10/2/2016

HowdoIinterpretdatainSPSSfora1waybetweensubjectsANOVA?

HowdoIinterpretdatainSPSSfora1waybetweensubjects
ANOVA?
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Home>HowdoIinterpretdatainSPSSfora1waybetweensubjectsANOVA?

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DescriptivesBox

Takealookatthisbox.Youcanseeeachconditionnameinleftmostcolumn.Ifyouhavegivenyourconditions
meaningfulnames,youshouldknowexactlywhichconditionsthesenamesrepresent.Youcanfindoutthenumberof
participants,themeanandstandarddeviationforeachconditionbyreadingacrosseachofthethreeconditionrows.
Youcanalsoseethingsliketheminimumandmaximumvalueineachcondition,aswellasconfidenceintervalsand
standarderror.

Example

InthisDescriptiveStatisticsbox,themeanforthesugarconditionis4.20.Themeanthemeanforthealittlesugar
conditionis3.60andthemeanforthenosugarconditionis2.20.Thestandarddeviationforthesugarconditionis1.30,
thestandarddeviationforthealittlesugarconditionis0.89andthestandarddeviationforthenosugarconditionis
0.84(whenrounded).Thenumberofparticipantsineachcondition(N)is5.

ComparetheMeans

WeuseANOVAtodetermineifthemeansarestatisticallydifferent.ButyoudonthavetouseANOVAtofindoutsome
basicinformationaboutmeandifferences.Compareyourmeans.Whichoneisthehighest?Whichisthelowest?Ifyou
weretofindsignificantdifferenceswithyourANOVA,whatdothesedirectionaldifferencesinthemeanssayaboutyour
results?Inthisexample,themeanforthesugarconditionis4.2wordswhereasthemeanforthenosugarconditionis
2.2wordsremembered.ThemeanfortheAlittleSugarCondition,3.6,fallsinbetweenthesetwo.Sojusteyeballingit,
wecanseethattherearemorewordsrememberedintheSugarcondition.WeneedourANOVAtodetermineifthe
differencesbetweenconditionmeansaresignificant.WeneedANOVAtomakeaconclusionaboutwhethertheIV
(sugaramount)hadaneffectontheDV(numberofwordsremembered).Butlookingatthemeanscangiveusahead
startininterpretation.

ANOVABox

Thisisthenextboxyouwilllookat.Itshowstheresultsofthe1WayBetweenSubjectsANOVAthatyouconducted.
TakealootattheSig.valueinthelastcolumn.

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HowdoIinterpretdatainSPSSfora1waybetweensubjectsANOVA?

Sigvalue

Thisvaluewillhelpyoudetermineifyourconditionmeanswererelativelythesameoriftheyweresignificantlydifferent
fromoneanother.Putdifferently,thisvaluewillhelpyoudetermineifyourIVhadaneffect.Inthisexample,theSig.
valueis0.027.

IftheSigvalueisgreaterthan05

Youcanconcludethatthereisnostatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenyourthreeconditions.Youcanconclude
thatthedifferencesbetweenconditionMeansarelikelyduetochanceandnotlikelyduetotheIVmanipulation.

IftheSigvalueislessthanorequalto.05

Youcanconcludethatthereisastatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenyourthreeconditions.Youcanconcludethat
thedifferencesbetweenconditionMeansarenotlikelyduetochangeandareprobablyduetotheIVmanipulation.

Ourexample

TheSig.valueinourexampleis0.027.Thisvalueislessthan.05.Becauseofthis,wecanconcludethatthereisa
statisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenthemeannumberowordsrememberedforallofourconditions(sugar,alittle
sugar,nosugar).

Theproblem

TheSigvaluedoesnottellyouwhichconditionmeansaredifferent.Itcouldbethatonlythesugarconditionis
significantlydifferentthanthenosugarconditionintermsofnumberofwordsremembered.Itcouldbethatonlythea
littlesugarconditionissignificantlydifferentthanthenosugarcondition.Itcouldbethatallconditionsaresignificantly
differentfromeachother.TheSigvaluecantellusthatthereisasignificantdifferencebetweensomeoftheconditions.
Itjustcannottelluswhichones.

Thesolution

Researchershavesolvedthisproblembyconductingposthoctests.Thesetestsareusedwhenhehavefound
statisticalsignificancebetweenconditionsbutwhenwedontknowwherethesignificantdifferencesare.Thesetests
arenotusedwhentheresultsofa1WayBetweenSubjectsANOVAarenotsignificantbecausethereisnoneed.But
whenwedofindastatisticallysignificantresult,whentheSig.valueislessthan.05,weneedtousethesetests.

Typesofteststouse

Whenyouanalyzedyourdata,youmightrememberbeingaskedtoclickonthePostHocbutton.Thisbuttonbrought
upaPostHocMultipleComparisonsboxwithmanyoptionstocheck.Theseoptionsrepresentedvariousposthoc
tests.Mostofthesetestshavestrangenames(likeBonferroniandScheffe)butthatsjustbecausetheyarenamed
afterthepeoplewhoinventedthem.Youwereaskedtochecktwotests,TukeyandDunnettsT3.Youreallycouldhave
checkedasmanyasyouliked.TheTukeytestispopularsowewillfocusonthatone.Ifyoufindasignificantresultwith
a1WayBetweenSubjectsANOVA,andifyourIVhas3levels,youwillneedtousetheresultsofaposthoctestlike
theTukeytesttocompare

Condition1andCondition2
Condition1andCondition3
Condition2andCondition3

Ourcxample

Becauseofthefactthatwefoundastatisticallysignificantresultinourexample,wewouldwanttolookattheresultsof
aposthoctestlikeTukey.Thiswillhelpusfindoutwhichofourconditionsweresignificantlydifferentfromeachother.
WeconductposthoctestsliketheTukeytocompareeachofthefollowingconditions.

SugarandNoSugar
AlittleSugarandNoSugar
AlittleSugarandSugar

Multiplecomparisonsbox

Thisistheplacewhereyouwilllooktofindtheresultsofyourposthoctests.Inthefirstcolumnofthisbox,youwillsee
yourconditionnames.Theconditionnamesappearinsixrows.Theserowsshowthecomparisonsofvarious
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HowdoIinterpretdatainSPSSfora1waybetweensubjectsANOVA?

conditions.Onthelefthandsideofeveryotherrow,youwillseeasingleconditionname.Ontherighthandsideof
eachrow,youwillseeaconditionname.Thestatisticsthatyouseeinthecolumnstotherightofthefirstcolumnshow
youthecomparisonbetweentheconditionnameontheleftandeachoftheconditionnamesontheright.

Ourexample

Inourexample,theconditionnameSugarappearsinthefirstcolumnonthelefthandsideofthetoprow.Thecondition
nameAlittlesugarappearstotherightofit.Ifwereadacrossthisparticularrow,wewillseestatisticsthatcompare
SugarandAlittlesugarconditions.WecanalsoseethenameNoSugarinthefirstcolumnontherighthandsideofthe
secondrow.Ifwereadacrossthisparticularrow,weseestatisticsthatcompareSugarandNoSugarconditions.

TheSigvalue

TakealookattheSigvaluewhenreadingacrosseachrow.TheSig.valuewilltellyouwhetherthetwoconditionsthat
arebeingcomparedaresignificantlydifferent.Iftheconditionsaresignificantlydifferent,theMeanDifferencevaluein
thecorrespondingrowwillalsocontainastar(*).Thereismorethatonewaytodeterminesignificancewhenusingthis
typeofposthoctest.

IftheSigvalueisgreaterthan05

Youcanconcludethatthereisnostatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenthetwoconditionsthatarebeing
compared.YoucanconcludethatthedifferencesbetweenconditionMeansarelikelyduetochanceandnotlikelydue
totheIVmanipulation.

IftheSigvalueislessthanorequalto.05

Youcanconcludethatthereisastatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenthetwoconditionsbeingcompared.Youcan
concludethatthedifferencesbetweenconditionMeansarenotlikelyduetochanceandareprobablyduetotheIV
manipulation.

OurExample

LookingattheSig.columninourexample,wecanseethatmostofthevaluesaregreaterthan.05.However,thereare
twovaluesthatare0.025.ThesevaluescorrespondwiththecomparisonbetweentheSugarandNoSugarconditions.
Forthisreason,wecanconcludethattheSugarandNoSugarconditionsaresignificantlydifferentintermsofwords
remembered.However,theotherconditioncomparisonsarenotsignificantlydifferentfromoneanother.Thismeans
thattheAlittleSugarconditionandNoSugarconditionarenotsignificantlydifferent.ItalsomeansthattheAlittle
SugarconditionandSugarconditionarenotsignificantlydifferent.

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