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Air conditioning processes consists of five processes but we tried to focus only four types of processes:
1. Simple Heating (raising the temperature)
2. Simple Cooling (lowering the temperature)
3. Humidifying (adding moisture)
4. Dehumidifying (removing moisture)
5. Adiabatic Mixing of Air Streams (increase fresh air circulation)
Air conditioning processes can be modeled as steady flow processes:
Mass conservation:
Dry air : ma,i = mw,e
Water
Energy conservation:
Disregard kinetic and potential energy changes
Steady Flow Energy Balance
Ei = Eo
Qi + Wi + mihi = Qe + We + mehe
Simple heating and cooling:
1.
The amount of moisture for simple heating and cooling remains constant because no
moisture is added or removed into the air stream. Therefore, the specific humidity at the inlet and the exit
remains equal ( i= e ).
2. Heating method: the air stream flow inside a duct and passes resistance wires (heaters). Heat is added to
the air stream, so the dry bulb temperature increases (T e> Ti).
Heating Element
1
Q
3. Cooling method: the air stream passes through cooling coil (evaporator tubes of a refrigeration system).
Heat transfer occurs from the hotter air stream to the cooler refrigerant of chilled water flow, and the dry
bulb temperatures decreases ( Te< Ti)
Conservation of mass:
ma,1 = mw,2
and
( 1 = 2)
Conservation of energy:
Q = ma (h2 - h1)
q = h2 - h1
Heating Element
Humidifier
1
Q
2. If the humidifying agent used is steam, this will result in additional heating (T3 > T2).
3. If water is sprayed, the stream will be partially cooled (T 3 < T2)
Cooling Element
Mass conservation
Dry air mass balance: ma1 = ma2 =ma3 =ma
1
Water mass balance: ma11 = ma22 , (1 = 2) (heating section)
ma22 + mw = ma33
( humidifying section)
mw =ma(3 - 2)
Energy Balance:
The air is allowed to cool at a longer period until it reaches its dew point (saturation state). Further
cooling along the saturation state (100% relative humidity 0 will result in condensation of part of the
moisture in the air.
Heating Element
1
Q
Condesate Removal
mhin= Qout+mhout
Qout
Eliminating ma3
m a1
h h2 h3
2
ma 2 3 2
h3 h1