1.

0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Sleep deprivation is condition of not having enough sleep; it can be either chronic or acute. A
chronic sleeprestricted state can be causes fatigue, daytime sleepiness, clumsiness and weight
loss or weight loss or weight gain. Sleep deprivation is a common thing happen to every college
students. Sleep deprivation can cause many effect onto the students itself regardless good or bad
effect. All these effects can change the whole students study life at college. The objectives of this
study are five folds, namely to find out the sleeping habit among students, to obtain the reason
having sleep deprivation, to determine the positive effect of sleep deprivation, to determine the
negative effect of sleep deprivation, to find solutions from getting sleep deprivation,.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Adequate sleep is a biological necessity, not a luxury, for the normal functioning of humans.
Good mental and physical health depends on maintenance of adequate sleep. Sleep deprivation is
a common problem in the young adult college student population which resulted from the current
demands for students to successful in their study and social life. In fact, sleep deprivation is
linked to decreased physical health, mental health, and academic performance. However, despite
its negative effect on humans, students still choose to sacrifice their sleep when the examinations
are just around the corner. For most students, the college environment is full of new living and
social experiences, new freedom from parental supervision, and new academic demands.
Adequate sleep is often neglected. Researchers have noted a positive correlation between lacks
of sleep and decreased physical health, mental health, and academic performance. Perhaps some
students can gain advantages from sleep deprivation in their studies but lack of sleep has also
been linked to an increase in psychosocial stress and the use of drugs and alcohol. Therefore to
prevent the negative effect of having slept deprivation we need to increase students awareness
about of having adequate of sleep. Meanwhile our academic administer should plan the
examinations schedule efficiently so that students do not have to stress out and burn midnight oil
every day and they can rest peacefully and have a good sleep. Thus this study is being conducted
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to investigate about sleep deprivation among students in UiTM Shah Alam in order to make a
change in our future life.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective for this study as follow:

To find out the sleeping habits among students

To obtain the reasons having sleep deprivation
To determine the positive effect of sleep deprivation
To investigate the negative effects of sleep deprivation
To find solutions from getting sleep deprivation.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

This research is necessary in order to prevent future problem among students. If this study is
successful the benefit will also affect the students and other staff. Perhaps it also will include
occupations that need to work in shift on the night which can make the worker having sleep
deprivation like nurses and firefighters. Therefore the academic coordinator can arrange the
schedule efficiently when they know the bad or good effect of students having sleep deprivation.
Thus, this study also can improve students social and academic life. As we all know, future of
country is at the hand of young adult student hands.
1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
The time limit for this research is about 2 months. The study will involve 50 respondents who are
UiTM Shah Alam students from mechanical faculty program. The instrument that will be used to
conduct this research is questionnaire. The place that will be taken to conduct this activity is on
food court around the lunch time. The time that will be providing to answer the questionnaire is
15 minutes to 30 minutes. The reason we will be only using questionnaire because our research is
on a small scale and the time limit being provided just quite enough to use questionnaire only.
2.0 METHODOLOGY

2.1 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT USED

The instrument used to collect the data was a questionnaire. This tool was used to survey a study
of students sleep deprivation. The questionnaire had 21 questions and elicited information such
as habits, reason, effects and solutions to overcome them.
2.2 REASEARCH RESPONDANTS
The respondents were 50 students of Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in UiTM Shah Alam.
There were 35 male respondents and 15 female respondents.
2.3 RESEARCH PROCEDURE
50 questionnaires were distributed to respondents from Faculty of Mechanical Engineering on
rd
Tuesdays, 22

November 2017 at UiTM Shah Alam. The respondents were students who

from faculty mechanical engineering. The respondents were given 10 minutes to answer the
questionnaires. All respondents answered and returned the questionnaires.
2.4 DATA ANALYSIS
The data were analyzed from frequency count into percentages. They were then transferred to
suitable tables and charts.

3.0 FINDINGS
3.1 Do You Feel That You Sleep Deprived as A University Student?

Do you feel that you sleep deprived as a university student ?

25%

75%

Yes

No

Figure 3.1: percentage of do you feel sleep deprived as a university student.

There are 75% of the respondents were affected with sleep deprived as a university student.
Another 25% were not having sleep deprivation

3.2 What Time Do You Sleep

What time do you always sleep ?

15% 5%
35%
45%

8 10 pm

10 12 am

12 2 am

Later than 2 am

Figure 3.2: the percentage of what time you always sleep?

There are 45% of the respondents always sleep around 12 to 2 am. Only 35% of the respondents
slept around 10 to 12 am. While 15% of the respondents were going to sleep after 2 am. Another
5% of the respondents were sleeping around 8 to 10 pm

3.3 How Many Hours Do You Sleep Per Day?

How many hours do you sleep per day ?

15% 5%
35%
45%

8 10

68

46

Less than 4

Figure 3.3: the percentage of how many hours do you sleep per day?
There are 45% of the respondents were sleeping for 4 to 6 hours per day. Only 35% of the
respondents were having their sleep for 6 to 8 hours per day. Meanwhile 15% of the respondents
were having their sleep for less than 4 hours. Another 5% of the respondents were sleeping for 8
to 10 hours per day.

3.4 How Frequently Do You Sleep Late in a Week?

How frequently do you sleep late in a week ?

15%

5%
45%

35%

Always

Sometimes

Rarely

Never

Figure 3.4: the percentage of how frequently do you sleep late in a week?
There are 45% of the respondents were always sleep late in a week. Merely, 35% of the
respondents were sometimes sleep late in a week. Meanwhile 15% of the respondents were
rarely sleep late in a week. Another 5% of the respondents were never sleep late in a week.
3.5 REASON HAVING SLEEP DEPRIVATION

Reason for sleep deprivation

10%
15%
50%
25%

study
watching movies

playing computer games

sport activity

Figure 3.5: The percentage of reason for sleep deprivation

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1.

50% of the respondents have sacrifice sleep because of study. 25% of the respondents
play computer games until forgot to sleep. 15% of the respondents sacrifice their sleep
streaming movie online. 10% of the respondents have sacrifice their sleep because of
sport activity.

2. 70% of the respondents so hooked onto study because they have to prepare for
exam/assignment. 20% of the respondents were hooked onto playing computer because
of addictive. 10% of the respondents so hooked watching movies online because they
wanted to spend time with friends.

3.6 Did you use smartphone before bedtime

Respondents using smartphone before bedtime

5

95

Yes

no

Figure 3.6: The percentage of respondent using smartphone before bedtime.

95% of the respondents use their smartphone near bedtime. 5% of them didnt use smartphone
near bedtime
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3.7 How will you feel the following day after sleeping late?

How will you feel the following day after sleeping late?
32%
28%
35%
30%
22%
25%
Respondents
20%
10% 8%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Headache

Tired

Normal

Regret

Others

Figure 3.7: The percentage of how will you feel the following day after sleeping late?

Based on the survey conducted, 32% of respondents had felt headache after sleeping late.
Followed by 28% of them feel tired after sleeping late. Next 22% of respondents feel normal.
Besides, 10% of respondents reacted to feel regret after sleeping late. Lastly 8% of respondents
feel others than that.

3.8 Do you agree that sleeping late is causing harm to our health?

Do you agree that sleeping late is causing harm to our health?

Yes
No

25%
75%

Figure 3.8: The percentage of do you agree that sleeping late is causing harm to our health?

Based on the survey, 75% of respondents agree that sleeping late is causing harm to our health.
Then, 25% of them disagree that sleeping late is causing harm to our health.

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3.9 Do you feel that lack of sleep affect your academic performance?

Do you feel that lack of sleep affect your academic performance?

Agree 20%

Disagree
80%

Figure 3.9: The percentage of do you feel that lack of sleep affect your academic performance?

Based on the survey, 80% of respondents agree that feel lack of sleep affect your academic
performance. Otherwise, 20% of them disagree that lack of sleep affect your academic
performance.

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3.10 Do you experience negative mood when you have had consecutive
days of insufficient sleep?

Do you experience negative mood when you have had consecutive days of insufficient sleep?

20%
30%

50%

Strongly Agree
Agree
Disagree

Figure 3.10: The percentage of do you experience negative mood when you have had
consecutive days of insufficient sleep?

Based on the survey, 50% of respondents strongly agree that they experience negative mood
when they have had consecutive days of insufficient sleep. Then there are 30% of respondents
reacted to agree for the situation given. Another 20% of them had chosen disagree for their
answer to this question.

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3.11 Due to a lack of sleep, I am unable to focus during exams.

Due to a lack of sleep, I am unable to focus during exams.

10%
20%

50%

Strongly
Agree
Disagree

Agree
Strongly
Disagree

20%
Figure 3.11: The percentage of due to a lack of sleep, I am unable to focus during exams.

Based on the survey, there are 50% of respondents strongly agree that they unable to focus
during exams when lack of sleep . Then, 20% of respondents had chosen for agree that they
unable to focus during exam due to lack of sleep. The other 20% of respondents response to
disagree. Lastly, another 10% of them strongly disagree to the situation given.

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3.12 I suffer from a sleep disorder (*insomnia,* sleep apnea, etc.) due to
lack of sleep.

I suffer from a sleep disorder (*insomnia,* sleep apnea, etc.) due to lack of sleep.

40%
60%

Agree
Disagree

Figure 3.12: The percentage of I suffer froam a sleep disorder (*insomnia,*sleep apnea,etc) due
to a lack of sleep.

Based on the survey, 60% of respondents agree that they suffered from a sleep disorder. The rest
40% of respondents response to disagree.

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solution for sleep deprivation

70
60

60

55

60

50 45
40 35

Percentage, %

30
20 15
10

30

30

20
15
10 10 10

0
Manage time efficiently so that does not need
0
to sacrifice the sleep time
Strongly Agree
Disagree

Agree
Strongly Disagree

Figure 3.13: The percentage of solution for sleep deprivation

3.13 Manage time efficiently so that does not need to sacrifice the sleep time for studying
The first solution from getting sleep deprivation is manage time efficiently so that does not need
to sacrifice the sleep time for studying. 45% of the correspondent strongly agree, 35% agree.
However, there are 15% of the correspondent disagree and another 5% strongly disagree.
3.14 Remind ourself the need for sleep to allow yourself to get enough time to sleep
Secondly, remind ourself the need for sleep to allow yourself to get enough time to sleep. 60% of
the correspondent agree and 30% agree. Likewise, another 10% disagree.

15

3.15 Avoid caffeine because caffeine is a stimulant that can stay in our system for 8 hours or
more
Next, avoid caffeine because caffeine is a stimulant that can stay in our system for 8 hours or
more. 55% of the correspondent strongly agree caffeine is cause of sleep deprivation and another
15% agree. Meanwhile, 20% disagree and 10% strongly disagree that caffeine is the cause of
sleep deprivation
3.16 Sleep deprivation cause by physical exercise too close to bedtime. It will cause the body
need more time to settle down before sleep
Lastly, sleep deprivation cause by physical exercise too close to bedtime. It will cause the body
need more time to settle down before sleep. 60% of the correspondent strongly agree and another
30% agree. However, 10% disagree that sleep deprivation cause by physical exercise close to
bedtime

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4.0 CONCLUSION
4.1 TO FIND OUT THE SLEEPING HABITS AMONG STUDENTS

It can be concluded that most of the students are unable to sleep early because of having

sleep deprivation.
Majority of the respondents do not follow sleep time for a student that lead to insufficient

of sleep.
We can conclude that only minority of the students had the adequate sleep in their daily

life. Most of the students nearly had enough sleep per day.
Most of the students are always sleep late in a week because they had their own reasons
to do so to satisfy their desired. Likewise the minority does not havoc their night time to
sacrifice their sleep but they planned to achieve all their dreams on the day time.

4.2 TO OBTAIN THE REASON HAVING SLEEP DEPRIVATION

It can be concluded that most student tend to sacrifice their sleep because doing what
they have to do.
Majority of students unable to sleep early because they been using smartphone before
sleep, they might lost track of time making them unable to sleep.

4.3-4.4 NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE EFFECTS OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION.

It can be concluded that most of them suffer from negative effects from sleep deprivations.
It can be concluded that sleeping late might experience some health problems .
It can be concluded that most students understand getting enough sleep is important to ensure
they can perform well in academic.
It can be concluded that student realised not having enough sleep would effect their
mood/behaviour on the next day .
It can be concluded that students agreed that having enough sleep is important .
It can be concluded that students unconcerned about their sleeping time .

4.5 IDENTIFYING THE SOLUTION FROM GETTING SLEEP DEPRIVATION

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It can be concluded that students have a poor time management skill.

UiTM students sleep late can cause sleep deprivation.
Coffee or another drinks that have caffeine cause a sleep deprivation.
Physical exercise need to be done not at students sleeping time.

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5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
Students must lead a healthy lifestyle by getting adequate of sleep everyday. Thus they can
succeed in their studies.
The Ministry of Health should make a campaign about sleep deprivation to increase young
adults awareness about harmful effects on their health.
The Academic Affairs Division of UiTM must take into account on students lifestyle when
they want to plan the academic calendars especially for the examination timetables.
Academic advisor or counsellor should proactive in finding and guiding the students who need
a time management skill because some students are so shy to show or acknowledge their
weakness.

Appendix
Dear respondents,

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We are students of Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering in semester four. We are conducting a

survey a study of students sleep deprivation. We would greatly appreciate if you could answer
the following questions in this questionnaire. Thank you.
Part A: Demographics Questions
Age: What is your age?
Under 19 years old
20-21 years old
22-23 years old
24-25 years old
26 years or older

Education: What is your current education level?

Masters degree
Bachelors degree
Gender: What is your gender?
Male
Female
Marital Status: What is your marital status?
Single
Married
Part B: To Find Out the Sleeping Habits Among Students
1. Do you feel that you sleep deprived as a university student?
Yes
20

No
2. What time do you always sleep?
8 10 pm
10 12 am
12 2 am
Later than 2 am
3. How many hours do you sleep per day?
8 10
68
46
Less than 4
4. How frequently do you sleep late in a week?
Always
Sometimes
Rarely
Never

Part C: To Obtain the Reason Having Sleep Deprivation

1. What do you normally do till sacrifice your sleep?
Study

Surf Internet

Play computer games

Stream movie online

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Sport activity

Socialize

2. Why are you so hooked onto your activity that you are willing to sacrifice your sleep?
Prepare for exam/assignment

Addictive

Spend time with friends

3. Do you use smartphone near bedtime?

Yes
No

Part D: Effects of Sleep Deprivation

1. How will you feel the following day after sleeping late?
Tired

Regret

Normal

Others

Headache
2. Do you agree that sleeping late is causing harm to our health?
Yes
No
3. Do you feel that lack of sleep affect your academic performance?
Yes
No

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*Insomnia= having trouble sleeping, **sleep apnea= pauses in breathing during

sleep

Part E: To Identify Solution to Solve Sleep Deprivation Problem

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References
1. http://www.collegeview.com/articles/article/zzzzzz-time-sleep-does-more-than-bring2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

you-sweet-dreams
http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20906153,00.html
http://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-deprivation/effects-on-body
http://www.livescience.com/52592-spooky-effects-sleep-deprivation.html
http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/tiredness-and-fatigue/Pages/lack-of-sleep-health-risks.aspx
http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/05/02/475581810/how-college-students-are-

sleeping-or-not
7. http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/features/10-results-sleep-loss#1
8. http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/features/important-sleep-habits#1
9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_deprivation
10. https://medlineplus.gov/magazine/issues/summer12/articles/summer12pg16.html
11. https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/sleep-deprivation
12. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-sleep-deprivation-eases-depression/
13. https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/BGLK9NX
14. https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/F3S8WWT
15. https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/TSMYBWB
16. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/may/22/upside-insomnia-sleep-deprivationcreativity-musicians

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