P r e s e n t a t i o n s , I n t e r p r e t a t i o n s , a n d A n a l y s i s 1 of 6

Chapter 4

Chapter Four provides the results and analysis of the data from the content analysis of the
presentations of Gender issues in the 11 locally produced Independent Filipino films, namely
Bwakaw (2012), LIGO NA U LAPIT NA ME (2011), Baryoke (2005), Ang sayaw ng dalwang
kaliwang paa (2011), Quick Change (2013), Porno (2013), Pisay (2007), Room boy (2005), Ang
Panggagahasa kay Fe (2009), Ang Pagdadalaga ni Maximo Oliveros (2005),and Jay (2008).

Table 1: Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Themes of the 11 Cinemalaya Films

Frequency and Percentage Distribution according to Theme

Theme
Man Vs Himself
Loss of Innocence
Triumph over Adversity
The Battle
Good Vs Evil
Love conquers all
Individual Vs Society
Revenge
TOTAL

Frequency
3
2
2
2
2
11

Percentage
27.27 %
18.18 %
18.18 %
18.18 %
18.18 %
100 %

Table 1 shows the theme of the Gender Films. There are eight types of theme, namely, Man VS
Himself, Loss of Innocence, Triumph over adversity, The Battle, Good vs. Evil, Love Conquers
all, Individual VS Society, and Revenge.

The Theme Man vs. Himself depicts the internal struggle and dilemma faced by the
characters .The entire story is underlined by the notion that man is his own worst enemy, and by
this case, struggles with either gender identity, or gender-related circumstances. The Theme Loss
of Innocence is not just the classic coming-of-age story, often; the actual loss of innocence is
spurred by a traumatic event such as abuse, sexual assault, or even peer pressure. The Theme
Revenge has been present in most films; Revenge is justified by making the character focus more

P r e s e n t a t i o n s , I n t e r p r e t a t i o n s , a n d A n a l y s i s 2 of 6

on improving themselves, and being vindictive. The Theme The Battle revolves around the
literal battle of sexes. Although conflict is an integral part of the film, it is not always between
what is right and what is wrong. The battle can be between two individuals, two countries, or
even two worlds of different gender representation. Unlike the traditional good vs. evil theme,
the battle may incorporate different sides- neither of which is wrong. The Theme Individual vs.
Society shows the battle between the character and the social norm or social traditions. The
Theme Triumph over adversity depicts the challenges faced by the character. This theme of
triumph over adversity almost always revolves around an exceptional person in a hopeless
situation. The Theme Love Conquers all presents the power of love. This scene depicts the quest
of the characters as they fight for true love. Lastly, the Theme Good vs. Evil is prevalent in films
where the characters are made to determine what is bad from good.

For the Theme Man vs. Himself, there are; Bwakaw, Ang Sayaw ng dalawang kaliwang
paa and Porno, with a percentage of 27.25 % or 3 out 11 films. Next on the list is the Theme Loss
of Innocence from movies namely, Ligo na u lapit na me and Ang Pagdadalaga ni Maximo
Oliveros, with a percentage of 18.180 % or 2 out 11 movies. The same goes with the Themes
Triumph over adversity, Love Conquers all, and Individual vs. Society, which all has a
percentage of 18.180 % or 2 out 11 movies.

Based on the results gathered by the Researchers, Man vs. Himself, was the most
prominent theme in the TOP 11 Cinemalaya Films, garnering a percentage of 27.25% in all of the
films. (Insert source that depicts man vs. himself, why? How? Cite)

P r e s e n t a t i o n s , I n t e r p r e t a t i o n s , a n d A n a l y s i s 3 of 6

Gender Issue
Frequency
Percentage
Inequalities in Political Power
Inequalities within Households
1
9.09 %
Differences in Legal Status and Entitlements
1
9.09 %
Violence against Women
2
18.18 %
The Expectations on Men to be Dominant
Men are not Entitled to be Weak
6
54.54 %
Body Shaming (Men & Women)
1
9.09 %
Violence against LGBT
1
9.09 %
Racial Discrimination against LGBT
Negative Family Reaction on LGBT Children
Discrimination in the Workplace
TOTAL
11
100 %
Table 2: Frequency and Percentage Distribution according to Gender Issues in the 11
Cinemalaya Films

Table 2 displays the results of the frequency and percentage distribution of the Gender Issues in
the Top 11 Cinemalaya Films.

According to (source), there is a total of 11 Gender Issues present in the society. The said
issues are used as guide in the accumulation of data Via Coding Guide devised by the
Researchers.
Inequalities in Political Power was explained by (source) as the under-representation of
women in the political processes throughout the world. It is important to look at and understand
gender differences in power within formal decision-making structures, such as government,
community councils, and policy-making institutions.
(Source) defined Inequalities within Household as the imbalance in decision-making and access
to resources within the four walls of the house.
Another thing from (source) said that despite national constitutions and international
instruments that proclaim equal rights for women and men, there are many instances in which
equal rights to personal status, security, land, inheritance and employment opportunities are
denied to women by law or practice. Hence, the Differences in Legal Status and entitlement was
obtained.

P r e s e n t a t i o n s , I n t e r p r e t a t i o n s , a n d A n a l y s i s 4 of 6

Violence against women could be neither executed by a womans intimate partner (domestic
violence) or an enemy, or through sexual exploitations by human trafficking.
The expectations of men to be dominant and powerful came from

Table 3: Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Treatment of the 11 Cinemalaya

Films.
Treatment
POSITIVE
NEGATIVE
NEUTRAL
TOTAL

Frequency
9
2
11

Percentage
81.81 %
18.18 %
100 %

Table 4: Frequency and Percentage Distribution according to the Tones of the 11

Cinemalaya Films.
Tones

Frequency

Percentage

P r e s e n t a t i o n s , I n t e r p r e t a t i o n s , a n d A n a l y s i s 5 of 6

Straightforward
Interpretative
Sexual
Dramatic
Sarcastic
TOTAL

6
2
3
11

54.54 %
18.18 %
27.27 %
100 %

Table 5: Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Resolution of the 11 Cinemalaya

Films
RESOLUTION

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

P r e s e n t a t i o n s , I n t e r p r e t a t i o n s , a n d A n a l y s i s 6 of 6

Explicit
Implicit
Twist
Tie- Back
Unresolved
Long View
Total

5
6
11

45.45%
54.54%
100%