1.a.Write the uses of computer networks in the companies.

b. Write the uses of computer networks for people.

2.a. Differentiate the following: Lan, MAN and WAN
b. Draw and explain different Network Topologies.
3.a. What is the necessasity of layered architecture?
b. Explain the purpose of protocols and interfaces at different layers with an
example.
4.a. List the design issues for the layers.
b. How the services are related to protocols?
5.a. Discuss the connection oriented and connectionless services.
b. Illustrate the four classes of service primitives.
6.a. List the principles that were applied to arrive at the seven layers in OSI
reference model
b. Write the difference between OSI and TCP/IP Reference Models.
7. Describe OSI Reference Model.
8. Describe the ATM Reference Model.
9. Describe the TCP/IP Reference Model.
10. Discuss in detail about wireless networks.
11.a. How to find the maximum datarate of a channel.
b. How to analyze the behaviour of the signal mathematically using Fourier
analysis
12.a. What is the purpose of physical layer? What are the two different types of
media/
b. Describe the magnetic media.
13.a. Describe the Twisted pair as a medium.
b. Describe the Coaxial cable with a neat sketch.
14.a. Compare the fiber optics with copper wire
b. Write the advantages of Fiber optics.
15.a. Draw and explain Fiber cables in detail.
b. Illustrate the four classes of service primitives.

UNIT-II
1.a. Discuss the design issues of Data Link Layer (DLL)?
b. Identify and list the services offered by Data Link Layer to the Network Layer.
2. Demonstrate Framing.
3. Consider the Data: 1001101 and answer the following:
i) Calculate the number of redundancy bits required ii) Determine the positions
of various data bits and redundancy bits.
iii) Determine the values of
redundant bits.
4.a. How to calculate Checksum? Explain with an example.
b. What is checksum?
5. Demonstrate CRC with suitable example.
6. Given are: G(X)= x^3 +x+1 and M(x) = x^3 +1. Determine the message to
be send.
7.a. What is flow control? Why is it essential at the data link layer? Mention few
techniques for the same?
b. Demonstrate the Go-Back-N protocol
8. Explain one bit sliding window protocol
9. Discuss the Stop and Wait protocol
10.a. Illustrate Static channel allocation scheme in LANs and MANs.
b. Illustrate Dynamic channel allocation scheme in LANs and MANs.
11.a. Demonstrate CSMA/CD protocol in detail.
b. List the most common types of Ethernet cabling.
12.a. Discuss Switched Ethernet in detail.
b. Illustrate Fast Ethernet.
13.a. Why a single organization must end up with multiple LANs?
b. Demonstrate the spanning tree bridges.
14. Given are: G(X)= x^3 +x and M(x) = x^5+ x^3 +x^2+1. Determine the
message to be send.
15. Illustrate the framing techniques in detail.
Unit-III

1.a. Identify and list out the issues while designing the services provided to the
Transport Layer from the Network Layer.
b. Write the difference between Virtual Circuits and Datagram Subnets.
2. Discuss the shortest path routing algorithm with an example.

3. Consider the following subnet and construct the new routing table for node J
using Distance Vector Routing Algorithm. Delay: JA-8, JI-10, JH-12, JK-6 and
routing tables for A,I,H and K are as follow

4. Explain the step by step process of Link State Routing Algorithm.

5.a. Discuss the hierarchical routing algorithm with an example.
b. What is Fragmentation? Discuss about this.
6. Explain the following:
Routing

(i) Broadcast Routing

(ii) Multicast

7.a. List out all the categories of the Congestion Control Algorithm.
b. Illustrate Congestion control policies.
8. Demonstrate the approaches to congestion management which are widely
used in ATM Networks.(Traffic Shaping)
9.a. Demonstrate leaky bucket algorithm
b. Discuss token bucket algorithm in detail.
10. How to control the congestion in virtual circuit subnets?
11.a. Discuss the Resource Reservation Protocol.

b. How Networks differ in Internetworking?

12.a. Consider any Internetwork and explain how routing taken place in that
Internetwork.
b. Imagine the case where source and destination hosts are on the same type of
network, but there is different network in between. How these source and
destination are going to communicate with each other?
13.a. Explain the network layer protocol, IP.
b. Discuss optimality principle
14.a. Discuss the IP address format.
b. Illustrate subnet in detail.
15. Demonstrate the Classless Inter Domain Routing.
UNIT-IV
1.a. Does the transport layer provide services to the application layer? If

so, demonstrate each and every service.

b. How does transport service differ from network service?
2.a. List and explain every service primitive for a simple transport service.
b. Demonstrate the socket primitives used in Berkeley for TCP.
3.a. Differentiate Data link protocols from transport protocols.
b. Illustrate the relationship between NSAP and TSAP.
4.a. Demonstrate Initial Connection Protocol with suitable example.
b. Mention the different ways to deal with delayed duplicates.
5. Draw and explain the Three way handshake protocol while establishing

a connection.
6. Discuss the solutions for three army problem.
7. What is flow control? Discuss the methods for flow control in transport

layer.
8.a. Illustrate upward and downward multiplexing.
b. Discuss the different combinations of client server strategies in cash

recovery.
9.a. Explain the UDP frame format.

b. Demonstrate each field in the RTP header.

10. Write the steps in making a remote procedure call.
11. Discuss the usage of every field in the TCP Header.
12. Draw and explain the TCP connection management finite state

machine.
13.a. What does Nagles algorithm suggest?
b. Provide the solution for Silly Window Syndrome.
14. Discuss in detail about TCP connection establishment and connection

release.
15. Discuss the TCP connection management modelling techniques.
UNIT-V
1.a. What is the main goal of Domain Name system?
b. Illustrate DNS Name Space in detail.
2.a. What does a Resource Record consists of?
b. Explain the principal DNS Resource Record Types for Ipv4.
3.a. Why the DNS Name Space is divided into Zones?
b. How does a resolver looksup a remote name?
4.a. List the limitations of the first e-mail system.
b. Identify and illustrate the five basic functions of e-mail system.
5. Demonstrate the Architecture and Services of e-mail system.
6. Discuss the user agent in e-mail system.
7.a. Identify the problems with RFC822 Message Format.
b. Demonstrate MIME in detail.
8. Explain the SMTP protocol in detail.
9.a. Illustrate POP3
b. Discuss the delivery features of e-mail system.
10.a. Differentiate POP3 from IMAP
b. Discuss IMAP in detail

11.a. Draw the basic model of web and explain how the web works.
b. Define URL and Illustrate the parts of URL
12.a. Traceout the steps that occur when a client selects a link.
b. Discuss the solutions when a browser can not interpret a page.
13.a. List the steps that the server performs in response to client requests.
b. Discuss the techniques for building a faster server.
14. Explain DES algorithm in detail.
15. Demonstrate RSA algorithm with suitable example.
Bit questions- unit-1
Define computer networks
How a computer network is differ from distributed system?
List the goals of networks for organizations
What is client server model?
How the networks are useful to the people?
What are two types of transmission technologies?
What is broadcasting?
What is multicasting?
What does the point to point networks consists of?
Define LAN.
Define MAN.
Define WAN.
What is packet switched subnet?
List of possible topologies for a point to point subnet in WAN
Define internetworking.
What is meant by a protocol?
What is network architecture?
Define protocol stack.
What is simplex communication?

What is half duplex communication?

What is full duplex communication?
List different classes of service primitives.
What is signal to noise ratio?
What is multimode fiber?
List the two kinds of light sources can be used to do signalling in fiber cables
List the main applications of internet.
List four protocols used in application layer.
List protocols used in transport layer.
Define flow control.
Differentiate the connection oriented and connection less services.
Unit-2
Write the functions of Data Link Layer.
Draw the relationship between packets and Frames.
List the common services offered by the Data Link Layer.

List the different phases when connection oriented services is used to transfer in Data Link Lay
Write the methods which are stated to identify start and end of each frame.
Define Byte stuffing.
State even parity with an example.
What is checksum?
What is selective repeat?
Define Flow control.
Define Hamming distance.
What is Stop and Wait protocol?
What is piggybacking?
Define pipelining.
What is Bit stuffing?

Which channels are referred as multi access channels?

List out five key assumptions in Dynamic channel allocation in LANs and MANs.
Define Carrier sense protocols.
What is 1-persistent CSMA?
Identify any two reasons which makes the sender to retransmit the frame
What is thick Ethernet?
Define Time Domain Reflectometry.
What is the necessity of Transceiver in 10Base5?
List out the four kinds of Ethernet cabling.
Identify the advantages of 10Base-F.
What is the length of checksum field in IEEE 802.3 frame format?
Draw the position of LLC in DLL.
What is the necessity of a Bridge?
Identify the devices which are used at different layers.
What is the role of switch in switched Ethernet?

Unit-3
Why the Network Layer/ Transport Layer interface is important?
What are the main goals considered while designing the Network layer services?
Define virtual circuit.
Define Datagrams.
What is the purpose of Routing Algorithm?
How the routing Algorithms are classified?
Define optimality principle.
What is flow based Routing?
List the five parts in the Link state Algorithm.
How to measure the line cost in link state algorithm?

Define Multicast Routing.

Define Broadcast Routing.
Define congestion.
What is the necessity of controlling the congestion?
Classify the congestion control algorithms.
List out the congestion prevention policies in Transport Layer.
List out the congestion prevention policies in Network Layer.
What is Traffic shaping?
What is Traffic policing?
Describe the necessity of Flow specification.
Provide the main essence of the Fair queueing Algorithm.
Define Jitter
Define Internet.
Differentiate a bridge from a Repeater.
Write the necessity of multiprotocol router in Internetworking.
What is Tunneling?
What imposes the limits of the maximum size packets?
Define Fragmentation.
What is the length of the IP Address?
What is the necessity of ARP?

Unit-4
What is the main goal of Transport layer?
Define Transport entity.
Draw the logical relationship between network layer, transport layer & application layer.

The transport layer service is so similar to network layer service. Why are there two distinct la
List the five primitives for a simple transport protocol

What does TPDU stands for?

List out the socket primitives for TCP.
Define Socket.
Identify any two difference between Data Link Layer protocols and Transport protocols.
Define the term Port.
What does NSAP stands for?
Mention the two ways to release a connection.
What makes impractical to implement data link buffering strategy for flow control in transport
What is upward multiplexing?
What is downward multiplexing?
Identify the two main protocols in the Transport layer.
Why do we use source port & Destination port in the UDP segment header?
Why do we need UDP length field in the UDP segment header?
Define client stub.
Define sever stub.
What is marshalling?
What UDP does not do?
Define RPC.
List any two applications where UDP segment are used.
Draw and label the position of RTP in the protocol stack.
Why do we use P bit in the RTP header?
Mention the need of sequence number in the RTP.
How does an internetwork differ from a single network?
List any four well known ports.
What is the necessity of PUSH bit in TCP header?

Unit-5

What is the purpose of DNS?

Define resolver.
List the two categories of top level domains.
List any four top level generic domains.
What does the domain name .Pro indicate?
How to create new domain?
What does a resource record consist of?
Mention any four DNS resource records
What does CNAME resource record indicate?
Why do we partition the DNS name space into zones?
Identify the two subsystems in email system.
Write the usage of user agents in email system.
Write the usage of message transfer agents in email system.
Write the applications of mailing list.
Mention the purpose of composition function
What is the purpose of transfer function?
List the fields in the RFC822 header
Identify the purpose of SMTP
Write the three states of pop3 protocol in sequence
What does a mail box consists of?
Define browser
Define hyper links
What is persistent cookie?
What is non persistent cookie?
List the built in HTTP request methods
Write any two helper applications.
What is Encryption?
What is Decryption?

What is cipher?
Classify cryptographic algorithms based on the number of keys