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THEORY:

Air conditioning processes consists of five processes but we tried to focus only four types of processes:
1. Simple Heating (raising the temperature)
2. Simple Cooling (lowering the temperature)
3. Humidifying (adding moisture)
4. Dehumidifying (removing moisture)
5. Adiabatic Mixing of Air Streams (increase fresh air circulation)
Air conditioning processes can be modeled as steady flow processes:
Mass conservation:
Dry air : ma,i = mw,e
Water

: mw,i= mw,e or maii = ma,ee

Energy conservation:
Disregard kinetic and potential energy changes
Steady Flow Energy Balance
Ei = Eo
Qi + Wi + mihi = Qe + We + mehe
Simple heating and cooling:
1.

The amount of moisture for simple heating and cooling remains constant because no
moisture is added or removed into the air stream. Therefore, the specific humidity at the inlet and the exit
remains equal ( i= e ).

2. Heating method: the air stream flow inside a duct and passes resistance wires (heaters). Heat is added to
the air stream, so the dry bulb temperature increases (T e> Ti).

Heating Element

1
Q

3. Cooling method: the air stream passes through cooling coil (evaporator tubes of a refrigeration system).
Heat transfer occurs from the hotter air stream to the cooler refrigerant of chilled water flow, and the dry
bulb temperatures decreases ( Te< Ti)
Conservation of mass:
ma,1 = mw,2

and

( 1 = 2)

Conservation of energy:
Q = ma (h2 - h1)
q = h2 - h1

Heating with humidification


1. Simple heating processes produced low relative humidity (air is dry), because the moisture amount is
constant (mv and constant) but the maximum moisture absorption capacity (mg) increases with
temperature rise.

From water tank

Heating Element

Humidifier

1
Q
2. If the humidifying agent used is steam, this will result in additional heating (T3 > T2).
3. If water is sprayed, the stream will be partially cooled (T 3 < T2)

Cooling Element

Mass conservation
Dry air mass balance: ma1 = ma2 =ma3 =ma
1
Water mass balance: ma11 = ma22 , (1 = 2) (heating section)
ma22 + mw = ma33

( humidifying section)
mw =ma(3 - 2)

Energy Balance:

Qin + mah1= ma h2( heating section)


Qin= ma(h2 - h1)

Cooling with dehumidification:


1. Dehumidification is process to remove excess water in the dry air by condensation. It is achieving by
altering the cooling process.
2.

The air is allowed to cool at a longer period until it reaches its dew point (saturation state). Further
cooling along the saturation state (100% relative humidity 0 will result in condensation of part of the
moisture in the air.

Heating Element

1
Q

Condesate Removal

Dry air mass balance: ma1 = ma2 = ma


ma22 + mw =ma3
mw =ma(1 - 2)
Energy Balance:

mhin= Qout+mhout

Qout

= m (h2 - h1) - mwhw

Adiabatic mixing of air streams.


1. The mixing process is assuming adiabatic (no heat transfer with the surrounding).
2. Two stream of air (treated air from air conditioning process ing and fresh outside air) is merging and
exists as one single stream with combined properties.
Dry air mass balance :ma1 + ma2 = ma3
ma11 + ma22 =ma33

Water mass balance :


Energy balance

ma1h1 +ma2h2 = ma3h3

Eliminating ma3

m a1
h h2 h3
2

ma 2 3 2
h3 h1

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