BIOSTATISTIKA INFERENSIAL

UJI CHI-SQUARE

TUGAS
Ditujukan untuk Memenuhi Tugas Mata Kuliah Biostatistika Inferential

DWI ELSA MARDIANA

101411131100
IKM C 2014

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

FAKULTAS KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT
UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
2015

SOAL 1. Tabel >2x2 Memenuhi Syarat

Sexually Transmitted Disease
Suppose a study examines the relative efficacy of penicillin and
spectinomycin in treating gonorrhea. Three treatments are considered: (1)
penicillin, (2) spectinomycin, low dose, and (3) spectinomycin, high dose. Three
possible responses are recorded: (1) positive smear, (2) negative smear, positive
culture, (3) negative smear, negative culture.

Pertanyaan:
a. Is there any relationship between the type of treatment and the response?
What form does the relationship take?
b. Suppose either a positive smear or a positive culture is regarded as a
positive response and distinguished from the negative smear, negative
culture response. Is there an association between the type of treatment and
this measure of response?

A. Is there any relationship between the type of treatment and the response?
What form does the relationship take?
Jawaban:
1. Hipotesis
Ho : There isnt relationship between the type of treatment and the response
H1 : There is relationship between the type of treatment and the response
2. Perhitungan
Treatment
Penicilin
Spectinomyci
n
(low dose)
Spectinomyci
n
(high dose)
Total
a. Penicilin
E1 :
16,25
E2 :
22,5
E3 :

Response
- Smear
- Smear
+ Smear
+ Culture - Culture
40
30
130
32,5
45
122,5
10
20
70
16,25
22.5
61,25
15

40
16,25

65

200 x 65
=
400

32,5

200 x 90
=
400

45

200 x 245
=
400

200
100

45
22,5

90

Total

61,25

100

245

400
b. Spectinomycin (low dose)
100 x 65
=
E1 :
400

122,5

E2 :

100 x 90
=
400

E3 :

100 x 245
=
400

61,25
c. Spectinomycin (high dose)
100 x 65
=
E1 :
16,25
400

Syarat : E<5 =

0
x 100 =0
9

3.

E2 :

100 x 90
=
400

E3 :

100 x 245
=
400

22,5
61,25

hitung:

x2 =

(OijEij)2
Eij

( 4032,5)2 (3045)2 (130122,5)2 (1016,25)2 (2022,5)2 (7061,25)2

+
+
+
+
+
+
32,5
45
122,5
16,25
22,5
61,25

= 15,0532
4.

tabel

x 2 ( )(df)

x 2 ( 0,05 )(4)

= 9,488
5. Penarikan Kesimpulan
x 2 hitung > x 2 tabel
15,0532> 9,488

Ho is rejected
It means that :
There is relationship between the
type of treatment and the response.

6. Jenis hubungan yang digunakan

Dalam contoh kasus diatas, jenis hubungan yang digunakan yaitu
korelasi linier. Korelasi linier adalah hubungan antara 2 variabel X (jenis
pengobatan) dan Y (tanggapan responden) dengan belum dipertimbangkannya
kausal dan effect, sehinggal belum diketahui secara jelas variabel mana yang
bertindak sebagai kausal maupun sebagai effect.
7.

B. Suppose either a positive smear or a positive culture is regarded as a positive

response and distinguished from the negative smear, negative culture
response. Is there an association between the type of treatment and this
measure of response?
Jawaban:
1. Hipotesis
Ho : There isnt an association between the type of treatment and this
measure of response
H1 : There is an association between the type of treatment and this measure
of response
2. Perhitungan
Treatment
Penicilin
Spectinomyci
n
(low dose)
Spectinomyci
n
(high dose)
Total
a. Penicilin
E1 :
38,75
E2 :

Response
+ Smear
- Smear
+ Culture - Culture
70
130
77,5
122,5
30
70
38,75
61,25
55

Total
200
100

45
38,75

155

200 x 155
=
400

77,5

200 x 245
=
400

122,5

61,25
245

100
400

b. Spectinomycin (low dose)

100 x 155
=
E1 :
400

E2 :

100 x 245
=
400

61,25
c.nSpectinomycin (high dose)
Syarat : E<5 =

0
x 100 =0
6

3.

E1 :

100 x 155
=
38,75
400

E2 :

100 x 245
=
400

61,25

hitung:
(OijEij)2
=
Eij

( 7077,5)2 (130122,5)2 (3038,75)2 (7061,25)2 (3038,75)2 (7061,25

+
+
+
+
+
77,5
122,5
38,75
61,25
38,75
61,25

= 6,5524
4.

x 2 tabel
=

( )(df)

( 0,05 )(2)

= 5,991
5. Penarikan Kesimpulan
x 2 hitung > x 2 tabel
6,5524>5,991

Ho is rejected
Artinya : There is an association between
the type of treatment and this
measure of response

SOAL 2. Tabel 2x2 Memenuhi Syarat

(Yates Correction)
Infectious Disease
A study looked at risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
among intravenous drug users enrolled in a methadone program [16]. The data in
Table 10.31 were presented regarding the presence of HIV antibody among 120
non-Hispanic white subjects by total family income, as assessed by blood testing
at one point in time. Is total family income related in a consistent manner to
percentage of HIV-positive?

Jawaban:
1. Hipotesis
Ho : Total family income is not related in a consistent manner to percentage
of HIV-positive
H1 : Total family income is related in a consistent manner to percentage of
HIV-positive

2. Perhitungan
Group

Total Family
Iincome ($)

<10.000

10.000-20.000

>20.000

12

E1 :

60
21

4,3333
2

21,6667
20

3,6667

Total
a. Group A

Number of HIV
HIV-Positif
HIV-Negatif
13
59

20

72 x 20
=
12
120

72 x 100
=
E2 :
120

60

100
b. Group B

22 x 20
=
3,6667
120

E2 :

22 x 100
=
18,3333
120

26 x 20
=
120

E2 :

26 x 100
=
120

Syarat : E<5 = 6 x 100 =33,33

(Tidak memenuhi syarat karena >20%)
Sehingga harus dimampatkan menjadi
TABEL 2X2

72
26
22
120

E1 :

c.nGroup C
E1 :

18,3333

Total

4,3333
21,6667

TABEL 3X2 dimampatkan menjadi TABEL 2x2

Total Family
Income ($)

Group
A

Number of HIV
HIV-Positif
HIV-Negatif
13
59
12
60
7
41
8
40
20
100

<10.000
10.000-20.000 +
>20.000
Total

B+C

a. Group A
72 x 20
=
E1 :
12
120
72 x 100
=
120

E2 :

Syarat : E<5 =

b. Group B+C
48 x 20
=
E1 :
120

60

E2 :

48 x 100
=
120

Total
72
48
120

8
40

0
x 100 =0
4

3. x 2 hitung:
2

( [ OijEij ]0,5)

Eij

x2 =

([1312]0,5)2 ([5960]0,5)2 ([78]0,5)2 ([4140]0,5)2

+
+
+
12
60
8
40

= 0,0625
4. x 2 tabel
=

x 2 ( )(df)

x 2 ( 0,05 )(1)

= 3,841
5. Penarikan Kesimpulan
x 2 hitung < x 2 tabel
0,0625<3,841

Ho is accepted

Artinya: Total family income is not related

in a consistent manner to
percentage of HIV-positive.
SOAL 3. Tabel 2x2 Tidak Memenuhi Syarat
(Fishers Exact Test)
Pulmonary Disease
Asthma is an important health problem for inner-city children, frequently resulting
in hospital admission if symptoms become exacerbated. It is well known that
compliance of children with asthma medication is often poor. Also, many
household allergens (e.g., roaches) worsen asthma symptoms. A study is proposed
in which children will be randomized to either an active intervention where a
community health worker comes to the home and educates the children and
parents as to approaches to reduce the risk of asthma symptoms or a control
intervention where households will receive the same information in print but no
home visits will be performed. The results of the study were as follows: 14 of the
50 active intervention children had an improvement in symptoms compared with
6 of the 50 control intervention children. Is the active intervention children
differents from control intervention children in the improvement in symptoms of
asthma?

Jawaban:
1. Pengujian terhadap Expected Frequency

Active intervention
children
Control intervention
children
Total

Symptoms of asthma
Improved Not Improved
14
36
1
40
6

44
1

20

a. Active intervention children

50 x 20
=
E1 :
1
100

40
80

Total
50
50
100

b. Control intervention children

50 x 20
=
E1 :
1
100

E2 :

50 x 80
=
100

Syarat : E<5 =

40

E2 :

50 x 80
=
100

40

2
x 100 =5 0
4

(Tidak memenuhi syarat karena >20%)

Pengujian Fisher
1. Hipotesis
Ho : Active intervention children isnt different from control intervention
children in the improvement in symptoms of asthma
Ha : Active intervention children is different from control intervention
children in the improvement in symptoms of asthma.

2. Perhitungan
20
0
20

30
50
80

50
50
10
0

19
1
20

P1

31
49
80

50
50
10
0

18
2
20

P2

32
48
80

50
50
10
0

17
3
20

P3

33
47
80

50
50
100

P4

P5

15
5
20

35
45
80

50
50
10
0

14
6
20

36
44
80

10
10
20

Pob
s
40
40
80

P6
11
9
20

39
41
80

50
50
10
0

P9
7
13
20

43
37
80

50
50
10
0

13
7
20

6
14
20

44
36
80

50
50
50

12
8
20

P7
50
50
10
0

9
11
20

P10
50
50
10

37
43
80

41
39
80

5
15
20

45
35
80

50
50
100

P8
50
50
10
0

8
12
20

42
38
80

50
50
100

4
16
20

P1
2
46
34
80

50
50
100

P11
50
50
10

38
42
80

50
50
10

0
P1
3
47
33
80

3
17
20

P14
50
50
10
0

P1
7

2
18
20

48
32
80

50
50
10
0

1
19
20

P18

P1
5
49
31
80
P1
9

50
50
10
0

0
20
20

P1
6
50
30
80

50
50
100

P2
0

3. Nilai p
P searah

P6:

50 ! 50! 20! 80!

100 ! 15 ! 35 ! 5 ! 45 !

= 0,0089

P5:

50! 50 ! 20 ! 80 !
100 ! 16 ! 34 ! 4 ! 46 !

= 0,0021

P4:

50 ! 50 ! 20! 80!
100 ! 17 ! 33 ! 3 ! 47 !

= 0,0004

(Karena nilai P1 - P3 sangat kecil, sehingga hanya digunakan P1-P4)

P Observasi

50 ! 50 ! 20 ! 80 !
100 ! 14 ! 36 ! 6 ! 44 !

= 0,0278

P lawan arah
P17:

50 ! 50 ! 20! 80!
100 ! 3 ! 47 ! 17 ! 33 !

= 0,0004

P16:

50! 50 ! 20 ! 80 !
100 ! 4 ! 46 ! 16 ! 34 !

= 0,0021

P15:

50 ! 50! 20! 80!

100 ! 5 ! 45 ! 15 ! 35 !

= 0,0089

P14:

50 ! 50 ! 20 ! 80 !
100 ! 6 ! 44 ! 14 ! 36 !

= 0,0278

(Karena nilai probabilitas yang memenuhi/yang memiliki nilai probabilitas

dibawah nilai Pobs hanya P14-P17)

Sehingga:
P = P obs + P searah + P lawan arah
= 0,0278 + 0,0114 + 0,0392
= 0,0784
4. Penarikan Kesimpulan
p >
0,0784> 0,05

Ho is accepted
Artinya:

Active

intervention

children

isnt

differents from control intervention

children in the improvement in
symptoms of asthma.