LectureNotesinComputerScience:

AuthorsInstructionsforthePreparation
ofCameraReadyContributions
toLNCS/LNAI/LNBIProceedings
AlfredHofmann1, ,BrigitteApfel1,UrsulaBarth1,ChristineGnther1,
IngridHaas1,FrankHolzwarth1,AnnaKramer1,LeonieKunz1,
NicoleSator1,ErikaSiebertCole1andPeterStraer1,
1

SpringerVerlag,ComputerScienceEditorial,Tiergartenstr.17,
69121Heidelberg,Germany
{Alfred.Hofmann,Brigitte.Apfel,Ursula.Barth,Christine.Guenther,
Ingrid.Haas,Frank.Holzwarth,Anna.Kramer,Leonie.Kunz,
Nicole.Sator,Erika.SiebertCole,Peter.Strasser,LNCS}@Springer.com

Abstract.Theabstractshouldsummarizethecontentsofthepaperandshould
containatleast70andatmost150words.Itshouldbesetin9pointfontsize
andshouldbeinset1.0cmfromtherightandleftmargins.Thereshouldbetwo
blank(10point)linesbeforeandaftertheabstract.Thisdocumentisinthe
requiredformat.
Keywords: We would like to encourage you to list your keywords in this
section.

1Introduction
ThisinstructionfileforWordusers(thereisaseparateinstructionfileforLaTeX
users)maybeusedasatemplate.KindlysendthefinalandcheckedWordandPDF
filesofyourpapertotheContactVolumeEditor.Thisisusuallyoneoftheorganizers
oftheconference.YoushouldmakesurethattheWordandthePDFfilesareidentical
andcorrectandthatonlyoneversionofyourpaperissent.Itisnotpossibletoupdate
filesatalaterstage.Pleasenotethatwedonotneedtheprintedpaper.
Wewouldliketodrawyourattentiontothefactthatitisnotpossibletomodifya
paperinanyway,onceithasbeenpublished.Thisappliestoboththeprintedbook
andtheonlineversionofthepublication.Everydetail,includingtheorderofthe
names of theauthors, should be checked before the paper issent tothe Volume
Editors.
PleasenotethattheLNCSEditorialassumesthatallauthorshaveusedthewestern
namingconvention,withgivennamesprecedingsurnames.Thisdeterminesthe
structureofthenamesintherunningheadsandtheauthorindex.
1

1.1CheckingthePDFFile
KindlyassurethattheContactVolumeEditorisgiventhenameandemailaddressof
thecontactauthorforyourpaper.TheContactVolumeEditorusesthesedetailsto
compilealistforourproductiondepartmentatSPSinIndia.Oncethefileshavebeen
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Thecontactauthorisaskedtocheckthroughthefinalpdftomakesurethatnoerrors
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anopportunitytoupdateorcopyeditthepapers,whichisnotpossibleduetotime
constraints. Only errors introduced during the preparation of the files will be
corrected.
Thisroundofcheckingtakesplaceabouttwoweeksafterthefileshavebeensent
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startoftheconferenceforconferenceproceedings,orsevenweeksbeforethevolume
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Insomecases,itistheContactVolumeEditorthatchecksallthepdfs.Insuch
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ThecopyrightformmaybedownloadedfromtheForAuthorssectionoftheLNCS
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2PaperPreparation
Theprintingareais122mm193mm.Thetextshouldbejustifiedtooccupythefull
line width, so that the right margin is not ragged, with words hyphenated as
appropriate.Pleasefillpagessothatthelengthofthetextisnolessthan180mm,if
possible.

Use 10point type for the name(s) of the author(s) and 9point type for the
address(es)andtheabstract.Forthemaintext,pleaseuse10pointtypeandsingle
linespacing.WerecommendtheuseofComputerModernRomanorTimes.Italic
typemaybeusedtoemphasizewordsinrunningtext.Boldtypeandunderlining
shouldbeavoided.
PapersnotcomplyingwiththeLNCSstylewillbereformatted.Thiscanleadtoan
increaseintheoverallnumberofpages.Wewouldthereforeurgeyounottosquash
yourpaper.
Headings. Headingsshouldbecapitalized (i.e.,nouns,verbs,andallotherwords
exceptarticles,prepositions,andconjunctionsshouldbesetwithaninitialcapital)
andshould,withtheexceptionofthetitle,bealignedtotheleft.Wordsjoinedbya
hyphenaresubjecttoaspecialrule.Ifthefirstwordcanstandalone,thesecondword
shouldbecapitalized.ThefontsizesaregiveninTable1.
Herearesomeexamplesofheadings:"CriteriatoDisproveContextFreenessof
Collage Languages", "On Correcting the Intrusion of Tracing Nondeterministic
ProgramsbySoftware","AUserFriendlyandExtendableDataDistributionSystem",
"MultiflipNetworks:ParallelizingGenSAT","SelfdeterminationsofMan".
Table1.Fontsizesofheadings.Tablecaptionsshouldalwaysbepositionedabovethetables.
Headinglevel
Title(centered)

Example

1stlevelheading

1Introduction

2 levelheading
3rdlevelheading
4thlevelheading
nd

LectureNotes
2.1PrintingArea
Headings.Textfollows
Remark.Textfollows

Fontsizeandstyle
14point,bold
12point,bold
10point,bold
10point,bold
10point,italic

Lemmas, Propositions, and Theorems. The numbers accorded to lemmas,

propositions, and theorems, etc. should appear in consecutive order, starting with
Lemma1,andnot,forexample,withLemma11.
2.1Figures
Pleasecheckthatthelinesinlinedrawingsarenotinterruptedandhaveaconstant
width.Gridsanddetailswithinthefiguresmustbeclearlylegibleandmaynotbe
writtenoneontopoftheother.Linedrawingsshouldhavearesolutionofatleast800
dpi(preferably1200dpi).Theletteringinfiguresshouldhaveaheightof2mm(10
pointtype). Figuresshouldbenumberedandshouldhaveacaptionwhichshould
alwaysbepositionedunderthefigures,incontrasttothecaptionbelongingtoatable,
whichshouldalwaysappearabovethetable.Pleasecenterthecaptionsbetweenthe
margins and set them in 9point type (Fig.1 shows an example). The distance

between text and figure should be about 8 mm, the distance between figure and
captionabout6mm.
Toensurethatthereproductionofyourillustrationsisofareasonablequality,we
adviseagainsttheuseofshading.Thecontrastshouldbeaspronouncedaspossible.
Ifscreenshotsarenecessary,pleasemakesurethatyouarehappywiththeprint
qualitybeforeyousendthefiles.
Remark 1. In the printed volumes, illustrations are generally black and white
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extracostsinvolved,arecoloredpicturesaccepted.Coloredpicturesarewelcomein
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inblackandwhite,pleasemakesurethattheyreallyarelegibleinblackandwhite.
Somecolorsshowupverypoorlywhenprintedinblackandwhite.

Fig.1.Onekernelatxs(dottedkernel)ortwokernelsatxiandxj(leftandright)leadtothe
same summed estimate at xs. This shows a figure consisting of different types of lines.
Elementsofthefiguredescribedinthecaptionshouldbesetinitalics,inparentheses,asshown
inthissamplecaption.

2.2Formulas
Displayedequationsorformulasarecenteredandsetonaseparateline(withanextra
lineorhalflinespaceaboveandbelow).Displayedexpressionsshouldbenumbered
forreference.Thenumbersshouldbeconsecutivewithineachsectionorwithinthe
contribution,withnumbersenclosedinparenthesesandsetontherightmargin.
x+y=z.

(0)

Equationsshouldbepunctuatedinthesamewayasordinarytextbutwithasmall
spacebeforetheendpunctuationmark.
2.3Footnotes
Thesuperscriptnumeralusedtorefertoafootnoteappearsinthetexteitherdirectly
afterthewordtobediscussedorinrelationtoaphraseorasentencefollowingthe
punctuation mark (comma, semicolon, or period). Footnotes should appear at the
bottomofthenormaltextarea,withalineofabout5cmsetimmediatelyabovethem .
2

2.4ProgramCode
Programlistingsorprogramcommandsinthetextarenormallysetintypewriterfont,
e.g.,CMTT10orCourier.
ExampleofaComputerProgramfromJensenK.,WirthN.(1991)Pascalusermanualand
report.Springer,NewYork

programInflation(Output)
{Assumingannualinflationratesof7%,8%,and
10%,...years};
constMaxYears=10;
varYear:0..MaxYears;
Factor1,Factor2,Factor3:Real;
begin
Year:=0;
Factor1:=1.0;Factor2:=1.0;Factor3:=1.0;
2

Thefootnotenumeralissetflushleftandthetextfollowswiththeusualwordspacing.

WriteLn('Year7%8%10%');WriteLn;
repeat
Year:=Year+1;
Factor1:=Factor1*1.07;
Factor2:=Factor2*1.08;
Factor3:=Factor3*1.10;
WriteLn(Year:5,Factor1:7:3,Factor2:7:3,
Factor3:7:3)
untilYear=MaxYears
end.
2.5Citations
Forcitationsinthetextpleaseusesquarebracketsandconsecutivenumbers:[1],[2],
[3],etc.
2.6PageNumberingandRunningHeads
Thereisnoneedtoincludepagenumbers.Ifyourpapertitleistoolongtoserveasa
runninghead,itwillbeshortened.Yoursuggestionastohowtoshortenitwouldbe
mostwelcome.

3LNCSOnline
TheonlineversionofthevolumewillbeavailableinLNCSOnline.Membersof
institutessubscribingtotheLectureNotesinComputerScienceserieshaveaccessto
allthepdfsofalltheonlinepublications.Nonsubscriberscanonlyreadasfarasthe
abstracts.Iftheytrytogobeyondthispoint,theyareautomaticallyasked,whether
theywouldliketoorderthepdf,andaregiveninstructionsastohowtodoso.
Please note that, if your email address is given in your paper, it will also be
includedinthemetadataoftheonlineversion.

4BibTeXEntries
ThecorrectBibTeXentriesfortheLectureNotesinComputerSciencevolumescan
be found at the following Website shortly after the publication of the book:
http://www.informatik.unitrier.de/~ley/db/journals/lncs.html
Acknowledgments.Theheadingshouldbetreatedasa3 rdlevelheadingandshould
notbeassignedanumber.

5TheReferencesSection
InordertopermitcrossreferencingwithinLNCSOnline,andeventuallybetween
different publishers and their online databases, LNCS will, from now on, be
standardizingtheformatofthereferences.Thisnewfeaturewillincreasethevisibility
of publications and facilitate academic research considerably. Please base your
referencesontheexamplesbelow.Referencesthatdontadheretothisstylewillbe
reformatted by Springer. You should therefore check your references thoroughly
whenyoureceivethefinalpdfofyourpaper.Thereferencesectionmustbecomplete.
Youmaynotomitreferences.Instructionsastowheretofindafullerversionofthe
referencesarenotpermissible.
Weonlyacceptreferenceswrittenusingthelatinalphabet.Ifthetitleofthebook
youarereferringtoisinRussianorChinese,thenpleasewrite(inRussian)or(in
Chinese)attheendofthetranscriptortranslationofthetitle.
Thefollowingsectionshowsasamplereferencelistwithentriesforjournalarticles
[1],anLNCSchapter[2],abook[3],proceedingswithouteditors[4]and[5],aswell
asaURL[6].PleasenotethatproceedingspublishedinLNCSarenotcitedwiththeir
fulltitles,butwiththeiracronyms!

References
1. Smith,T.F.,Waterman,M.S.:IdentificationofCommonMolecularSubsequences.J.Mol.
Biol.147,195197(1981)
2. May, P., Ehrlich, H.C., Steinke, T.: ZIB Structure Prediction Pipeline: Composing a
Complex Biological Workflow through Web Services. In: Nagel, W.E., Walter, W.V.,
Lehner,W.(eds.)EuroPar2006.LNCS,vol.4128,pp.11481158.Springer,Heidelberg
(2006)
3. Foster,I.,Kesselman,C.:TheGrid:BlueprintforaNewComputingInfrastructure.Morgan
Kaufmann,SanFrancisco(1999)
4. Czajkowski, K., Fitzgerald, S., Foster, I., Kesselman, C.: Grid Information Services for
DistributedResourceSharing.In:10thIEEEInternationalSymposiumonHighPerformance
DistributedComputing,pp.181184.IEEEPress,NewYork(2001)
5. Foster,I.,Kesselman,C.,Nick,J.,Tuecke,S.:ThePhysiologyoftheGrid:anOpenGrid
ServicesArchitectureforDistributedSystemsIntegration. Technical report, GlobalGrid
Forum(2002)
6. NationalCenterforBiotechnologyInformation,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Appendix:SpringerAuthorDiscount
LNCSauthorsareentitledtoa33.3%discountoffallSpringerpublications.Before
placinganorder,theyshouldsendanemailtoordersHDindividuals@springer.com,
givingfulldetailsoftheirSpringerpublication,toobtainasocalledtoken.Thistoken

isanumber,whichmustbeenteredwhenplacinganorderviatheInternet,inorderto
obtainthediscount.

ChecklistofItemstobeSenttoVolumeEditors
1.
2.
3.
4.

AfinalWordorRTFfile
AfinalPDFfile
Acopyrightform,signedbyoneauthoronbehalfofalloftheauthorsofthepaper
Areadmegivingthenameandemailaddressofthecorrespondingauthor