UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

MAE 204
Final Project
Abeda Alam (Section C) 50083718

50083718

1. Project Overview
The purpose of this project is to design a real working steam power cycle by applying the
material we learned in our Thermodynamics class. Requirements for this project were to
produce 20 MW of power for the cycle, have a thermal efficiency of 35% per cycle, and to
maintain a 90% turbine exit steam quality. In addition, we assume isentropic efficiency for both
pump and turbine and maintain an inlet and outlet temperature of 10C and 20C respectively.
For these requirements, we are given a choice of 3 different pumps and 6 different turbines.
Using the following information, we are required to choose a pump-turbine combination that will
fulfill the requirements to further analyze the steam power cycle. After choosing a pump-turbine
combination, we are required to choose various pump and turbine inlet properties for each test
run to meet the needs of the parameters given. Throughout this project, we not only learn how
to design a steam power cycle but also understand the underlying concepts of how each
parameter affects one another. While understanding how each parameter affects each other, we
learn to create a balance to create a running steam power cycle. As a result, this project
demonstrates the careful measures that are needed to be taken to become an engineer.
2. Design Approach
The approach I used to get successful calculations was to understand how each
parameter affects each other. After understanding from the given chart of pump and turbine
combinations, I instantly understood that the first three turbines would not work since they did
not produce at least 20MW. In this way, I was left to choose from 3 pumps: MHA,MHD, and
MMK. From there I chose my parameters: P1, pump pressure, T3, Turbine Temperature, and
P3, Turbine Pressure based on the range of values that suited the given chart requirements.
I decided that to compare my cycles, I would leave a common parameters,T3, which I
chose to be 575 and P3 which was 10 MPa which was acceptable for turbines MYR, and DYR.
From there I chose to keep my turbine constant as well and decided to use the turbine, DYR. To
hypothesize my outlook of the power cycle, I chose a P1 value that was close to my minimum
turbine pressure which was 20 kPa. After calculating my results, I found out that my efficiency,
quality, and power requirements were met each being 90.384%,35.444, and 31.951 MW. The
results also met the needs of the MHA and MMK pumps, which I eventually chose to test. For
that reason, I used quantities that were around my estimated values to further back my
hypothesized values.
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To further calculate my values I decided that it was best to use an Excel sheet to keep
track of my numerous parameters that varied with each Temperature and Pressure. This
allowed ease of access to actually check where my parameters are increasing and decreasing
and how for example, my P1 affects my H value or my P3 affects my efficiency.
After many runs, I was able to see that for my MMK and MHA pumps and my DYR
turbine, the best values for my P1 was within the 18 to 23 kpa range. These values yielded the
best requirements for this project.
3. Results
Pump Model

MHA

MMK

Turbine Model

DYR

DYR

Condenser Pressure
(kPa)

18

23

Boiler Pressure (Mpa)

10

10

Pump Outlet
Temperature (Celsius)

58.637527

63.98269

Turbine Inlet
Temperature(Celsius)

575

575

Turbine Outlet Quality

0.9005609

0.908282

Turbine Outlet
Temperature (Celsius)

57.798933

63.11132

Mass Flow Rate in the

Rankine Cycle (kg/s)

27.341444

20.33891

Rate of Heat into the

the Rankine (MW)

90.507541

67.23632

Net Power Produced

(MW)

32.322746

23.58756

Overall Thermal
Efficiency

35.712766

35.08158

Mass Flow Rate of Cooling Water (kg/s)

1388.245

1041.426

Outlet Temperature of the Cooling Water (Celcius)

20

20

4. Discussion & Conclusion

It is important to remember that we are designing a real life steam power cycle. In that way,
it is necessary to carefully choose the right parameters to make a suitable design. To choose
the right parameters, understanding how the parameter affects one another is important. Based
on my runs, I was able to see that every parameter in this steam power cycle changed if any
one of P1, P3, and T3 changed. In this way, every parameter is a function of P1,P3, and T3 and is
dependent on these three parameters. So you have to take in consideration what values would
change based on your main three parameters. Something that was key to notice in this project
was that the quality and the thermal efficiency had an inverse relationship. This meant that when
you increase your P1 value, your quality increases but your thermal efficiency went down. This
was seen through a comparison of both my cycles. When my pressure was 18 kPa, the turbine
quality was 0.901 and my thermal efficiency was 35.713. As the pressure increased to 23 kPa in
cycle 2, the quality went up by a small amount to 0.908 and my thermal efficiency went down to
35.082. When testing several runs to find the perfect medium for my pump-turbine
combination, it was crucial to balance these parameters especially. In that way, my P1 needed
to change constantly until I found the right range that fulfilled both parameters, ensuring a
successful cycle. The range was from 18 to 23 kPa.
When looking at both cycles, the data shows that my first cycle produced the best results
and is the one that I would recommend. The reason for this is because it fulfills each
requirement, turbine quality at 90.1%, thermal efficiency at 35.71%, and net work produced at
32.32 MW. But what stood out about this cycle is that even though it is at a slightly lower
pressure (18 kpa) is produces a larger net power than the second cycle. In this way, I believe
that industries would want the first cycle based on the significant power production at a similar
pressure.
I believe that I learned a lot from this project. It gave me a different perspective and need for
Thermodynamics. It showed me how and why engineers use thermodynamics in their lives and
how it affects the world around us. Quality, Efficiency, and Power are all factors of design and
are a basis of engineering. This project conveyed the way design is based on balance and how
careful you need to be in your calculations for your design to be effective. Engineers fix and
make things better, but this project really demonstrated how they do that. It brought us to the
best and most possible answer while analyzing each failure based on a quantity. This project did
not only help us create a steam power cycle, but brought us a snippet of what it means to be an

engineer. Not only did it wrap up the semester, but it gave me a perspective for my future
semesters and career.
5. Calculation Appendix
Cycle 1: Pump MHA Turbine: DYR

Assumptions:
Steady State
Stationary
Internally reversible cycle
State 1: Saturated Liquid
State 2: Compressed Liquid
State 3: Superheated Vapor
State 4: Saturated Mixture
State 5: Saturated Liquid
State 6: Saturated Liquid
P1=P4= 18 kPa
V1= .001016 m3/kg
P2=P3=10 MPa
T1=TSAT at P1 = T4 = 57.80455C
T2= 58.63753C
T3= 575C
T5 = 10C
P5 = 1.2281 kPa
T6 = 20C
P6 = 2.3392 kPa
S1=S2= (20-15)/(20-18) = (0.8320-0.7549)/(0.8320-x) = 0.80116 kJ/kg*K
S3=S4s= (600-550)/(600-575)= (6.9045-6.7585)/(6.9045-x) = 6.83282 kJ/kg*K
= (Max Capacity)/(V1) =(100 m^3/hr)(1 hr /3600s)/ (.001016 m^3/kg)= 27.340 kg/s
h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1)/ np

h2s = h1 + V1*(P2-P1)
hf =h1= (20-15)/(20-18) = (251.42 225.94)/(251.42-x) = 241.9468 kJ/kg
h2s= 241.9468/kg + (.001016 m3/kg)(10000kPa-18kPa) = 252.0881 kJ/kg
h2= 241.9468 kJ/kg + (252.0881 kJ/kg 241.9468 kJ/kg)/(.85) = 253.8777kJ/kg
Qin = (m)(h3 - h2)
h3= (600-550)/(600-575) = (3625.8 3502)/(3625.8-x) = 3564.147 kJ/kg
Qin = (27.340 kg/s)(3564.147 kJ/kg 253.8777kJ/kg) = 90.50754 MW
x= (s4 - sf)/sfg
sfg = (20-15)/(20-18) = (7.0752 7.2522)/(7.0752-x) = 7.140255 kJ/kg*K
(6.83282 0.803493)/(7.140255) = .844413
h4s = hf + (x)(hfg)
h4s = 241.9468 kJ/kg + (0.844413)(2363.061) kJ/kg = 2237.347 kJ/kg
Ws = (m)(h3 - h4s)
Ws = (27.340kg/s)(3564.147 - 2237.347 kJ/kg) = 36.27662 MW
Wa= ()(nt)(Ws)

Wa = (27.340 kg/s)(0.90)(36.27662) = 32.64896 MW

h4a= h3 - (Wa)/()
h4a= 3564.147 kJ/kg - (32648.96 kW/27.340kg/s) = 2370.027 kJ/kg
xa= (h4a- hf)/ hfg
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xa= (2370.027 kJ/kg 241.9468 kJ/kg)/ (2363.061kJ/kg) = .900561 = 90.06%

Thermal Efficiency= Wa/Qin
= (32.649 MW/ 90.50754MW) *100= 35.71277 %
Wp = ()(h
2-h1)
= (27.340kg/s)(253.8777kJ/kg- 241.9468kJ/kg)= 326.2092 kW = 3.262 MW
Wnet = ()(
Wa- Wp)
= (27.340kg/s)(32.64896MW- 3.262 MW) = 32.32275 MW
Qout = ()(h
4-h1)
= (27.340 kg/s)(2370.27 kJ/kg- 241.9468kJ/kg) = 58.184 MW
Chill Water Flow Rate : Qout= mc(deltaT)
(m)(4.187kJ/kg*K)(20-10)= 58184 kW
m= 1388.245 kg/s

Cycle 2: Pump MMK Turbine: DYR

Assumptions:
Steady State
Stationary
Internally reversible cycle
State 1: Saturated Liquid
State 2: Compressed Liquid
State 3: Superheated Vapor
State 4: Saturated Mixture
State 5: Saturated Liquid
State 6: Saturated Liquid
P1=P4= 23 kPa
V1= .001019 m3/kg
P2=P3=10 MPa
T3= 575C
T1=TSAT at P1 = T4 = 63.11C
T2= 63.98C
T5 = 10C
T6 = 20C
Interpolate for S Values:
S1=S2= (25-20)/(25-23) = (0.8932-0.8320)/(0.8932-x) = 0.870105 kJ/kg*K
S3=S4s= (600-550)/(600-575)= (6.9045-6.7585)/(6.9045-x) = 6.83282 kJ/kg*K
= (Max Capacity)/(V1) =(75 m^3/hr)(1 hr /3600s)/ (.001019 m^3/kg)= 20.4451kg/s
h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1)/ np
h2s = h1 + v1*(P2-P1)
hf =h1= (25-20)/(25-23) = (271.96 251.42)/(271.96-x) = 264.1736 kJ/kg
h2s= 264.1736 + (.001019 m3/kg)(10000kPa-23kPa) = 274.3382 kJ/kg

h2= 264.1736 kJ/kg + (274.3382 kJ/kg 264.1736 kJ/kg)/(.85) = 276.1319kJ/kg

Qin = (m)(h3 - h2)
h3= (600-550)/(600-575) = (3625.8 3502)/(3625.8-x) = 3564.147 kJ/kg
Qin = (20.445kg/s)(3564.147 kJ/kg 276.1319kJ/kg) = 67.2362 MW
x= (s4 - sf)/sfg
sfg = (25-20)/(25-23) = (6.9370 7.00752)/(6.9370 -x) = 6.988817 kJ/kg*K
(6.83282 0.870105)/(6.988817) = 0.853179
h4s = hf + (x)(hfg)
h4s = 264.1736 kJ/kg + (0.853179)(2350.073) kJ/kg = 2269.207 kJ/kg
Ws = (m)(h3 - h4s)
Ws = (20.445kg/s)(3564.147 2269.207 kJ/kg) = 26480.11 kW = 26.48 MW
Wa= ()(n
t)(Ws)
Wa = (20.445 kg/s)(0.90)(26.48) = 23832.1 kW = 23.83 MW
Find h4a= h3 - (Wa)/()
h4a= 3564.147 kJ/kg - (23832.1kW/20.445kg/s) = 2398.701 kJ/kg
xa= (h4a- hf)/ hfg
xa= (2398.701 kJ/kg 264.1736kJ/kg)/ (2350.073kJ/kg) = .908282= 90.82%
Thermal Efficiency= Wa/Qin
= (23.832 MW/ 67.2362MW) *100= 35.08158 %
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Wp = ()(h2-h1)

= (20.445 kg/s)(276.1319 /kg- 264.1736kJ/kg)= 244.5343 kW = 2.445 MW

Wnet = ()(
Wa- Wp)
= (20.445 kg/s)(23832 244.5343) = 23587.56 kW = 23.588 MW
Qout = ()(h4-h1)

= (20.445kg/s)(2398.701 kJ/kg- 264.1376/kg) = 43734.86 kW = 43.735 MW

Chill Water Flow Rate: Qout = mc(deltaT)
(m)(4.187kJ/kg*K)(20-10)= 43735 kW
m= 1041.426 kg/s