34;/.,;31;+ * - 0*=1F15*3/-
,-+ 5R+<.=-+ J*0/;<1;+ *+/*3,*5 - /601F J*0/;<1=5*3/*O 2.F13,- 1+ 1+1+
2101 B1;F-% 5 -2-+;89-O - 0*=1F15*3/- ,-+ 5R+<.=-+ =-34;/.,;31;+ * 1
<-3/0189-,-+5R+<.=-+J*0/;<1;+<.0J15-/601F2101G-01O*52.0013,-1+
1+1+2101<;51CiU A&''rA2%r)V%%/B%5.+<.=1/.01%
(Qc'%
5R+<.=-+ U;3,;0*/-+V ,- J-- s.m.pl. vv (%

-;+ 210*+ ,* G*;F*+ 5.+<.=10*+
/-0N<;<-+ U,-0+-7J*3/01;+ * 13/*0-72-+/*0;-0*+VA ,* 4013,* <1=;B0*A @.*
-<.215 /-,- - *+218- /-0N<;<- ,1+ 1B*=D1+C &% R+<.=-+ /-0N<;<-+
1++;3<0]3;<-+ @.* 39- 120*+*3/15 =;4189- ,;0*/1 <-5 1+ 1+1+O 51+ @.*
0*+2-3,*5 2*=1 <121<;,1,* ,* J-- ,1+ 1B*=D1+C .1 <-3/0189- 20-,.H
5.,1381+,*J-=.5*3-/601F*O;3,;0*/15*3/*O-5-J;5*3/-,1+1+1+C
h <121<;,1,* ,* J-10 ,-+ 1,.=/-+ tCCCu *+/N ;3/0;3+*<15*3/* =;41,1 S
51;-0;1 ,* +.1+ 1/;J;,1,*+ <-5- - J-- 3.2<;1= 2101 - 1<1+1=15*3/-A 3-
<1+- ,1+ 01;3D1+ * 51<D-+O * 1 *F2=-0189- ,* 3-J- D1B;/1/A G-3/*+ ,*
1=;5*3/-+ * *+/1B*=*<;5*3/- ,* 3-J-+ 3;3D-+O 3- <1+- ,1+ -2*0N0;1+C
J--E0*1=;H1,-2-05R+<.=-+,*3-5;31,-+ 5R+<.=-+;3,;0*/-+,-J--t%%%ui
U[ A&''l\C h+ 5R+<.=-+ ,- J--39- />5 =;4189-,;0*/1 <-51+
1+1+O 1+ @.1;+ +* 20*3,*5 S+ =1/*01;+ ,- 5*+-/601F 2-0 5*5B0131+
10/;<.=10*+ 5.;/- *=N+/;<1+ tCCCu - G1/- ,* -+ 5R+<.=-+ 39- +* =;410*5 S
10/;<.=189-,1+ 1+1+ ,*J*7+* 1,*3-5;3189- 5R+<.=-+ ;3,;0*/-+,-J--Ci
))q

UP7
A &''gA 2% &(q7lV% 10% 5R+<.=-+ /-0N<;<-+ ,* J--O
5R+<.=-+,*J--C
(Qc(%
5./189- s.f. vv(

(% =/*0189- 3-
YN<;,- ,*+-F;00;B-3.<=*;<-\,*<-00*3/*
,* 1=/*018X*+ 3-Y+\ 4*3*Y+\O -. +*W1O 3-+ +*45*3/-+ @.* <-3/>5 1
;3G-05189- 4*3E/;<1 ,* .5 +*0 J;J-C h 5./189- 4>3;<1 1G*/1 1+
2-2.=18X*+ ,* D;5*362/*0-+ 51;+ ;3/*3+15*3/* @.* 1+ 2-2.=18X*+
,;2=-;,*+O,*J;,-S+;/.189-D12=-;,*,-+51<D-+CiU[A(gc'%M''(A
2%&&'V%&
&%-,;G;<189-31;3G-05189-4*3E/;<1,-+;3,;J:,.-+@.*2-,*-.
39- 0*+.=/10 *5 1=/*018X*+ G*3-/:2;<1+ * @.* E 21++:J*= ,* +*0 D*0,1,1
2*=-++*.+,*+<*3,*3/*+C+J*H*+O1B*=D1+<-51210>3<;113-051=+9-
-B+*0J1,1+ 31+ <-=]3;1+C =4.51+ ,*++1+ <101</*0:+/;<1+ 0*+.=/15 ,*
5./18X*+ @.* 1G*/15 1 <-0 ,- ;3/*4.5*3/-A <-0 * G-051 ,-+ -=D-+A
/1513D- * G-051/- ,1+ 1+1+A *3/0* -./01+% *01=5*3/*A *++1+ 13-51=;1+
+9- -B+*0J1,1+ 12*31+ 3-+ H134X*+C -5- +9- +*0*+ D12=-;,*+O -+
H134X*+*F20*++15/-,1+1+5./18X*+0*<*++;J1+J;+:J*;+%%
(Qc&%
5./13/* adj.2g. vv (%.* +-G0*. 5./189-_2-0/1,-0 ,* 5./189-O13-51=;1O

1=/*0189-4*3E/;<1Y-0413;+5-O<E=.=1-.4*3*\Ch12=;<189-<0]3;<1,*
;001,;189- 4151 *5 3R<=*-+ 0*4.=10*+ ,* 2;+ 5*==;G*01 20-5-J*. -
1210*<;5*3/-,*.5H1349-5./13/*21011<-0,*-=D-A@.*120*+*3/1J1
1<-01510*=1*@.*G-;;3;<;1=5*3/*,*3-5;31,-=;59-CiY Of|zxC
M''(A 2% )&rV% s.2g. &% 3,;J:,.- -. 4*0189- G;=;1= @.* 120*+*3/1
<101</*0:+/;<1+ ,;+/;3/1+ ,1+ ,* +*.+ 13/*<*,*3/*+C tCCCu .5 0*+.=/1,-
;3/*0*++13/* G-; - 1210*<;5*3/- ,* -2*0N0;1+ * 01;3D1+ <-5 G*00X*+
13-051;+U1B*0/-+\O126+-<0.H15*3/-,-+5./13/*+ 1Z*0*<D10/0*.+*7
=;59-C ++* <10N/*0 hG*009-71B*0/-i ;52*,* @.* 1+ -2*0N0;1+ 2;@.*5O
@.13,- *=* +* 513;G*+/1 /-/1=5*3/*O ;+/- EO @.13,- 1+ ,.1+ =13<*/1+ +*
120*+*3/15 +*2101,1+,-*+/;=*/*%++113-51=;1A *J;,*3<;1,13- G*009-O
/*5<10N/*04*3E/;<-CiY Yf|zx\Of||Ò2Ca`m\C

Lexi Come Lip On I

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