Engineering Mechanics

A branch of Engineering that deals with

External Forces of an assumably rigid
bodies

TYPES OF MECHANICS

Statics
Study of External Forces applied on a body
while being remain at rest

CHARACTERISTIC OF A FORCE
Magnitude

Concurrent Forces
A set of forces having all its directions
converge at a common point

Parallel Forces

A set of forces having the same direction

but do not converge at a common point

Dynamics
Study of External Forces applied on a body
inducing any motion.

FORCE SYSTEM

Coplanar Forces
A set of forces acting on a single plane

Moment
Rotation of a Force at a point or an axis

Moment Arm
Shortest distance of a force from the point

or axis

Amount of force

Direction
Orientation of the Path where the force will
be imposed.

KINDS OF LOADS
Point Load
Loads concentratedly imposed at a point on
a Free Body Diagram

Uniform Load
Series of concentrated loads with uniform
magnitude

Varying Line Loads

Series of concentrated loads with varying
magnitude

Free-Body Diagram
An isolated view of a body where all
considered set of force/s are shown.

Resultant Forces
Representative force of the cummulative
effects of forces

Sense
Manner of how the force acts on its
specified direction

TYPES OF FORCES

Component of a Force
Part of the Resultant force resolved at the
direction of the coordinate axes

Strength of Materials

Branch of engineering that deals with the

internal effects of forces on the body.

Ratio of longitudinal stress to the

corresponding longitudinal strain caused by
the stress

Stress

The ratio between shearing stress and the

shearing strain.

Strain
It is the unit deformation of a material
subjected to an applied load

Lines depicting the direction but not the

magnitude of the principal stress of the
beam

Strain Gauge

The brittle behavior low temperature can

cause in a normally ductile material

Yield Strength

TYPES OF INTERNAL FORCES

Strength that produce a limiting permanent

set
Elasticity

Ductility
Property that enables the material to deform
under tensile load
Modulus of Elasticity
-It is the ratio between the unit stress and
unit deformation caused by stress
-Derived by Hookes law

Axial Forces
Forces done along the longitudinal axis or
the length of the material

Property that enables deformity upon the

force applied and recovers after removing
such force

Temperature Effect

Rupture Strength
Strength in which material breaks or cracks

Strain Rate Effect

The behavior an increased rate of load
application can cause in normally ductile
material

MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Modulus of Resistance
The internal resisting moment of a beam. It
is opposite in sense to the bending moment
but of the same magnitude

Also called as extensometer

Instrument to measure a minute
deformation

Modulus of Resilience
The capacity of the material to absorb
energy without danger of being permanently
deformed

Stress Trajectories

Shear Modulus of Elasticity

Also called Modulus of Rigidity, Modulus of
Torsion.

It is the unit strength of element

Youngs Modulus

Axial Stresses
Stress that develops to resist axial force
TYPES OF AXIAL LOADS

Compression

Act of Shortening or State of Pushing

Together

Tension
Act of Stretching or State of Pulling apart

SHEAR LOAD

Shear Force
Forces done perpendicular the longitudinal
axis or the length of the material

A temporary change in the shape the body

produced by a stress less than the elastic
limit of the material

Shearing Stress

Inelastic strain in a material

Stress that develops to resist axial force

ECCENTRIC FORCE
Bending

Torsion
Twisting effect on to the cross section

Elastic Deformation

Creep
Gradual permanent deformation produced
by continuous application of loads

Force producing both tension and

compression on to the cross-section of the
body.

Permanent Set

Stress Relaxation
The time-dependent decrease in strength
capacity in a constrained material

Fatigue
Failure to maintain elastic limit subjected to
repeated series of stress