T h e

M e c h a n i c a l

Physical
British

a n d

Properties

S t a n d a r d
(B.S.

E n

o f

the

Steels

970-1955)

Volume 1
E n 1 to E n 2 0

COMPILED BY

J. W O O L M A N , M.Sc. a n d R . A . M O T T R A M ,
S t e e l User

Section

British I r o n a n d Steel Research

THE

Association

Pergamon Press Book

MACMILLAN
NEW

YORK

1964

COMPANY

A.I.M.

THE

MACMILLAN

COMPANY

60 Fifth Avenue
N e w Y o r k 11, N . Y .

This book Is distributed by

THE

MACMILLAN

COMPANY

pursuant to a special arrangement with

PERGAMON

PRESS

LIMITED

O x f o r d , England

Copyright

1964

PERGAMON P r e s s l t d

Library of Congress Catalog Card N u m b e r 63-21774

FOREWORD
The

main object of these three volumes Is to have available in one source

of reference d a u on the most commonly used range of steels in the United

Kingdom B.S.970 En Steels. Some of the information has been published
previously, some properties have been determined but not published, whilst
the remaining d a u had not, until this work started, been Investigated.
These volumes have been compiled by the Steel User Section of the British
Iron and Steel Research Association which has financed the project jointly with
the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, to satisfy the many enquiries
received from industry on the properties of steels and equivalent foreign specifi
cations Which could only be answered by access to the wide variety of sources
in which this information was previously contained.
Today's exacting engineering designs, however, create a new demand for
more deuiled technical d a u and Information In addition to mechanical properties
which, in the main, are not readily available.
A t all stages industry has been consulted and an advisory panel was formed
to guide the work. All steelmakers consulted during the preparation have
welcomed the opportunity of providing such a wealth of information, and in
doing so I believe have made a very valuable contribution towards the more
efficient use of steel.

E. W . S e n i o r ,

C.M.G. J.P.

Director of the
British Iron and Steel Federation

vll

INTRODUCTION
It is very necessary that engineers, designers, and all users of steel should have access to adequate Information relating
to the mechanical and physical properties of various steels, in order that they may ascertain the most suitable steel to use
for a particular purpose. Hitherto the required data have not always been readily available, and in many cases extensive
searching, and even special Investigations, have been necessary In order to obtain it. A reference book which would provide
this information in relation to all available steels Is, therefore, very desirable. A start on this task has been made by the
authors, in compiling data on the steels included In the En Series of British Standard 970, and the present volume includes
the most important properties of En 1 to En 20 Inclusive. Succeeding volumes II and III will be concerned with En 21 to En SO
and En 51 to En 363 respectively.
In carrying out their task the authors have collected Information from a wide variety of sources, including published
literature, works brochures, and test records, both published and unpublished, from many research laboratories. In addition,
several laboratories have carried out special tests to obtain properties not previously determined, and various governmentsponsored organisations have granted permission to extract data from hitherto unpublished reports. A list of references
to sources is given at the end of each section.
Special attention has been given to showing the nearest foreign specifications for each steel, and the most recently
recognised International Standard Symbols have been used for each property In addition to the British designation.
It is recommended that all users of these volumes should read the " N o t e s on the Use of Tables" which follow the
Introduction. These notes not only indicate the care needed when making use of the data provided, but also give some useful
hints for estimation of certain properties when data Is lacking.
It must be emphasized that whilst the source of all data is Indicated, the properties shown should not be used to compare
steels from different suppliers. The Information has been taken from a vast amount of data collected by the respective steel
suppliers and the values quoted might be influenced not only by the manufacturing process and the deoxidation technique
used but also by such faaors as whether o r not the material

is treated in bulk, the degree of agitation in the quenching

bath and the amount of oxide on the surface. Similarly, Individual values should not be used for specification purposes since
they do not necessarily indicate what can readily be obtained in all cases from materials which come within a particular
composition specification.
Whilst every care has been taken to ensure that the information is correct, the Steel User Section of the Association
would welcome information relating to any errors or omissions.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The task of compiling the Information contained In this work has been aided by a grant from the Department of Scientific
and Industrial Research, under the Special Assisunce to Industry Scheme.
The Association and the authors are Indebted to the members of the Advisory G r o u p and the Sheffield Steelworks
Group for their help, encouragement and criticisms throughout the preparation of this publication. Members of one or
both of these two Groups w e r e >
H. Allsop, Brown Bayley Steels L t d . ; W . H . Bailey, Jessop-Saville Ltd.; P. Bennlson, Rolls Royce Ltd.; J. Cameron, Colvilles
Ltd.; P. E. Clary, Ford Motor C o . Ltd.; A . J . Fenner, National Engineering Laboratory; P. G . Forrest, National Physical
U b o r a t o r y ; W . H. Goodrich, Edgar Allen & C o . Ltd.; F. Henshaw, Kayser Ellison & C o . Ltd.; R. F.Johnson, The United
Steel Cos. Ltd.; P. Jubb, The Brown Firth Research Laboratories; R. Lamb, The Alloy Steel Association Technical Committee
and Hadfields Ltd.; R. L. Long, Park Gate Iron and Steel C o . Ltd.; R. A . McKinstry, British Standards Institution; J. R.
Russell, English Steel Corporation (Chairman of Sheffield Steelworks G r o u p ) ; G.Weston, British Standards Institution
(Chairman of the Advisory G r o u p ) .
The authors gratefully acknowledge the help and encouragement given by the Director and staff of the Association
during the preparation of this compilation.

J.

WOOLMAN

R. A .

ix

MOTTRAM

NOTES O N THE USE OF THE TABLES

For

easy reference, the compilation

tions, each
sections

fs divided into sec

devoted to one En number, and within

the

the various items of information are arranged in

the following order:(1)

Applications
The general characteristics and main uses of each steel are
listed. Typical applications have been obtained from various
works catalogues and from information supplied by a number

Specification

of steel users.

Chemical Composition
Mechanical Properties
(2)

Related Specifications

(3)

Applications

(4)

Welding

(5)

Machinability

Weldability
Weldability

depends on a number of factors such as

cooling rate of the heat-affected zone, the type of electrode

used in the case of metallic arc welding as well as the compo
sition of the steel. The cooling rate depends on the amount

(6) Hot W o r k i n g and Heat Treatment Temperatures

of metal which can conduct heat away from the weld junction

(7)

Physical Properties '

(called the Thermal Severity N u m b e r ) and on the degree

Specific Gravity

of preheat. The effect of composition may be judged by

Specific Heat

use

of the carbon equivalent (CE) formula developed by

Co-efficient of Thermal Expansion

the

British W e l d i n g Research Association for

Electrical Resistivity

welding.

Thermal

Conductivity

Young's

Modulus, Shear Modulus and Poisson's

^
^^

Ratio

Mn

NI

metal

arc

higher

the

Cr-f-Mo+V

^ + 2 0 ^ 5 - ^ - 0

Magnetic Properties
(8) Isothermal and Continuous Cooling Diagrams
(9)

The

higher the carbon equivalent and the

Thermal Severity N u m b e r (TSN) the greater is the necess

Hardenability

ity to preheat and the higher must be the pre-heating tempe

(10)

Mechanical Properties at Room Temperatures

rature. It is not possible to state the necessary pre-heating

(11)

Mechanical Properties at Low Temperatures

temperature in simple terms of T S N and CE since it also

(12)

Mechanical Properties at High Temperatures (Inclu

ding Creep Properties)

(13)

Torsional Properties

(14)

Fatigue Properties

refer

readers to

the pamphlet " A r c - W e l d i n g

Low-alloy

Steels''published by the British W e l d i n g Research Associ

ation, 29, Park Crescent, London, W . I .
The welding properties tabulated for each steel have been

Some of the En specifications are sub-dlvlded Into steels

of slightly different

depends on the type of electrode used. W e would however

composition

which.

In many cases,

overlap and, on account of this and other reasons. It has

been found impracticable to separate them. W h e r e plentiful
data are available, as is the case for the mechanical proper

taken from

a paper published by H . M . Stationery Office

to whom we are grateful for

permission to extract the

details given. (Ref. 1)

The

meaning of the various symbols used In the tablet

for describing the welding characteristics is given in the

ties at room temperature, the steels have accordingly been

list of abbreviations following the notes on the use of the

arranged In order of increasing carbon content.

tables.

Apart from the tables of data, curves have been reproduced

where Information warrants in order to show graphically
the effects of tempering temperature and of ruling section
as heat treated and also to indicate the range of properties
which might be expected from steels conforming to a parti
cular En number.
The

following notes may be of Interest to users of t h e

data.

/V1och/n<i6i7/ty
It Is not possible to give any definite quantitative measure
ment to machinability

although

many efforts have been

made to find a machinability constant. This Is due to the

fact that the response to cutting tools depends on so many
factors, e.g.
The

type

of

machining

operation

(turning,

drilling,

sawing, screwing, etc.)

Related Specifications
A list of the specification numbers for the nearest equi

The

rigidity of the machine

The

tool (shape and rigidity of mounting)

The

cutting condition (speed, feed, depth of cut)

Is included in each section. This list should

The

material being cut

not only simplify the work required in dealing with enquiries

The

machinability of steel is appreciably affected by its

valent

British, American and certain European Standard

specifications

concerning such specifications

but It will no doubt be of

composition (especially the sulphur

content or

presence

value to other than British users who are more familiar

of other free cutting additions), by the presence of certain

with the standard steels of their own particular country.

hard constituents (both metallic and non-metallic), by the

Notes on the Use of the Tables

XI

grain size and by the mfcrostructure. Generally speaking,

The specific gravity at room temperature of pure Iron Is

the annealed condition is best for machinability although

close to 7-880. The specific gravity of steels is affected by

cases are known where other microstructures give better

the state of the carbon. In the case of fully annealed steels the

results for certain machining operations. In the softer steels

specific gravity is diminished by 0 0 2 6 for each 1 % of carbon

improved machinability

may be obtained by giving

the

up to 1-6%

In a fully quenched steel (with no free carbide

steel a small degree of cold work. Machinability. therefore,

o r austenlte) the decrease Is 0-122 for each 1 % of carbon up

can only be expressed in very approximate relative terms.

to 1*2%. The following table shows the approximate effect

An attempt has been made to give some such rough relative

of 1 % by weight of various alloying elements.

assessment of the various En steels which it Is hoped may be

of some help to the machinist and production engineer.

Alloying Element

Apart from this Wickman W i m e t Ltd. have carried

Silicon

comparative

machinability

tests

using carbide

out

tools

many of the En steels and these results are included

on
in

the appendix to Vol. .

Manganese (

-0061

3%)

**

2%)

-0012

Sulphur

-0167

Phosphorus
Nickel

-0037
(

"

Chromium (

H o t Working and Heat Treatment Temperatures

These are affected to some extent by the carbon content. A
low carbon permits somewhat higher hot working annealing
and

Effect on SC of ^, of element

(up to

hardening temperatures than a steel with carbon

at

the high end of the specification range. Generally speaking,

however, there is a fair degree of tolerance In the ranges of

Aluminium (

"

Molybdenum

6%)

- f 0 006

4%)

- 0 009

6%)

-0-142

("

1%)

-f0020

Copper

4%)

- f 0 006

Cobalt

"

7%)

+ 0 006

Tungsten

*'

20%)

+0065

temperature which may be used for these heating operations

These figures may help to Indicate by how much the

and those quoted will be found to be reasonably satisfaaory

actual specific gravity of a steel may differ from the quoted

for all carbon contents within the particular

specification.

data. W i t h the amount of elements normally present in

The temperatures quoted for hot working are, in general,

the low alloy steels the actual value will not differ from the

conservative. In many cases higher temperatures may be

quoted value by more than 0-02.

used, but in order to ensure that the overheating temperature

The density of steels in pounds per cubic inch is obtained

Is not exceeded the upper re-heating temperature has been

by multiplying the specific gravity by 0.0361 and In pounds

limited to that which may be considered safe for all steels

per cubic foot by 62*35.

within the specification.

The use of such lower re-heating

temperatures for hot working has the added advantages

of reducing the amount of decarburlzatlon and the extent
of the grain growth.

Specific Heat (c)

The specific heat of low alloy steels Is not very sensitive
to changes In composition and heat treatment. For example,

Carburizing Data
The

of the 16 carbon and low alloy steels tested by the N.P.L.

tables giving the approximate times to produce a

given case depth are intended as a guide only. They are

based on information provided by W i l d Barfield Limited,
(Rei.l2).
The

times for "solid** carburizing are based on

work

(Ref. 2) the values of the mean specific heat between 50^ and
100**C

varied only between 0-114 and 0-119.

Even

the

1 3 % chromium steels had a corresponding value of 0 1 1 3 .

The specific heats of the austenitlc steels are slightly higher,
namely, between 0-120 and 0 1 2 4 .

carried out using " E t e r n i t e " pack carburizing compound

The values of the mean specific heats are naturally affected

The times for''sait^'are based on the use of I. C. 1. Rapideep**

by heats of transformation of changes occurring within the

salt. The values given under "gas** are based on the use

temperature

of the W i l d Barfield patented P. T. G . process, the W i l d

preciable

Barfield

regions.

" C a r b o - d r i p " liquid

method, or

Endogas as a

range considered. Thus one may expect ap

differences

between

the steels in the critical

hydrocarbon gas

The values for the mean specific heat have been adjusted

(usually propane). These carburizing processes give identical

to a temperature range commencing at 20^C where the

carrier

gas with suitable

additions

of

results when carburizing at the maximum rate and given a

published data give values for

diffusion period to arrive in every example at

different temperature.

eutectoid

ranges beginning with a

composition at the surface.

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (k)

Physical Properties

The values quoted are mean coefficients of linear expansion

Specific Gravity (d)

per **C from 20C to the stated temperature. This physical

The specific gravity of a steel is only slightly affected by

property is again not very sensitive to composition in low

composition and heat-treatment. Values have been quoted

alloy

only for a temperature of 20^C. but if it is desired to know

the temperature range in question. The coefficient of expan

the specific gravity

d j at any other

temperature T(**C)

this may easily be calculated from the formula

= d2o[l-3a (T-.20)]

steels

provided

no

transformation

occurs

within

sion in the hardened condition differs only very slightly

from that in the annealed condition up to 100C. but beyond
this temperature transformations

occur which alter

the

properties of the steel and cause contraction of the material

where is the mean linear coefficient of thermal expansion

with consequent reduction of the mean coefficient of expan

between

sion.

2(r>C andre.

Notes on the Use of the Tables

Electrical Resistivity ()

to deal with the reciprocal of this property, namely with

A t room temperatures the electrical resistivity Is very

sensitive to composition and structure especially as regards
the state of the carbon.
800C this sensitivity

At

temperatures above about

is much reduced. The resistivity of

pure iron at 20C is close to 9-8 microhm-cm, whilst in fully

annealed pure iron-carbon alloys carbon appears to raise
this value by 3-5 for each 1 % of carbon. In commercially
annealed steels however, the effect of carbon appears to
be somewhat greater than this, namely 4-2 for each 1 %

the thermal resistivity (A), which tends to give more of a

straight
The

line

relationship.

thermal conductivity of pure iron at 20C appears

from the best results to be close to 0-175 cal/cm s deg C

giving a value of the thermal resistivity of 5-72.
Information

concerning the

influence

room

temperature : Log

= i

= 5-80+1 6 C + 4 - 1 S i + 1 - 4 M n + 5 - 0 P 4 - 1 - 0 N i + 0 - 6 C r
+0-6MO

where = Thermal Resistivity at 0C and k =

Conductivity

= 0-90 C + 0-996

where

C = percentage

of

at

0C; C ,

SI,

FegC by volume. Their results agree very closely, up to

has

which thermal conductivity

been checked

against the

Thermal

etc. = per cent

18 low

This

alloy

by

formula

steels

for

data have been determined

of carbon by

by the National Physical Laboratory (Ref. 2). The values

weight). This corresponds to a value of 9-94 for pure iron,

calculated for the low alloy steels agree with the determined

a value which they considered rather high due possibly to

values

3%

retention

of

(where C = per cent

Mn

weight of carbon, silicon, manganese etc.

1*3 per cent of carbon, with the formula

= 9-94+3 7 3 0

composition

and have derived the following formula:-

of carbon. Radcliffe and Rollason (Ref. 3) give the following

formula for annealed pure iron-carbon alloys at

of

is very scarce but we have examined what data are available

0-005%

of

carbon

in

solid

solution.

to

for

within
14

out

5%
of

for
the

all

the

steels and to within

18 steels. The formula gives

It could, however, be due to the combined effect of the

5-8 for the thermal resistivity of pure iron (5-72) and the

small amounts of impurities in the iron. Thus only 0-001%

difference may be accounted for by the presence of trace

of silicon could account for a rise in the resistivity of 0-013.

impurities not allowed for in the formula.

In

hardened steels,

carbon

increases

the

resistivity

The above formula does not apply to steels in the austenitic

appreciably more than in annealed steels. The amount of

condition since the effect of carbon in solution is probably

increase is not linear, the following being the resistivities

different from that In the form of cementite, and it

at room temperature of pure iron-carbon alloys in the fully

doubtful whether the coefficients

quenched condition:-

applied to the large quantities of the alloying elements

is

of the formula can be

present In the austenitic steels. It is also probable that the

0

Carbon %

0-2

0-4

0-6

0-8

1-0

1-2

1-4

thermal resistivity of ftice centred iron is different from that

of body centred Iron.

Resistivity,
microhm cm

9-8 12-7 16-2 20-5 26-5 37 0 47-0 47-5

In view of the difficulty of obtaining accurate data for

the thermal conductivities

of steels, it may be useful to

indicate two methods for obtaining reasonably reliable values

The Influence on the electrical resistivity of the alloying

where no data exist, especially for the values at elevated

elements in low alloy steels is approximately as follows:-

temperatures. The first of these methods can be used where

the thermal conductivity

Effect on Electrical

Element

at o r

near room temperature

Is known o r can be reasonably estimated by the use of the

Resistivity

above formula, and depends on the fact that the thermal

of 1 % by weight (microhm cm)

conductivity of all steels tends to a constant value of about

Silicon

(up

-M3-6

to 1-8%)

0-065 at temperatures of the order of QOO^C, The N.P.L.

Silicon

(1-8

to 6%)

8-5

data mentioned previously give the thermal

Manganese

(up

to 6%)

5-5

of 22 steels of a wide variety of composition. If, for any steel,

Phosphorus

(up

to 1-2%)

+11-0

the variation

Nickel

(up

to 5%)

2-5

is required, the curve can be drawn with a reasonable degree

Chromium*

(up

of certainty, provided the value at o r near room temperature

of thermal conductivity

conductivity

with temperature

to 5 X c a r b o n % )

0-6

Molybdenum (up

to 3%)

1-0

Is known o r can be estimated, by reference to the curve for

Titanium

(up

to 5%)

0-5

a similar steel drawn from the N.P.L. data.

Aluminium

(up to 4 % )

* In hardened low

alloy

+11-0
steel

the

effect

of

1%

of

The

second method makes use of the Lorenz function

L =s

(T = absolute temperature = 273+**C) and applies

chromium is to Increase the resistivity by about 5*5 microhm

in the case where the elertrical resistivity is known for a

cm.

range of temperatures. W h e r e is measured In microhmcm and k In Cal/cm s deg. C , L is of the order of 6 to 1 1 X 1 0 " .

Ttiermal Conductivity (k)

Theoretically the Lorenz function would be expected to

Data on thermal conductivity are relatively scarce due,

be constant for all steels at all temperatures, but for the

no doubt, to the difficulty of measuring this property with

22 steels listed by the N.P.L. the value varies between 6-8

a high degree of accuracy.

and

The thermal conductivity of steels at room temperature

is sensitive to composition

and heat-treatment but It Is

much less sensitive at temperatures above 700**C.

1 1 - 5 X 1 0 - * at

room temperature and between 61

and 7-3 x l O " * at 800**C. The value of the Lorenz f u n a i o n can

be deduced without a great deal of e r r o r from the known
values of steels of near composition and treatment, and

W h e o assessing the Influence of composition on the thermal

from the curve giving the variation of electrical resistivity

conductivity at room temperature It seems t o be better

with temperature, the thermal conductivities at different

Notes on the Use of the Tables

temperatures can be readily calculated, using this assumed

value for L. Values for the
conductivity

XIII

Young*s Modulus

Treatment

electrical resistivity, thermal

Hardness (H.V.)

and Lorenz function for the 22 steels covered

by the N.P.L. report are given In Appendix I.

880

13,100

"

T.400*>C

600

13,600

"

T.720C

260

13,800

O . Q . 830<>C

Young*s Modulus (E), Shear Modulus ( G ) and Poisson's

Ratio ()
Young's Modulus (or Modulus In Tension) and Shear
Modulus (or Modulus in Torsion) are readily determined
by

use of extensometers and torsionmeters

Magnetic Properties
The

respectively,

magnetic properties of steels are

but accurate values are not obtained unless very great

to

care is taken and those obtained in normal routine testing

particularly

are

frequently in error by 5 % . More

appear

to

be obtained by vibration or

tons/sq.in.

(Vibration Method)

changes of
to

composition
the

highly sensitive

and structure.

permeability

in

low

This applies

magnetic fields

accurate values

and to the coercivlty, but not so much to the value of the

pulse methods

saturation Induction which depends almost entirely on the

but the adiabatic values so obtained are not necessarily

amount

identical with the static values obtained with extensometers

amount of information available appears to

of

magnetic

phase present.

Unfortunately,

the

be relatively

specimens under load. W e have,

small so that it is not possible to evaluate the effect of the

therefore, indicated the method used for the determination

alloying elements, but only to give an Indication of the various

where such information

trends. Silicon and aluminium and possibly

o r torsionmeters

on

is known.

Most values quoted in the literature for Poisson's Ratio

()

have been derived from separate determinations of

nickel

tend

to improve the permeability in low magnetic fields and to

reduce the coercivlty. Carbon and chromium on the other
hand reduce the permeability in low fields and Increase

and G by use of the relationship = 1 . The values

so derived are subject to considerable errors, since slight
errors In either o r G are magnified In the subsequent
estimation of . Thus the values of and G of plain carbon
steel are of the order of 13,500 and 5.250 tons/sq.in. respec

the coercivlty. The coerc vi ty of any steel reaches its highest

value when the steel Is In the hardened condition and has
the lowest value In the fully annealed condition.

Transformation Characteristics

tively, giving a value of = 0-285. If were measured 2 %

Isothermal and continuous cooling diagrams have been

high and G 2 % low the calculated value of would be 0-335,

included for each steel for which they are available. Conti

giving an error of 1 7 % . The values of determined by this

nuous cooling diagrams may be drawn on either a time

method must, therefore, be regarded with considerable

basis o r a bar diameter basis, each having its own sphere of

suspicion. Better values of from static tensile tests are

usefulness, a diagram with a time basis when considering

obtained by simultaneous measurements of the lateral and

controlled heat-treatments, e.g. for large forglngs and the

longitudinal strains, the ratio of which gives a directly.

other for estimating the effect of different quenching rates

The

on

bars of varying diameters. Both types of diagram must

be

used with caution, however, since they are influenced

maximum error by this method would be merely the

sum of the errors in determining the two strains.

The values of the three elastic constants are not sensitive
to structure o r composition. Thus the values of for the

by many factorssuch as melting procedure, deoxidation treat

ment and composition.
In some of the continuous cooling diagrams, namely those

low alloy steels vary only between about 13,000 and 13,500
tons/sq.in., and of G from 5.000 to 5.300 tons/sq.in. The best

published

estimates of are all between 0-27 and 0-30 with a general

(IRSID),

by

average of about 0-285. If is known then G may be reasonably

cooling cycles adopted to

accurately estimated by using the value of 0-285 for since

produced by the transformations which occurred. O n each

lines

I'lnstitut de Recherches de la Siderurgle

are

superimposed showing
establish

the

the

different

different

zones

a small error in the latter produces only a negligible e r r o r

of these cooling curves is indicated the percentage of trans

in G . As an example for a steel having = 13,500 tons/sq.in.

formation of the austenite which has occurred during each

then assuming to be 0-300 and 0-270 (i.e. errors of 5 % )

transformation zone. The amount of transformation does

the calculated values for G are respectively 5,190 and 5,310

not

tons/sq.in.

the amount of austenite available for transformation

values which

only 1.16%, which

differ from the mean 5,250 by

is an amount smaller

than

normal

Jones and Nortcliffe (Ref. 4) suggest that for

ferritic

always add up to

1 0 0 % and the

deficiency

gives
to

martenslte. These curves also give the hardness at room

temperature resultlngfrom each particular cooling procedure

errors of measurement.

adopted.
In these diagrams we have included, where possible, the

steels the ratio ^

Is a constant ( 0 at any elevated tempera-

ture. Values for f at various temperatures are:

temperatures for the A C , and ACg transformations as well

as

for

the temperatures corresponding to

the start of

martenslte formation on cooling ($) and the completion

Temperature
f

20<>C
1-000

200OC

400OC

0-948

0-875

of the transformation (Mf) as well as temperatures corres

ponding to the formation of a stated percentage of the
0-775

transformation

product ( M ^ , , M50, M ^ ) . All these trans

formation temperatures are affected by composition. Some

The same authors also show that steels In the hardened

of the diagrams give Ae^ and A e i Instead of Acj and Ac,.

condition have slightly lower values of than in the softened

The former are temperatures corresponding to true

condition as Illustrated by the following values on a sample

librium conditions. Many a t t e m p u have been made to find

of En 31.

formulae for calculating the transformation temperatures.

equi

xiv

Notes on the Use of the Tables

but whilst the formulae agree tolerably well with the data

test or from quenching tests on bars of different diameters,

from which they were derived, they do not agree so well

and

with other published data. In an attempt to find a formula

more universally applicable D r . K . W . Andrews
has

examined data from

(Ref. 5)

British and foreign sources on

both types of information are included.

The relative hardenability on quenched bars was obtained

from hardness determinations across a number of diameters,
and

curves through the average values have been drawn

some 150 steels. These have been dealt with statistically

neglecting any peaks of hardness resulting from segregation

using the electronic computer at the United Steel Companies

effects.

Ltd. and he has put forward the following formula for cal
culating the AC3

temperature:-

Ac3(C) = 910-203>^~(-15-2 NI + 4 4 7 SI + 104 V +

3l-5Mo + 1 3 - l W

where

the

composition

is quoted In

fore, is very suitable for Illustrating the range of hardenabiiities to be expected from steels to a particular specification.
W h e r e they are available such ranges have been given for

weight per cent of the alloying element.

Other

The Jominy test provides a ready means of assessing the

relative hardenability of a particular cast of steel and. there

elements were discarded by the

computer, as

their variations were not such as to give a significant corre

each specification.
It Is not possible to relate accurately the Jominy harden

lation and when an attempt was made to bring them Into

ability with that obtained from quenched bars,

the formula by giving values for the elements, e.g. ( - 3 0 M n

first approximation the relationship shown In Fig 1. (Ref. 9)

but to a

- l l O C r - 2 0 C u + 7 0 0 P + 4 0 0 A I - h l 2 0 A s + 4 0 0 T i ) , values which

may

be used.

were derived from D r . Andrews* previous estimates for

the effect of such elements on the true equilibrium tempera

(Ae3),

ture

the calculated

results were not, In general,

so good as when these elements were neglected. The above

formula was based on steels containing up to 0*6% C and less
than 5 % of other

alloying elements. The formula gave

calculated values which agreed with the observed values

to within 17*C in 6 7 % of the steels and to within i 3 3 * * C
In 9 5 % of the steels. The greatest errors occurred In steel
with the higher alloy contents but the differences were
not systematic. It is possible that some of the errors were
due to errors of determination of the observed temperature
and possibly to the effect of interaction between the various
elements. It was considered that further analysis at this
stage would not lead to much improvement.
Dr.

Andrews has made a similar analysis for estimating

the Ac, and M temperatures and has given the following

relationships:- Ac,(*'C) = 7 2 3 - l 0 7 M n + 2 9 - l S i - 1 6 - 9 N i +
H-16 9 C r + 2 9 0 A s 4 - 6 - 3 8 W
latter formula for

might be compared with the

following published formulae:M,=:538 361C39Mn 19-5N1 3 9 C r 2 8 M o (Grange

and Stewart) (Ref. 6)
M , 561 4 7 4 C 3 3 M n 1 7 N I 1 7 C r 2 I M 0 (Stevens
and Haynes) (Ref 7)
M, =

5 0 0 - 3 l 7 C - 3 3 M n 17NI 2 8 C r 1 1 S 1 I I M 0

(Payson and Savage) (Ref. 8)

Formulae for calculating

the temperatures for varying

degrees of transformation have been proposed by Grange

and

Stewart and by Stevens and Haynes. These merely

alter the constant in their formula for Ms as follows:,

Constant T e r m (C)
ff

M50

Mfo

551 514 458

of 2240 lbs.). Conversion Tables of tons per square inch to

pounds per square inch and to kilograms per square mil
limetre are given In Appendix IV to Volume 1.
Values of percentage elongation and percentage reduction
of area have been reported to the

nearest

unit

since

the usual methods of measurement rarely Improve on this

accuracy. Elongation values are mainly those obtained on
the

former

British Standard Test Pieces for

which

the

gauge length Is 4 ^ A (=s3*54d) where A and d are respectively

the area of cross section and the diameter of the parallel
portion of the test piece. The recently published revision
of BS.18

Method for Tensile Testing of Metals*', following

recommendations of the International

Standards Organi

sation, has Introduced the gauge length of 5-65 / ( = 5 X d)

Standard test pieces. W e have given wherever possible

the elongation values corresponding to both gauge lengths.
The

amount of comparative data is, however, very small

and

existing

conversion charts o r

curves appear to

be

far from accurate. The conversion from one gauge length

to the other will obviously depend on the reduction of
area and few conversion charts take account of this factor.
From tests carried out by the National Engineering Labora
tory,

however.

martensitic

approximately
austenitic

It

would

appear that for

steels the elongation per cent

0*83

Elongation on 1 a

ferritic and
=

i*

and

for

steels the corresponding factor is 0 90. More

accurate conversions can be obtained from the table we

reproduce In Appendix II. This u b l e was Initially based

Mf

Mgi

on a paper by Kuntze (Ref. 10), and was adjusted to give

538 513 488 452 416

561

Mio

Proof Stress, Yield Strength and Tensile Strength values

are given to the nearest 0-1 ton/sq. In. (these are long tons

commonly employed on the Continent as that for British

M,(*C) = 512 4 1 0 C l 4 M n 1 8 N I .
The

Mechanical Properties

(Ref. 6)

346 (Ref. 7)

the best fit

for a large number of comparisons we had

available. The table has been checked against the

results

of careful tests carried out by the National Engineering

In the discussion of Grange and Stewart's paper, Jaffa

Laboratory on 52 specimens of low alloy steels of widely

proposed a modification to the formula as follows

differing tensile properties. All the estimations of percent

= 5 3 8 b(36lC-I-39Mn+19-5 NI-|-39Cr.f-28Mo)

elongation on 1 = 5-65 / based on the table agreed within

where = percentage of martenslte formed

b = : 1-0 for M. 1-084 for Mjo. M 8 for Mjo. 1-29 for M,o
and

1 -45 for

austenitic

steels.

N o distinction has been made between the elongation values

of British and American test pieces. These rarely differ by

Hardenability
Hardenability

1 unit and In 44 cases within 0-5 units with the determined

values. This table cannot be used for

more than 1 unit and, in any case, the values obtained on

Is ascertained

either

from

the

Jominy

the American test piece will be lower than those o b u l n e d

Notes on the Use of the Tables

XV

Distance along jominy e n d quench bar corresponding to the ccnirc of hardened round bars

Distance f r o m qgencbcd end-inches

FIf

on

a British test piece and consequently conservative in

1.

of trace elements such as phosphorus, tin etc. and by the

ferrltic grain size of the material. Unfortunately for some

nature so far as concerns British usage.

have not included, except in a few cases, values of

of the data, the fullest information regarding the material

the limit of proportionality. This value is very difficult to

Is not available and such important information as steel-

determine with a high degree of precision and can be very

making process, degree of de-oxidation o r amount of alu

much affected

minium added o r the grain-size of the material tested cannot

We

as

by the presence of Internal stresses such

are produced by cold straightening

operations.

Izod Impact values and Charpy type tests with an Izod V

notch have been reported asfoot-poundstofracture, to the
nearest unit. Unless otherwise indicated Charpy key-hole and

be

stated. Such data must, therefore,

be treated

with

extreme caution, and are only indicative of what is obtainable

under certain (not necessarily stated) conditions.
Various methods have been proposed for determining the

Charpy U-notched tests (Mesnager o r D V M ) are reported

transition

In the manner typical of Continental practice, namely in

the Impact value Is a given percentage of the value at the

temperature,

e.g. the

temperature

at

which

terms of kilogram-metres per square centimetre of section

lowest temperature when the fracture is 1 0 0 % fibrous; the

behind the notch. There is no definite relationship between

temperature at which the i m p a a value is the average of

the various notch Impact tests. Approximate relationships

the

are shown in the Appendix V I .

for

The mechanical properties of steels are affected not only

maximum
a

which

specified
the

and

minimum

values; the

Impact value, o r

fracture

the

temperature

temperature

at

surface shows 5 0 % fibrous and 5 0 %

process and

brittle fracture. W h e r e possible curves showing both the

whether grain refining additions were used. Thus within

energy to fracture and the percentage amount of fibrous

any

by composition but also by the steelmaklng

Is, In general, a fairly

fracture have been Included so that any of these methods

wide spread of properties; we have accordingly, where

of assessment may be determined. W h e r e curves were not

possible, drawn curves showing the range of values that

given In the original report the method of determining

have been recorded for each steel. W e have also included

the transition temperature Is stated.

particular

specification

there

curves showing the effect of section size (the so-called

mass effect) for the most frequently used hardening and
tempering

treatments.

Mechanical Properties at Elevated Temperatures

Short time tensile properties at temperatures above room
temperature may be affected to a certain extent

Mechanical Tesu at Low Temperatures and Impact Transition

Temperature Data
These properties

are Influenced

by composition and,

especially In the case of notch Impact value, by the presence

rate of pulling, information

by the

for which, however. Is not

always stated In the reports from which the d a u have been

abstracted.
At

the time of writing there

Is no British Sundard

Specification for the Short Time Tensile Test. The B ^ ,

Notes on the Use of the Tables

XVI

Specification

3082 Pt. 1 1959 has now been

withdrawn

tures for any one type of steel. Special heat treatments o r

and a revised version is at the moment in course of prepara

fabrication

tion. In B.S.3082 Pt. 1 the rate of testing was specified t o

the material without improving, and possibly even diminish

the

may exploit

be not greater than 2*5 tons/sq.in. min., the recommended

ing,

rate for arbitration purposes being between 1-25 and 2-5

be

tons/sq.in. min. In the revised version* the rate of pulling

rupture data quoted for any one steel.

potentialities of

properties. Such treatments

should

taken Into account when considering the creep and

The

will be specified in terms of strain rate which it Is proposed

long term

the short term

selection

of carbon steels

for

high

temperature

to 0-003 in./in. min. when de

service demands great care since the features which make

termining the Proof Stress and Lower Yield Stress values.

for ease of manufacture, such as free machinability or ease

N o limitation is envisaged on the strain rate duringthe major

of forming are those most likely to

part of the elastic range but the suggestion is that It should

poor creep resistance.

is to be within the range 0001

be associated with

Figure 2 shows a series of curves tentatively prepared by

be reduced so that the above conditions can be met before

the elastic limit or yield point is reached. There are two

the National Engineering Laboratory for different

tentative specifications Issued by the American Society for

used In steam plant.

steels

In using creep data for a particular steel, one should take

Testing Materials. E21-58T recommends 0-005 o r 0 - 0 5 In./ln.

yield point and 0-05 t o 0-10 in./in. min.

Into account the charaaerlstic shape of the creep curves

beyond this point. O n the other hand El51-61 specifies

for the material and the normally expected elongation at

min.

up to

the

rupture. Some of the more creep resistant

three rates of pulling

strain offset
(b)

and 0-10

the

elastic range, and

T Y P I C A L PROPERTIES O F S O M E STEELS U S E D I N S T E A M
POWER PLANT
E S T I M A T E D STRESS T E M P E R A T U R E R E L A T I O N S H I P S F O R
R U P T U R E I N 100,000 H O U R S

(c) 5-0 in./in. min. In the elastic range.

The

present International Standards O r

ganisation recommended
205-1961)
than

specifies

tons/sq.in.

majority of the creep test, but which accelerates rapidly into

0-002 beyond this point

Rapid 0-5 0-02 In./ln. min. In

rate

a rate
min.

(I.S.O./R.

not

and

greater

rate

20

of

between 125 and 2-5 tons/sq.in. min. for

- 25
En58HCr.Ni-Mo.

is also under

review and that rates similar to those p r o

posed for the

revised British

-30

15h

arbitration purposes. W e understand, how

ever, that this specification

materials have

curves with a flat secondary stage which continues for the

(a) Conventional 0-005 0-002 In./ln. min. up to 0-6%

specification

are being put forward for consideration.

W e have stated the rate of loading o r the

"\

. 20

- 15

speed of pulling where this information was

given.

* B. S. 3688, pt. 1 , 1963.

UJ

Creep and Stress Rupture Properties

o:

NORMALISED'^x

Many of the En steels are not suitable for

High

Temperature service

and

for

such

CARBON

data on steels which are used for such service

as full as we would

have

liked.

In cases where creep Is likely to

be of

AOO

plot, o n

500

Importance, the usual method of obtaining

the design stress limits Is to

\ \ \ \

Stress Rupture Properties. Indeed the

are not

OC
^ ft

\
\

STEELS

steels there are very few data on Creep

and

s \

UJ

Fif

stress/temperature diagram the following:(a)

line

representing some fraction

of the tensile strength the of material

at the

(1) about

0-25%

stress o r 1 % proof stress at tempera

(3) about

0*25% carbon

creep

strain

In

100,000

hours.
Safe design stresses are considered t o be those below all
of these lines. There appears to be appreciable scatter (of
the o r d e r

of

2 0 % ) In

the

stress

2.

about

1%

Manganese,

deoxidized by Silicon.
pro

values

steel with

about

0-5% Manganese,

deoxidized

by

Silicon.
pro

longed streu relieving heat treatment.

A line representing the stress to cause

1%

with

(4) ditto, but deoxidized by Aluminium or roughly group (3) steels subjected to

ture.
or

ttl

longed stress relieving heat treatment.

temperature concerned.

either rupture

carbon

(2) ditto, but deoxidized by Aluminium or rouglily group (1) tteels subjected to

(b) A line representing the 0-2% proof

(c)

700

600

TEMPERATURE

for

times

t o reach specific creep strains o r rupture at given tempera-

the tertiary stage to final

rupture

with a fairly small

elongation. Such behaviour would not be satisfactory

for

some applications, where the normal behaviour of materials

with greater creep d u a i l l t y would be preferable. In these
the tertiary stage Is often

prolonged throughout

much

of the test, but because of the considerable ductility, stress

Notes on the Use of the Tables

XVII

gradients will be reduced within the component and there

2 tons/sq.in. for all steels above about 25 tons/sq.in. tensile

is unlikely to be a sudden unexpected failure of the compo

strength. A somewhat similar formula Is quoted by the Inter

nent.
It

national Nickel Company (Mond) Ltd. In their publication

Is strongly

recommended, especially when there Is

"The

Mechanical Properties of Nickel

Alloy

Steels" viz.:

any doubt In the use o r Interpretation of creep data, that

Shear Strength =

the experience of the material manufacturer or one of the

sq.ln.) These two formulae agree at about 120 tons/sq.in.

research laboratories specializing In creep testing should

tensile strength

be Invoked, so as to ensure that the design is as safe as can

sq.ln. the Brown-Firth formula Indicated a shear strength of

be achieved with the data available.

22-5

0-53 Tensile Strength

6-5 (tons/

whilst at a tensile strength of 25 tons/

tons/sq.in. compared with 1 9 7 by the

International

C o . (Mond) Ltd. formula. The Brown-Flrth formula has the

advantage of being the easier to use and to remember.

Torsion Tests

There does not appear to be such a simple relationship

As In the case of tensile test data the strength values are
reported to the nearest 0-1 tons/sq.in.
Torsional properties

between the yield points in torsion and tension but the

ratios of the two values appear to range themselves about

are usually determined on

solid

a mean value of 0*58 which Is the theoretical value according

cylindrical specimens and may be calculated from the twisting

to the Huber-Mises-Henky criterion which deduces that

moment In accordance with two

different

assumptions.

According to the first of these, It Is assumed that the material

behaves elastically throughout the test; in other

the ratio should be -

= 0-577.

words

that the shear stress at any point In the cross section of

the test piece Is proportional to Its distance from the axis.

Fatigue Properties

This gives the following formula for calculating the shear

stress from the observed twisting moment.

The fatigue properties of metals are usually determined

(1) Shear Stress = " j j X twisting moment

^
The

(where r Is

the radius of the test portion)

second method assumes that the stress Is uniform

from the axis to the surface of the specimen and gives the
formula :-

aration, unfortunately, not only work-hardens the surface

layers but also Induces compressive stresses In the surface
layers, both of which tend to raise the fatigue limit of the
material, and Cina has shown that the difference betv/een
the fatigue limits determined under conditions of reversed
axial loading (Haigh test) and of reversed rotary bending

(2) Shear Stress = rj. twisting moment.

The

on mechanically polished specimens. This method of prep

(Wohler

formula (1) applies t o all stresses up to the yield

point since up t o this point only a very small

portion

test)

is

largely

removed when

electrolytically

polished specimens were used (Ref. 11). Since this cold

work effect can be influenced appreciably by the different

near the outer surface of the test piece suffers plastic defor

procedures adopted In preparing the test pieces it is clear

mation. It also applies to the maximum shear strength of

that fatigue test data must always be treated with a good

materials which are very low In ductility. The formula (2)

deal of

corresponds more closely to the conditions near breaking

point in the case of ductile materials.

and

The various proof stress and yield point values have been
calculated according to formula (1). As regards the

torsional

caution.

W h e r e possible we have included data o n both notched

u notched test pieces, but values for the former have

only been given when either the theoretical stress concen

tration factor (Kt) Is known, o r the dimensions of the test

strength (or maximum shear strength) we have quoted the

piece and of the notch are stated from which

values using both these formulae. That obtained

calculated. In all cases of notch-fatigue data we quote either

from for

mula (1) is sometimes called the modulus of rupture

apparent shear strength.
Is called

or

That obtained from formula (2)

probable shear strength

for

ductile

materials.

may be

the relevant details of the notch and the specimen o r

o r both.
It Is, however, considered necessary t o offer a w o r d of

It will be noticed that the probable shear strength is equal

warning concerning the

to three-quarters of

data to other cases, particularly where differences in speci

the apparent shear strength

when

testing cylindrical solid specimens.

In a few cases tests have been carried out on tubular speci

possible extrapolation

of these

men

size and notch geometry are involved. T w o factors

may

operate to render the extrapolation of data o b u l n e d

mens for which the above formulae do not apply. For thin

on test pieces with shallow notches (such as would be used

walled tubes the stress can usually be considered to be

In a small r o u t i n g bending fatigue test) an unsafe procedure

uniform across the section, but we have estimated

both

by which to assess the fatigue strength of a component with

the apparent and probable shear stress for tubular specimens

a deeper notch, even where different

used, taking Into account the wall thickness and diameter

same

in each case. The amount of data on the torsional properties

unbroken test pieces in a notched specimen fatigue determi

of steels Is comparatively small compared with that for

the tensile properties. However, there appears to

be a

purely empirical relationship between the probable shear

strength and the tensile strength of materials at o r near
normal atmospheric temperatures. O n e formula deduced
by the late G . Stanfleld of the Brown-Firth Research Labo
ratories, Sheffield, Is:Shear
In.)

nation may contain non-propagating cracks and their pres

ence o r absence will not. In general, have been esublished.
The

notched fatigue strength, estimated f r o m the S

curve using complete fracture as the criterion of failure,

will, therefore, depend on the stress required t o propagate
a crack through the material

rather than on the stress

needed t o initiate a fatigue crack. Recent researches have

Strength = ^ Tensile

This formula appears to

notches have the

value. The first Is that, for a certain notch-geometry,

Strength

give

values

-|-10 (tons/sq.
within

about

shown that the alternating stress required to propagate

such cracks depends o n the depth of the notch. For a given

xviii

Notes on the Us of the Tables

material, non-propagating cracks are more likely to occur

in shallow than in deep notches having the same
and

extrapolation

and using the Index directly to deduce the probable fatigue

from the case of the shallower notch

strength of a differently notched component may, therefore,

would tend to be optimistic.

The

for a material from a series of notched fatigue test pieces,

value,

lead to serious errors.

second feature which can influence such extrapola-

tions is the unknown difference in residual surface stresses

W e are indebted to

Mr.D.J. Armstrong

and Mr. A.J.

Fennerof the National Engineering Laboratory for assistance

in the roots of notches of different geometry and formed

In preparing the notes on High Temperature properties

by

and notched fatigue tests.

different machining processes.

The

practice of deriving

a "notch-sensltlvlty"

index

REFERENCES
1. Welding Notes on the Combined Services Steel Specifications (Spec. D.G.6 Part II), H.M.S.O.
2.

Physical Constants of Some Commercial Steels at Elevated Temperatures, Butterworth Scientific Publications, 1953.

3.

Radcliffe & Rollason,

Iron and Steel Inst, Vol. 189, 1958, II, page 45.

4. Jones and Nortcliffe, ], Iron and Steel Inst. V o l . 157, 1947, page 535.
5. D r . K . W . Andrews, The United Steel Companies Research and Development Department, Private Communication.
6. Grange and Stewart, Trans. A.I.M.E,,

V o l . 167, 1946, page 467.

7. Stevens and Haynes, J. Iron and Steel Inst. V o l . 183,1956, II, page 349
8. Payson and Savage, Trans. A.S.M. Vol. 33,1944, page 261
9. Steel Specification Handbook, English Steel Corporation Ltd.
10.

Kuntze, Arch, fr das Eisenhttenwesen Heft 10, April 1936, page 510

11. Cina. Metallurgia, Vol. 55,1957, N o . 327, page 1 1 .

12.

W i l d Barfield Heat Treater's Pocket Book.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
May

General
AOH

Acid O p e n Hearth

Basic Electric Arc

Bess

Bessemer

BOH

Basic O p e n Hearth

Celsius (Centigrade)

o r with metal arc welding the use of

May

be welded, but special precautions may be

required, e.g. pre-heating and the use of

cular

centimetre

deg,^

degree, degrees (temperature o r angle)

dia., D

diameter

ft.

foot, feet

hex.

hexagon

hr

hour, hours

H.F.

high frequency

In.

Inch. Inches

electrodes.

Post welding

parti

heat-treatment

Is necessary to restore the mechanical properties

of the parent metal.
Advice should be sought before attempting to weld.
W e l d i n g is not recommended.
Sufficient

room temperature

sq.

square

information

on

the

welding

of

this

steel is not yet available.

Brazing and Bronze W e l d i n g satisfactory.
Brazing and Bronze W e l d i n g is possible but the

millimetre

KT

mechanical properties of the parent metal are

liable to modification.

degrees Celsius (Centigrade)

particular

electrodes.

cm

mm

be welded, but special precautions may be

required, e.g. pre-heatjng, post heating or both,

microns (10"* cm)

Brazing and Bronze W e l d i n g are not recommended

The process is not applicable to steel In this form

W i t h currently

available filler rods, wires and

electrodes, the strength of the weld metal may

Chennlcal Composition

be

less than

that

of

the parent

Al

Aluminium

As

Arsenic

Carbon

Cr

Chromium

Annealed

Mn

Manganese

AC

A i r Cooled

Mo

Molybdenum

AH

A i r Hardened

Nitrogen

BC

Blank Carburlzed

Nb

Niobium (Columblum)

CD

Cold Drawn

Heat Treatment

NI

Nickel

EQ

End Quenched

Oxygen

FC

Cooled in Furnace

Phosphorus

Normalized

Pb

Lead

OH

Oil

Sulphur

OQ

Oil Quenched

Se

Selenium

SC

Slow Cooled

Si

Silicon

Tempered

Hardened

Ti

Titanium

WH

W a t e r Hardened

Vanadium

WQ

W a t e r Quenched

Tungsten

Physical Properties

Welding

Brazing and Bronze W e l d i n g by Gas

Magnetic Induction

Brem

Magnetic Remanence

(c)
(d),S.G.

Specific Heat
Specific Gravity

Flash and

Gas W e l d i n g

Young's Modulus

IG

Inert Gas W e l d i n g

Shear Modulus

MA

Metal Arc W e l d i n g

Cal

Gram calories

Spot, Seam and Projection W e l d i n g

Magnetizing Field

Readily welded; no special precautions are requir

He
k

Thermal Conductivity

ed
b

metal.

(This

symbol Is always used with one of the above.)

Resistance W e l d i n g

provided the correct

filler rod o r wire Is

Magnetic Coercive Force

used when fusion welding.

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

Readily welded, but post-welding heat treatment

Thermal

is necessary to restore the mechanical properties

Electrical Resistivity

of the parent m e u l .

xlx

Resistivity

Poisson's Ratio

List of Abbreviations

XX

Transformation Characteristics

HB

Austenite

Ac

Transformation Temperature on

Ae

Equilibrium Transformation Temperature

Bainite

Cementlte

Ferrlte

Heating

Martensite

M$

Start of Austenlte to Martensite Transformation

Mf

Temperature for 1 0 0 % Austenite to

Martensite

Transformation
Temperature for % Austenite to

Martensite

Transformation

Pearlite

VIckers Diamond Hardness N u m b e r

KgM

Kilogramme-force metres

Kt

Neuber's theoretical stress concentration factor

Gauge length

(M)

Midway between centre and outside of test piece

(O)

Outside position of test piece

PS

Proof Stress

Radius of bend in a bend test

RA

Reduction of Area per cent

(R)

Tensile Strength (International Symbol)

(xRp)

Proof Stress In Tension for per cent departure

from the Proportionality line

RPM

Revolutions per min, Reversals per min

(R,)

Yield

Area

Thickness of Bend test piece

Mechanical Properties
A

Rockwell C Hardness N u m b e r

HV

Long.(L) Longitudinal Test

Brinell Hardness N u m b e r

HRC

Point

in

Tension (International Symbol)

(A)

Elongation per cent (International Symbol)

Trans, (T) Transverse Test

(C)

Centre of test piece

TS

Tensile Strength

El

Elongation per cent

YP

Yield Point

t.lb.

Foot-pounds

(Z)

Reduction of Area per cent (International Symbol)

En I

FREE CUTTING STEEL FOR MACHINING

SPECIFICATION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)

En1A
En18

Si

0'07-0'15
0'07-0'15

0'10 max
0'10 max

Mn

080-1'20 0'20-0'30
100-1-40 0'30-0'60

0'07 max
0'06 max

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

A. Rolled
Normalized

En1A

<4

Limiting rulinc seCtion. in.

Tensile streneth tons/sq.in. min. (R m )

Elonpdon, per cent, min. (A)
Izod impact valu*. ft.lb., min.

En 18

23
26

Cold Rolled or Drawn

28*
20*
25*

2t

Lirnitina: ruling ction. in.

rensile stren&th, tons/sq.in. min. (R m )
Elon&ation. per cent, min. (A)
bod impact value, ftlb .. min.

23
2<4

over
to H
28

32
10

over 1
to 2 t
25

over 2
to <4
23

oyer

27
10

1<4

1<4

1<4

up to
28*
20*
25*

upto

to 1 t
25
12

over 1 t
to 2 t
23
12

* A. this steel is sometim.. used for cue hardenine th..e valu.. may be expected in the core
after the standard heat treatment u for En 32A.

RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
AMERICA

En No.

En1A

S.A.E.

A.I.S.I.

1113

CII13

FRANCE
A.F.N.O.R.

12 MF of

GERMANY
Werkstoff No.
1.0806

SWEDEN

Name

DIN

5.1.5.

9S27

1651

11<4.922

En I
2

Properties of the British Standard En steels

APPLICATIONS
These steels are suitable for applications where good machinability Is the prime consideration. They are therefore used
for the rapid production on single or multiple spindle automatic lathes and capstan lathes of finely finished components
which will not be subjected to high stresses in service, e.g. light duty studs, cycle components and many intricate parts for
textile and printing machinery.
This type of steel cannot be relied upon to possess good transverse properties and should not be used for hollow
parts which might be subjected to an internal pressure which would set up wall stresses dangerously near to the transverse yield stress.
Case hardening can be carried out but this steel Is not recommended for general case hardening work and it is not
Intended for use where the hardened case is subject to severe impact in service.

WELDING
(See Introduction for key to symbols used In this table)
Weldin, Procus

En No.

Description

H"

,,, I

Free cuttinlltee'

IG

Reproduced by kind permillion 01 H.M.S.a.

Welding of this steel Is not recommended, but If welding Is necessary It may be arc welded using heavily coated dead
soft mild steel electrodes of the down hand fillet welding type. In order to minimize porosity preliminary stress relieving
at 4S0-S000 C Is recommended for parts made from cold drawn bars. If the welded parts are subsequently case-hardened.
the weld metal may not have the same mechanical properties as the parent metal. Welding should not be attempted on
case hardened surfaces.

MACHI NABILITY
These steels are especially suited to rapid machining and to the requirements of high production machining practice.
En lA steel can be machined at rates over twice those used for normal mild steel (En 3).
En 1B steel has even better machinability and can be machined at rates apprOXimately SO per cent more than those used
for En lA

HOT WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES

Forging. Rolling and StampIng
Annealing
Normalizing
Sub-critical annealing
Carburizing
Refining after carburlzlng
Hardening after carburizlng

12S0C finish above 900C

880-950C Furnace cool
880-950oC Air cool
630-700C Air cool
880-930 oC
870-900oC Water, Oil or Air cool
depending on section size
760-780oC Water quench

En I
3

Free Cutting Steel for Machining

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (d)

(See also En 2)
Chemical Composition (%)
Si

Hn

0'096 0'015 095 0'222 0'027

0'088 0015 1'15 0'400 0'027

He.t
Treatment

S.G.t 200C

Ref.

7'82

1
1

..

As forged

7n

SPECIFIC HEAT (c)

(See also En 2)
Chemical Composition (%)
Si

Hn

He.n Specific Heat. Cal/g deg C

Heat

0'096 0'015 0'95 0'222 0'027

0'088 0'015 1'15 0'400 0'027

Treatment

As forged

20 to 20 to 20 to 20 to 20 to 20 to
200C 300C 4OOC 500C 600C 650C

Ref.

1
1

0'120 0'127 0'1304 0'1042 0'1045

0'119 0125 0'131 0138 0'1041

0'113
0'113

MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION (a)

(See also En 2)
Chemlc.1 Composition (%)

SI

Hn

108 x Hean Coeflicient of Therm.1 Expansion/deg C

Heat
Treatment

0'096 0015 0'95 0222 0027

0088 0015 115 0'400 0027

A. forged

Ref.
20 to 20 to 20 to 20 to 20 to 20 to 20 to 20 to
l00C 200C 300C 4OOC SOO'C 6OOC 650C 700C
12'60 1305
12'30 12'95

13'040
13-50

13-95
1395

1445
104-35

"',95
104-75

15'20
""95

1
1

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (e)

(See also En 2)
Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Hn

0'096 0'015 0.95 0222 0'027

0'088 0015 1'15 0'400 0'027

Heat
Treatment

..

As forged

Electrical Resi.tivity. microhm cm

Ilel.
200C 1000C 2000C 3000C 4OOC 5000C
159
15'6

20'6
20'04

27'2
27'6

35'6
36'8

045'8
047'5

58'2
600

6000C 6S0C
72'5
704'5

807
81'8

1
1

En I
of the British Standard E.n steels

Properties
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (k)

(See also En 2)
Chemical Composition (%)
C

SI

Mn

Thermal Conductivity. cal/cm

Heat
Treatment

dec C
Ref.

looC 2OOC 3OOC -4OOC SOOC 6OOC

.. ..

0'096 OOlS 095 0222 00027

0'088 0015 101S 00400 0021

N Forced

0'130
0'130

0123
0123

0113
0113

0103
0'103

00096
0'096

1
1

0090
0090

YOUNG'S MODULUS (E). SHEAR MODULUS (G) AND POISSON'S RATiO (a)
(See also En 2)
Chemical Composition (%)

SI

0096
0-088

00015
0015

Mn

Section
Size
dla.
(In.)

Heat
Treatment
OC

N.900

0'95 0'222 0'021

1'15 0'-400 00027

Youn.'.

Shear
Modulus

Modulul
Sutic

PoilSon'l Ratio

Ref.

0'280
0279

2
2

Tons/lq.in.

1.

13.450
13.450

5.250
5.260

Calculated Values.

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
(See also En 2)
Macnetic Induction B (causs) for Macnetizinc Field of H (oersted)

Ref.

Chemical Composition
H-l0
(within specified rance
for En lA)

Chemical Composition (%)

C

SI

Mn

001 0005 095 02.... 0022

0'10 0009 1-20 0'490 0024

40

50

60

14200
13500

15000
14600

15600
15600

20

4800 10400
4800 9-400

BO

100

150

16100 lnoo
16700 17300

18100
18200

200

250

18800
18900

19350
19300

Heat
Treatment
C

Hacnetlc Induction B (,aulS) for Macnetl.lnc Field of H (oented) =

N.900
N Rolled

12000 14500 15900 16800 11200 11600 19200 20000 20700 21200
11000 14200 15800 16600 11100 11600 19100 20200 20800 20600

H=10

20

40

60

80

100

200

300

-400

500

1
1

(C auII)

Brem

H.
(oented)

Ref.

8110
8510

3'4
3'4

9
9

En I
5

Free Cutting Steel for Machining

TRANSFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS

ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION

See En 2.

HARDENABILITY
END QUENCH HARDENABILITY CURVE

(Ref. 3)

2SO

200

S:>:
150

1\

100

-.J

0'1

t--

7
8 .q
:1
10
12
14

4
b

DIStance

from

10 H 12 13 14
16
18
20
22

15
24

1:1 17 i nches
26
28,i,teenth,

quenched end of bar.

(Ref. 3)
Chemkal Compoddon

2SO
(y~

51

Mn

0-11

0-05

0'86

0-19

0-010

lfdio.

~i

200

ia.

I~dio.

~
:r

...Ii
iic

:r

ISO

HARDNESS TRAVERSE CURVE

100
10

\ \~ L)/V l

'" "'"
05

io.

./

05

Di,tance from centre of &or

100

On)

m
:::s

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(See also En 2)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process 01
Manulac,ure

A5TM
Grain
Size

Section

0007
007
007

0-08
008
0'08
0'08
008
0'08
0-08
0'08
008
0'08
0-08
0'08

B.O.H.

BoO.H.

McQuaid
Ehn
6

..
,.

..
B_O_H.

Tensile

0-08

SI

0-005
0009

0'005
0005
0005
0009
0005
0-01
0-01
0-009
0009
0-009
0009
0-005

MA

0093
090
0-96

093
100
0'98
0'88
102
1'28
1-23
1'04
105
1'12
1'1)
1'15

00276
0'250
0'24

0300
0288
0-220
0'2S0
0'264
I)-4H
0....2
0'50
00....
045
0-48
00400

..
.. ..
.
.

.. .. ..

009
009
0'09
0'09
0-09
009

00007

00005
0-005
0'005
Tr
0-009
0005

..

1'02

0'98
0'97
0'95
0-81
1-30
1'20

00<453

0234
0'210
0'222
0-252
0-450
0-423

0027
0023
o-OH

002<4
0'021
0'022
0021
0023
0038
0043
0'029
0'021
0023
0'025
0'020

Ni

dia.

He..
Treatment

(in_)

0'15
0'15
0'17
0'29

1
1.
3
6
1.

i
H
H
H
H
H

0021

,.

0021

Incot
reduction
2:1(0)L
(C) L
(O)T
(C)T
4: 1(0) L
(C)L
.. (O)T
(C)T
8: 1(0) L
(C) L
.. (O)T
.. (C)T
16:1(0) L
(C) L
(O)T
(C)T

..

..
.

..

Size

3
6

0'22

00042

0-024
0217
0027
O'OH
0'023
0'029

Pb

0-18
0'21

1.
1
1.

Ii
H
..
1\

0'05% 0'1%
0'2% 0'5%
P.S.
P.5.
P.5.
P.S.
)
(0'
lR
)
(0'2R
(005R p
p ) (O'SR p)
p

Y.P.
(R s )

Tons,sq.in_

Col4 Drawn
As Rolled

32-9
23'8
2)'8

Cold Drawn
Cold Drawn
As Rolled

N.900

y.

""6

"',6

14'6

16-0

16'0

16'1

16'1

..
..

ReI.

,~

4
5

19

159
15-8
164
15'8
16'2
16'8
16-8
16'0
18-0
17-0
16'8
168
170
17'2
17'0
124

23-8
23'S
23'8
23-2
23-8
23-8
23-8
22'6
24-2
23-9
23-6
216
24-2
23'8
23-6
13'2

3"
34
3H
2H
36
36
24
15
37
38
31
H
36

25-4
25-2
24'<4
264
26'8
24-<4
276

36
37
45
31
31
35
22

37
37
32
<40
38
14

52
3H
32

13.

22
35
37
30
<43

37

62

54
53
4H
2H
57
56
2H
18
57
57
41.
19
57
5H
33
11

3"
28
3

58
26
30

6
5

36
<45
23
22
39
53
20
18
38
53
20
18
<42
51
18
18

..
..

.
.

---

.. .

As Rolled

Cold Drawn

,..

16-2

Y.

. .

Izod
1,.lb.

18

25<4
24-8
24-6
240
2<4'8
30-7
277
260
246
24'2
256
198

""6

As forced

N.900
As Rolled
As Rolled

EI
R.A.
(%)
(%)
(A)
(Z)
50
<4t'A

---

T.5.
(R m )

16'0

16'0

16-0

16'1

17-8

17-8

17-8

179

16'2
15-6

3H

6H
50
52
47

59
54
33

3
7
5
6
6

::t

if

~
So

,.

~
Ef

:;,-

:J

g-

et

ITI

:J

;;;til

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Proc_ol
Manulac-

cur.

Sl

Mn

Tensile

Pb

Section
Siz.
dia.
(In.)

H.c
Treatment

0,%
P.S.

(OIR..)

02%

0'5%

Y.P.

T.S.

(02R ..)

(OSR..)

(R.)

(R m )

P.S.

Tr

088
090
0'67
111

0174
0'248
0232
0'240

0032
0'025
0036
0.0.0

010

0011

105

(H02

0035

082 hex

010
0'10

Tr

103

0424

0038

0875 hex

0-86

0049
0'060
0030
0032

1-07
093

0'264
0'2S1
0'270
0236

1-04
1-10

o-U6
0'246

0025
0-032

107
0-85

0-244
02"3

0031
0030

0-11
0'11
0'11
011

8.0.H.

B.O.H.

NlO

0-11
0-11

Tr
00033

0-12
012
0-18

0'005

. . .

Cold Drawn

2f

Brr,ht Turned
N Rolled

2ft

. . . .

0-82 hex
2

2f

0-20

. .

Ii

H
6

ft

In

174

Cold Dnwnn
N Rolled
Cold Drawnn

N Rolled
Cold Drawn
Cold Drawn
Turned lie
Ground
N Rolled
As Rolled

Cold Drawn
A. Rolled
Cold Drawn

R.A.
(%)
(Z)

bod
Idb.

R...

"VA

TOM/lq In.

010
()-10
010
0'10

EI
(%)
(A)

P.s.

15'2
310

164

168
260

322
281
255
282

19
17 i
35
31

324

15

47

29

250
31-6

33
15

SO
39

SO
27

263
368
318

32
18
23

260
272
254

29
32
35

368
248
26-8

20
34
22

~
....
~
....

....

:;

Oq

VI
....
til

!!..

0'
.,
~

Q
,...

::r

:;
:;

O'Q

7
5

57

54

57
36

4
5

.......

m
:s

::s

co

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURE

(See also En 2)
Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

SI

Hn

Cu

Pb

Section
Sixe
dia.
(In.)

Heat
Treatment
C

Test
Temperature

005%
P.S.
(0'05R p)

0'1%
P.S.

0'2%
P.S.

(0'1~)

(002~)

Y.P.
0'5%
P.S.
(0'5Rpl (R.)

T.S.
(R m)

Tons,.q.in.

0-005

013

0'002

008

1'15

0-<400

0'020

o-m

.. .. .. .. .. ..

0-09

0-005

0'95

1-20

0'027

0052

0215

0-18

0'18

N.900

R.T.

-60

R.T.
- 63
-195

11

N.950

20
- 50
-196

N.900

16'0

16'1

16'1

-195

16'0

16'0

16'0

16'0

1601

16'2
20'0
537

16'2
22'1
55'"

18'"
20'0
50-8

198
27'5
<48'3

RoA.
(%)

EI
(%)

(Z)

(A)

..fA

50

..3
37

37
32

2....
285
<48'5

..5
39

28'9
32'2
508

"H
"H
7

Ref.

58
5

3Si
35
3

::l.

if

62

o
-..

....

:::r
C\I

6H
6S
8

;::;
Vi
:::r

6H
5H
6

Ef

.,

CD

a.

l'T1
~

li'"V;

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

(See also En 2)
Chemical Composition (%)
C

5i

Mn

Pb

0-13

Tr

1-20

0'215

0'052

0-18

Cu
0'

18

I
1

Section Size
dia.
(in.)

11

I
I

Heat Treatment
C
N.950

11~C
I

SO

Charpy V Notch Impact. fdb

600C

"OOC

200C

l00C

52

61

30

20

-10C
15

-20C --40C
9

-wcl
2

Ref.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

(See also En 2)
Tensil.

Chemical Composition (%)

SI

Mn

Section
Size
di.
(in.)

T_
T.mperatur.
OC

Hut
Treatment
C

0-05%
P.S.

L.P.

(0'05~)

0'2%
P.S.
(0'2R p )

0'1%
P.S.
(O',RJ

0'5%
P.S.
(0'5~)

Y.P.
(R.,I

T.S.
(R m)

Tons/sq In.

0-08

0-09

0'01

0'01

1'15

0-95

0'400

0-221

0-020

0-027

R.T.
+300
+600

N.900

R.T.
+300
+600

N.900

8'8
..7

6'"
2'"

9..
5'1

5'0
3'0

186

9'8
5'5

9'"
5'1
10'0
5'5

11'0
61

10-2
59

116
67

170

2....
281
99
2"'8
29'6
10'7

..y'A
3..
33
59

.,
34
63

EI.(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

50

31
28
48

35
29

SO.

R.f.

(Z)

n.
..7
51

62
57

85.

...

;r

:::

.
..

til

~
:i"

Oq

VI

.,

(;\

....Q
:r

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN TORSION

:i"
:i"

(See also En 2)
Ch.mical Composition (%)

SI

Mn

Oq

Tensil.
Section
Heat
Size
Treatment
di
OC
(In.)

Y.P.
(R.,I

T.S.
(Rml

EI
(%)
(A)

TOIlS/sq.ln.

"yA
34

0-08

0'01

1-15

0-400 0'020

N.900

18'6 2....

0'09

0-01

0'95 0'221 0'027

N.900

17'0 2..8

Tonion

..,

R.A.
(%1

(Z)

Probable
.
Apperen
~t.'c Max Shear Max Shur
LImIt
Str...
Stress

EI

Ref.

T_/sq.ln.

50
31

47

10'4

27,0

20-1

:2

35

6H

10-6

30'5

22'9

:2

-0

m
:::J

m
::s

FATIGUE PROPERTIES
(See also En 2)
Endurance

Chemical Compooition

Seaion

('YO>

Size
dia.

Temperature

"C

(In.)

51

Mn

Pb

Cu

0013

Tr

1-20

0-215

0-051

0-18

0-18

11

Test

Heat
TreAtment

N.900

+
+

20
20

-60
-60

(5.. abo mechanical propertl.. at low temperature)

-180
-180

Zero mean Stress

Spedme..

Cycles

Condition

101
unnatched
notched
unnofChed

notchedunnotched

notched

I'

9
185
95
32'5
12,5

10

limit.

Ton./lqin.
Zero minimum

StrUS

Ref.

1.i1ur.. 1500 r /min

10

>10 7

10

10

>107

14
6
16'5
5'5
30'5
9'5

12'5
5
15'5
5'5
29
8'5

165
107
19
12'7
....5
19'5

21

11
7

77
24'5
97
40
16'7

21

8'5
39
""5

1
B

...~

~
Notell 3 mm deep, ..5OY included ancl 0'25 mm root ndiul. Kc = +3 (Neuber)

roo

:::r
B

.,

...~:::r
LIST OF REFERENCES

V\

roo
Q
:;,

g-

et
1.

Private correspondence with The United Steel Companies Limited.

2.

Private correspondence with Firth-Brown Limited.

3.

British Iron and Steel Research Association unpublished report.

4.

British Standard 971 Commentary on The British Standard Wrought Steels, En Series. British Standards
Institution London, 1950.

S.

Private correspondence With l'he Park Gate Iron and Steel Company Limited.

6.

E. Gregory, Notes on the influence of sulphur and phosphorus on the properties of steel. Metal
Treatment, 1943, Spring Issue, pp. 15-22.

7.

Private correspondence with The Round Oak Steel Works Limited.

8. War Office unpublished report.

9.

Correspondence with English Steel Co., limited.

1TI

...~
:;,

c;;-

En 2

COLD FORMING STEEL

SPECIFICATION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)
51

En2
En 2A
En2"'l
En 211
En 2C
En 20
En 2E

0'20 max
0'12
0'10
015
0'15-0,25
0'15-030
0'15 maX

Mn

0'~O-O'60

0'10-035

0060 max
0-050
0().40
0-050
0-050
0050
0-050

0060 max
0050
0040
0050
0050
0050
0-050

080 m'x
050
050
050

0'40-0'70
0'50 max

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

I
En2

EnlA
En lA/I
En 2B
En 2C
En 20

En 2E

Limltln, rulln, lectlon, In.

Tenlile "ren,th, Ton'/Iq_in. min (R m )
Elon,atlon. per cent. min (A)
Bend test III (lllO")

AI Rolled or
For.ed Condition

011 Quenched (II

Irom luOO"C

6
20
28
r -

It

Mechanical properel.. "lreed between purchuer and manufacturer

Llmltin, rulln, lectlon. In

Tenlile Itren,th, Tonl/lq.in. min (R m)
Elon.ation. per cent. min (A)
Hardne.. number max (8)

6
20
28
120 HB

-
160HB

Remark.
(1) Applicable only to ban rolled or for,ed to mInor .ectlonal dlmenalon nOt ,rllt.r than In. For furth.r Information ...
"Notes on the .Imp'e bend test"
(2) When Ip.clOed In the ord.r.
(3) For Inlormatlon pUrpote. only; not a contractual pare of the specification.

11

as 1639

En 2
12

PropertIes of the BrItIsh Standrad E.n steers

RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
UNITED KINGDOM

B.S.
Air

B.S.

En No.
10449
980
980
980
980
980
1603
16004
1717
1717
1717
1717
1717
1730

COS 1
COS 2
CEW 1
CEW 2
ERW 1
B
A
CDS 101
CDS 102
CEW 101
CEW 102

~n6

591

AMERICA
D.T.D.

S.A.E.

no

1012
1018

FRANCE

A.I.S.I. A.F.N.O.R.
C.l0n
C.l018

GERMANY
WERKSTOFF
No
1.0611

NAME

en

St35

SWEDEN
D.I.N.

U.S.S.R.

5.l.S.

G.O.S.T.

MARK

1.1311

380-60
380-60
380-60
9M3-60

MSt lkp
BSt 3kp
BSt 3kp
K5t lkp

{ 11200
2391
{ 2385
1626
17100
17100

1.0100

St3~

1.0112

St37

1.0301
1.0022
1.0226
1.0330

Cl0
StO
Stl
5tU

lnl0

sa

1624
1624

ln5 CEW 11

1627
19

2A

S511
5512

10449

1006
1008

2A/l 1449
1453 Al

2B

1010

1449

Clul 2
160 3A

S91

6~0

C.l010

C.l006
C.1008

C.1Od
XC. lor

XC.69

1009
1010
1012

C.l009
C.l010
C.l012

C.1Od
XC. lor

1.0330
1.0333
1.0334
1.0109
1.0209
1.0104
1.0333

1.0022

St3
St.
TUSt34
MUSt34
QSt34
Stl1

Stl0

162~

1624
1623

1050-60 OSkp

162~

17110
17110
17110
1623

1623

14.1311

380-60 MSt 2kp

9543-60 KSt 2kp
1050-60 10 kp

2C

10449
1627
1717 ERW 101
1717 ERW 15

1017
1020

C.l017
C.l0W

XC.1Bs

380-60 MSt 3
380-60 MSt 3kp
9n-58 20
1050-60 20
9543-60 KSt ~kp

20

10449
1627
1503-161 C

1013
1025

C.1013
C.l025

XC.1Bs

380-60 MSt.
380 -60 MSt ~kp
9M3-60 K5t.
1050-60 25

1009

C.l009

XC.10s

~7A

980
980
1717
1717
2E

CDS
CDS
COS
COS

5
6
103
104

1449
640 Clus 2
1603 A

591

1.0301
1.0401
1.~2

1.t151
1.0209
1.0419

Cl0
C15
cn
CKn
MR5tl4
MR5t+l

17210 14.1370
17210
17200 14.1311
17200
17110
17110

En 2
13

Cold Forming Steel

APPLICATIONS
A mild steel suitable for general use for lightly stressed parts and where cold work such as bending, riveting and deep
drawing operations may be necessary. It is also suitable for welding. e.g. typical uses are staybolts, shells for nonferrous bearings. cold hobbing steel for plastic moulds. pressings. welded and fabricated sections, frames, panelllna
En 2
En 2A/1j
En 2A
En 28
En 2E

General Engineering Construction.

For special applications involving more severe cold deformation.
For cold forming operations where a SIlicon-killed steel Is required because of lu forgeablllty and uniformity of properties throughout the section.

WELDING
(See Introduction for Key to symbols used In this table)

En
No.

2
2A
2A/l
2B
2C
20
2E

Weldin. Proceu
Description

Ordinary quality cold formin.

mold steel
Deep drawing mild steel
Extra deep dn,wina It1
-20' Ton steel
-26' Ton steel
'28' Ton steel
Cold formin. (fully killed) steel

Remarlca
M.A.

G.

I.G.

S.

F.

B.

a
a
a
a

a
a
a
a
a
a
a

a
a
a
a
a
a
a

c
a
a
a
c
c
a

a
a
a
a
a
a
a

h
h
h
h
h
h
h

a
a

M.A.: If thlteel I. required for

weldin I. thla .hould be Itated on
the order .0 that . .ulcable qualitY
may be supplied
The mechanlca' properties of all cold
drawn material ara adye_ly
affected by all weldinl proc_

Reproduced by kind permission of H.M.S.O

MACHINABILITY
This steel Is readily machinable by all processes. It is not so readily machinable as En 1 which has the addition ofsulphur
to render it more suitable for automatic machining operations.

En 2
14

Properties

of

the British Standard fn steels

HOT WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES

Forging, roiling and stamping

12S00 C Finish above 900C

Annealing

880-9S0C Furnace cool

Normalizing

880-9S0C Air cool

Sub-c:ritlcal annealing

630-7000 C Air cool

Hardening

900-9S00 C Water quench

Tempering

600~SOC

Carburlzlng

880-9S00 C

Refining after carburizing

880-9S00 C Water, Oil. or Air cool depending on section size

Hardening after carburizlng

760-7800 C Water quench

Air cool

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (d)
,
Proc... of
Manufacture

B.O.H. Rlmmlnc
B.O.H. Killed

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Si

Mn

0'06
008
013
0'15
0'15

001
008
0-20

0'38
031
0'61

0035 0017
00$0 0029

Ni
0'06
007
0'12

Heat Treatment
Cr

Mo

0'02
005
0'01

0'03
0'02

A.930
A.930

A.930
W.Q.930

S.G. at 2OC

7'871
70856
7'84
70884
70880

Ref.

..
3

4
5

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
(continued)

SPECIFIC HEAT (c)

Process of
Manufauur.

B.O.H. Rimming
B.O.H. Killed

Mean Specific Heat. Cal/, deg C

Chemical Compos'tion (%)

Heat Treatment

SI

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'06
008
0'13

0'01
008
0'20

0'38
031
0'61

0035
0050

0017
0'029

0'06
0'07
0'12

002
005
0'01

0'03
0'02

C
A.930
A.930

Chemical Composition (%)

C

008/013

20,0
100
C

20to
200
C

20.0
300
C

20to
400
C

20to
500
C

20to
600
C

20to
700
C

20to
800

20to
1000

Ref.

20to
900
C

0'114
0115
0'110

0'119
0119
0116

0'123
0'12.
0121

0'127
0128
0'125

0133
0133
0'130

0140
0140
0'136

0149
0148
01

0'160
0161
0156

0164
0'166
0'159

0164
0165
0'159

..

Specific Heat at stated temperatures. Cal/g deg C

Hut Treatment

Mn

0'3/0'6

0'05 max

004 max

-157

M Rolled

10'076

+20
C

93

208
C

316
C

427
C

0'102

0'112

0124

0'132

0148 0166

-129 -73
C
C
0081

0'090

538
C

649

704
C

732

760
C

771
C

802
C

830
C

0'190

0208

0296

0'650

0'255

0'203

0'226

849

Ref.

0'2831

33

~
..,

Heat Treatment

B.O.H. Rimmin.
B.O.H. Killed
B.O.H.

..

Si

0'06
008
009

001
008
Tr

0013

001

..

..

Ni

Cr

Mo

038
0'31
0'43

0035
0050
0'049

0017
0'029

Oon

0061
0'07

0'02
0'05

0'03
0'02

0'02

0002

Mn

..

...

..
..

C
A.930
A.930
MRolled
N.m
1..920

Mn

0008/0'13
o

003/0'6

0005 max

Extrapolated Value.

20to
100
C
12'2
12.

120

20.0
200

13'2
13'2

12'6

20.0
300
C
13-5
137
135
13'5
13'5
13'2

20to
800
C

20.0
900
C

20.0
1000
C

Ref.

20.0
700
C

147
148

151
151

148
149

12'9
12'6

13'5
13'2

20.0
400
C

20.0

20to

139
140

14-3
14'4
14'5
14-5
14'5
142

13-7

SOO

600

1.5

146

VI

!!..

37

10' X M.... Coefficient of Thermal Expansion/de. C

Chemical Composition (%)

C

O'tl

10" X Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion/deg C

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Q:

3
5'

MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION (a)

Process of
Manufacture

l;'

004 max

H_ Treatment -157to -129<0 -73to

+20
+20
+20
C
C
C

I ,. .

Rolled

9.8 0

100

1005

2Oto
93
C

11'8

208

2Oto
316
C

2Oco
427
C

2Oco
538
C

2Oco
649
C

2Oco
704
C

2Oco
732
C

2Oco
760
C

2Oco
771
C

2Oco
802
C

2Oto
830
C

2Oto
849
C

12'5

13'3

13"

145

148

149

14'8

14'7

14'6

lHI

134

12'8

2Oco

2Oco
899
C
12'41

Raf.

33
...&

VI

m
:::s
~

m
::I

~
......
0-

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (!?)

Chemical Composition ("/0)
P....... of
Manufacture

B.O.H. Rimminc
B.O.H. Killed

5i

Mn

0'06
0'08
0'13

0'01
0'08
0'20

038
0'31
0'61

NI

Cr

0035 0017 0055 0'022

0050 0029 0'07 0'045
0-11 0'01

Electrical Resistivity. microhm em

Heat
Treatment

Mo

'C

0'03
0'02

A.930
A.930

0
'C

20
'C

100
'C

200
'C

300
'C

.fOO
'C

SOO
'C

600
'C

700
'C

12'0
13'2
16'3

130
14'2
17'3

17'8
190
11'6

25-2
263
29'6

34'1
35'2
38'1

44'8
45'8
482

57'5
584
60'3

n'5
73'4
74'2

898
90'5
91'0

800
'C

900
'C

107'3 112'4
108'1 113'0
1100 115'9

1000
'C
116'0
116'5
1194

Ref.

..
3

"b

-i;:;

~.

...

~
:r

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (k)

fa

Chemical Composition (%)

P..-a of
Manufacture

51

B.O.H. Rlmminc
B.O.H. Killed

Tr
001
0'08

0'03
0'06
008

Mn

0'03$
0'05

Cr

NI

0-08
0'38
0'31

Heat
Treatment

0'017
0'029

002
0'055
007

Mo

0-022
0045

003
002

Thermal Conductivity. Cal/em

"C

0
'C

A.930
A.930

0'156
0'142

100
'C

200
'C

300
'C

.fOO
'C

SOO
'C

0'158
0'144
0'138

0139
0133
0118

0127
0'111
0'118

0'114
0'111
0'107

0'102
0098
0'096

.,

dec C

;:;

600
'C

700
'C

0090
0'086

0081
0'076

800
'C

900
'C

1000
'C

Oon

0'068

0065
0064

0066
0066

Ref.

;;;
:r
V\

S
~

6
3

..

~
.,Q..
",

...'"
~

fa
fa

Vi

Chemical Composition ("/0)

C

0'08/0'13

Mn

0'3/0'6

0'05 max 004 max

e Extrapolated Value.

Thermal Conductivity. Cal/em

Hat
Treatment

-157
"C

AI Rolled

dec C

-129
"C

-73
'C

+20

93

208

316

427

538

649

'C

704
'C

732

760

771

802

830

0'174 0'171

0'164

0'153

0'145

0131

0'119

0'107

0'094

0'083

0077

0074

o-on

0'071

0'069

0'067

"C

'C

'C

'C

'C

'C

'C

'C

'C

'C

'C

'C

849

'C

899

'C

Ref.

0066 0'0641 33

YOUNG'S MODULUS (E). SHEAR MODULUS (G) AND POISSON'S RATIO (a)

I Section

Ch.mk:aJ Compooltlon ('Yo)

C

SI

Mn

NI

Cr

009

0'21

0'22

009

006

0-13

019

0-45

0023 0'011

Size
diL
Mo I (In.)

-I

'C

OC

Static Dynamic

20
200
<400
600

13,300 13,500.1
12,600 12,700.
11,200 11,800.

24
14'

13,100
12,500
11,900
11,500
10,000

N.930

-1--1

N.9OO

371

482

013

0'68

0'17

0'20

o-n

0-15

o-lS

074

0-018 0025 0-061

0024 0-022

0'033 0-032

0014

029

005

-I

-I

004

Normalized

Rolled

A.8OO"C FC.

OQ.880 T.650.1 hr

I
Vib"t1on Method
Calculated Valu..
\ Ultrasonic Pull. M.thod
S allO Mechanical Properties at Low Temperature

Shear Modulul
Tonl/lq.ln.
IPol..~n'"1 Ref
RatiO

Tat
T.mp."tu,.

2604

017

Youn,'1 Modulus
Tonl/lq.ln.

Hat
Treatment

16
100
200
300
<400
500
RT

20

I
I

-60
-120
-148
-187
-198
18

-60

-120
-197
18

-60
-120
-196

13,250
12.soo
12,500
11,850
11,300
8,100

lM50
13,700
13,750
13,900
14,000
14,150
13,750
13,800
14,000
14,150
13,500
13,750
14.050
14,<400

Static Dynamicl

10,<400

5,180
4,950
4,730
4,500
4,000

5,310
5,220
5,000
4,910
4,820
4.280

13,650*

027
026

026 ;
027
0'25

- --

(It

--

S,300* 0'288

n
0
Ii:

:;-

OQ

11

V\

"'
!!..
~

I 10

I~

::s

::J

....
Q)

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

SI

Mn

Ni

Cr

Section
Size
di...
(in).

o-eM
0'"
009

0'14
023
Tr

014
045
0'43

0'032
0'017
0'eM9

0015
0010
0022

0'23
027

0'02
0'21

Ch.mlcal Composition ("10)

...

...

..
..

0'13
0'16
0'03

Tr
0,'"
Tr

048
0'62
008

006

Tr

010

..
.....

.
....

.
....

..

0'028
0'024

...

0025
0016

007
0'14
002

008

O'eM

003

.
...
.

...

4t slab

..
....t
..
t

o Values obtained for a magnetizing field of H .. 200 Oersted.

Heat
T....tm.nt
C

Ann.al.d

A. RolI.d
N.920
A.920 FC.
As Rolled
Normaliz.d
A.C.750
F.C.94O
A.C.750
F.C.750
A.C.94O
F.C.94O

Mqnetic InduCtion B (puu) for Mqnetizin. FI.ld of H (oersted) ...

Coercive
force

H ... 10

20

30

40

60

90

100

150

200

250

13800
11600
12500
13200
13400
12450
11300

15450
14150
14500
14800
15000
14600
13900

16150
15100
15600
15600
16100
15400
15000

16600
15700
16500
16100
16700
16000
15650

lnOO
16550
17300
16900
17700
16800
16550

17600
17100
17800
11400
18000
17400
lnOO

17950
17500
18100
17900
18200
17700
17400

18750
18350
18800
18600
18800
18300
18200

19300
19050
19300
19200
19200
19100
18800
19250
19380
19500
19090
19470
19420

--

--

19900
19800
19950
19650
19400

H c0
(oerst.d)
2'2

Remanlne.
R.f.
Bremo
(puu)
8750

--

1'35
070
130
0'80
1'45
105

7010
6050
11010
7750
10230
9270

,...
.....
....
....
..
5

1
n
~

~.

~
S.
n

.,D:I

;:;:

;;;.

V\

=:3

:}

a
rr,
=:3

'"@'
n

;;;-

En 2
Cold Form/ng Steel

19

TRANSFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS
ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION
Chemical Compo.ldon 1%)
C

51

Mn

0'06

001

0'43

0027 0012

Basic Electric Arc

McQuaid Ehn grain size 7 (ASTM)

--

Austenltlzlng temperature 913C

A V

800

v'"
-

bOO

//
SOO
M.& -

.v

""

/
/
-

MSO
MC/O

I--

f- -

,.

I--"

---

1-

~.~ ;5V
~

- -

f-

e. 400

-- f-- - f - - -

(Ref. 2)

. -

-- -

F +(

f--

f--

- -

- -

~-

I-T Diaqram

0-

JOO

e"ima,.d t.mp.rOhl l

200

100

Soc.

10

20

40 I

Min.

10

Duration cf iloth."nal

20401
Hr.
"oatmlnf

10

20 1

Day.

En 2
20

Properties of the British Standard En steels

HARDENABILITY
END QUENCH HARDENABILITY CURVE
Chemic. I Composition (%)
C

51

Mn

0'08

0'08

O'31

005

Ni

Cr

Mo

0029 0'07 0045

0'02

Basic Open Hearth.

Austenltizing temperature 9S0C

(Ref. 12)

I
200

ISO

~ "'-

1!
o

:z:

r--.. r-- I---

100

01

02 0')
4

b,o SO'b
8

07

10

08
12

bq ,. 0"1
14

Ib

,.)

',2

18

20

-4 ,- 5
22

I b 1'8 InchQ:~

24

2b

Sixtnnth$

Distance (rom quenched fnd of bar.

Fig. 2.2

HARDNESS TRAVERSE CURVE

Water Quenched from 9S0C
(Ref. 12)
~d;a.

51

Mn

0'08

0-08

0'31

0'05

P
0029

Nl

Cr

Mo

,I~dla.

200

Chemical Compo.idon (%)

->:z:

If

/I

007 0-045 002

\.

ISO

Basic Open Hearth.

100

~d;a.

I-S

"-

1-0

I~~
_.. -

os

0-0

2Jdia

l./V

O'S

1'0

Diltanco from conr .. of bar (I~

Fig. 2.3

I-S

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

T.nsil.

Ch.mlcal Composition ("/0)

Proc-s of
Manufacture

ASTH
Grain
Size

Section
C

SI

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Size

Heat T....tm.nt

dia.
(in.)

.. ... ... ... ... ... ....

0'09
0'09
009

B.O.H.

0'02

009

010

0'10

0'34

010

0'19

0'15

McQuaid
Ehn
1-8

...
..

..
...
.

B.E.

B.E.

0033

0031

007 008

...
.
...
..
..

0'11

0015

0'11

0'05

....
....
..
...

on

0'11

0'11
0'11

003

0'19
010

....
....

0'40
0'31

....

Ii

...

Ii

Ii

...

Ii

0-10

061

0'021

0'018

0'16

0-11
0-11

0'24
0'18

051
0'61

0019 0'020
0011 0'016

0'16
006

0'C8
Tr

0'13

017

056

0007

0-11

006

0'013

170
18'0
12'5

N.900
N.900 FC.750
WQ.900

169
15'5
10'0
19'0
150

AI Rolled
AI Rolled
N.900
N.900 FC.750
WQ.900
N.910

1
1,\

0-11

EI
(%)

R.A.
(%)

238
12'8
18'3

41
42
37i

741
75+
75+

14'6
25'8
16'1

39
4H
40

(A)

N.910
N.910
AI Rolled

3xi
1 isq

0-16

T.S.
(Rm)

Izoe!
ft. lb.

R.I.

(Z)

....

13

--

..

14

15

--

0-03S 0'012

1.
1.

030

0'10

B.E.

0'37
0'35
0'45

0027 0005

.. . ..
.. .... .. ... .... .. ....

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.E.
B.E.
B.E.

B.O.H. Killed

001

Y.P.
(Rs)

Tons'sq.in.

"C

0'05

0-1%
0-1%
o-S%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O'lR p) (0'5Rp> (0'5Rp>

25'1
24'7
18'1
17'0
31-3
173

431
39
40i
4"
37
3Si

74

93

70
70 i

..
..

13

..

7"

14

--

... ....

..

N.900
N.900

N.900

.,til

3
::i'
OQ

...

VI
~

...

4hr 910 F.C.OQ.900WQ.780

OQ.900WQ.780
AI Rolled
AI Rolled
N.910
75OF.C.
N.900WQ.780
N.900WQ.780
N.900WQ.780
N.910

n
o
Ci:

39'1
259
237
161
11-1
198
16'2
314
258
11'1
190

181
16'6

18'9

54'1
409
366
38'8
17'6
17'0
17'1
250
41'8
35-3
31'9
18'9

19'6
17'9

19'3

25i
30i
35
35
39

1"

50
61
70

15
54
63
108

....
..
....

15
6

4"

70
70
74
5l'
70
68
65i

39
40

69
70

64
B9

S
16

70i

86

-s

39i
431
18
3H
31 i

39

91
91
B9
41
91

99

!!..

....
.

--

....,

.-..

m:
~

m
::s
~
~

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process of
Manufacture

A.O.H.

.....
....
..

ASTM
Grain
Size
McQuaid
Ehn 7-8

A.O.H.

B.O.H.

SI

Mn

Ni

Cr

013
0-13
013

0'15

032
0'45
0'41

0-03

0038

014

0'06

....
..

.....
...
. .
..
..... .....
.. ...

H.F.

McQuaid
Ehn 1-5

..

..
..

0015 0'036

074

...
...

0113

0'64

0'043 0'016

014

0'19

0'68

004

...

.....
..

0'07

...
....
...

0-10

Mo

..
....
.

..
..
..

0'08

..
..

..
..

1.

...
..
...

....
..
.

WQ.9OO

0'06
0'01
0'11

0'30
0'57
0'68

016
0'16

004

0'67
0'75

0'17
0'17
0'17

0'23
0'13
0'13

0'64 0040 0-020

0'69 0'018 0'015
0'68 0033 0'013

T300
T400
T500
T600

OQ.9OO
N.9OO
4 hr.910 F.C.WQ.9OO WQ.780
As Rolled

....
...
...
...
.

...
..
..

0'034 0'018
0'024

. . .. . .. .. .. ..
006 0'014
003 0'03

003

noo

noo

T400
T500

noo

OQ.9OOWQ780
WQ780
N.9OO
N.917
N.9OO
N.1000
N.1100
WQ.9OO T680

1i

OQ.9OO WQ.780
As Rolled

6
1

As Rolled

0-024 0'012

T200

T400
T500
T600
WQ.9OO

1.

Normalized
N.9OO
A.9OO

Y.P.

T.S.

(Rs)

(R m)

EI
(%)
(A)

19'7
18.6
18
15
15
16
16
14
13
125
262

281
28.5
28
34
34
34
33
31
315
310
39'8
264

41
41
40
36
35
36
37
40
35
37
34
36

311
192
17'6
28'7
19'1
165
15
15
15
13
24

48'5
47'9
46'5
43'1
41'8
37'2
34
33
33
33
31

16 i
15
15
19
19
15
33
37
35
36
37

34
40
41
39
40
45
70
71
70
70
73

104
109
106
107
104

19

151
170

388
36'8

36
18

68
50

109
66

15'2
20'5
19'0
18'8
16'1

214
26'3
296
290
290
326

45
30
40i
3Si
39
31

73t
66
68i
6st
69
76

81
41

5
20
21

444
28'3

31i
36

57

47

15'1

69i

6
12

16'8
189
14'0..

298
285
18'9
267

34
43i
40
37

68
66
61

Tons/sq. In.

OQ.890

1i
1i

0'15
0'15
0'15

0-1%
05%
0'2%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'1 Rp) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

N.9OO

0'045

0'70
0'67

0'14
014

Heat Treatment

t
1i
1i

0'44

... ... ...

. .. .

..
...

B.H.F.

B.O.H.

.....
... ....
.
... ..
.... .....
..
...
..
...
..

0'13

..
..

A.O.H.

006

0-13

0'14

McQuaid
Ehn 1-1

Tensile
Section
Size
dia.
(in.)

140

18'6

20'7

13'8

R.A.
(%)

Izod
ft. lb.

Ref.

(Z)

67

67
71
71
71

74
69
70
66

91
92
103
104
104
105
105
97
93
90

13
6
17

.....
....

6
6
15

....
....

18

CharpyV
118
25

..
...
..

..
..

15
9
13

I::Itl>

So
tl>
OJ

;;

;;;

::r
V\

a.

I'Y'1
~

['"
III

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition ("/.,)
Procesl of
Manufactur.

ASTM
Grain
Size

Tendl.
Section

Size

Si

Mn

Nl

C,

Mo

dia.

Heat Treatment

(in.)

05%
01% 02%
p S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'1R p) (02R p) (OSR p)

Y.P.

T.S.

(R.)

(R m )

Tons/sq.in.

B.O.H.
B.O.H.

0'18
018
McQuaid
Ehn 6-8

..

B.O.H.

...
....
.....

...
...
..
..
.

019

020
021

...
...
..
..

0'19

057
062

....
....
..
..

0'48

0033 0017
0048 0017

..

......
...
.
...

0022 0012

..
...
..
.
. .

019

006

067

0042 0022

B.O.H.
B.O.H. (killed)
B.O.H.

020
0020
0020
020

003
0016
020
023

0'74
050
0'52
020

0004
0034
0031
0045

B.O.H.(capped)
A.O.H.
A.O.H.
B.O.H.

021
021

004
0'14

045
0'43

0037 0'016
0'022 0034

0'21

0022
B.O.H. frimmed)

00020
0'011
0020
002

4
7
1

1
2(M)
4(M)

1
2
4

,.

..

293
298

H
30

A.871 F.C.
N.m

19'1
224
224
20'6
208
321
24'1
195
19'3

2S5
288
28'6
28'3
268
57'6
397
337
31-B
304
30'2

36+
39i
36
3Si
36

"

1"
23
3,.
33
33
32

29i
64
68
67i

320
28'3
303
32'8

35
41
33
31

29'0
29'9
34
32'0

41
39
3'*
30

57
64

208

272

36

61

173

288

43

56

....
..

...

BC.910 8 hr. WQ.780 naG

..

N Rolled
N Rolled
N Rolled

..

.. .. . .. ..
023

0'26

0'046 0015

U
5

N.850
OQ.850 T577
N Rolled

0'21

0'6)

0029 00016

0038

0'035 0010

0025

17'2
184

Rolled

17'5
21-0

17'2

Izod
ft. lb.

Ref.

26
lS

176

N Rolled

(A)

R.A.
(%)
(Z)

N Rolled

1i

3
4

EI
(%)

-69
68
6Si

"*

80
91
87
83
84
40

80
98
96

.....
....
....
..

20

..

15

--

n
o

a::

.,til
3

:;-

!Xl

V'I
....
B

!!..

15
7
26
15

57

--

"

7
13

..

15

Charpy
V 32

-20

-7

t-.)
IN

:s

En 2
Properties

24

of

the British Standard E.n steels

EFFECT OF COLD WORK

Chemical Com position (%)

Tensile
Size
dia
(in.)

ASTM

Grain

Size

7. lome 5

Mn

SI

.
..
...

0'12

......
.

0053

.. .. ...

.....
.

0'74 0'<42

0<42

1-318

. .
.. .

...

02%
01%
05%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'1 Rp ) (02R p) (OSR p )

Heat

Treatment

As Rolled
Normalized
N.+ 6%C.0.
N.+10%C.0.
N.+20%C.0.

25-<4
287

(Rsl (Rml

150
162
26'1
29)
34'1

260
292
33-6

32'5

T.S.

EI

Izod
ft. lb.

%
<4jIA
50

Ref.

Tons/sq.in.

Y.P.

262
26'4
295
309

35'2

<41
<42
29
24
16

33
35

83
78
73

17
12+

58

38

37

EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON U" DIA. BAR

(Ref. 17)
IJO

80
Reduction

70

.. bO

I10

go

Chemical Composition (%)

I20

Izod

l!

SI

Mn

NI

Cr

0'13

006

0<41

0'025

0036

020

008

50

40

Elonqo~

Water Quenched from 900C

QO

TUlile
Ilrenqrh

------

30

80

Yield
Ilrenqrh

20

100

200

300

400

7o
bOO

SOO

Te/llPonnQ romperotu,"'C
FI,.2.4

50

...

....

,!!
-'

Chemical Composition flo)

SI

Mn

0'14

0'19

068

004

0045

Oil Quenched from 890'C

f
.t

0;
u

40

~
30

---

.~
~

~ 20

10

100

-- ---- ------

- -----200

JOO

FI,.2.5

400

(Ref. 18)

Rlduclion

T~

strlnqth

Elonqotion

-;;:-tu~u.

limit

~OO

bOO

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)
Process of
Manufacture

51

Mn

NI

Tensile

Cr

Mo

...
...
.

008

&.E.

. .. .. . .. .. ..
...

(loll

0'16

0'53

0009 0009

0'10

Section
Size
dia.
(in.)

tf

..

N.900

0'13

.. ... ...

A.a.H. Fine Grain

..
..

017

on

(lo15

0'07

....

060

N.900

O'SO

N.900.

074

083

0033 oon

0053

0031

.....
..

..
..
..
..
..

..
..

..

..
..
..
...
..
..
..
....

005

....

0()04

..
....
..
..
...
... ....
.. ..

..
..
..
..
..

...
..
....
..
1

R.A.
(%)

31

....
52

42'4
489
51'8

39
17
3

28'5
346

....

14'4

29'6

291

30'2

36'0

3H

542

26t

359
404
46'4
200
260

20'0
26'0

R.T.
-78

30

36

33

70

..
..
...
.
....
.
....

21'8
25'8
32'6
397
55'8
60'2
170
n'5
30'8
54'5
241
30'4
37'3
59'2

21'8
278
340
40'3
564
59..
166
n7
29'8
51-!>
25'3
305
388
602

30
46
49
51
311
355
405
423
52'8
56'4
28'1
32'6
37'1
SO8
34'7
394
450
62'1

32
35
7
4
37
41i
401
401
32
291
391
42
4H
6
30t
36
3et
121

67
58
5
1
68
66
66
6H
56
48
6H
62
5st
6t

N.900

20
- 50
-120
-150
-196

19'8
n'8
322
38'0
542

19'3
nl
318
37'8
55'0

32-3
360
42'3
455
580

30
31
32
28
21

FC.800

OQ.800T.650 lhr

....
..

..

no
263
320
379
494
539
160
201
27'6
480
24'6
28'2
35'6
570
19'2
no
31'1
362
538

19'9
23'0
320
518

CharpyV
137
5
Izod
81
65
41
21
2

23
37

48
21'0
25'4
31'6
36'5
48'4
530
157
192
26'4
478
23'7
274
353
56'4

40

71l
681

R.T.
-162
-184
-196
20
-60
-120
-148
-187
-198
18
-60
-120
-197
18
-60
-119
-196

....

29'0

43

24'0

MRoUed

;d
ft. lb.

Ref.

(Z)

R.T.
--40
-70

..

029

EI

(%)
(A)

-180

(lo15

(lo15

304

-90

...
...
...
.
.
.. .... .. .. ...
.
... ... ...
..
....
.. .. ...
..
... ... ...
..
....
.... .... ...
..
.. .... ...
..
..
. . .
..... ... ...... ..... ......
. .. .. .. ..
..
..

0'14

T.5.
(Rm )

n.3

R.T.
0
--40
45

....

Y.P.
(R I )

Tons/sq.in.

C
R.T.
-32
-46
-162
-184
-196

..

009

Heat Treatment

'1'01% 0'1%
0'5%
0'2%
Tel
P.5.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
Temperature
(O'OIR p) (O"R p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

73

71i
69
101
60
58
51

....
23

CharpyV
67
25
6

..
..

24

....
.
--..
5

---

....

24

....
..

---

...

..

...
....

l;'

Q:

;;r

:;-

...

Oq

VI

10&36

..
......
..
..
....

...
.
......
..

10

""

VI

m
:::I

En 2
26

Properties

of

the British Standard En steels

EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 1" DIAMETER BAR.

(Ref. 10)
70

Reduction of oreO

/'

b0

I--

h
Il

50
~

.;;

As Rolled
Chemical Composition (%)

51

0,15 0'15

Mn

07-4

Ni

0'033 0032 0'29

II' ~

C.

0'05

40

..
c

Mo

00-4

30

~
~~-r--

~~----

V~

O'~% Proof llrau

--r-~

EI. '901" _ Ih

It,

~ ~,tu
'yit'd

J1rtlss

r-=

10

-200 -180 -IbO -140 -120 -100 -80 -bO --40 -20
Tcrmp.ratyr. C

FiC.2.6

(Ref. 10)
70..-...,-.....,..-"T"-.,.--,......~--.---r--r-.....,-....

bO 1---1--+--+--+-:7""F---+-+-+--+---1-~

..

Annealed 88OC F.C.

S.
R

Chemical Composition (%)

51

Mn

Ni

C.

Mo

0-15

0,15

07-4

0033

0032

029

0,05

00-4

40

.e

30

.s.r

VI

"":::-c

,g 20

OL-......L._...L...........I._....L----I_-L...--:-L.--L.--::":-......L.---J
-200-180 -lbO -140 -120 -100 -80

Temporatur.oC

Fif2.7

-bO -40 -20

En 2
27

Cold Forming Steel

(Ref. 10)
80

70

bO

...

Chemical Composition (%)

Si

Mn

0'15

O'IS

074

0033

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'032

0'29

0'05

0'04

~ ~ fL

50

I'--. '-....

/~ ~

.;

rc

.. 40

Oil Quenched 8800C Tempered 1hr 640"C

20

-- -

/1/

/
/

,..-

.............

r--

I--

~~

05 % Proo

R.duc ~on of or.o

-~

r---~
01% Proof " .."

.......

.Ir."

............

t::-I-..
Yield

10
-200 -180 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -bO -40

-20

str.~

-0

Temf)Qrotur. 0(.

FiC 2.8

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATU RE DATA

C.harpy Keyhole Impact, ft. lb.

Chemical Composition (%)

Proc... of
Manufacture

B.O.H.

ASTM
Grain
Size

0-3

007

Heat Treatment
5i

Mn

AI

.. .. .. .. ..
001

C)045

0'02

0'006

Teet Temperature C

009
009

B.O.H.

Coane
crain

0-10

B.O.H.

Fine
crain

0-10

5-8

0'15

a.... Killed

003
004

037 0025 0-032

0-51 0-012 001

. .. .. .. ..

..

B.E.

(AI. truted)

0'20

0'40 0031 0-08

-30

-SO -70 -SO

+20

40
21

4
5

4
4

N.900

3
3

WQ.870
As Rolled
WQ.890 T.700

29-5
47
59

24

21
63

+4

-2

As Rolled

26

As Rolled

47

42

35

N.m

49

42

35

As Rolled

A.O.H.
(d~dized Mn " 5i)

-20

36

Ref.

..

18

12

21

15

35

21

15

,.

m
~

~
t-.J
CO

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

(continued)
Tensile

Chemical Compos;cion (%)

:Proceso of
Manufacture

ASTM
Grain
Site

Mn

SI

Section
Site
dia.
(in.)

AI

NI

Heat
Treatment

Rimmed

B.O.H.

0'14

B.O.H.
eml killed

...
...
...

B.O.H.

...
...

B.H.F.

... ,
...
.

6-7

...
..
.....
..
.

015

015

....
.

B.O.H.

..

. .
.. ..
... ...
.... ...
. ..
.... ...
... ....
.. ...
.... ...
. ..
... ...
.... ..

. . .. .
..
....
... ...
....
.... ....
..
..... ..... ..... ....
.... ... ... ...
......

001 045 0'031 0'02

019 055

0'22

ASTM
Grain
Site

0'07

0019

.
..... ..
.. ..

'

19'0 27'0
14'3 138

...
..

N.875
N.l000
N.l050
N.lloo
N.895 T674
As Rolled
N.875
N.l000
N.l050
N.l1oo
WQ.900T674
N.900
20'1
N.l000
20'1
N.l1oo
17'9
WQ.900T680 22'5

...
....

...
...

0033

Mn
:

..

Ni

Cr

Mo

.. . .. .. . . .. . ..
. .. .
.. .. .. .. ..

H.F.

1-6

0-19

0'12 .0'27 0'034 0012

H.F.

2-5

0'17

0'13

068
;,

0033 0'013

Test Temperature C

0'04

0'03

003

0'03

0'03

003

27'8
277
284
30'4

DC
N.900
A.900
N.900
A.900

+10

-20

-30

57
217

20'5
22'0

4
8

120+
120+

+20

44
40i

70
70

40i
41
37
40i

98
105
103
101
74
204
120+
120+
120+
120+
120+
200

118
96
70
44

120+
120+
120+
116

69
71
65i
79

115
12

6
40
8
16
8

68
109
70
48

24

110

Y.P.
(Rs>

T.S.
(R m)

Tons/sq.in.
16'4
13'7
18'9
140

27'9
25'7
28'9
37

EI

R.A.

(Z)

(A)
39
37
40
37

66

61

-50

4
8

81
4

Ref.

-80

-70

-60

119
114
43

8
120
116
104
9

-90 -120

..

- -

21

35

..

-2

...
....
....
...
- - ...
- - .
- - ...
- - - - ..
- - - - - - ..
....
.. - - ..
- 86
9

14
7

119
10
3S

6
3
2
2
35
3
17
4
3
120+ 115

21
60

96
84
21
120+

35

2
2
2
14

8
3
5
3

183

80

4
10

21

2
4
3

8
4

Charpy V Notch Impact, ft. lb.

Test Tempenture

61
56

-40

- 4 - - - 29 - --- -- - -- - - 130 - 5
11
-

120+ 120+
120+ 120+
12
101
46
21

]9
120+ 120+ 119
120+ 11]
111
119 120+ 107
90
46
28

N.875
N.l000
N.1050
N.lloo

Heat Treatment
Si

(Z)

As Rolled

Chemical Composition (%)

C

(A)

(%) (%)

As Rolled

00+4

058 004] 0'02

R.A.

N.927
N.927 WQ.927
T6n
N.900
N.l000

001

071 0'029 0010 0'02 0025

0'10 0-69

0'09

..

0'02 0008 1 f .q.

015 '0,07 0'56 004 0024

..
..
...

Proc_ of
Manufacture

.
..
...
.

0-08

Charpy V Notch Impact. ft. lb.

EI

Tons/sq.in.

CO

McQuaid
Ehn
2-3

Y.P. T.S.
(Rs ) (R m)

100

70

92

80

52

92

60

40

20

75
38

70
22

65
10
120
20

20

85

60

112

DC

Ref.
-20

-40

60

20

-60

..

23

23

1
~

if
o

"""'"
SOl

.,OJ
;:;

<;;
::r

If
:::3

~
.,Q.
I'T1

:::3

....
'"Ol
Ol

c;;

En 2
29

Cold Forming Steel

IMPACT TRANSITION CURVES FOR 3" DIAMETER NORMALIZED BAR
(Ref. 34)

ff !

100

I I
/ /
I
:/

Chemical Composition (%)

SI

007

0'20

Mn

80

0'20 0010 0013

70

::

Yield Strength (R s ) 14
Tons/sq. in.
Tensile Strength (R m ) 2S
Tons/sq. in.
Elongation (A) 32%

bO

so

f..

.E

40 A a Izod
8 , Charpy
Me"""!",,
C , CharDl Vee
30

'/
JAV

20
10

O'I.-..o=.-....I.--

-bO

180

IbO

--J

-20

20

bO

100

-00

-20

Standard r.u piec.s

(10 mm X 10mm)
20

Tempera'ure C

fl 2.9

fl. 2.10

be

100

bO

100

Aa Izod
8 a Charpy Manaqer
C' Charpy Vee

140

100

Si

Mn

0'10

014

0'43

Yield Strength (R s) 17
Tons/sq. In.

100

,e

Tensile Strength (R m) 26
Tons/sq. in.

80
!
Z!

Elongation (A) 41%

bO

A
8

'10
0015 O'Oll

Izod
Charpy Munaqu
Char V

80

120

..........-:::

Tempera'ureoC.

Chemical Composition t%)

......

'; /

v"

1.

::

70
be
SO

.... 40

.::

:?

....

40

30
20

20
10
0

-bO

-20

20
Temperature

flc.

2.11.

be

100

-too

-'20

20
remperotur. C.

Fl 2.12.

En 2
Properties of the 8rlt/sh Standard En steels

30

IMPACT TRANSITION CURVES FOR 3" DIAMETER NORMALIZED BAR

(continued)
(Ref. 34)
1&0 A
B

140

100r-.A:--:--~---"T'"""--..."..---

110

Chorpy MlInoqtr
Chorpy V.-

Mn

0'15

0'45

0'014

P
0015

...

..
.B

80

Tensile Strength (R m) 29
Tons/sq. In.
Elongation (A) 30%

40

SOf---+---I+-J~:--~---1

t~

401----+----,1-h'-----,~--~
JO'I---+-+-H----j'--+----l
20I---+--jL..f--f-+--+----l
101---+-If--f+---+----l

20

OL-""'::::;...L_ _...J-_ _..l-_....J

-b0

! 701----+---++--1-+--1---1
=
i
!!

Yield Strength (Rs) 22

Tons/sq. In.

!
" bO
~
.;:.
S

eOI----+----f-+-----+--1

" bOI----+----tf-+-+f---I

100

Ii

Slondord las I piecll

QOmm 110m,,>

Chemical Composition (%)

Slondord la.1 piaca.

GOmm I 10mm)

120

...

'lot-C=--~;:;LJ't---"=.=..._-+--j.-+--I-+---l

-20

'20
+bO
Temperoture c
Fie2.U.

'100

O_l:-bO':'"'"-"""'~......::;;..--JL....--...L---.J
-20
20
bO
100
Tamperolur, c
Fie. 2.14.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

T.nsil.

Ch.mical CompOSition (%)

Proc... or
Manulactura

..
.....
.

B.E.

..
..

B.E.

..
...

A.O.H.

...

....
..
..
..

....
.
..

0'10

..
..

..
..
..

0'11

..
..
..

014

..
...

..
..

017

..
..
....

SI

...
...

0'15

..
..

...
.

0'20

....
..
...

002

..
..
..

..
..
..
.....

013

..
.

..
......

013

023

..

Mn

....
..

0'45

..
..

....

0'61

..
..
...
..
....

0'56

.....
.....
.....

0'69

....
....

0,010

..

....
.

...
.

0021

0'048

NI

Cr

..
..

0'028

..
....

0'018

..

1i

..
..
..

..
..

0'16

..

0'018

0'034

Hat
T....tm.nt

Test
T.mperature

....
.....
..

20
300
350
400
450
500
550

N.900

..

0'0<10

..
..

0'06

....
..
..
....
.
..
.

...
...
..
.
..
..

00<12

..

0014

...

...
.....
..

...

..
..
...
..
...

.
..

1i

T.S.

(R s)

(R m)

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)
(Z)

Ref.

238
29'4
26'1
ll'l
177
14'4
109

41t
30t
34t
39
44!

71t
61t
67

13

76
81

53!

86

..
..
..

Tons/sq.in.
142
5,0
40
30
26
2'2
18

153
7,0
62
5,0
3'8
36
2,8

158
8'2
77
70
6'6
58
""0

48

--

189
145
140
85

190
183
175
139

289
30-8
365
332

41t
29
ll!
35

65i
60
55
65

.....
..
...

15
100
200
300
400
500

178
158
149
131
7'8

17'9
177
173
155
12-9

27'2
28'1
300
32'5
25'2
20'0
12'5
68
"',0
2,0

38
34t
27
23
3H
38
48
56
65
75

61
60
58
56
68!
73

28'5
30'5
35'6
37'6
37,3
34,3
327
27'3
255
19''''
9'9
4'7

"'3!
2H
24t
24
28
37!
37
<10
43
"'3
65
83!

68
63
52
51
52!
59
61
69
71 !

..
..
..

..
..

Y.P.

15
200
300
400

N.nO

0025

LP.

0,05% 0'2%
0.5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p) (0'2Rpl (0'5R p)

..
..
..

N.nO

..
..

0'79

Section
Size
di&.
(in.)

....
....
.....
...

Normalized

...

N.890

600

700
800
900
16
100
150
200
255
300
350
400
450
500
615
70<1
300
600

168
185
193
17'1

160
182
189
13,5
120
8'6
7'0
65

50
24

107
3-35

139
6,4

143
76

143
8'3

328
124

4YA

3H
6H

86

93
96
98

73

93!
96

50
27
4H

58
8S!

..
...
....

..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..

b'
Ci:

.,ci'
3
:;

Oq

VI

..
..
..
....
..
..
..
...

..

w
.....

m
~

m
~

~
w

HIGH TEMPERATURE IMPACT TESTS

IV

Section

Chemical Composition (%)

Size

dia.

5i

0,17

..

0-13

0'69

..

016

0,27

0'58

Mn

Cr

(in.)

..

Ni

0018

0025

0'061

0014

0040

0036

0'11

0'06

Heat
Treatment
C

..

Normalized

N.920

Charpy Impact. ft. lb.

Test
Temperature
C

V Notch
Keyhole Notch

18
19'5

V Notch

18

50

75
41

132

150

100

133
51

200

250

300

117

90

100

350

.fOIl

106

450

500

Ref.

550

61

93

76

92

57

35

5
"tJ

(Ref. 10)
&0.

i i i

I i i

.qO

i::t

I'D

'"

~
501

So
tI>

leo

.,

M:
::r

;;;

SHORT TIME HIGH TEMPERATURE TENSILE TESTS

I . 170

~
~

IbO

Mn

0'15

0'28

045

l' dia bars annealed 840C.

;:,

a.
~

...'"

Composition (%)
5i

Cl

ITI
;:,

Chemical

tI>
tI>

<;;

I"\.\: I

III'
7,

Iso"cr

..

~
~

~
co _

r===--;z..

500
rcmporoturc C

Fi,.2.15

II "...

bOO

700

140

eoo

En 2
Cold Forming Steel
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE
(continued)
CREEP PROPERTIES
Stress (Tons/sq.ln.) to elve stated

Chemical Composition (%)

SI

0'08/0'23 035 max

Mn

05 min

005 max

total plucic It rain in various tim

Time
hr

005 max

Strain

300

(Test results are only typical of this class of steel)

1.000

J.OOO

10.000

30.000

100.000

01
02
05
0'1
02
03
0.5
1'0
0'1
02
03
0'5
1'0
0'1
0'2
03
05
10
0'1
02
03
05
1'0
0'1
02
0'3
0.3
1.0

Ref.

Test Temperature.C

(%)

..50

..75

5'3.

"'8
51
5'"
"'7
"'9.
51
53
5'"

5'2.

58

.. 7
..9
50
5'1
5'15
"'35
"'5
...6

(H)

(2-5)

(22.)

(1-65)

(H)
(28)

(H)
(1'7 7)

(1-9)
(2'0)
(1-2.)
(1'3)
(1'3.>

(29.)
.(30,)
(H)

(21)
(2'1.)
(2'2.)

(H)
(H)

(5'0)
(5'1)

2-8

39
..0
"'1
(3'1)
(3'2.)
(3-4)
(3.6)

3'5
3'8.
"'1.
3'0.
303
3'5.
3'6.
3'7.
2'5.
27
29
2'9.
30,
(20.)
(2'1 , )
(2'2.)
(2.4)

"'7
3'7.
3'9.
..1
..25
"'3.
(303)
(3-5)

(H)
(H)
(H)

550

"'2
"'5.
"'8
3'9.
"'2
"'3.
..5
"'6
3..

.....

5'1
5..
5'6
57
5'8
50
53
55
5.6
57
"'8
5'0.
5'2.
5..5
5'5.

525

500

(3'8)

(H)

(1'5)

(2-3'>

30

3'1
3...
2'1 ,
2'"
26
27
28
1-7
1'8
1'9

2-0
2'1

(103)

(H)
(H,)

(1.5.)
(1-6)
(1'1)
(1'1,)
(1'18)
(1-2.)
(1'3)
(0'9,)
(10)
(1'0.)
(1'0.)
(1'1)

Fllurel In parenthe_ .... extrapol.ted.

Str...

Chemical Composition (%)

C

51

Mn

0'08/0'20 O'25 max O'30/0' 80 006 max 0'045 max

(Test results are typical of this c1as. of steel)

015

028

0'46

002

0019

Strain

Time
hr

(%)

..27

..

Tons/.q.ln.

Ten Temperature. C

482

S38

593

649

704

10.000
100,000

100

85
58

..9
303

2'2
1-6

08
0..

0'"
0'1

0'2
005

1,000
10,000

Rupture

11'5
9..

35
6'2

5'2
3'0

2,7
1-6

1-2
0'7

0'6
0..

1,000
1,000
100,000

001
0'10
Rupture

571
75..

121
2-55

038
081

013
028
0'27

,.

826
11-96

Ref.
760

..

31

...

-- -------- ---1'25

..

32
0'18

008

..

m
::I

~
w

..".

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN TORSION

Tensile

Chemical ComPOOitio" ('Yo)

Section
Size

SI

Hn

NI

Cr

Ho

AI

dia.
(in.)

Heat Trutmenc
C

0-10
0'10
012
0'15
0-16

0'18
0'06
0'04

0'61
0'30
0'75

0'012 0'016
0-034 0018
0'024 0012

0'06

f
f

Tr

H
I

... .... ... .... ... .... ..

... .. .... .. .. ... ...
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .....

0'17

0-13

068

0018 0'025

0'06

..
...
....
.
1

0'01

. .. . .. .. . .

.
..
.... ....
. .
..
..

0'15

0'15

..
...

....
....
. ..

0'7-4

...
....

0033 0'032

..
....

0-29

....
....

0'05

..
...

0'04

....
....

0005

.....
...

Test

Tempera-

ture

..

A.880 1 hr F.C.

....
.

T.S.

<Rs)

(Rm )

12'5
140

16
100
150
200
300
400

500
600
700

+20
-120
-146
-170
-182
-196

Torsion

EI

('Yo)

(A)

RA.
('Yo)
(Z)

bod
ft. lb.

LP.

160
18'2
18'9
13-5
8'6
6'5
5'0

196
17-4
166

152

168
185
193
171

16.0
265

-478

28'S
38'-4
27'9
21--4
28'3

285
305
35'6
376
3-4'3
27'3
19-4
99
-4'7

28.1
371

508

Appa.
Probable
Max
rent'Ma.

Y.P.

Shear

Stress

Tons/sq.ln.

~Rolled

...
....
.....
..

Y.P.

N.930
WQ.930
N.900
N.900

Normalized

LP.

Shear
Sere...

Ref.

.g

."

Tons/sq.in.

3S
23
-40
-45
36

-4H
2'*
2H
2-4
37i
-40
-43
65
8H

39
-4H

73*
"*

89
81

8'5

68
63
52
51
59

64
61
70

"

73
9H
96

6H

58*-

'*

--

--

126
12'5
12'7
11-3
7'7
6'5
3'5

13'7
16'0
117
7'6
11'6

13'7
13'5
13'1
13'1

7.6
202
24'4
30'2
32'0
358

239
29'1
245
20'9
227

24-4
24'5
25'1
24'6
255
22-4
170
9'0
3'7

21.1
27'1
309
31-6
353
353

31'9
38'8
32'7
279
31'9

til

::t

27

ii'

16
5
22

32'5
326
33'5
32'8
34'1
29-9
227
12'7
-4'9

....
....
...
....

28.1
36'1
412
421
47-0
-470

...
...
..

10

....

::r
til

.,tD

;:;

;;;-

::r

....

V\
Q

.,go
::J

Q.

I'T1

::J

'"~
til

;;;

FATIGUE PROPERTIES
Chemical Composition (%)
Proc_ of
Manufacture

$I

...
.... ....
..
...

0'14

..

a.E.

0'19

Mn

..

068

....

..

Tenlile

NI

Cr

.... ....

0'04

0045

..
..
..

......

Section
Si..
dia.
(in.)

0'16

053

0009 0-009

Heat
Treatment

.
0'10

..
..

R.T.

R.T.
-78

191
11-1

T400
T500
T600

Y.P.

(Ra)

T.S.
(R m)

Tons/sq.;n.

...
..

noo

N.900

,\

Ol%P.S.
(o-lR p)

15'6
14'1
18'6
19'5
11'1
13-5

T100

..

..

0-09

LP.

OC
OQ.890
OQ.890
OQ.890
OQ.890
OQ.890
OQ.890

. .. .. .. . .. ..

0'11

Te..
Temperature

31-1
191
17'6
187
191
16'5

10'0
16'0

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

(Z)

Rotatinl !lend
"Ii,Ue Limit
Tons/sq.in.
Plain

<48'5
479
46'5
43'1
418
37'1

16i
15
15
19
19
15

34
40
41
39
40
45

118
11-3
207
18'8
18'8
16'1

18'5
34'6

....

43

7"
68i

17'1
11'0

Revene Bend
Fati.",. Limit
Tons/sq. In.

Ref.

Notched

....
...

18

(5.. Fi,l'5)

7g e
14'5'

Neuber St.... Concentration Factor 30 55 ineluded anile V notch.

0040' deep. Root radiuIO-Ol'. Root diameter 031'
aO.H.

0-10

0-05

0-55

0021

0-016

As Rolled

10'7

17

43

70

~
Ci:

ci'

11

15'1

:;

oq

VI

:;
0'11

0'18

0'61

0'011 0-016

006

N.900

Tr

115

16'6

17'9

40

70

17-4

16

!!..

TORSIONAL FATIGUE
Chemical Compooilion (%)

51

Mn

NI

TORSION
Heat
Treatment

Cr

Y.P.

C
0'11

0'18

061

0-011 0016

006

Tr

N.900

Probable Max
Shear Str_

Tonlonal "ti,ue
Umit Tonl/sq_!n.

Ref.

Tonl/sq.in.
1 1107

145

16

9a

U1

m
~

:s

~
IN

0'

CORROSION FATIGUE
Rotuinl Bendinl Fatilue Streneth. TonIJsq.in.

Chemical Composition (%)

Section
Size

...
..
...
.

0-13

$1

...
....
..

0'24

Mn

....
...
....

..
....
..

NI

Cr

..

006

....
.....
.

0'58 0'053 0038 005

TNatment
in Air
Normalized
Withoullurface coati",
Hot lolvanized (30-6014)
Elect. Zinc 15-1014)
Elect. Cadmium (5-1014)
Tin Coatinl (5-2011)
Nickel Coa,inl (2011)
Nickel & Chromium coatine (2014 Ni)
& (0'2514-1-2514 Cr)

0'28 0010 0029

... .... .... ... .. .. ..

016

di..
(in.)

3000

003

...
3

13-7
11-6
13'7
13'7
13'1
13'7

r."'/min

In Top Wuer
(drip feed)

...
....
..

69 10(15x lOCrev)
13'1
13'7
12'5
12'2
11'3

15'0 11-9

I
lin 3% Sol, Wuer
(drip feed)

1650 rev/min
in Sea Wa,er

Reversed Axial Fotllue

limit Tons/sq.in.

in Air

2300 rev/min

-0

Ref.

in Sea Water

...

......
...
.

5'6(15 X lOCrev)
12'5
12'S
8'75
8'1
7'5

2B

...
..

8'75

.g

"'::l.
ii"
'"

....
::r

"'0:!.
....
c:;-

::r

....

V\
Q

:::J

O 15(0'29 X lOCrev)
010(097x 10'rev)
05 (23'9 X 100 rev)

013-3 012
08
48
06
66
84

(2'9x 100 rev)

(11'1 X 10"rev)
(10-6 X 10"rev)
(37'4 X lOCrev)
(41'7 X lOCrev)
(71'Ox 10"rev)

..

29

...

ct
IT!

:::J

....
'"
"'i;;
"'

En 2
Cold Forming Steel

37

LIST OF REFERENCES
1. E. Mauer, O.H. Wilms and H. Klessler, Effect of Phosphorus and various alloying elements on the temper brittleness and hot brittleness of structural steel
Stahl und Eisen, Vol 62, Jan 29., pp. 81-89; Feb 5., p.p
115-116,1942.
2. Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams. United
States Steel Corporation, 2nd printing, Pittsburgh
U.S.A. 1957.

3. Physical constants of some commercial steels at elevated

temperatures. Butterworths, London, 1953.
<4. P. R. Pal lister, Specific Heat and Resistivity of Mild Steel,
J. Iran Ie Steellnst., Vol. 185, April. pp. 475-482. 1957.
5. Private correspondence With Firth-Brown Ltd.
6. Private correspondence with United Steel Companies
Ltd.
7. C.J. Smlthells, Metals Reference Book, 2nd Edition,
Butterworths, London 1953.
8. F. Garofalo, P. R. Malenock and G. V. Smith, The Influence of Temperature on the Elastic Constants of some
Commercial Steels, Am. Soc. for Testing Materials,
Symposium, on the Determination of Elastic Constants June 25, 1952, ASTM special publication No.

129.

9. H. J. Tapsell and W. J. Clenshaw, Mechanical properties

of Armco Iron, 0'17% carbon Steel and 0'24%
carbon steel With special reference to creep, D.S.I.R.
Engineer Research Special Report No.1, H M.S.O.
London 1927. (Reproduced by kind permission of
H.M.S.O.).
10. War Office unpublished report.
11. Private correspondence With The National Physical
Laboratory.
12. British Iron and Steel Research Association unpublished
data.
13. Private Correspondence with Edgar Allen and Co.,
Limited.
14. British Standard 971, Commentary on British Standard
Wrought Steels En Series, British Standards Institution
London, 1950.
15. Private correspondence With The Park Gate Iron Ie
Steel Co., Limited.
16. H.J. Gough, Engineering steels under combined cyclic
and static stresses, Proc. Inst. Mech. Engrs, 1949. Vol.
160, No.4, pp. <417-+40.
17. Automobile Research Report No. 75, 1920.
18. F.G. Lea, The effect of low and high temperature on
materials. Proc. Inst. Mech. Engrs., Vol. 2. pp. 10531096. Dec., 1924.
19. L. Aitchison and W. I. Pumphrey, Engineering Steels
MacDonald and Evans London, 1953.
20. S. L. Hoyt, Metal Data, Reinhold, New York, 19S2.

21. C.A. Siebert and A. E. White, Literature survey on the

low temperature properties of metals, Office of Sci.,
Research and Development. Div. B. Nat., Defence
Research Comm 7 Vols., Dec. 9, 1941, (P. B. 19793).
Published in 1947 by J. W. Edwards.
22. C.E.Work and T. J. Dolan, The influence of temperature
and rate of strain on the properties of metals in torsion,
University of Illinois Engineering Experimental Station,
Bulletin Series No. 420, Nov. 1953.
23. W. Barr and A.J.K. Honeyman. Effect ofthe manganesel
carbon ratio on the brittle fracture of mild steel.
J. Iron & Steel Inst., 1947, Vol. 157. October, pp. 239-246.
24. D. H. Tantam, Engineering problems associated with
low temperature Engineering Materials and Design,
pp. 72-76. Feb. 1959
25. J. L. Everthart, How to select steels for low temperature
service. Materials and Methods. pp. 75-79. Jan. 1952
26. Private correspondence With The Round Oak Steel
Works Limited.
27. M. C. Fetzer, Torsional V. tensile properties of steels,
Steel, Vol. 118, pp. 92-94, 119-123. 24 June. 1956
28. O. Forsman and E. Lundin, The influence of different surface coatings on the fatigue strength of
steel. Proceedings of the 1st World Metallurgical
Congress, Oct. 13-19, 1951. Pub. American Society of
Metals, 1952
29. A.J. Gould. Corrosion fatigue of Steel under asymmetric
stress in sea water, J. Iron & Steel Inst. Vol. 161,
p. 11. 1949
30. Data on the mechanical properties of steels at elevated

temperatures, No.1. Wrought Carbon Steel. P.D. 2647

British Standards Institution.

31. Steels for elevated temperature service, United States

Steel Corporation.
32. Digest of steels for high temperature service, Tlmkln
Roller Bearing Co.,
33. ASTM Special Technical Publication No. 227. Thermal
properties of 13 metals.
34. A. W. Johnson Mechanical Engineering Research Laboo
tory Report. A. B. Dlv. No. 9/58 1958.
35. H.W. Gillett, Impact resistance and tensile properties
of metals at sub-atmospheric temperatures, Project
No.13 of the Joint ASME-ASTM Research Committee
on the Effect of temperature on properties of. metals.
36. H.F. Hall andW. A. Nichols. Low temperature behaviour
of metals. }. Iron & Steel Inst., Vol. 180, pp. 329-336,
August, 1955.
37. Esser and Easterbrook, Arch. fUr das isenhUttenwesen
Vol. 41. 14 p. 341. 1940.
38. Private correspondence with the British Roiling Mills
limited.
39. Prlate correspondence with Effingham Steel Works
limited.

En 3

"20" CARBON STEEL

SPECI FICATI 0 N
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)
5i

En
En
En
En
En

3
3A
38 (1)
3C
3D (I)

025 max
0'15-0'25
0'25 max (z)
0'17-0'23
0'15-0'25

0'05-035
0'05-0'35
0'35 max
0'05-0'35
0'05-035

1'00 max
0'40-0'90
1'00 max
0'60-1'00
0'60-1'00

Mn

0060
0'060
0'060
0'050
0060

max
max
max
max
max

0'060
0060
0'060
0'050
0'060

max
max
max
max
max

(1) Ban to En 38 and En 3D are to be lupplled In the cold drawn condition

(2) When ltated In the order. the carbon content for ban up to and Including 2 !" die or width acroee f1a" Ihall not exceed
020 per cent

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Umltlng Ruling 5ection \ Tenlne Strength (R m)

(In.)
Tonl/sq.in.

En 3
En 3A.3C
En 38
En 3D

25-35
28 min
28 min
35 min
30 min
28 min

6
6

1!- or 1_
over1!-t021
over 2 1

38

Elongation (%)
(A)

25
25
17
15
15
15

min
min
min
min
min
min

RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
(See also En 2)
UNITED
En No
3

3A

KINGDOM

8,S,

B.S. AI.

400
401
1501-161"
1501-1618
1501-161C
1503 -161A
1503 -1618
1506 - 101
1506 - 111
1604 8
980 CEW 1
980 CEW 1
980 ERW 1
1717 CEW 101
1717 CEW 101
1717 ERW 101

S11
S510

(Ao En 3)

3D

A.I.S.I.

1020

Cl020

1011
1011

C1011
C1011

A.F.N.O.R.

GERMANY

SWEDEN

Werbtoff No.

Name

D.I.N.

S.I S.

1.0110

St37

17100

14.1450

U.S.S.R.
G.O.S.T.

MARK

...:;
~

~
i:J.

g
Cl018
C1011

C20d
XCl8f

(Ao En 3)

1011
1011

C1011
C1011

XCl81

(Ao En 3)

1011
1011

C1011
C1011

1449
980 CDS 1
980 CDS 1
1603 8
1604 A
1717 CDS 101
1717 CDS 101
1730

3C

S.A.E.

FRANCE

1018
1011

1419
1506 -101

38

AMERICA

1011
1011

C1011
C1011

XC181

XC18f

1.0405
1.CH56
1.0611

St4S'8
TTSt45

en

1717S
17006
17100

380-60
380-60
9543 -60

MSt 3
MSt 4
KSt 3

5058-57
1050-60

19 G
lOG

14.1305

5058-57
1050-60

19 G
lOG

14.1305

5058-57
1050- 60

19 G
lOG

14.1370
14.1411
14.1430

VI

!!.

-0

::s

En 3
40

Properties

of

the British Standard En steels

APPLICATIONS
A general purpose mild steel for welded or riveted structures. forgings. machined parts. hot pressings, etc. This steel
will only withstand a moderate amount of cold deformation. and for cold forming generally. steels in the En 2 series should
be specified.
En 3C is intended for special applications. e.g. where transverse properties are of importance In design.
Cold drawn bars En3B and En3D have the advantages ofscale free finish. to closetolerances. Improved tensile strength,
with enhanced machinabil ity and reasonable toughness at the expense ohome directionality in properties but giving a loW
yield in compression unless low temperature heat treated.
Typical uses are: Shafrs. staybolts, brake pedal levers, gear selectors, clutch and brake housings. motor car wheel
hubs, various motorcycle and scooter lug stampings. valve gate and body forgings. Wagon buffers, commutator screWs,
mine haulage and cage suspensions, general haulage gear.

WELDING
(See Introduction for key to symbols used In this table).

En No.

3A

W.lding Prot.ss
--M-.A.---G-.---,-.G-.---S.----F-.- - - 8 - . -

R.marks

38
3C
3D

M. A. Precautions are necessary when the carbon and manta"es.

contents are near the maximum, particularly with larl8 .ectlonl.
Th. m.thanital prop.rti of told drawn bar. ar. adv.rs.ly aff.ct.d
by all w.lding prot.....

R.produt.d by kind p.rmlssion of H.M.S.O.

This series of steels Is suitable for general welding. but should not be employed for spot projection or seam welding
unless the welding machines have been adapted for post heating.

MACHINABILITY
This steel has good machinability similar to that of En 2. It has also been taken as having a machinability
index of 100 as a standard for comparison with the other En Steels.

HOT .WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES

Forging. roiling and stamping

Annealing
Normalizing
Sub-critical annealing
Hardening
Tempering

12000C max,
SSO-9100C
880-9100C
630-7000C
880-910C
550-6600C

finish above SSO DC

Furnace cool
Air cool
Oil orWater Quench
Air cool

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
(See also En 2)
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (d)

Chemical Composition (%)

Process of
Manufaclure

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

BO.H.

0-23

0'11

0'63

0'034

0'034

007

Tr

Heat

Treatment

.C

A.930

Specific G....vily I
at 2O"C

Ref

7'86

SPECIFIC HEAT (c)

Mean Specific Heat. Calle dec C

Chemical Compcnition (%)

Procea of Manufacture

B.O.H.

Si

Mn

0'23

0'11

0'63

0'034 0'034
(nOt acated)

Ni

Cr

0'07

Tr

Heat

Trealment
C

2010
lOOOC

I 0'~6

A.930

2010
2000c

20 to
300"C

<4O()OC

2010
500"C

20 to
600"C

2010
7000c

20 to
8OO"C

2010
9OO"C

0'119

0'123
0'126

0'128
-

0'133
0135

0'140

0'148

0'165

0'166

2010

20 to Ref
l000"C

0'

165

'"
~

&'
tiC)
~

V\

MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION (a)

Chemical Composition (%)
Heat

Procea of Manufacture

B.O.H.

106 X Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion per dec C

Si

Mn

0-23

0'11

0'63

0'034 0-034
(not lcated)

NI

0'07

Cr

Tr

Treatment
C

A.930

2010
l00"C
12'4
12'5

2010 2010
200"C 300"C
12'8

13'2
13'1

20 to
400"C

2010
5000C

20 to
6000C

2010
700"C

2010
BOO"C

20 10
900"C

13'6

14'0
14'2

14'5

15'0

12'7

12'4

2010 Ref
l000"C
1

13'41

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (?)

Chemical Composition (%)
Procea of Manufacture

B.O.H.

0'23

"

Si

Mn

. . .
0-11

0'63

0-034
"

Section Size
Ni

Cr

. . .

0'034 0'07

Tr

dia.

(in.)

Electrical Resistivity. microhm cm

Heat

Treatment
C

A. '30
WQ. 950 (I hr)

20"C l00"C 2000c 300"C 400"C SOO"C 6000C 700"C 8OO"C 900"C 10000c

16'9
178

21'9

29'2

38'1

48'7

60'1

75'8

92'5

109'4

113'6 115-7

Ref

...
.".

=
W

m
~

W
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (k)

it;

Ch.mlcal Compoeltlon (%)

P . - of ManUl1lctU.. \
B.O.H.

C
0-23

51

Mn

0-11

0-63

0-034 0034
( _ .tae.d)

Hue T_cm.ne

0-07

Ni

A'30

Tr

Th.rmal Conductivity. Callcm

d.C C

20"C

100"C

2llO"C

300"C

400"C

500"C

600C

700"C

8OO"C

9OO"C

0'124

0-122
0-123

0-116

0'106
0-107

0'102

0'094
0'094

0-085

0'076

0'062

0-063

1000"C
0'065

R.f

1
2

'"0

YOUNG'S MODULUS (E). SHEAR MODULUS (G)

~
Chltlllical Composition (%)

SectIon 51u

P . - 01

Manul1lctura

51

Mn

..
. . ..

0-22

0-07

0'83

0'053

0'24

B.O.H.

0,27

0'24

.
.

0'01

0'07

0011

030

0'045

0'55

o-n

0-02

0-031

..

. .. . .

.
..
. ..
.
.
..
. .
.
..
.
..
.

0'24

NI

0'01'

0'03

0-010

0'034

dla.
(In.)

0'04

Hue
T_emllle
C

T_
Younc'l Modulus
T.... pe.
Tonl/sq.;n.

racure
"C

5tatlc Dynamic

Shur
Modulus
Tons'sq.in.
Static

So
t1I

Ref

co

...

::!.
(;;.

::r
N.9OO

Normalized

..

As Rolled

..

As Rolled

+20
-15
-120
-150
-196

13.350
13.soo
13.750
13.900
14.000

..
4

VOl

:;,

Q.

a.

ITI
:;,

16
100
200
300
400
500

13,500
13,200
12.400
11,900
11,150

8.soo

90

200
315
430
540
650

R.T.

13.100

13.390
13,000
12,400
11.960
11.600
10,270

5350
5170
5080
4950
4820
4240

.
5

-6

...
fi;;;-

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Ch.mlcal Composition (%)
p~

of Manufac.
ture

H.F.
A.O.H,

Si

Mn

0'08

0'24
0-20

1'0
0'67

0'05

11'20

Maan.tic Induction B (pUIS) for Maanetizinc Fi.ld of H (oemed)

Ni

Cr

0'07
0-08

0'15
0'07

0-036

Section SID
dio.
(in.)

H
H

Hat T....tm.nt
C

sq.
sq.

A.92S
A.92S

H= 10

20

40

60

100

ISO

200

150

11,600
11,100

14,150
13,600

15,800
15,300

16,600
16,150

17,550
17,300

18,400
18,150

19,100
18.aoo

19,600
19,300

Ref

..

..:.

&'
ti-

VI

ASTM
Grain
Size

Ch....lcaI Composition (%)

C

0'16

51

Mn

s-lon Size
dlo.
(in.)

062

0'14

Heat Tr..tm.ne

N.900

HIIlAs:
(oersted)

150
150

Bmu
!lOUIS)

19,480
19,480

Ho
Bnm
(oent.d) (COUA)

R.f

9,620
11,250

..

3'3
H

m
::::I

En 3
Properties

of

the British Standard E.n steels

TRANSFO RMATION CHARACTERISTICS

(See Fig. 2.1 for En 2.)

HARDENABILITY

END QUENCH HARDENABILITY CURVE

400

lOa

(Ref, 6)

1\

1'-'

iI

,i

a-I

-J

-2
4

-i

t-- r--

100

-.1

10

Di.tance

12

flOm

-,

1-9
I

quenched

1-2

I)

10

18

end

of

I-J

20

1-4
22

15

,-.t

24

"'die,

nlhs

2b '"'"

bar.

FIG. 3.1.

{Ref. 6)
,

Chemica' Composition (%)

114'

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

0'13

0'25

0'84

0'058

0028

0-09

0'04

Mo

..--J'

400

,\. I

0'05

Basic Open Hearth

Quenched from 900C

J5.)

o
'>300

::c

HARDNESS TRAVERSE CURVE

...:..

Ii

\I

"

\ lJ )

... 250

::c"

200

1.0

O~

Distance

OS

--

iI
1-0

f to m cenrr. of bar (i n)

FIG. 3.1.

I~

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Ch....lcal Composition (oy.,)
P - of
M... ufoctu..

Tensile

ASTH
Grain

Size

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

AI

Cu

s.ction
Size
diL
(In.)

H.c T....cm.nc

"C

B.O.H.

0'12

0'22

0-69

0'054 0-039

0'09

B.O.H. (51" Al Killed)

0-14
0-14
0'14
0'14

0'18

0'11

0'19

0-73 0'031 0-018

0'55
0-68
0-60 0'036 0-011

0-15
0'15

0'11

::>.H. (51 Killed)

0-63
0-70

0'06

005

0-0'4

'i

0'16

0'16

0-20

..

..

.O.H ($1 Killed)

0-16
0-16
0-16

0'17
0'17
0'17

0-14

CH56 QoOoK

0-22
0'13

1l
Ii

Ii

0-04
0-033

0-018
0019

. . . .

0-18

0-24

0-77

0'0]4 0-016

0-18

B.O.H. (51 Killed)

0'18
0-18

0-26
011

0-65

0-047 0-015

0-13

0-19

0-18
0-24
015
0'24
0-13
0'22
0-13
0-21
0'16

0-69
0-74
0-69
0-69

BE
A.O.H.

0-21

0-17
0-18

0'19
0'19

0-19
0'19
0'19

0'19
0'19
0'19

022

o-n

0-61
0-64
0-57
0-61

0'029
0014
0'014
0'015
0-015
0-010
0-010
0-014
0-039

0-19
0-17
0-16
0-'9
0-22
0-21
0-21
0-16

0-06

fc.lb.

Izod

R.r

(A)

(Z)

31'0

36

64

B5

ll'O
36'0
30'4
29'6

33
20
15i
18

210
16'5

29'0
18'3
31-0

16i
43
19

23"2
24'2
18'1

29'5
31-0
29'8
30,3
178

3H
3Si
37
19i
41
22
37
36
32

10
9

(R m )

EI
(%)

T_/aqin.
19'1

As Rolled
As Rolled
Cold Drawn

Cold Drawn
N.900
WQ.920 T600
As Rolled

N.920
As Rolled
N.920
A.750

lib...

Cold Drawn
N.880

Ii

As Rolled

38'5
308
18'0
30'0

N.880

31'6

36

Ii

N.880
N.880

190

3101
31'9

II
3Si

As Rolled
As Rolled

16'4

30'2
32'8
30'4
312
29'8

H
31
36
36
35
II
35
38
40

Haq

Ii
0'034
0031
0'031
0-039
0-035
0'031
0,043
0-015
0'038

T.S.

R.A
(%)

As Rolled

B.O.H. (Si .. AI Killed)

B.O.H. (Si Killed)

2
1

1l

0,55
0-70
0-62

0-66
0-63
0-65

. . .

McQuaid
Ehn
7

Y.P.
0-'% 0-2% 0-5%
P.S. P.S.
P.S.
(O.IR p ) (0'2R p ) (o-SR p ) (R.)

Ii
Ii
Ii
11
Ii
1l

1l

N880
N880
Naao
N880
As Rolled
N900
A850

18'4

18'8
'8'4

308

(0-05 P.5.)
19'2

19'9

17'2

306
327
27'5

9
10
10
9
10
68
73

95
109

11

10

66
70

88
93
93

('\
Q

,.~

!!..

9
10
9

6H
64i

75
66

8
12

m
W

m
:::s

~
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Compooition (%)
ASTM
Grain
51ze

Proc... of
Manufacture

I Oo~..

.
.
.
.

G-OS
G-n
0'2-4
0'23
0'23

0'66
0'70
0'61
0'59
0'67

0'032
G-033
0'037
0'038
0'03-4

0017
G-019
003-4
0'026
0'023

0'066

.
.
..
.
..
.
.

0'0-49

0'0304

0'030

.
002
.
.
.
.
.
..

.
0'11
.

..

.
.
.
.
.
.
..

0'20

0'32

G-B3

.
..

.
.
.

Cr

Cu

..

0'20
0'20
0'20
0'20
0'20

..
0017
..
..

Ni

0,95

..
.
.

..

A.O.H.

.
.
.
.
..

..
..
..
..

..
.
..

0'13

Mn

.
089
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

0'20

B.O.H. (Balanced)
B.O.H. (Si Killed)
B.O.H.

5i

Tensile

..

0'99

.
.
..
.
.
.
..

0,015

0006-4

..

H
H
f

.
.

0018
0.19

G-21
0'15
0'2-4
0'20
0'17

.
.
..
.
.
.

T.

0'08

..
.

As Rolled

N.900 WQ 760

'.

.
.
..
.
.

Brine Q.913
BQ.913 T.l00
BQ.913 T.200
BQ.913 T.300
BQ.913 T.-400
BQ.913 T.500
BQ.913 T.600
BQ.913 T.700

H
Ii
H
H

..

Heat Treatment

.
..
.
.
.
.
.

0'252

.
.
.
..
..

..

Section
Size
dia.
(in.)

6(M)

.
..
..

N.880

N900
WQ.900
WQ.900 T.300
WQ.900 T.-400
WQ.900 T.500
WQ.900 T.600
OQ.900
OQ.900 T.600
N.850

0'1% 02% 0'5%

Y.P. T.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(00 lRp)(O'2R p)(O' SR p) (R s) (R m)

EI
(%)
(A)

tzod
ft.lb.

R.A
("/o)

Ref.

(Z)

"I:J

Tons/sq.in.
23'6
2-4'8
27-3
73
7-4
80
76
62
-48
39
28

39'1
-43'5
55'-4
95
95
9-4
81
75
51
-41
35

35
35
25
5
6
7
6
9

15'0
17'-4
19'2

28'6
32'-4
31'2
32'2
30'-4
30'6
36
52
-48
-49
-46

33
29
36
32
37
36
304
18
20
20
23
25
29
31
3-4.

2-4
33
30
33
35
H
28
30
165

....

-42
-40
31-1

,..

17
25

86
100
75
26
31
37

..
..
..
..
..

55
70
73
76

I d Charpy
zo
V
60
-46
52
52
~7

63
62
65
52

.
.
,..
.

13

82
33
33
-45
61
79
65
97
-45

102
-45
103
105
103
116
122
120

~;:::.

~.

o
.....

So
(ll

OJ

iii'

9
9
9

:sa.

.
.
.
.

15

.
.
.
.
.

16

VI

S'
~

IT1
~

['"
'"

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Procetl of
Manufacture

Tensile
Section
Size

ASTM
Grain
Size

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Cu

dis.
(in.)

Heat Treatment

"C
0'21
0'21
0'21
0'21
0'21
0.21
0'21

B.O.H. (AI Be Si Killed)

B.O.H. lSi Killed)

..

..

A.O.H.

0'63
065

0'22
0'23
0'23
025
0'14

on

0'69
0'67
070
0'..3

0'037
0'0+4
0'036
0'039
0'022

OOl
0019
0'02..
0'015
0'0304

0'16
0'15
0'16
0'15

0'19
02..
0'18
0'21

H
1f
1

.
.

A. Rolled

,.
H

N.880
OQ.850 T.575

T.S.
(Rm )

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A
(%)

Izocl
ft.lb.

Ref.

(Z)

Ton./sq.ln.

Cold Dnawn

11

0'1% 0'2% 0'5% Y.P.

P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'lR p)(0'2R p) (0'5Rpl: Rs )

19'6
16'"
21'0

36'0
32'0
32'0
30..
30'8
30'8
304'0

20
21
33
33
29
39
36t

..

10

.
.

..
12

66

--

.
.

.
.

0'22

0'70

.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.

6-8

.
.
.

H.F.

ti.F

.
.
..

.
.
.....
.
.
.

0'82

.
..
.
.

on

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

0'20

.
..
.
.

0'22

.
.
.

0'32

0.22

0'22

0'22

..

.
.
..
..

.
.
.
..
.
.

.
.
.

.
.
.

on

..

..
2t
.

A. Rolled
N.900
AJ Rolled
N.900

1
i

A.870 FC.
N.927
N.927

1i

.
.
.
..
.
..
..
.

0016

..
..
.

0'18

..
.
.

0'38

0'023

..
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

0'021

..
1
2

0'022 0'012

.
.
.

1
2 (M)

0'012

..

.
.

..

.
.
.

0'38

..

..

0'05

..
..
..

1i

.
.
.

.
..

1i

..

10

..
..
.

33'6
32'1
30'6
31'5

3H
35
3Si
31

205
22'3
22'1
20'2
20'1
29'9
2"'5
22'"
17'9

29'1
31-5
31'2
30'7
30'0
60'3
38'8
36'6
330

35
3Si
3..
3..
304
lH
25i
30
32+

6H
68i
67i
66t
604
2H
57i
69+
71 i

89
88
86
90
85
14
70
105
98

17

AJ Rolled
N.920
A.920
W.Q.900 TwO
WQ.900 T650

22'0
23..
220
3,...
30'0

32'9
327
32'0
387
36'0

37i
37i
3H

66
65
60

3"
3H

72
7..

5..
81
66
99
1004

AJ Rolled
N 920
A.920
WQ.900 T600
T650

22'8
238
21-2
31-6
290

33'"
337
31'8
39'6
35'6

37
35
Hi
30
36

66i
6H
60i
69 i
7Si

59
78
66
103
1004

.
.
BC.913 wQ.n.. Tln
.
.. .
.
. ..
.
. ..

..

.
.
.
..

...:i
~

("\
Cl

;}.
Q

::3
V\

.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.

::s

..
Q)

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process of
Manufacture

ASTH
Grain
Size

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Tensile

Mo

AI

Cu

Section
5ize
dia.
(in.)

Y.P.
001% 0'2% 0'5%
Heat Treatment
P.S.
P.S.
P.5.
(O'lR p) (0'2R p) (O'SR p) (Rs )
"C

.
.
.

B.O.H. (Si Killed)

..
..
.

B.O.H. (Si Killed)

on 0'20
on on
o-n 0'21
o-n on

.
..

0'23

025

..

0'6'4
070
0'66
0'70

0'032
0'047
0'046
0'029

0'025
0'020
0'019
0'024

0'19
0'16
0'17
0'18

on

0'034 0'032 0-21

0'042 0'020 0'16

0'032 0'032 0018
0'036 0'017 0'24

..

.
.

.
.

BO.H. (Si Killed)

B.O.H. (Si Killed)
B.O.H. (Si Killed)

0-23
0'23
023

on
0'24
0'21

0'80
0'63
0'65

B.O.H.
B.O.H. (Si Killed)
B.O.H. (5i Killed)

0'24
0'24
024
0'24

0'21
0'07
0'21
023

054
0'72
075
0'72

0-15
0'02 0'034 0'04
0'034 0'021 0'15
0'033 0'02 0'21

0'25

005

0061

0'039 0-04

1i

H
Sf
3

1t
2i
1t
H
H

T.5.
(R m)

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

Izoe!
k.lb.

Ref.

(Z)

N.BBO

19'6

Annealed

17'6
18'4

..
.
.
.

NBBO
)G'4
19'2
16'2
16'0

As Rolled
N.BBO

..

31'2
32'4
30'8
33'6
346
33'0
34'6
318
30'8
31'2

35
35
36
32

54

.
..

.9
..
.

36
36
36
29
35
34

.
.

--H

N.870
As Rolled
N.880

Cold Drawn

f
H

199

202

197
306
302

34'1
32'4
37
36

41
39

37'0

44'2

12

20-2

65
62

51

CIl

Tons/sq.in.

8
6
9

18

~
~

So

I'D

OJ

:::t
<;;

::r
VI

::J

g-

et
I'T1
::J

CIl

;;;-

=
W

En 3
"20" Carbon Steel

49

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

EFFECT OF MASS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NORMALIZED EN 3

The curves below have been compiled from the test results of several casts of En 3.

SO

,....----r---,....----r---...,---..,----,

~O

w"..,..,=-+---+---+-----1----+----I
Elon ation

20

1---+---+----1----+----+----1

~o

f----+----+----t----f----f----i

~,.....J:..L..L..L.L.L.:L.:::4L~/~Yield II r enq r h
10

1---+---+---+-----1----+-----1

10

lor diam.t., (inCh.s)

m
:::s

w
VI

EFFECT OF COLD WORK

Chemical Composition (%)
Process of

ASTM

cure

Grain
Size

Manufac-

Si

Mn

Ni

Tensile

Cr

SeCtion
Size
dia.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

0'1%
P.S.
(0'1R p )

0'2%
P.S.
(0'2R p)

0'5%
P.S.
(0'5R p)

T.S.
(R m )

... .... ... ... ...

013

..

.
.
.
..
.

...

a.E.

0'16

0'29

.
.
.
..
.

0'07

0'54

.
.
.
..

063

0016 0'009

.
.

0'01

.
.
.

0'13

0'07

.
.

It

.
.

Normalized
.. +5% C.O
.. +'0% C.O
.. +25% C.O

207
282
37'4
46'0

<'YO>
(A)

Tons/sq. in
a.E.

EI

4YA
30'5
339
38'3
46'2

R.A.
(%)

Izod
fdb

(Z)

Hardn...
HV

Ref.
~

-i.,....

50
70t
66t
63t
S7t

41

28
24
IS

.8
..

96
96
82
23

if

~
Stil

.,t1a

.
.
.
.

0'012

Normalized
.. + 10"10 C.O.
.. +30"/0 C.O.
.. +50"10 C.O.
.. +60"10 C.O.
.. +80"/0 C.O

145
192
212
228
236
245

..
..
8

.
.

s:

:::r
VI

::J

go

it
ITl
::J

McQuaid
Ehn
4-5

.
.
.

.
.
.

0'22

.
..
..
..

0'31

.
..
.
.

0'71

.
.
.

0'042

0'051

..
.

.
.
.
.

1'07

As Rolled

Normalized
.. + 7%C.0.
.. +13%C.O.
.. +22%C.O.

26'4
28'8
30'4

30'2
35'1
36'0

18'3
19'0
31'7
36'2
40'1

32'1
32'2
)4'7
375
42'6

35
37
27
22
17

28
30t
21t
16t
12t

60
81
~

37
26

.
.
.

19

..

'"
;~

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURE

(See also En 2)
Ch.mlcal Composition <'YO>

Si

Mn

Section Size
dia.
(in.)

....
.....

..
..
..
...

0'22

007

....

083

....

0'052

..
..

..
..

..

...
......

..

..
..
..
...

N.900

I
j

..
..
..
..

0-22

OSO

,
,

..

..
..

0-2%
P.S.
(0'2R p)

0-5%
P.S.
(0-5RP>

"C

..
..
..
..

0-031

..
..

Y.P.
(R,)
L

EI
(%)
(A)

T.S.
(R m)

R.A.
(%)

Izoe!
fdb.

(Z)

..

..

0-05

..

0'61

Cold Drawn

..

50"/0 Max
En.rlY

Tonl/sq.in
19'3
22'1
31'8
37'8
55'0

+ 20
-SO

-120
-150
-196

19'2
22'0
31'1
362
53'8

19'9
23'0
32'0
35'0
51'8

19
21
30
35
52

20
23
33
39
56

23'7

+20
0
-19
- 55
-81
-162
-184
-196

32'3
36
42'5
45'5
58'0

30
31
32
28
21

32'8

29

37'5
375
49'6

65

9
6

21

69
58
36
23
13
4
3

56
6
4

47'3
51'6
54'9

R.f.

+14(C)
-12(1)

+4(C)
-6(1)

50"/0

Fibroul
Fractur.
20

60
58
51
44
23

~
("'\
Q

l}.

i
0'25

Impact Transition
T.mperatu,.
C

T.nsil.

0'1%
HeatT....cm.nt Test T.mperatu,.
P.S.
(0'1Rp )

::J

VI

+20
-40

37
40

12
14

44'2
49

51
49

20
2

!!..

U = Upper Yield Stresl

L = Lower Yield Str_

18

(C) = Cluorpy Impact Test

II) = Izod Impact Test

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

(See also En 2)
Chemical Composition (Yo>

0'16
0.22
0'25

Ni

Tenlile
AI
Cr Ib./tOll.

SI

Mn

029

on

0'044 0-034 0'17 012

0"1

0-039 0-040

005

O'SO

Section Size
dia.
(in.)

14

Heat Treatment

N.900

ColdDrawn

Y.P.
(RJ

T.S.
(R m )

Tonl/lq.in

37'1

32'8
44'2

EI
(%)
(A)

Izoe! Impact. fdb.

(Z)

- 65-

29
12

Test Temperature, C

R.A.
(%)

51

R.T.

69
20

+10

1H

58
12

-18 -29 -40 -46

36

7i

120

2t

-SO

87

Ref.
-55

23

-78

-81

-162

55

13

-184

3
-

8
21
18

--

V1

m
::::I

:s
w
IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA
(continued)
Process of
Manufacture

KilladSi. Mil

Killed 51 Mn

Chemical Compooltion (%)

C

Si

Mn

NI

Cr

AI

...
...

l~

... ... ...

. . .

r~

....
...

o-lS

0-17

....
....

0-07

0-15

0'71

Section
Size
dia
(in.)

.. .. .

lSOC

Rolled
N.B75
N.l000
N.l050
N.ll00

120
120+
120+
120+
120+

Rolled
N.87S
N.l000
N.l0SO
N.ll00

96
120+
120+
120+
120+

Residual AI
0.025%

""

Charpy V Notch. pft.lb.

240C

Residual AI
0.02%

0-56

Haet Treatment
C

VI

130C

-4OC -2O"C -37"'C -4O"C -SO"C -S4"C -6O"C -7Il"C

10
120+ 120+ 120+
120+ 120+ 120+
120+ 101
12
116
46
22

31
120+ 120+ 120+
120+ 120+ 120
120+ 120+ 58
120+ 83

B7

- lS-

-- -

120+
88

.., --

--

- -- - -

2
8
3
5
3

4
40
31

,
:1

6
3
2
2

- -7

Ref.

._n

5
2
:I

if

S-

It

tD
Killed 51 Mn

Semi-Killed

51 Killed

...
....

0-22

...
.

0-15

... ....
.... ...

lHl9

......
.

0-07

0-56

r~

...
...

0-56

"."~

Residual AI
0.0100/0

r-

.. ... ...
.. .. .

021

0'16

0-11

029

043

on

00044 0-034

0-17

0-12

2 I- Ib../ton.

40
120+
111
119
90

--

Rolled
N.B75
N.l000
N.l0SO
N.l100

98
105
103
101
74

--

N.875
N.l000
N.l050
N.l100

74
61
SO
49

N.900

} AO mould

Rolled
N.B7S
N.l000
N.l0SO
N.ll00

Residual AI
0.033%

120+ 119
120+ 113
120+ 107
46
28

- 120+ 105

8
120
"7

lOS
9

98
76
49

58
41
16

6
41
9
17
8

--

52
38
20
16

32
18
10
10

11
7
6
6

130

137

'"10

3
10
5
8
4

--

--

--

83

71

--

--

3
6
2

-4 -2
4
3

-2 -2
2
2

18

~
~

it
n

2
2
1
1

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

(continued)
Proceo. of
Manufac..
ture

A.O.H.

Chemical Composition (%)

ASTM
Grain
Size

5i

Mn

Ni

Cr

Fin.

016

0'29

072

0-0+4

0'034

0'17

0'12

Section Size
dia.
(in.)

AI
2 i Ib/ton

Charpy K.yhole Notch. fdb.

Heat Treatment
'C

+ 15'C

N.900

49

ReI
-20"C -40"C -SO"C -6O"C -78"C
49

42

48

29

11

AI. added
to
ladle
A.O.H.

.
.
.

..
..

.
.
.

. ..
. ..

1-4

0-16

..

.. .
. .
..
.. ..
. ..

Mixed

4-5

0'24

.
.
.

0'75

.
..
.

..
..
..
.

030

..

..

0'23

..
..

..

086

0-043

..

..
..
..

.
.
.
0-021

0035

..
..

..
.
.
..
.
..

.
.
.
.
.
.

0'15

0-12

..

.
.
.
..

. .
. ..

fib/ton

to

...::.
q

mOIJld

t Ib/ton

.
..

t Ib/ton

5 sq.(C)

..

.
.

..

1. lb/ton

..

..

(0)

N.900

5 sq.(C)
(0)

5 sq.(C)

..

(0)

..

..
..

..
..
..
..

..
N.900

0-017

+23C

_20C

45

35

23
13

20

37

19

19

li-

31

21

20

20
23

4
5

.
..
.

.
.

n
Cl

..,

0-

n:

V\

!!..

..
..

_30C --45C
35

28

23

(C)=centre
(O)-outside
V1
\AI

m
::s
w

:::s
w

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

(See also En.2.)

U'I

Process of
Manufacture

.
..
.
..
..
.
.
.

012

A.O.H.

0'24

..
..
..
.
..

..
..
.
.
.
.
.

0'24

..

.
.

..

..

.
.
..
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
..
..

..
.

51

Mn

..
..
.
.
.
.
..
..
0'21
..
..
..
.

053

0-10

..
..

..
..
.

.
..
.
0-26
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
..

..
.

..

..

..
..
..
.
..

.
.
..

.
..
.
..
.
..
.

..

.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
..
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

..

Mo

.
.

..
.
.
..
..

..
..
.
.
..
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
..
0'15
..

SKtion Size
dio.
(in.)

Heat Treatment
C

.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
.

.
.
..
.

0,008 0'012

..
..

..
..
..
..

.
..
.
.
.

.
.

..
.
..

..
..
..

..
..

.
.
.
.
0'22
.
.
.
..
.
.
..
..
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..

I
I

i
i

..

.
.
..

.
..
.
.
..

.
.
.
..
.
.
.
0'07
.
..
.
..
.
.
.
..
..

..
..
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
..

II
i
I
I

I
I

.
.

..

O'eM

.
.

..
.
..

..
..
.
..
..
.
..
..
..
..
..

..
..

I 192
1

Ii

600

Tr

.
.

L.P.

Test Temperature
'C
R.T.
100
200
300
<400
450
500
5SO

0034 0'037 0030

0'54

0-47

Cr

Ni

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

.
.
.
t.

.
.

.
.

8 sq.

.
.
..
.
.
..
.
..
..
.
.
.

N.870

..
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
..

.~
.
i
I

II
i
I
I

I
I
I

.
.
.
.
N.870 (3 hra)
..
.
.
As Rollod

..
.
..

A.6S0 (6 hra) F.C.

..

R.T.
50
100
ISO
200
250
300
350
<400
4SO
500
550

71
4'3
39
35
2'5
2'2

19'3
189
187
9'4
75

199
19'4

161
13'7
12'5
12'0
",4
10'6
8'1
65

I
I

16'0
20'2

"'0

14

19'9
19'2
19'2

7-3

11-7

Y.P.

(Rs)

7'0
5'1
42

197
187
18'0
195
190
115
105
7'5
65
5-3
42
3-5
25

600

15
3SO
<400
4SO
500
20
350
<400
450
500
20
350
<400
4SO
500
20
350
<400
4SO
500

'8
'4
17'0

005% 01% 02% (0,5%

P.S.
P.5.
P.S.
P.5.
(0,2
(ODS (0'1
(0-5
Rp)
Rp )
Rp)
Rpl
Tons/sq.in.

""0
15'0
21'2
17-2
""8
132
14'7
24'0
13'2
195
172
14'2

202
197

20'2
20,0

163
"',7
141
136
130
",8
9'7
72

178
17'3
16'8
16'2
15'1
13'6
"'1
7'9

22'5
137
13'0
13'5
12'0
18'4
21'8

22'5
20'8
19'9
19'5
18'0
20'3
27'0

16'2
16'8
21'2
18'0
16'0

21'8
22'2
21'3
22'0
20'0
190
186
220
220
248
21'2
21'2

15'8
22'0
15'3
21'0
18'0
16'3

T.S.
(R m)

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

26'7
25'8
332
31'3
2'\7
20'6
157
11'6
8'3

<46
36
25
3H
4H

73
71
5H
6H71
75
80
8H
9H

65
66
53
33t
45
47
57
64
6S!
6S!
69
73
78

<48

52
63t
76

341
33'6
36'3
437
43'9
43'0
41'0
371
312
25'5
20'6
16'5
12'9

41
37
38
16t
23
30 !
36!
42
36
30
33

36'8
4,...
38'7
37'4
31'6
36'0
....9
39'5
35'8
33
35'6
38'5
37'4
33-5
30'3
355
34'2
33'8
29'9
282

28
32
33
31!
27!
3H
21
24
24
20
30

40
40

23

27
29
28
28
26t
26
28
23

(Z)

Izod
ft. lb.

..
.
.
.
.
.
..
..

.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
8
.
.

<48

Sa!
6H
6H
62
5H2H
.... !
<46
45
sH36
.... !
62
6S
54!
42+
q
53
51

Ref.

16

"

.
.
.
.
.
..
..
8
..

.
.
.

..

..
.

..
..

.g

til

:4

~.

o
-....

So
til

.,

'"

VI

a.
~
Q

/'T1
~

'"

tt

'"

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Si

Mn

Heat Treatment
C

Ni

Test
Tempenture
C

L. P.

Y.P.

T.S.

IRs)

(R m )

Tons/sq.in.

..
....
....
.
..
..
...

..
....
..
....
....
..
..
..

....
...

024

024

O'S~

..
....
..
..
.. ..

..
....
....

0011

.....
..

....

....
....
....
..
....
..
..

0'019

..
..
....
..
......
..

.....
....

0'028

Normalized

..
.....

..

..

16
100
160
200
2SO
300
350
~

500
610
710

(Z)

321

3~'2

28
23
19
29
32
3H
39t
38t

377
39'S
390
36'6
3~'8

297
26'9
20'3
99
51

~SO

R.A.
(%)

Rer.

176
195
19'0
182

13'6
186
14'S
130
99
9'1
7'9
7'5

EI

(A)

(%)

~'5

~H
6~

87

61
59
~
~5
~5

55
58
69t
69
75
9H
97

.
.
.
.

.
.
..
.
.
.
.

tV
~

STRESS RUPTURE DATA

Chemical Composition 1%)
PI'OCftt 0' Manufacture

Si

Mn

Size
dia.
(in.)

Heat Treatment
C

Test Tem perature

Y.P.

(Rs)

T.S.
(R m )

.
..
..
..
..
..
.
.

B.O.H.

..

..

.
..

.
.
..
.
.
..
.
..
..
..

0'2~

.
.
.
..
.
..

..

.
.
.
.
..

0'05

.
.
.

..
.

....

..
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.

0'63

..
..

.
..
.
.

0'032

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.

..
.

0'016

.
.
.

.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.t
.
.

..

..
..
..
..
.

.
..
..
..

.
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

N.950

...
.

R.T.
3S0
~

.
.
.
.

~50

.
.
550
..

18'2

EI

R.A.

(A)

(%)
(Z)

259
277

sot
37

6H
62

213

73

Tons/sq.in.

1%)

500

137

81

~'67

93
75
65

86
96
93

335

107

99

8'24

950

67

St....
Tons/sq.in.

19'8
180
15'8
13'3
12'0
10'0
10'0
9'9
9'9
5'9
~'O

650
750
850

~.~

...

C"\
Q

St.... Rupture

Tensile

Time to
Fracture

hrs

~39

EI

(%)

36

~9

310
516
1176
66
110
175
118
576

,.,~

1~

0'95
0'50
0'30
0'73
0053

100
756
19H
89
292

31
38
75
69
111
10
9
5~

32

0-

R.A.

Ref.

(%)

62
71
67
6S
58
65
76
75
73

V\

24

82

92
92
~

46
29

VI
VI

=
W

m
:::s

w
U'I

0'

HIGH TEMPERATURE IMPACT TESTS

Charpy Impact, ft. lb.

Chemical Composition (%)

Heat T_tment
C

51

Mn

NI

0'2..

0'55

0'011

0'019

0'03

0'2..

Ref.

Test Temperature'C

V. Notth
Keyhole Nott h

Normalized

18

SO

100

200

300

400

sao

600

700

19'9
312

35'2
373

71'9
..2'2

101'0
"2'3

957

85

59

.fO3

535

1..7

..

"'Q

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN TORSION

n'

(See also En 2.)

Process of
Manufacture

0'20
0'20

a.E.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

02..

..
.

51

0-12

0-2"

.
.
.
.
..
.
..
.
.
.

Mil

0-80

0-5-4

.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.

0'05

0011

..
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
..
.
.

Ni

0'05

.
.
..
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.

'"

Section Heat T_tment

Size
"C
dia.
(in.)

.
.

.
.
.

.
.
..
.
..

L.P.

05%
P.S.
(0'5R p)

Y.P.
(Rs )

T.S.
(R m )

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

12'2

N880

15'8

18'3

lzod

ft-Ib

(Z)

Tons/sq. In.

As Rolled

0'019 0-03

Test
Temperature
"C

L.P.

35
37

61
67

I,

Y.P.

11-3
13'3

35

,---

.
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

.
.
.

Normalized

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

10
100
160
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
610
710

13-6
18'6
""5
13'0
99
9'1
7'9
75

..5

17'6
19'"
19'0
18'2

321
3"'2
37'7
39'5
39'0
36'6
3"'8
297
26'9
20'3
9-9
5'1

.fO
28
23
19
29
32
31t
39
38t

..It
64
87

61
59

....

,i

..5 I
..5
55 i
58 I
69.
69
75 I
93t i
97 I

Appt.
Max.
Shear
St.....

Prob.
Max.
Shear
St.....

III

Ref.

12'9
13'1
11-3

7'6

1"'6
1"'2
13'5
13'8

6'6
3-S

25'5
2"'2

3"'0
32'2

352
3"'8
3"'9
33'8

26'"
26'1
26'2
25'3

35'"

26'5

31-9

23'9

2106
10'0e
Ht

16-2
7'53 '7t

8
25

-5
.

..
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Test at 600"C
Teat at 700"C

.,l

Tons/sq. in.

I
30-8
28'9

~
S-

Torsion

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

...

V\
Q

;:,

Q.

ct

fT1
;:,

'"~

FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF EN 3
(See also En 2.)
T.nsil.

a-lcal Composition (%)

ASTM

H.t Treatm.nt

Grain
5a.

Mn

5i

P
C

6
7
4

..
..

Tons/sq.;n.

..

16'2
16'9
16'3

20

..
.

As drawn
A.92S
WQ.92S

34'0
16'5
24'&

36'1
24'9
3&'4

lSi
35
20

1&'7
14'7
'19'2

20

N.9OO
N.9OO

1&'4
16'5

15'4
287

33
30

14'6
14'6

10

0'030

.
.

0'030

C)o16

0'33

..
..

0'048

0'060

C)o17
C)ol'

0'10
0'16

0'009
C)oOO6

0'015
0'040

O'SO

Ref.

35
31
34

045

0'41

(Z)

Rotatine Bend
Fatieu. limit.

15'1
26'1
267

..
..

Tons/sq.;n.

R.A.
(%)

17'0
1&'0
167

C)o80

..

EI
f%)
(A)

A.92S
N.925
A.112S

.
..

T.5.
(R"J

C)o10

C)o11

Y.P.

(Ra>

n
70

..
.

,.:::,
q

CORROSION FATIGUE
T.nsile

Chemical Composition ('JI.J

Si

Mn

5ectiOll 5i.e
(In)

Treatment

Y.P.

(Ra)

T.S.
(R m )

Tons/sq.in.

.
.

0'10

..
.
..
.

.
."
.
.
.

0'14

..

0'54

...
..
.
..

.
.
.
.."

0-<123

0'08

As Rolled (L)

(T)
Hot p1vani.ed (30-60,..)
Elect!. zinc (5-10,..)
Elect!. cadmium (5-10,..)
TIn coatinc (5-10,..)
Nickel coatine (20,..)

21-4
22-3

30'&
31'2

EI
(%)
on 50
(A)

364
37'6

R.v....
R.A.
(%)
(Z)

Bendine Fatieue Limit (Tons/sq.in.)

900 rev/min

('\

Ref.
in Air

in Tap Water

12'5

&'1(15 X 108 rev)

13'7
13'1
15'0
13'7
175

15'6(15 X 108
14'4(15 X 108
13'7(15 X 108
13'7(15 X 108
10'6(15 X 108

rev)
rev)
rev)
rev)
rev)

~
o

...

in 3% Salt Wat.r

:::J

VI
C1>

5'6 (15 X 108 rev)

26

14'4(15 X 108
5'6(15 X 108
11'9(15 X 108
6'2S(15 X 108
3'75(15 X 108

.
..
.
..

rev)
rev)
rev)
rev)
rev)

!!.

Sand blasted before plat;ng.

Rotatine bend Fatigue Limit (Tons/sq.in.) 3000 rev/min
in Air

on

on

0'31

.
.

..
.

.
.
.
.
..

..
"

..

.
.
..

.
.
..
..
..
.

OOO16

.
.
.
..
.
..

OOO37

..
.
.
.
.

Bar

"

Normalized
Hot p1vanized (30-60 ,..)
Elect. zinc (5-10,..)
Elect. cadmium (5-10,..)
Tin coatine (5-20,..)
Nickel coatine (20 ,..)
Chrome platine
(2010 Ni+ 1'25 IOCr)

in Tap Water (drip feed) in 3% Salt Water (drip feed)

13'&
11'9
15'0
14'4
13'7
14'4

9'&(15 X 108 rev)

12'5(15 X 108 rev)
14'4(15 X 108 rev)
12'5(15x 108 rev)
10'6(15 X 108 rev)
12'5(15 X 108 rev)

4'5(15 X 108 rev)

13'1(15Xl08 rev)
13'7(15 X 108 r.v)
9'4(15 X 108 rev)
8'1(15x 108 rev)
6'9(15 X 108 rev)

15'0

13'1(15x 108 rev)

10'0(15 X 108 rev'

.
.
..
.
..
.

26

......

V1

:I

En 3
58

Properties

of

the British Standard En steels

LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Physical constants of some commercial steels at elevated temperature. Butterworths, London. 1953.
2. Private correspondence With The United Steel Companies Limited.
3. R.W. Powel I. Effect of quenching on conductivity and resistivity.}. Iron &Steellnst. Vol. 184. Part 1. p. 7. September. 1956
4. War Office unpublished report.
5. H.J. Tapsell and W.J. Clenshaw. Mechanical properties of Armco Iron, 0'17% Carbon Steel and 0'24% Carbon Steel
With special reference to creep. D.S.I.R. Engineering Research Report No.1. 1927. H.M.S.O. London. 1927.
6. British Iron and Steel Research Association unpublished data.
7. W.H. Hill K.D. Shimmin. B.A.Wilcox. Dynamic moduli of elasticity of nickel containing materials at elevated
temperature. A.S.T.M. Preprint No. 74 1961.
8. Private correspondence With Firth-Brown Limited.
9. Private correspondence with The Park Gate Iron and Steel Co. Limited.
10. British standard 971 Commentary on British Standard Wrought Steels, En Series. British Standards Institution. London, 1950
11. Private correspondence With The Ministry of Power. Safety-In-Mines Research Establishment.
12. Private correspondence with Edgar Allen and Company Limited.
13. L. Aitchison and W.1. Pumphrey Engineering Steels. MacDonald & Evans. London. 1953.
14. H. Muir, B.L. Averbach and M.Cohen. The Elastic Limit and Yield Behaviour of Hardened Steels. Trans. Amer. Soc. Metals.
Vol. 47. 1955.
15. Report of the Steel Research Committee, founded by the Institution of Automobile Engineers and the Society of Motor
Manufacturers and Traders. on an Investigation to Establish the Mechanical Properties of the British Standard Wrought
Automobile Steels. (British Engineering Standards Association Report No. 75. 1920).
16. Private correspondence With jessop-Saville Limited.
17. Modern Steels and Their Properties. Bethlehem Steel Company. (Fifth edition).
18. H.W. Gillett. Impact Resistance and Tensile Properties of Metals at Subatmospheric Temperatures. Project No. 13 of
the Joint ASME-ASTM Research Committee on the Effect of Temperature on Properties of Metals.
19. Private correspondence With British Rolling Mills Limited.
20. Fatigue of Metals by R. Cazaud. Translated by A.j. Fenner. Chapman & Hall. London. 1953.
21. D.H. Tantam. Engineering Problems associated With Low Temperature. Engineering Materials and Design. 1959 Feb.
pp.72.-76.
22. C.H. Herty and D.L. McBride. Effect of Deoxidation on the Impact Strength of Carbon Steels at Low Temperatures.
Mining and Metallurgical Investigations. Co-operative Bulletin. No. 67. 1934.
23. J.L. Everhart. How to Select Steels for Low Temperature Service. Materials and Methods. 1952. Jan. pp. 75-79.
24. C.H.M. jenkins and G.A. Mellor. Investigation of the Behaviour of Metals under deformation at High Temperature.
}. Iron &- Steel Inst. Vol. 132. No. II p. 179. 1935.
25. M.C. Fetzer. Torsional v Tensile Properties of Steels. Steel, Vol. 118. p. 92-94.119-123. 24 june. 1956
26. O. Forsman and E. Lundin. The influence of different surface coatings on the fatigue strength of steel. Proceedings
ofthe 1st World Metallurgical Congress. Oct. 13-19. 1951. (Pub. American Society of Metals. 1952).

En 4

"25" CARBON STEEL

SPECIFICATION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)

En ..
En <lA"

Si

Mn

0'30 ma"
030 ma"

0'OS--c'3S
0OS--c35

1'00 ma"
100 ma"

0060 ma"
0'060 ma"

0'060 ma"
0'060 ma"

" Cold Drawn

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

En <lA

En <I

Normalizod

Condition
Limlcinl rulin,lection. in.
Tonliloatreneth. Tonl/lq.in. (Rml
Elon,uion. por cenc., min. (AI
lzod Impacc Value.fc-Ib., min.
8rinoll hardna. number"

6
28-38
25

Cold Drawn

126-179HB

28-38
25
20
126-179H8

2
32-42
12

" For informacion purpOill only, noC a contractual part of the

Ipeciflcation

RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
(See also En 2. En 3. and En 5)
UNITED KINGDOM
En No.

AMERICA

SWEDEN

U.S.S.R-

B.s.

S.A.E.

"-I.S.I.

S.I.S

G.O.S.T.

Mark

"

lS03-161C
1503-151

1025
1026

Cl025
Cl026

14.1505

5058-57

24G
25G

.fA

99OCDS5
99OCDS6
1717CDS103
1717CDS104

10s0~

En 4
60

Properties of the British Standard En steels

APPLICATIONS
A 'mlld steel suitable for components of greater strength than En 2, e.g. small components for motor cycles and motor
cars, such as retaining pieces, bearing housing, clips, clamping brackets, rocker brackets and flanged shafts. It Is also used
In agricultural machinery especially where superior toughness is required.

WELDING
(See Introduction for key to symbols used In this table)
En No

Description

Weldin.

Proc.....

M.A.

G.

I.G.

S.

F.

.f

General eneineerine mild Iteel

.fA

As above in the cold drawn condition

The mechanical proper'iel of cold drawn bart

are adversely affec'ed by
all weld inc procell..

Reproduced by kind permillion of H.M.S.O.

MACHINABILITY
This steel Is readily machinable and Is only slightly Inferior to En 3.

HOTWORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES

Forging, Rolling and Stamping

Annealing
Normalizing
Sub-Critical Annealing
Hardening
Tempering

12000 C Finish above 850C

850 -- 900C Furnace cool
850 -- 900C Air cool
630 -- 700C Air cool
850 -- 900C 011 or Water quench depending
on section size.
550 -- 660C Air cool

En 4
61

"25" Corbon Steel

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (d)
(See En 2, En 3 and En 5.)

SPECIFIC HEAT (c)

(See En 2, En 3 and En 5)

COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION (0)

(See also En 2, En 3 and En 5.)
Chemical Composition (%)
Heat Treatment
C

Si

Mn

025
0'30

0'01
020

0'06
0'-45

0'035 0'012

Normalized

10' X Mean Coefficient of

Thermal upanalon/delC
2Oto
20to 20to
l00"C 300C 600"C
12'5

11'1
118

Ref

14-3

1
5

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (!?)

(See also En 2, En 3 and En 5)

Chemical Composition 1%)

SI
Mn
S
P

027
0'30

0'10
0'20

0-63
0'-45

0'033 0'023

IHeat Treat, I Electrical Reilltlvity. microhm em I Ref

ment

at 25'C

Normllized
Quenched

16'5
195

13-6

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (k)

(See also En 2, En 3 and En 5.)
Chemical Compoaltlon
(%)

SI

Mn

. . .

0-30

0'20

0'-45

Heat
Treatment

The-mil Conductivity.
cal/cm I del C

Ref

20 "C
Normalized
Quenched

0'11
0'08

.
5

YOUNG'S MODULUS (E), SHEAR MODULUS (G) AND POISSON'S RATIO (a)
(See also En 2, En 3 and En 5.)
Chemical CompOSItion (%)
C

SI

Hn

0-26

0'02

060

0056 0'026

Heat Treatment Tut Temperature

'C
'C

A 8S0

20

Younl'l Modulul
Tonl/sq.in,
Static

Shear Modulul
Tonl/sq.ln.
Sutlc

PolllOn',
Ratio

13.350

5.180

0'281

Ref

En 4
of the British Standard En steels

Properties

62
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

(See also En 2, En 3 and En 5.)

Tenlile

Chemical Compolitlon (%)

C

Sl

NI

Mn

Hut Trutment

Cu

Y.P.

(R s )

C
0'27
0'27

030

0'27
0'13

..

020

0'<4$
0'35

0-12

..

..

045

Malnetlc Induction B (pUg) for Malneliz;nl Field of

H (oented)

EI
%

Ref.

(A)

Tonl/lq.;n.

FC.840
AI Rolled
A.9OO
Annealed

0'12

T.5.
(Rm)

19

34
49

34

+4

H,.10

40

20

11.100
5.000
7.000
9.750 12.600 14.750

50

100

60

150

15.900
15.600
15.300
15.350 15,850 17.050 18.000

TRANSFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS
ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION

See En 2 and En S.

HARDENABILITY
END QUENCH HARDENABILITY CURVE
(See also En 2, En 3 and En 5.)
Chemical Compolition (%)

5i

Mn

0'28

020

0'79

0036

0'030

Ni

Cr

0'14

0'10

Basic Open Hearth

Normalized from 870C

Austenitlzing temperature 870C.
(Ref. 6)

1\
'Z
550

450

>

~3SO

~
."

250

150

"- .........
o

--'0

Disto n c.

5
8

from

lb

qu.nch. d

;}

'M

FIG. 4.1.

HARDNESS TRAVERSE CURVE

(See En. 2, En. 3 and En. 5.)

cf

0"

Sinch.s
s jJt r.e fl rh

200

18.900
19.050
18,500
18.600

..
.
..

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(See also En 2. En 3 and En 5)
Tenlne

Chemical Compolition (%)

Proe. . of
Manufacture

ASTH
Grain
Size

SI

Mn

NI

Section
Size
dia
(in.)

Cr

Hac

Treatment
C

0'2% 0'5%
0'1%
P.5.
P.5.
P.S.
(0-1R p) (0'2R p) (0-5 Rp )

Y.P.

T.S.
(R m)

22'6
27'2

32'6
364
328
332
322
324
330
317
31'8
39'2

(Rs>

Tonl/lq.in.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

B.O.H
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

(Si & AI Killed)

(Si & AI Killed)
(Si Killed)
(Si Killed)
(Si Killed)
(Si Killed)
(Si Killed)

(Si
(Si
(Si
(Si

0'21
021
0'21
"

...

Killed)
Killed)
Killed)
Killed)

B.O.H.
"
B.O.H.
B.O.H. (Si Killed)
8.0.H. (Si Killed)
"

B.O.H. (Si Killed)

A.O.H.
A.O.H.
A.O.H.

McQuaid
Ehn
5-7

"
5~

0-18
0'24
0-25

o-n

"
"

0'21
0'21
0'21

0'21
0-20

0'22
0'22
"
0'22

0-29
0'22

0'24

0-14

0'23

0-16
0'27
0-25

023

023
0'23
"
"
0'23
0'23
"
"

023

0'67

0'83
"
"

"
0'64
0'61
0'6$

090
0'70

"

0-62

0'74

"

0'67

on

0'80
"

0'028 O'OH
O'OH 0'046
0'044 0'021

.
"
.
.

.
.
.

"

0'032 0'018
0'026 0'014

0'037 0'022
0'029 0'024
"

0'035

0'033
"

0'022

002

Iq.

.
"
..

I +1 Hex
2 ....

1f

1.,\
2 ....

"

2i

0'037 0'026

1.,\
I H Hex
I ....

0'20

It

0'019

0'21

"
0'022

"
0-17

0'69
0'56

"

"
"

"
"

0'044 0'027
"
"
"
"

0'041

I Hex
1 t Sq.
it Hex
I t Hex

"

Hex

Ii

"

As Roned

N.880

"

N.880

Ii
H

0'21

0'19

.
.
.
.

21-6
21'0
22'0
21'6
19'6
19'6

Cold Drawn

0'24
0'18
"

0'20
"

N.880
N.880
N.880

"

0'035 0'028

0-22
0'24

0'59

Ii

0'045
"
"

"
"

0'16
0'31
0'23

"
1 dla

N.870
N.880

"

N890
T600
N920
T600
N920 T600 (Cold Reeled)
Cold Drawn

240
216
21'8

35'8
362
32'8

208

32'0

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)
(Z)

32
34
35
33
35
36
32
34
33
17

Izoe!
fdb.

79
87
70
86

67

Ref.

7
"

"
"

"

--- -79
39
83
59

33
31
35
33

7
"

"

...:,

VI

l;'
.,
0-

VI

n'

!l.

-22'8
22'0
224
21-6
232
228
21-6
208
20'2
20'6
204

33'8
32'6
330
33'2
34'8
H'6
32'0

328
335
30'5

31'5

36'0

33
32
32
30
32
33
32
H
36+
3"
38
18

80

81
86
62
47
63
74
60
62
60

7
"
"
"
"
"

"
6
"
"
9

0-

:s

m
~

~
0......

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
T....n.

Ch.mlcal Compooltlon (%)

Procea

of
HUluflcture

ASTH

Grain
Si..

...

Si

Mn

Ni

B.O.H. (51 KIIIecI)

0'24

..

0-23

o-n

0-1133 IHl20

0-21

B.O.H.(51 AI Killed

0-24
0'24
024

0'23
0-20

0-74
0-85
075

0-036 0-036
0-033 0-03

0-20
0-21

B.O.H.
B.O.H. (51 Killed)
B.O.H. (51 Killed)

H<Quald
Ehn
7-8

..

Cr

Section
51..
dia.
(in.)

1n
1I

h\

1n
i

H_t T....tm.nt

0-1%
0-2%
0'5%
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
(O'IR p) (0-2R p) (0-5RP>

"C

Y.P.
(RI )

T.5.
(Rm )

22'0
21'2
22'6
228

34'6
33'6
344
348
405

Tonl/lq.ln.

.
.

N.880

..
Cold Drawn

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

IzocI
ft.lb.

(Z)

32
32
34
34
1H

Charpy
V

ft.lb.

Ref.

..7
..

56
55
68
75

I.

...
til

~
0-25
0-25
0-25
0-25
0-25
0-25

0'15
0-27
0'23
0-18
0-22

0-26
0'26

0-17
0'20

..
..

.
.
.

..

..

.
0'26
.

..
..

.
.
..
..

.
.

..
..

..

..
.
..

0-30

0-70 1Hl33 0-038 0-15

0-84 0-047 0-035 0'21
084 0-042 0-021 0-21
0010
0-48
0-68 0-034 0-022
0-70

0-56
0'50

.
.
.
..
.

..
..
..
..

0'75

..

0'06

.
.
.
..
.
..
..
.
.
.
..
0'044
..
..

0-13
0065 0-03

.
.
.

.
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.

0'050

0'15

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.

..
.

2hq
11 H.x
0'04

0'05

,.
11

H
i

,.,.
.
.
.
.
..
.

....

0'04

.
.
,...

N.860
N.seO

22
224
22-4

N.8l0
N.880
Cold Drawn

19'9

20'2

202
23'6

34'4
36'0
34-2
34'1
36'0
40'0

29
31
30
41
28
16+

56
80
64i

5
8
9

So
til

...:::!.

\:ll:J

V\

::J

N.870
N.8l0
WQ870
WQ.870 T.300
WQ.870 T.400
WQ.870 T.500
WQ.870 T.600
WQ.870 T.700
OQ.8l0

OQ.870 T.300
OQ.870 T.400
OQ.870 T.500
OQ.870 T.600
OQ.870 T.700
N.900
WQ.900
WQ.900 T.300

22'2
22'2
30'4
298
35'5
32'0
28'6
26'1
28'4
28'2
29'3
29'7
26'6
248
24'5
36'0
42'0

34'4
33'7
44-5
43'2
43'9
42'7
398
36'8
36'8
409
40'6
40'3
388
35'7
35'5
57'0
57'0

30
34
23
24
25
26
29
32+
32+
28
27
28
31
33+
32
11
12

58
58i
5H
58
58
60i
64
68i
68
60
61
61
63i
68
59
30
32

50
26
16
13
17
19
21
22
19
19
18
22
23
29
46
13
13

23
18
18
19
22
22
26
26
23
19
23
25
27
43
14
24

5
10

..

..
..
..

..
..

..
.

..

get

I'T1

::J

'"tti
til

;;;

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Ch....ical Composition (%)
P_of
Manufacture

Tensile

ASTH

Grain
Siu

51

Mn

N;

Cr

Section
Size
diL
(in.)

Heat
Treatment

OC

.
..
.
.
.
.
..

0026

..
.
.
..
.
..
..

A.O.H.

..
..

..
..

..
..
..

..
.
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
.
..
..
..
..
..
..

029

.
.

..

..
.
..
..
..

0030

0030

.
..

.
.
.

..
.
.
.
.
.

0008

.
.
..
..
..
..

.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.

0075

.
.
.
..

..
..
..

0047

..
..
..
..

..
..

.
.
..
..
..
..
.
..
..
..

0'71

0'0+4 0'050

.
..
.
.
.
..

..
..

..

.
.
.
.
..
..

CHI27 00032

..
..

.
.

..
..

..
.
..
..
.
..
.
..
..
..
..

..
..
..

..
..

..

..

..
..
..
.
..
..
..
..
.
..
..
..

.
.
.
.
.

0'15

..
..
.
..
..

037

.
..
..
.
..
..
..
.
..
.
..
.
.
.
.

.
.

.
.

0004

Ii

.
.

.
.
.

.
.
.

..

0006

.
.
..
.
.

..
..
..
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
..
.
..
.
..
.
..
..

Ii

..
t

1
2
3

WQ.9OO
WQ.9OO
WQ.9OO
OQ.9OO
OQ.9OO
OQ.9OO
OQ.9OO
OQ.9OO

WQ.850
WQ.850
WQ.850
WQ.850
WQ.850
WQ.850
WQ.850
WQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ'850
OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.850

001%
002%
005%
P.5.
P.S.
P.S.
(OoIRp) (002Rp) (005Rp )

Y.P

(Ra)

T.5.
(R m )

Tonl/sq.in.
T.ofOO
T.500
T.600
T.300
T.ofOO
T.500
T.600

T.l00
T.200
T.300
T.ofOO
T.500
T.600
T.700
Tl00 WQ.
noo WQ
noo WQ.
TofOO WQ.
T500 WQ,
T600 WQ.
T700 WQ
T.600

.... ...
.. ..

Cold Drawn

EI

(%1
(A

38'0
36'0
31'0
28'0
285
30'0
31'0
28'0

$<fO
48'0
43'0
+4'0
+4'0
+4'0
43'0
40'0

15
23
28
25
26
26
27
29

32
32
33
33
33
31
27
25
28
28
28
28
28
28
26
24
27
26
25
24

53
53
53
52
50
47
+4
40
42
42
42
42
41
41
40
38
42
41
40
40

22
22
22

388

24 i

23
24
24
25
27
25
25
25
25
25
25
26
30
24
25
26
27

R.A.
(%)

lzod CharpyV
flb.
ft.lb.

Ref.

(Z)

+4
58

64
55
57
59
60
64

48
49
50
51
52
56
64

"

61
61
61
61
61
6"
64
69
65
64
61
57

26
56
76
31
39
51
65
79

..

31

10

90
25
39
49
67
93

..
..
..
..

"

.
.

---

.
.
.

11

20
27
10
25
50
61
47
48
47
46i
46
46
48
56
62
75
60
42
39

..
..
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
..
..
..
..
..

&'
~
o
~

V\

!!..

9
0-

U"I

:s

.-=.

m
:::s

~
0'<
0'<

EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON 1 A IN. DIAMETER BARS

Chemical Composition (%)

Si

Mn

0'29

0'08

0-47

0027

Ni

Cr

0'032 0'37

0'06

Water Quenched from 8500C

Oil Quenched from 850C

(Ref. 11)
80

~
~

.:: 1>0

:.so

-----

<
v

"

1,../

40

30

./

---

Tensi

drenqfh

~
,'reoq'h

20

10

100

-200

-lOO

T...periog

400
t.mperohu.

FiC4.2.

SOC>

bOO

....

::r
til

.,

0>

~bO

;::;:

en'
::r
VI
....
Q

.,

~
Q
~

""
:40
o

IT!
~

'"~

C1.

til

;;;-

30
.~

!i"

"'-

;;20
,2

10

l:X>

"i.,

~.

50

'C."
---.", ~

<

I,

iO

70I

Ref. 11)

80

100

200

XlO

400

T_rioq

Ie_ralur.

FiC. -f.).

SOC>

DC

bO:>

700

En 4
67

"25" Corbon Steel

EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Chlmical Composition (%)

C

51

Mn

Ni

Cr

0'29

0'08

0'47

0'027

0'032

037

0'06

Oil Quenched from 850C Tempered 600C

(Ref. 11)
80

. 70

::-o

....

bO

... so
~

\
~~

1\
-... \

.......

-..........

Reduction

of

Greo

t"-..

TIns' I

II rlnQth

......

EI0!!9,.Q 00

Y;IJd

Section

lize

FIC 44

tronqth

(inches)

:::I

~
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURE

0CO

(See also En 2. En 3 and En S.)

Chemical CompOSition (%)

SI

Mn

T.nsU.

NI

Mo

Cr

Section Size H..tT....tm.nt TostT.mp.raturo

dia.
(In.)

.
...

0'50

.
..
..

0'60

0-24

0-18

..

0'26

..

0-28

..

R.T.

Normalized

..
..

Y.P.

T.S.

(Ra>

(R m )

EI
(%)

R.A.
(%)

(A)

(Z)

IzocI
fe.lb.

Charpy
K.yhol.
Notch
ft.lb.

R.f.

Tons/sq.in.

0
-48
-90
-1SO

0'5%
P.5
(0'5Rpl

34
39
40
44
56

41
33
32
40
8

12

..
..

...

-i"

::l.

0-25

0-25

0-1%
0-2%
P.S.
P.5.
(0-1Rp) (0'2R p)

..
..
..

0'21

..
..

..
.

.
.
.

.
.

0-037

..

.
.

..

.
.

18'0

18'0

44
49
307
339
352
36'7
54'1

180

.
..
..

0-01

R.T.
-31

As Rolled

..
.
..

..

317

17'9

20
-42

30'4
34'4

39'8
45'6

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

(See also En 2. En 3 and En S.)

-8\

..

....

"

::r

'OJ-

0:>

..

64
62

27

t1)

::!.
....
i;j'

::r
VI
....

Ch.mical Composition (%)

C
0'27

SI

Mn

0-18 0'90 0'030 0'016

Charpy Keyhol. Impact fe.lb. at

Heat
T....tm.nt
C

N.900

30

41
10
8
3

55

-40

..

..

36
22

12

-57

Cold Drawn

0'67

ASTM
Grain
Size

46
40

..

12
14

0-01

0'07

..
.
..
.

N.870

... .. ...

0'01

..

.1

0-04

0'10

0'71

R.T.
-40
20
- 43
-61
-74
-1SO

Cold Drawn

..
0'48
..
.
..

210C -4OOC -60"C -73OC --87"C -101OC

44

31

28

23

21

19

R.f.

1'5

16
16

51
52

23
4

.
.

13

..

..

14

:::I

2-

a-

m
:::I

....
'"
t1)
t1)

0;;

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH

TEMPERATURE

(See also En 2, En 3 En 5).

T....i1.

Chemical Compooition (%)

P_ol
Manulxture

Section Si..
dia.
C

0'25

.
.

SI

0'11

0'58

.
.
.

0'48

0'18

0-27

on

A.O.H.

.
.
.

0'25

....O.H.

Mn

0'60

0'030

0'034

0'08

"C

N.890

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
..

0-10

(in.)

..

H_ T....tment

Cr

0'13

.
..

NI

0'04

..

0'03

.
.

N.870

.
.
.
.
.
.

... plat.

N.880 T.500

LP.

0'2%
0-5%
0'1%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(o-lRpl (0-2R p) (05Rpl

C
15
100
200
250

Test
Temperature

300
..00
500
600
20
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000

20
350
400

..SO

500
550

Y.P.

T.S.

(Rs)

(R m)

(%)
(A)

20'6
187
18'5
19'5
150
139
12'8
7'5

339
35'9
38.7
40'0
387
29'"
20'6
12'2

30
26
18
20
3D!
36
37
6H

63
61
..5
..5
51
65
65

202
n7
22'6
191
18'3
"',9
81

34'1
366
..5'"
405
318
n8
126
5'5
"'7
3'3
2'1

..1
21
17
2..
391
38

6..
64
36
31
62
62
87
92

Ton.'sqin.
177
18'3
13'8
12'0
105
70
..8
2'5

20'6
183
18'2
19'0
""2
10'6
100
5'8

197
16'0
11'5
7'5
8'5
65
2'0

199
21'0
19'6
1"'8

81
7'1
5'8
39

,.....

12'0
69

202
n'2
20'5
16'3
160
13'2
7'2

10'6
10'2
9'8
8'3

EI

661

70

RoA.
(%)
(Z)

I
I

901

"Si

801

80

89

55

32
27

"H

15'1

..

""
("\
Q

tio
~

!!..

--- - -

31-9
33'1

R....

40

76

11

.,.

:1

En 4
70

of the 8ritish Standard E.n steels

Properties

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

(continued)

CREEP

(See also En 2)
Chemical Compooltlon (%)
P..- or
Manufocture

A.a.H.

Si

Mn

025

..
.
..

0'18

.
..
.

0048

..

0'22

0'27

..

..

.
..
.

.
.

Stress to produce crHp rate of

Ni

Cr

O'CK

0'10

.
.

..
.

..

.
..

0030 0'034 0'08

0'60

003

..

H_t Treetment

Test Temperature

N.870

400
500
600

10-S/hr

700

N.880 T.500 AC

400
450
500

..

10-7/hr

.5
.
.

8'0
4'0
1'0
0'8 e

14'0
9'0
5'0

10'8
6.0
3'2

Creep rate between 24 and 72 hr.

STRESS RUPTURE
(See also En 3)

Chemical Compoo/t1on (%)

SI

..
.
.
.
.

0'31

0'30

..
.
.
.
.

Mn

on
..

.
..
.
..

Stress Rupture

TMt
Temperature

OC
467
491
507
538
S55
568

Str. .
Tonl/lq.in.

ITime (hra.)
to Fracture I

8
8
8
4
4
4

1800
10S6
288
1704
456
264

EI

(%)

21
44i
34
17
28
29

Ref.
R.A.

(%)

67
67
51
H
60i
65

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN TORSION

(See En 2. En 3 and En 5)

Ref.

Tonl/lq.;n.

.
.
.
.
.

16

11

..

En4
71

"25" Carbon Steel

FATIGUE PROPERTIES
(See also En 2. En 3 and En 5)
Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Process of
Manufacture

5i

Mn

5ection
5ize
dia.

Heat Treatment

(in.)

A.O.H.

023

0'24 0'56

0'0+4 0027

.
.

0'08 0'86

.
.

.
.
.

.
.
..

.
..

.
..

0'25

'C

0'051

.
.
..

0043

.
.
.

Cold
Cold
Cold
Cold

Drawn
Drawn T.250 AC
Drawn T.~ AC
Drawn T.550 AC

.
.

.
..

Cold
Cold
Cold
Cold

Drawn
Drawn T.250 AC
Drawn T.~ AC
Drawn T.550 AC

L.P.

Y.P
(R s )

T.5.
(R m )

EI

R.A.

(%)

(%)

(Z)

Rotatinl Bend
Fatilue Limit
Tons/sq.in.

Ref.

Tons/sq.in.

N890T600 AC
N920T600AC

20'2
20'6

33'S
30'5

36+
39t

60
62

180
16'3

18'2
20'5
25'0
20'5

26'1
31'2
30'5
27'2

36'2
38'4
379
35'2

21
23
20
28

50
50
53

5~

17'0
17'2
17'0
15-7

17

18'2
20'5
28'1
25'0

36'8
36'6
284

408
40'1
39'9
358

13
15
17
23

53
53
50
53

..
.
.

-0'26

005 0'$4

..

0037 0027

26~

19'1
18'~

190
18'O

.
..
.

17

LIST OF REFERENCES
1. 'nternatlona' Critical Tables of Numerical Data. Physics, Chemistry and Technology. Prepared by the National Research
Council U.S.A. Editor In Chief - E.W.Washburn. 1st Edition, 1926. McGraw-Hili 1926.
2. G. Bullock. Thermal Changes in Steel as shown by Resistivity,}. Iron & Steel Inst., Vol. 183, pp. 362-367. 1956
3. Private correspondence With The United Steel Companies Limited.
4. A. Shelton and H. Ford, The contraction ratio for work-hardening materials, }. Iron & Steel Inst Vol. 182. p. 160. 1956
5. Private correspondence With Firth-Brown limited.
6. British Iron and Steel Research Association, unpublished data.
7. Private correspondence With The Park Gate Iron and Steel Co., Limited.
8. Private correspondence with The Round Oak Steel Works Limited.
9. British Standard 971. Commentary on 8ritish Standard Wrought Steels, En Series. British Standards Institution, London.
1950.
10. Report of The Steel Research Committee founded by the Institution of Automobile Engineers and The Society of Motor
Manufacturers and Traders on an Investigation to Establish the Mechanical Properties of The British Standard Wrought
Automobile Steels. British Engineering Standards Association Report No. 75, 1920.
11. Private correspondence With Edgar Allen and Co., Limited.
12. C.J. Smithells, Metals Reference &ok, Vol. 2. Second Edition, Butterworths, London. 1955.
13. H.W. Gillett. Impact Resistance and Tensile Properties of Metals at Sub-atmospheric Temperatures. ProJect 13 of The
Joint ASME-ASTM Research Committee on The Effect of Temperature on The Properties of Metals. Proc. Am. Soc.
for Testing Materials. Vol. 41. 1941.
14. J.B. Johnson and T. Oberg. Mechanical properties at -40C of metals used in aircraft construction. Metals and Alloys,
Vol 4 pp. 25-30. 1933
15. H. Habart and W. J. Herge, Sub-size Charpy relationships at sub-zero temperatures. Proc. Am. Soc. for Testing
Materials. Vol. 39 pp.649-658. 1939.
16. A. I. Smith, E. A. Jenkinson and D. J. Armstrong, Creep and rupture properties of carbon steels. Inst. Mech. Engrs.
1960, Vol. 174. p. 745.
17. L. Aitchison and W.I. Pumphrey. Engineering Steels. MacDonald and Evans. London. 1953.

En 5

"30" CARBON STEEL

SPECIFICATION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)
C
En 5
En 5K
En 5A
En 5B
En SC
En 50

0'25-0'35
0'25-0'35
0'25-0'30
0'28~'33

0'30-0'35
0'25435

51
005-0'35
0.05~35

0'05~'35
0'05~'35

005-0'35
0'05~'35

Mn
0'60-1'00
0'60-1'00
070-0'90
0'70-0'90
0'70-0'90
0'60-1,00

0060 max
0'050 max
0060 max
0'060 max
0060 max
0'060 max

0060 max
0'050 max
0060 max
0'060 max
0060 max
0'060 max

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Hardened and Tempered

Condition

En 5
En5K

En SA
5B
5C

Normalized

lImltlne rullne section, In.

Tensila st,eneth, Ton./sq.ln. min (R m)
Yield s"eu, Tons/.q.in. (Rs )
02% Proof 5tran. Tons/sq.ln. min (O'lR p)
flonestlon. pe' <ent, min (A)
bod impact, valu., ftlb., min
Brinell Hardn... numbe, (HB)

2i

2i

31
16

25
10
143-193

35
<to
12
18
16
10
12
10
10
10
151-107 179-129

45
31
30
10
<to
101-255

Note

1
1
3

Supplied to a specified tompOiltion only. Mechanical propertl. are nOt part of the
contractual obliea<ions.
Hardened Tempered and Brleht Drawn

Condition
En5D

.orl_

lImltlne rullne uction. In.

Tensile streneth, Ton./sq.ln. min (Rml
f lonkatlon, per cent. min (A)
Ized Impact value, ft.-lb., min.
Brinan hardn_ number max. (HB)

45
10
<to
115

over.
to I
<to
1B
10
129

over

I over 1.

toH
35
15
15
129

toli
35
15
10
129

1. Not to be used u acceptance values except by special arraneement between purchuer and manu
facrurer.

1. En 5K shall comply with these requlremenu when proof Itran tesu are specifically requested In
the enquiry and order.
3. For Information purpoau only, not contnctual

72

part

of the specification.

En 5
"30" Corbon Steel

73

RELATED SPECIFICATIONS

En No.

---

UNITED
KINGDOM

AMERICA

B.S.

S.A.E.

1+49
29

10JO
1033

A.I.S.I. A.F.N.O.R. Werskeoff No.

Cl030
Cl033

SWEDEN

GERMANY

FRANCE

Name

D.I.N.

5.l.S.

17200
172'lO
17100

H.1550
H.1505

1.0651

..

CJ5

1.0530

Se50

SA

H.1505

5B

1030

Cl030

5C

1033

Cl033

---

X 321

--50

C35

1.0530

Se50

17 200
172'lO
17100

C35
C35
Se50

17200
172'lO
17100

H.1550
1 1505

C35
C35
Se50

17200
172'lO
17100

1. 1550
14.1505

1030

Cl030

1.0651
1.0651
1.0530

1030

Cl030

1.0651
1.0651
1.0530

--5K

1.0651

U.S.S.R.
G.O.S.T.
1050~

Mark
JOG

380~

BSe6

1050~

50S8-57

JOG
24G

1050~

30G

1050~

30G

1050~
380~

1050~

380~

30G
BSe6
30G
BSe6

APPLICATIONS
Suitable in either the normalized or hardened and tempered conditions for moderately stressed parts reqUiring
higher strength than mild steel but where toughness Is more Important than high tensile strength, e. g. general purpose
automobile forgings, bolts, nuts, studs, brackets, levers, clamps, selector forks, spanners, sockets, etc.
En 5K Is used where transverse strength Is an Important factor In design.

WELDING
(See Introduction for key to symbols used In this table)
Weldin. P _
En No.

Description
M.A.

En 5
En 5K

"30" Carbon Seeel

c

G.

I.G.

S.

F.

cx

ex

B.

Reproduced by kind permihion of H.M.S.O.

MACHINABILITY
The machinability of this steel Is less than that of mild steel (En. 3), approximately 80% in the normalized condition
and 70% when hardened and tempered to 35-45 Tons/sq.in. tensile strength.

En 5
74

Properties of the British Standard En steels

HOT WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES

Forging, Rolling and Stamping
Annealing
Normalizing
Subcritical annealing
Hardening
Tempering

12000 C Finish
860 - 890C
860 - 890C
650 - 700C
860 - 890C
550 - 660C

above 850C
Furnace Cool
Air Cool
Air Cool
Oil or Water quench
Air Cool

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (d)
Process of

Manufacture

Chemical Composition (%)

ASTM
Grain
Size

..

Si

Mn

0'28
0'31

010
0'25

075
070

2-4

B.O.H.

C':

0'22
005

0'05

1i

..

Ni

Section
Size
dia
(in.)

0'033 0'018

..

Heat Treatment
C
N.870
N.880
OQ.880T650

S.G. at
200C

Ref.

786
7'83
7'85

1
1

SPECIFIC HEAT (e)

Procesl of
Manufacture

A5TM
Grain
Size

..

2....

031

B.O.H.

..

Chemica~

Si

Composition (%)

Mn

.. ..

..

..

Section

Ni

Cr

..

..

Size
dia
(in.)

Heat Treatment

N.880
OQ.880.T650

025 0'70 0'033 0'018 005 0'05

..

'C

..

Mean Specific Heat, Calli del C.

20 to 20 to 20 to 10 to 10 to 20 to
200C 300C 4OQOC 500"C 600"C 6500C
0'120 0125 0131
0'120 0'125 0'131

0'136 0141
0'136 0.141

0144
0'144

Ref.

..

MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION (ee)

Procesl of ASTM
Grain
Manufacture Size

..

B.O.H.

..

2....

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Si

..

025 070

0'31

..

Mn

..

Ni

Cr

0'05

0'033 0'018 0'05

..

..

Size
dia.
(in.)

Heat Treatment

10' XMean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

per del C

20 to 20 to 20 to 20 to 20 to 20 to 20 to
l00C 200"C 300C <tOO"C 500"C 600"C 650 C

N.880
OQ.880T650

Section

..

12'1
127

124
12'9

13'2
133

137 142 14'5

13'8 14'3 14'6

147
148

Ref.

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (e)

Procell of
Manufacture

B.O.H.

..

ASTM
Grain
Size

2....

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Si

Mn

Ni

Section

Cr

022
0'28 0'20 075
0'31 0'25 0'700'033 0'018 0'05 0'05

..

..

. ..

Size
dia.
(in.)

1.

..

Heat

Treatment

C
N.870
N.880
OQ.880T650

Electrical Resistivity, microhm em

Ref.

1200C 1000C 200"C 3000C 4OQOC 500"C 600C 650C

18'0
19'5
18'8

237 310 396

228 30'1 38'5

50'0
48'5

61-5
60'6

740
74'2

90'0
82-5

1
2

En 5
7S

"30" Carbon Steel

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (k)

Chemical Composition (%)
C

SI

Mn

Ni

0'28

0'20

0'15

0'22

Heat
Treatment
c

N.810

Thermal Conductivity at
20C Cal/cm dec C

Ref.

0'12

YOUNG'S MODULUS (E). SHEAR MODULUS (G). AND POISSON'S RATIO (0)

Procea of
Manufac
ture

ASTM
Gnin
Size

Chemical Composition (%)

SI

Mn

. .
. .
. .
. .
.. .
.. .
.. .
. .

.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.. .
. .
. .
. ..
. .
.. .
. ..
. .

Ni

SllCtion
Size Hut Treatment
dia.
(in.)
Cr
C

.
.
..
.
.
..
.
.
.
.

.
..

0'31 0'1$ 013 0'035 002<4 0'01 00<4

..
..
..
..

..

..
.
.

.
..
. ..
2...... 0'31 0'25
. . ..
0'33 0'16
. ..

.'

.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..

.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
..
..
.

.
.
.

- 0'11
.
.
.
. - - .
0'10 0'033 0'018 0'05
.. . . .

.
..

0'31 0'30 0'66

B.O.H.

..

.
.
..

..

..

A.86O FC

..

.
..
.
.

OQ.86O T650

.
..
.

0-05

012

.
.
.
.
.

At Rolled

..

001

.1
.
.
.
.
.
.

1i
.
-

T_
Temperalure
C

YounC'1 Modulul
Tonl/lq.ln.
Static Dynamic

30
-040
-120
-152
-181
-196
19
-60
-120
-191
18
-60
-120
-191

13,200
13.390
13.520
13.1040
13.890
13.980
13.390
13.650
13,700
"'.610
13,260
13,610
13.930
"'.110

20
200

<400

13.300
12,600
11,200

600
20
20
20
20

13,<450
13.600
13.360
13,3040

..
..

N.880

N.88O
OQ.88O T.650
N.925
OQ.BSO T.600

Shear
Modulul Poluon'l
Tonl/lq.in.
Ratio Ref.

13.900
13,200
12.200
10.800

Static

,..

.1

5,250
5.325

.
.
1
.
3
.

0'219
0'218

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Chemical Compoaltlon (%)
C

Si

Mn

0'26
0'31

0'27
0''''

0'19
0'61

000f0 0'030
0'0<48 000f0

..

Heat Treatment
Ni

0'21

C
N875
At Rolled
A.BSO

Moenetlc Induction B (cauu) for Moenetlzlnc Field of H (oomed)Ref.

H-l0

6200
6300
10300

20

040

50

60

12200

,..900

15600
1<4800
15160

16200

100

150

200

250

11300

18000

19350

18600
19100
19000

2
1

..

En 5
76

of the British Standard En steels

Properties

TRANSFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS
ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION
Chemical Composition (%)

Si*

Mn

O'30

0'46

O' 75

0'040 0'026

Note lilicon content is out of specification

Grain Size 7 -8 ASTM

Austenitizing temperature 900C

(Ref. 4.)

80 0

70 0

A
.-

,- ./

bO 0 ,I
I
/
I ,

,-

1/
II

~A+F+C
,~o

I
\
\
\

I
400
I

"

V
V

A+F
?
/'

- - --..--- ---- ---

----- - _I-------

--

I--

I
I

F+(

\j

'\

)00

""

'-...

, ,
,
,

-- ---- -- -- -

, ,

200

10 0

Sec.

10

20

40 I

Min.

Duration

10
of

isothermal

20

40 I

treatMent

Hr.

10

201

Oay.

"30" Carbon Steel

HARDENABILITY
END QUENCH HARDENABILITY

Chemical Composition (%)

51

Mn

0,31

0'23

on

NI

Cr

Mo

0,037 0014 0'16 0'07 0'02

Basic Open Hearth

Actual Grain Size: 5-7 (3-4) ASTM

McQuaid Ehn Grain Size 3-'4 ASTM

N.900oC End Quenched 875C

(Ref. 5)

bO
50
As quenched.

\
~ 30

\,

120

.............

10

0-2

0'4

--- -

~-

Ob

08

10

12

Ib

I"

2-0

2'2

2.

Distonce from woter quenched end of bor (in).

FIC5.2.

End Quenched 87SoC Tempered 6500C

15

"-

Tempered

'-

02

1>50C

" "" --- ..

............

04

01>
Distance

(Ref. '5)

12

0"

10

from

water quenched end of bar (in).

FIC. 5.3.

11>

!8

20

22

2'4

En 5

En S
78

Properties

of

the British Standard En steels

END QUENCH HARDENABILITY

(continued)
Chemical Compolition (%)
C

5i

Mn

0'31

0'25

0'70

0'033

Ni

0'018 0'05

Cr

0-05

Basic Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn Grain Size 2-4 ASTM
End quench from 880C

500

400

:I:

""
~

(Ref. 6)

300

200

01

'"

I-- t---

0'2 O'J b:~ 05 O,b 07

b

10

0'8
12

bel

I' o 1'\
Ib

I~

18

1'2

1-,4 ',5 I'b 17

IJ

20

22

1'8 IAl 2p

2b

JO

l2

Inche,
Silt.enthl

Di,tance from quenched end of bar

FIC5....

HARDNESS TRAVERSE CURVES

500

2~"

~50

Chemical Composition (%)

C

5i

Hn

0'3

0-25

070

Ni

Cr

0'033 0'018 0'05

005

Basic Open Hearth

McQuaid

-s.
..

350

"o

:I:

lOa

250

'-....,

Ehn Grain Size: 2-4 ASTM

Oil Quenched from 88O"C

200

150

\ \J I

400

(Ref. 6)

'I."
It."
.-Yr4
\

15

II

lJl
V
/'
I

1\ \
'-V

"-.....r-as

05

Didance frolll untre of &ar

Fic. 5.5.

10

I .5

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Process of Manufacture

ASTM
Grain
Size

Si

Mn

02S

0'23

0'6'1

0'031

.
.

0,26
0'26
0'26

0,23
0,21
0,23

0,8'1
0,79
0,8'1

0'030 0,032
0,03'1 0'025
0,030 0'032

B.O.H. (AI Killed)

B.O.H. (Si Killed)
B.O.H. (SI&AI Killed)

0'27
0'27
0'27

0'15
0'23
027

0'80
0,72
088

0'030 0,033
0'030 0'037
0026 0,030

B.O.H. (Si Killed)

0,28
0'28
0'28
0'28
0'28
0'28
0'28

B.O.H. (Si Killed)

B.O.H. (Si & AI Killed)
B.O.H. (Si Killed)
B.O.H. (Si. Mn &AI Killed)
B.O.H. (Si & AI Killed)

0,22
0,22
0'23
0'20
0'15
0'22
0,23

Ni

Heat Treatment

(in.)

DC

T.S.

(R s )

(R m )

EJ
(%)
(A)

RA
(%)

(Z)

Izod
fdb.

Ref.

Tons/sq.in.

N.880

22,0

35,2

30

'II

0,20
0,17
0,20

3f

NB60
As Rolled
As Rolled

210
22'4
20'4

35'2
35,0
34'8

30
33
29

47

0'18

19,6
20'04
20'04

3'1'0
42'8
366

29
29
32

1
0'25

0'83
0'70

0'024
0'039
0029
0'017
0,021
0'024
0023

0'15
0,21
0,17
0'21
0'20
0''''

0021
0051

0029
0025

0'17
0'20
0,19
0'15

on

Section
Sire
di.

Y.P.

Ii

0'018

0,026
0032
0'038
0'050
0'030
0026
0'030

0'83
080
0'83
0,62

Cr

0-1%
0-5%
0'2%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(o-lR p (0'2R p) (0'5Rp )

11

0'08

H
H
H
3f
Hi1.

--

.
.

0,29
0'29

0'25
0'25

08'1
0,73

B.O.H. (Si & AI Killed)

B.O.H. Si Killed)

0'29
0-29

0'25
0'22

070
0,87

0038 0024
0040 0031

0,25

..

0,94

0,032 0025

029
029
029
0,29

0,25
0,24
023
0,23

08'1
080

0,30

022

B.O.H. (5i & AI Killed)

..

.
.
.

B.O.H.(Si Killed)

McQuaid
Ehn
6-7

..

0'29

..

..

0,80

0021
0'032
0,031
0,03'1

0,029
0,023
0,018
0,023

076

0,024 0-022

on

0,07
0'12

.. ..

0,21

..

0'17 0,07
022
016
0,21 0'08

11

Ii
3f
Ii

1,\

1,\
It

1
1 (hex)
It

11
5

..

-AI Rolled
N'860
AI Rolled

AI Rolled
As Rolled
N.B60
N.860
N.870
OQ.860 T.650
N.B60

20'8
22,0
20'4
22'0
21'2
25'8
23'6

35'2
35'8
3'1'0
36,0
36'6
39'0
37'6

30
30
27
29
30
30
28

As Rolled
N.B60
N.B60
N.B60
N.B60

22'04
23'0
21'6
22'4
23'2

40'4
36,0
36'0
35'4
368

29
32
29
31
30

N.llbO
N.880
N.880
OQ.870 T.620
OQ.B60 T.640
N.860

24'0
22'4
24'0
29,0
260
220

37'4
376
38'0
041'6
38'6
36'4

30
30
33
31
31
31

204...

360

29

N.850

8
33

..

--

.
.

8
40
46
27
63

....

--

B.O.H. (Si Killed)

60

....

..
...
7

!!.

..
..

58
43
61
94

.
.
.
..
..
..

55

:::J

--

37
69

92

~
ti-

--- - 7

--..I

'-D

m
~

'"

:s

\II

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
CD

Tensile
Process of Manufacture

B.O.H (Si & AI Killed)

B.O H. (Si Killed)

Chemic:al Composition (%)

ASTM
Grain
Size
McQuaid
Ehn

SI

7-B

0'31
0'31
0'31
0'31
0'31
0'31
0-31
0'31
031
0'31
0'31

016
0'25
0'11
0'10
0'23
0,'"
0'23
0''''
0''''
023
0'11

B.O.H. (Si & AI Killed

B.O.H. (Si & Ai Killed)
A.O.H.
A.O.H.
A.O.H.
B.O.H.

.
.
..
.
.
.
.

5-7

..

..

.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
..
.
..
.
..
..
..
..

...

031

..

.
.
..
.
.

..
..
..

.
.

..
..
.
..

..
..
..

..
..

Mn

..
..
..

.
..
...
.

0'14

..
.
..
.
..

.
.
..
.

0-87 0'03..
087 0'031
0'70 0'01
065 O'OH
075 0'036
0'67 0'0<48
066 0'031
079 0'036
079 0'036
076 0037
0'58

..
..
..

..
.
.

..

..

..

.
.
.

..

0'17
0-19

H
H

0'11
0'18
0'21

.
.
..

.
.

..

.
..
...

..

0'026 0'023

..

.
.

.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

.
..

..
..

.
..
..
..

0'038
0'016
0018
0031
0030
0'0<40
0022
0033
0033
0-01..

..
.

(in.)

Ni

..

0'65

Heat Treatment

.
.

..
.
.

..

Section S;1e
dia.

.
.

.
..

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
.
..
..
..
..

.. . . .

0'16

Cr

It

2
0'07

It
It
1

.
.
..
.
.
.
.

It

1
1

As Rolled
As Rolled
JIu Rolled
N.860
N.880
N.8S0
N.860
N.850
OQ.850 T.600
OQ.87S T.6S0
WQ.850
T.loo
T.2oo
T.3oo
T.400
T.SOO
T.6oo
T.7oo

..

.
..
..
.

JIu Rolled

..

.i
.
1
.
..
..
..
..
2
.
..

. ..

..

A.85O
N.930

..

..

..

WQ.870 T.5<40
T.600
T.650
T.loo
T.320
T...30
T.5<40
T.600
T.650
T.5<40
T.600
T.650
T.5<40
T.600
T.650

....

...
..
..

.
.
.
.
..

...

0'1%
P.S.
(0'1
Rp)

0'5%
P.S.
(0'5
Rp)

Y.P.

T.S.

(R s)

(R m)

EI
(%)
(A)

27'6
35'1
H'6
3"'6
33'7
35'2
32'6
16'"
15'9

..3'"
39'"
38..
38'2
371
35'2
37'2
39'6
....9
36'9
51'2
..97
49'5
48'2
50'3
<46'6
42'5
37'6

13
15
30
23
32
30t
29
28i
26i
3H
16
17i
19 i
11
17
23i
26
2Si

22'3
22'1
22'3
22'3
n'l
21-0
33'5
28'6
27'7
415
<40'2
37'5
30'6
28'1
27'5
28'5
156
25'3
1"'5
1+3
nl

35'7
30'0
34'6
33-7
33'0
31'"
..08
39'3
38'1
5..5
51'8
"7'8
39'3
38'0
37'7
38'6
37'"
35-7
36'0
359
331

R.A.
(%)

11oc1
ft.lb.

Ref.

(Z)

Tons/sq.in.

..
..

1
1

0'1%
P.S.
(0'1
Rp>

207
23'5
275

11'6
15'1
238
23'6
2....

31
31
32
32
19 i
2H
28
29
30
18
19
23
28
19
28 i
28
19
30
32
32

..

8
35

5H
5Si
6H
70 i
..2

....

32
50

<46
"3i
55
5H
62

83
23
31
36
<40
H
69
78
89

55
58
61
61
59
56
58
70
70t
..7
52
60
68i
71
8H
66
69
71
68
68i
71

55
51
70
69
63
61
88
94
99
8
17
86
92
98
101
93
100
105
95
96
100

"3i

....

7
8
8
1
7
9
9
10
10

..
..
..

..
..

.
..
.

11

..
..

..
..

.
.
.
.
..
.
.
..
..
..

..
..

-i.....

"0

~.

So
tt

l:lC>
~

'"

:;,..

....
g-

...
~

::J

Q"

ITt

::J

'";tt

;;;-

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Ch....lcal Composition ('Y")
" - of
Manufacture

ASTH
GralA

Size

McQuaid
Ehn
1 ......

..
.
.
..
.

....

B_O.H. (Si Killed)

.
.
..
.

A.O.H.

Accu.1
6
4
4
3
2
2

..

A.O."'.

Tensile

Si

I1n

0'70

0'033

.
.
..

.
..
..
.
.

0')1
0'32
0'32
0032
0-32
0032
0-32

0'26
0'15
0'27
0'23
024
0'25
0'24

0'78
0'80
0'85
0'80

0'32

0'24

.
..

.
.
..

0-32

015

.
..
.
.

.
.

0'26

Ni

.. .. ...

.
.
..
.
.

0'31

0'018

0'05

.
.
.

.
.
.

0'80
0'97

0'027
0'036
0'032
0'030
0'033
0'036
0'018

0'018
0'031
0'021
0032
0'031
0'031
0'027

0'17
0'19
0016
0'19
0-19
0'19
0'16

0'61

0'033

oon

on

.
.
.

.
.
.

0'68

..
.

..
..
.
..
.

0033

Cr

..

0'05

.
.
.
.

(in.)

q.

N.880

f
H
2t

.
.

0-12

2 ....
1t

If
It

1i

0'05

0'02

T.S.

(R s )

(R m)

T.570
T.S90
T.650
T.650

As Rolled

N.860
N.860
N.860
N.860

11-6
11.8
3500
18'8
15'8
n'4

11'8
no
35-6
29'6
16'0
n'8

EI
(%)
(A)
4fA

no
no
36'2
30'0
16'0
2l'3

A
(%)

(Z)

!zod

Ref.

40
38
80
75
42
36

fc.lb.

50

31 t
31
15
18
31
30

244
n'6
n'8
27'2

37'4
37'4
41'6
38'6
38'0
37'8
45'4

29
29
24
30
30
30
23

50
37
43
30

.
.
.
.
..

26'0

42'0

31

56

10

24'0

415

31

55

12

n'2

40'6

32

55

23'1

41'7

29

55

19
9

no

27
27

n
2l
26
15

60t
57
67
67
69
65

31

56

15'8

41'2

32

6"

N.84O
OQ.840 T.575 AC

21'0
26'0

371
4103

32t
30t

58
63

oo.... T....
Drawn

45'1

48'4

22

67

42'4

45-7

21

57

0'82

032

075

It

Co"l

WQ.860 T.660 Cold

Drawn

---

405

0'32

.
..
8

23'0

1f

.
.

362
3600
46'4
41'6
39'1
39'0

.
..
.

Y.P.

Tons/sq.in.

OQ.880
OQ.880
OQ.880
OQ.880

001%
0'5%
001%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(OolR p ) (O'lR p ) (005R p )

A.lhr.9800Q.8501hr
T.550 lhr AC
A.2hrl000 OQ.850
1 hr T.550 lhr AC
A.8hr 1000 OQ.850
lhr T.550 lhr AC
A.24hr.l000 OQ.850
lhr T550 lhr AC
A.4hr 1200 OQ.8~
lhr T550 lhr AC
OQ.850 T.5S0 lhr AC

.
.

H..c T....tmenc

1t

.
.

0'037

Section Size
dla.

24

~
n
Q

tJg

V\

!!..

.
..
.

.
.

9
12

co

m
::::s

U't

:s

\II
~
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)

Section

Grain
Size

Proce.. of
Manufacture

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

ASTH

McQuaid
Ehn

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Size
dia.

Heat Treatment

(in.)

B.O.H. (AI Killed)

B.O.H. (Si & AI Killed)

.. ..

0'33
0'33
0'33

0'16
0'24
017

0'80 0'035 0'024

0'64 0'022 0'020
on 0'028 0'023

0'17
0'15
0'18

033
0'33
0'33

0'22
0'10
016

0'90
0'66
0'72

0'038 0'033
0'035 0'035

0'22

0'12

0'66

0'044 0'022

B.O.H. (Si Killed)

A.O.H.

0'33

.
.
.
..
.

.
.
.

..
..

..

.. .
.
.

.
..

..
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.

..

..

..
..

...

..

.
.
.

...
.
..
..

.
.
.
.

Tr

11

lt
2....

.1

.
..
..
..
.

..

..
..

...

..
..

.
..
..
.
.

0'032
0'036
0'032
0'027
0'030
0'028

0'31
0'030
0031
0'024
0'028
0'024

..
..

..

It

..
.
..
.
.
.
.
.

Y.P
0'1%
0'2%
0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O'lR p ) (0'2R p ) (0'5R p) (R s )

As Rolled

N.860
N.860
N.860
N.86O
N.870
N.925
OQ.850 T.600

.
..

.
...
..

.
.
..
.

EI
(%)
(A)

(R m)

R.A.
(%)
(Z)

Izod
ft.lb.

Ref.

Tons/sq.in.

A.825
N.830
OQ.800 T.400
.. T.500
.. T.600
.. T.700
OQ.850 T.600
.. T.700
WQ.850 T.l00
.. T.l00
T.2OO
.. T.300
.. T.400
.. T.500
.. T.600
.. T.700

T.S.

224
266

thr
thr
thr
thr
ihr
ihr
lhr
lhr
lhr
lhr
lhr
lhr
lhr

21'3

22'8
26'7
20'8
22'0
24'4

18'7
19'8
24'2
25'8
26'3
22'2
27'3
235
29'5
29'5
29'5
31-5
34'3
31'6
297
217

402
393
37'6
374
41'4
36'6
37'0
402

27
35
33
28
24
25i
33
32

55
62
66

322
320
362
378
372
32'5
37'2
338
482
472
483
489
48'2
42'3
39'5
32'5

32
31
31
29t
31
34
29
32
20
22
23
23i
21
25
27
34

54i
61i
6H
64i
67
69t
6H
69t
49t
56
60
58
60i
63i
69
70

..
..

.g

1
3

o
-...

.1
.
.
.
.
.
.

.,l:V

..

8
32
36
31
36

..
.

..

..
.
.
..
..

--B.O.H. (Si Killed)

B.O.H. (Si & AI Killed)
B.O.H. (Si & A' Killed)
B.O.H. (Si AI & Mn Killed)
B.O.H. (Si & AI Killed)
B.O.H. (Si Killed)

5-7

0'34
0'34
0'34
0'34
0'34
0'34

0'22
025
(1024
0'14
0'20
0'26

0'80

on

080
0'79
0'62
0'79

0'18
0'25
0'18
0'18
0'30
018

It
It
It

It
1
1ft

As Rolled
As Rolled
As Rolled
N.880
N.860
OQ.860 T.640

23'6
22'8
22'0
23'0
22'8
27'4

43'0
39'8
390
39'2
38'0
41'6

24
27
28
28
30
30
I

36
35
84

.8
.
.

..

.,...<D

n'

'"

So
<D

::.:
c;;.

::J-

...

VI
Q

::J

0-

::J

::;
'"
<D

;;;

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Ten.ile

Chemical Composition (%)

Procea of
Manufactu re

ASTH
Grain
Size

Si

Mn

0-34
0-34

.
.
.

.
.

Ni

Cr

(in.)

035 0'24
035 014
0-35 on

0-80
OBS
0'60

0'35

0'7$

H_t Tr_tment

0'82
074

B.O.H. (51. AI Killed)

Section
Size
dia.

0'19
0'20
0'24

..

1t
H

EI (%) R.A. (%)

(A)
(Z)

(R m )

41'2
29'1
29'2

Izod
ft.lb.

Ref.

44'4
41'8
41'4

2"
28+
31

62
95
98

..
.

12

41'8
424
40'8
37'4
41'4

n'8
22-8
23'2
no
29'2

At Rolled
At Rolled
N.860
N.860
OO.8S0 T.6SO

Ii
Ii

T.S.

Ton./.q.in.

OQ.860 T.660 Cold Drawn

00.860 T.6S0
00.860 T.650

H
H
0'038 0'017
0'033 002S
0'040 0029

Y.P.
0'2%
0'5%
0'1%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O-1R p) (0'2R p ) (o-SR p) (R,)

23
25
22
30
31

25
32
98

.8
.
.
12

~
&'

g:::s
V\

l;

!!..
EFFECT OF COLD WORK
ASTM
McQuaid
Ehn
Grain
Size
4-5 (Some 3)

Chemical Compo.ition (%)

..
.

0'34

..
..

Si

013

.
.
.

Mn

.
.

0'84

.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

0050 0'033

Section
Size
dia.

Heat
Tr.atment

(in.)

1'20

Hot Rolled
Normalized
N+CD3%
N+CD 11%
N+CD 19"/0

Tentile

0'5%
0'1%
0'2%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O'IR p ) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

T.S.

Ton./tq.in.

24'4
32'8
37'2

26'3
36'8
41'2

212
21-8
28'5
39"
45'2

EI(%)
(A)

(R m )

39'0
38'2
39'8
43'6
480

4VA

50

33
33
30
21
16

28+
27 +
24
26+
12 +

Izod
ft.lb.

29
37
12

8
7

Ref.

.
.
.
.

13

m
:::s

U't

m
:::s

U"I
~
EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 1" DIA BAR

(Ref. 1)
80

70I

bOI

l---

----

-- ~

c!

.~

"j

.......

lOi)

..--

.'"

Tensile strenqth

~
I

~I'>

............

EIOnqat~

L----

'"b

;::t

if

Chemical Composition (%)

033

5i
0'12

Mn
0'66

0'044 0'022

So

III

tll:I

:::!.

::r

<1:

~Itrenqth

:--

.~

if
::s
g.

Elonqalion

it

Yield slrenqlh

l'T1

::s

g'"

C;;

10)

\00

~ionof
or.o

y~

---

20)

-----

I--

b0

~o

J! 40I

:>

~dUCliOn
of
or.a

200

lOO

400

SOO

Temperinq Tempora"'reC

FiC. 5.6.

Water Quenched from 8SO"C

. --

bOO

700

JOO

400

SOO

bOO

Temp.rinq Temperotur.oC

FIC5.7.

Oil Quenched from 800"C

700

800

EFFECT OF MASS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

100

401

301~u;n1

- I---

...--

Izod

'10)

80)

Elonqotion

21

70)

Red~clion

..:

a..a

.,.

.::

10

.,. bO

.E

...
u

.,,' SO

,~ SO

<T

1:
d"

~
0

of

40

40

Tensile streng th

30/

20

10'

~~~Aa~tren~th
I

r,a, diameter
Fie 5.8.

Normalized

(in)

I"
I

30)

20)

--

--

e;o

:3

V'l

---

I----

!!..
Tensile Itrenqth
Elonqation

I
y.. ld I"...th

.S

Section Ii.. (in)

Fie. 5.9.

Water Quenched

These curves have been constructed (rom data obtained (rom several casts o( En 5

00
VI

m
~

U'I

:J

U1
~

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURES

'roc... of
Manufacture

Grain

Size

McQuaid
EM

..
..

51

0031

0015

035

"

..

B.O.H.

2 .....

..

"

..
.

.
"

..
"

Tenlile

Chemical Composition (%)

"5TH

0'31

"

"

Mn

NI

Cr

" .. ...
... ..
.. .. ..
" ....
"
..

073

0'035 0'024

007

0'04

"

"

"

"

Section
Size
dia.

Heat Treatment

(in.)

"
"

"
..

"..

..

"

0-70

.."

.
"

A.860 F.C.

"
"
"

OQ.860 T.650

"
"

0'033 0'018

"

0'05

0005

,.
"

"
"

-40

-70
-120
-152
-187
-196
R.T.
-60
-120
-196
R.T.
-60
-120
-196

Y.P.
(RJ

T.5.
(R m )

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

Ref.

(Z)

Tonl/lq.;n.

OC
R.T.

0'5%
P.S.
(0'5R p)

28'9
31'S
33'9
41'4
41'6
58'9
64'0
19'5
26'3
35'2
59'2
29'3
373
45'2
68'1

29
33'5

27'6
34'3

29'4
34'0

422
45'4
60'8
64'8
21'4
269
35'6

39'8
45'2
58'1
624
207
2$'2
32'3

28'8
37'2
458
68'4

285
341
425
63'6

42'3
45'6
60'1
65'7
21'6
270
35'0
52'2
29'6
372
46'5
684

39'6
430
45'0
50'5
$4'5
62'8
66'0
33'1
38'4
434
62'1
42'7
477
54'1
68'3

32
30 i30 i30 ivi26 i15
36 i38
35
1
2Si
28 i29 i8

56
60
56
53
52t
46
16
61
54
52
2
66i65
62 i9 i-

14
"
"

..,
.g
..,.....

"

"

..
"

"

"

C1)

..,ii'

.....
::r
C1)

..,0>

;:;
C;;.
::r

..

V\

"

Q..

.....
Q
~

..,
Q

Q..

.
.

Normalized

10

..
..

0025

,.. Rolled

0'01% 0'1%
0'2%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
T.tTemperuure
(O'OlR p) (O"R p) (002RP>

N.880

R.T.
- 42
-74
-105

R.T.

"
"

-72

..

-72

OQ.880 T.650

-196
R.T.
-196

28
30
32
37

21'6

21'8

22'0

2$'8

260

26'0

29
59'6
28

40
45
48

31
32
33
32

62
58
58
57

15
"

36'2
41
55
39'2
42
61'S

31i
33
1i
31
34
1

6Oi53
3
69
63
5

16

44

"

.
..

.
.
"

",
~

..,.....
C1)

!!..
..,

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

(Ref. 6)
Chemical Composition (%)
C

031

Si

025

Mn
070

0033

0018

Ni

Cr

005 005

Basic Open Hearth.

McQuaid Ehn grain size 2-4 (ASTM):

100

; bOI

~ .co
~

,e

..:

20I

-40

of

/J

V
....-/

o-

1
-=-

75I

~
:l

:t

.-

=CharPl

25i

V notch

&= Perc.ntaq. fibrous

fractur.

--

80

restinq temperature C.

FiC. 5.10.

._-

120

160

50)

.tf

.t:

40

r:

100)

V
A

I--A

ao

~
i3-

;5

&

v/

80I

H' dia bar Oil quenched 880C T. 650C

H' dia bar Normalized 880C

-40

?V
o

IV

.--

&

-A

A=ChorP1 V notch
B

=P.rc.ntoq.

40

80

fibrous
froctur.

120

IbO

Ttinq te..p.ro t.... c

FiC. 5.11.

:::s

VI

m
::s
UI
~

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

Tensile

C"'mical Composition (%)

p_or
Manufacture

ASTM
Grain
Size

SI

0'32

..

..
.
..
..

.
..

8.0.H.

..
..

..

....
..

2-4

0'15

..

..
..
..
..

Section
Size
dia.

H.t
T...tment

Test
Tem pe ratu re

(in.)

0'65

N.900

..
..

..
.
..

Hn

.
.

..
..

..

..... .. .. ..
..
. .. ..

0'31

027

..
..
..
..
..

0'25

..
..
..
..
..

0'18

..

Cr

NI

0'70

0'033 0'018

..

.
..
.
.

005

..

.
.
.
.

0'05

..

..
.

..

..

..
..

..
..
.

..
..

N.880

OQ.880T650

..

..
..

..
..
..
..
..

N.MO

0'63

..
.
..

..

20
300
350
400
450
500

LP.

0-05%
P.5.
(0'05

Rp )

0-1%
P.5.
(0'1

0'2%
P.5.
(0'2

Rp )

Rpl

0'5%
P.5.
(0'5

Rp )

Y.P.

T.s.

(Rs>

(Rm )

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.

(%)
(Z)

Cha""
.db.

..

R. ,

Tons/sq.in.
19'5
140
11'0
80
68
5'5

21'6
21'1
135
12'4
64
5'5
25'8
25'6
15'1
14'0
6'5
7'4
loading rate

R.T.
300
600
R.T.
300
600

34'9
39'0
37'3
339
29'1
25'1

21'0
17'0
159
13'1
11'1
103
loading rate 1 Tonlsq.in. min

R.T.
100
200
300
400
-450
500

33
2Si
2H
35
33
3H

.
.
.
.
.

58

+It

55
64
67
6H

--- -

21'8
22'0
15'2
18'0
7'3
8'4
26'0
26'0
16'7
19'3
85
99
1 Tonlsq.in. min

36'2
39'4
11'6
39'2
411
16'2

17
15
125
11
10
10
95

30
30
30
30
28
23'5
20

315
28'0
61'0
31'0
28'0
59'0

60'4
+1'0
90'0
688
+1'0
90'0

.
.
.
..
.

32
34
37
39
38
H
38

52
55
59
62
6-4
63
65

14

22

18
16

.
.
.

0'23

..
..

..

0'33

..
..
..

..
..
.
..

.
..

0'70

..

.
.

0029 0031

..

..

006

..

017

. ..... .... .....

. ... .... ....
.. .. .. .
. .. . ..

..
..
..

.
..
.
.
.
..
..

"'.610

..

R.T.
200
2-45
300
350
400
-450
500
550

10'2
10'0
9'0
87
7'5
7'0
5'2
3'5

140
15'0
13'9
14'9
12'9
14'1
132
14'5
139
15'1
11-7
12'8
100
11'2
77
89
loading nte

16'0
18'4
16'2
18-4
15'6
18'1
159
186
16-4
18'4
159
14'1
12'5
14'2
99
115
1 Tonlsq.in. min

20'0

35'6
33-4
3-4'5
359
34'7
32'0
26'3
21'6
165

28

lat

20
16
17
33t
33t
-40
41

+I

36
H
22
14
56
48

sat

70

~:4

(D'

'"o

""'So"
tD

.,

CD

::r
'"
~

.
.
.
.
.
.

32
30
28
26

"t)

.1
..
..

.
.
.
..
..

::s

go

a.

ITt

::s

....
'"tD
tD

;;;

En 5
89

"30" Carbon Steel

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

Chemic.1 Compo,ition (%\

Si

Mn

0'27

018

0'63

Normalized 840C

-----u

70

bO

---

Reduction of orea

- -c::: - - -- -- - --I

I
,

20

,,

--.

---,

100

.........

"~

--- --

200

I
I

Elonqatian

IV

1
- - ___ 1

10

(Ref. 14)

300
Temperature C

Fi,.5.12.

~T'''ilc'1,

I'-...

,tIa

I ~ ~c""""
,

0= '""of._

~oO

100

::I

U'I
cg

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN TORSION

Tensil.

Ch.mical Composition ("10)

Proc_ of
Manufacture

Section

A5TM
Grain

Size

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

2-4

0'1<4
0'25

0'670'70

0'0<48 00<40
0'033 0'018

0'21
0'05

0'05

0'73

.
.

0'035 0'024

0'07

00<4

0'75

0'03<4 0'031

0'31
0'31

0'31

Heat
T....tm.nt

(in.)

"C

dia.

.t.

0'30

A.O.H.
B.O.H.

Size

0'15

,.,.
.
t

Test
T.mperatur.

01%
P.5.
(0'1
Rp)

"C

05%
PS.
(0'2
Rp)

T.S.
(R m)

Ap"a.

EI
(%)
A.

(A)

rf)
Z)

Y.P.

163
18'2
2..9

207

R.T.
-120
-150
-170
-180
-196

rent

Shur
Strenlth

Probabl.
Maxi..

mum
Shear
Strencth

Ref.

27'7
29'1
35'1

35
34
29

57
59
69

soH

20
23'2
21'6
35'8

35'2
36'6
38'7
331
<43-<4

30 I
3H
31 I
36 i
35

6<4
61
52i

52'2

62'1

1i

321

59i

58i

9'7
11-1
15'2

30'5
32'0
36'3

14'3

36'7

10'9
21'8
320
33'6
34'6
35'2

33'1
<400
<43'0
<48'8
<488
58'5

-i

~
~.

Tons/sq.in.

Ton./sq.ln.

A.lHO FC
N.850
OQ.lHOT.6<45

N.850
N.880
OQ.880 T.650
A.860 FC

Y.P.
(RJ

Tonion

229
2<4'0
272

27'5
297
327
2<4'8
300
32'2
36'6
36'6
<43'8

17

1
1

14

So
C1l

.,

;:;:
<:;;.
::r

.....
Q

VI
:::l

:}

a.

I'T1
:::l

::;
'"

...
C1l

A.O.H.

0'32

0'15

Normaliz.d

198

21'3

34'2

12'1

35'6

26'7

En 5
91

"3D" Carbon Steel

FATIGUE PROPERTIES
Process 01 ASTM
ManulaeGrain
lure
Si.e

A.O.H.

..

Actual
2
6
4
4
3
2

Chemical Compooition (%)

C

Si

Mn

0'32

02.f()

0'61

.
.
.
.

.
.

0'29

.
.
.

025

0'033 0-039

.
.
.

.
.

Sec~i.on
,.e
dia.
(in)

11

.
.
.

0'22

Treatment

L.P.

Y.P.
(R,,)

41'2

32

61i

18-9

26'0

42'0

31

56

18'6

240

41-4

31

S5

18'1

22-2

.f()5

32

55

17-2

23'1

41-7

28i

5S

17'6

23-0

.f()4

31

56

17'1

22'2

34'3

80'6
57'2
5S'0
36'3

897
66'0
63'2
49'5

OQ.8S0T.550
A9501hr
OQ850T550
AlOOO 2hr
OQ85O T550
A1000 8hr
OQ850 T550
A1000 24hr
OQ850 T550
A 1200 4hr
OQ850T55O

25'8

0'060

N.875

0'58

0'052

0'049

.WQ.870
. 1400

..

..

T500
T600

55'4
47'1
42'6
34-5

Ro,..;n.
Bend
"tisue
limit.IO' rev.
Tonl/sq.ln.

R.A.
(%l

Tons/sq.;n.

0046

T'S'I
(R m)

EI
(%l
(Al

0'65

.
.

0'32

Tenlile
Heat

(Z)

8'26YA
28

4YA
3

7i

IH
13

27
18
16i

Ref.

.
.

165

18

37'1
28'8

18

26'7
249

..

LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Private correspondence with Firth-Brown limited.
2. Private correspondence with The United Steel Companies limited.
3. H.H. Abram, The Value of Young's Modulus for Steel, }. Iron & Steel Inst. No.1. Vol. 129 p. 325. 1934.
4. C.T. Eddy, R.J. Maccotte and Roo Smith, Time temperature transformation curves for use In the heat treatment of cast
Steel. A.I.M.f. T.P. 1846, Metals Technology, Sept., 1945. Trans A.I.M.f., Vol. 162 pp. 250-267. 1945.
5. I.S.I. Special Report No. 36. Symposium on The Hardenability of Steel. Iron and Steel Institute, 1946.
6. Private correspondence with Brown Bayley Steels limited.
7. Private correspondence with The Round Oak Steel Works limited.
8. Private correspondence with The Park Gate Iron and Steel Co, limited.
9. Private correspondence with Edgar Allen & Company limited.
10. L. Aitchison and W.I. Pumphrey, fnglneerlng Steels. MacDonald and Evans, London, 1953.

11. Modern Steels and Their Properties, Corban and Alloy Steel 8ars. Fifth Edition. Bethlehem Steel Company, 1959.
12. British Standard 971. Commentary on 8ritish Standard Wrought Steels, fn Series. British Standards Institution London,
1950.
13. Private correspondence with British Roiling Mills limited.
14. War Office Unpublished Report.
15. C.J. Smithells, Metals Reference Book Vol. 2. Second Edition, Butterworths, London. 1955.
16. British Iron and Steel Research Association unpublished data
17. M.C. Fetzer, Torsional v. Tensile Properties of Steels. Steel, Vol. 118, pp. 92-92, 119-123. 24. June, 1956.
18. R. Cuaud, Fatigue of Met<1/s. Translated by A.J. Fenner. Chapman and Hall, London, 1953.

En 6

BRIGHT CARBON STEEL

SPECIFICATION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)

Si

En6
En 6'" /
En6K

0'40 maxI

Mn

0'05-035 0'50-0'90

0'060 ma"

0'060 max

0'050 max

0'050 max

Remarks
1. For bars supplied In the cold drawn condition the carbon content shall not e"ceed 035 per cent.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Size (diameter or width aero.. flars). in.

En No

Property'

f or
I...

1
6Al

6K

Tensile strencth Tons/sq.ln min

max
Elon,ation. per cent.
min
min
bod impact .alue z, ft.I~.

O.er

Over

to

to 21

It

O.er
21

35
45
12
10

32
45
15
10

38
48
10
20

35
45
12

15

Remarks
1. These properties are specified for material in th. cold rolled, drawn, cround or machined conditions. The material may be re-h.ated
before or after cold workin& - in the lauer Clle to a temperature not exceeding 620C.
2. Izod impact .alu.s are not specified for En 6A.

RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
(See also En 2, 3, .., 5, and 8 depending upon carbon content.)

En
No.

6
6A

A.F.N.O.R Werkstoff No.

XC 38 f

U.S.S.R.

GERMANY

FRANCE

1.1181

Name

D.I.N.

G.O.S.T.

CK 35

17006
17200
17240

380-60
977-58

92

Mark

B St 6
40L

En 6
93

Bright Carbon Steel

APPLICATIONS

A mild steel of35-45 Tons/sq.ln. tensile strength supplied in the form of bright bars for machining and many general
engineering purposes.

WELDING
(See Introduction for key to symbols used in this table)
Weldinc Process
Description

En No.

6
6K

BriCht Carbon Stul

Remark.
MA.

I.G

C
C

bll
bll

Cll
Cll

b
b

I
J

The mechanical pro,erties

of cold drawn bars are ad-

versely affected by all

weldin& processos

Reproduced by kind permi.sion 01 H.M.S.O.

HOT WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES

Forging, Rolling and Stamping
Annealing
Normalizing
Tempering arter cold drawing

1200C finish above BOOC

850 -9QOoC Furnace Cool
850-90QoC Air Cool
620C maximum.

PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

The physical and mechanical properties of this steel with the exception of those given in the table below can be ob.
talned by reference to the data for steel En 2, En 3. En 'I, En 5 and En 8 depending upon the carbon content and com.
position.
The folloWing mechanical properties are actual test results obtained from particular compositions. sizes and con.
ditions, of material supplied to the En 6 specifications.

Process of Manuraccur.

B O.H. (Si Killed)

B.O.H. (Si Killed)

Chemical Composition (%)

ASTM

Section

Grain

Size

5-8

C
0'17
0'22
0'28
0'22
0'32
032
0'35
0'35
0'35
0'35
0'38

Si

Mn

Ni

0'66
0'75
0'92
0'81
0'81
0'75

0'22
0'25
0'23

on
on
0'74
0'80
0'73

Sile
dil.

(in.)

i
i
i
1 i2i
3

1i

0'03.. 0'024
0'026 0'039
0'032 0'024

0'20
0'14

2
1 i6
6

Heat Treatment
C
Cold Drawn
Cold D,swn
C.D.T.6S0
Cold Drawn
C.D.T.620
C.D.T.620
Brich' Turned
C.D.T650
N.8S0
As Rolled
As Rolled

YP.
T.S.
(R.) (R m)

Tons/sq.in.
387
39'"

.......

28'"
2....

401
..25
..22
35'6
..20
39'2
..3'2
..2'6

EI

Itod
!db.

22
20
22
21i
2st
23i
2et
20
30
22
24

53
61
19
53
12
15
..0
22

(%)
(A)

18

ReI.

.1
..
.
.
.
..
.
2
3
3

LIST OF REFERENCES
1. British Standard 971. Commentary on 8ritish Standard Wrought Steels. En Series British Standards Institution
London. 1950.
2. Private correspondence with Round Oak Steel Works Limited.
3. Private correspondence with The Park Gate Iron & Steel Co. Limited.

En 7

SEMI-FREE CUTTING CARBON STEEL

SPECIFICATION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)

En 7
En 7A

0'10-0'30
0'12-0'18

5i

Mn

0'25 max
0'25 max

0,70-\030
1'00-1'50

0,060 max
0'060 max

0'10-0'18
0'10-0'18

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Condition

En 7

En 7A

5ize (diameter or width across flats) In.

Cold Drawn

i"orl_

Over

Overi
to I

to ' .

-40

Siza (diameter or width across flats) in.

lorl_

Over I
to , .

Tensile strength. Tons'sq.in. (R m) min

max
Elongation. per cent, min IA)
Izod impact value. ft.lb . min

35
45
15
20

35
45
15
15

Condition

En 7A

Limitinl ,-ulin, lection, In.

Ten'i1a strength Tons'sq.ln. (R m) min

Elongation. per cant. min (A)

35
45
15
20

Over 11
t02 i

Over ' .
to 11

35
45
15
15

Tensile strength, Tons'sq.ln. (R",) min

max
Elongarion, per cent, min. (A)
Izod impact value, ft.lb. min

50
15

30

35
45
15
10

-40

12
10

O.er ' .
30

-40

15
10

Hot Rolled or Normalizad

28
2S

t02i

En 7
Semi-Free Cutting Carbon Steel

95

RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
AMERICA

UNITED KINGDOM

En No.

FRANCE

SWEDEN

5.1.5.

B.S. Air

S.A.E.

A.!.S.!.

A.F.N.O.R.

5112

1115
1116
1117

ClllS
C1116
C1117

20 HF 4

1115
1116
1117
1118

Cll1S
C1116
C1117
Cll18

7A

14.19ll

14.1922

APPLICATIONS
Suitable for parts where good machinability and surface finish is Important, but where the disadvantage of
the higher sulphur required to give full free machining properties make the use of En 1A undesirable. Transverse
properties will be better than En 1A but not as good as those of the normal low sulphur steels such as En 2A
and En 32C. En 7A may be used for case hardening but En 202 is to be preferred.

WELDING
(See Introduction for key to symbols used in this table)
Weldin. Proc_
En No.

7"

MA.

IG

B
h

Remarlu

MA: Bulc coated ele<trode. are

required

Reproduced by kind permiuion of H.M.S.O.

MACHINABILITY
The machinability of these steels is apprOXimately 50 per cent better than that of normal quality mild steel
(En 3) but not so good as the high sulphur bearing steels En 1A and 18.
En 7A is a semi-free cutting modification of En 6

HOT WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES

Forging Rolling and Stamping
Annealing
Normalizing
Tempering after cold drawing

1250C max Finish above 850C

850C-900C Furnace Cool
850C-900C Air Cool
620C maximum

En 7
96

Properties or the British Standard En steels

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (d)

Typical value at 20C is 780

SPECIFIC HEAT (c)

Chemical Composition (%1
C

SI

Mn

0'12

0'17

1,17

Mean

Section Size
dia.
(in.)

Heat Treatment
C

0'110 0,019

20 to 20 to
200C 300"C

I 0'120

N.950

0121

Specific He... Cal.', dec C

20 to
4000C

20 to
500"C

20 to
600C

20 to
7OOC

ReI.

0'124

0'129

0'136

0' 147 1

MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION (a)

Chemic.1 Composition (%)

10' X Me.n Coellicient of Therm.1 Exp.nsion per deg C

Section Size
dia.

Sl

Mn

0'12

0,17

1,17

0'110

0'0191

Heat Treatment

20 to 20 to
looC 200"C

(in.)

N.950

112.45

13'15

20 to 20 to
300C 400C
13'65

1405

20 to 20 to
500"C 600C

20 to
700"C

Ref.

14,50

15'151

14,85

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (l)

S.ction

Chemical Composition (%)

Size

di
(in.)

Si

Mn

0'12

0'17

1'17

0,110

0'019

He..
TrULment
C

N.950

Electrical

em

microhm

ResistivitY #

ReI.

200C

1000C

21-1

200"C

3000C

<IQOC

500"C

304

389

046'8

58,0

6000C 700"C
72,0

86,5

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

Chemical Composition (%)

C

SI

Mn

012

0,17

1'17

0'110 0'0191

Heat
Treatment
C
N.950

Magnetic Induction B (Gauss) for Magnetizing Field 01 H (oersted)

H-l0

20

30

40

SO

60

100

150

200

250

B.. m* H.*
causs oersted

17.800 11,900 13,800 14,900 15,60016,200 17,40018,100 18,600 18,8001 16,7001 6 '4
* Hmu =250

R.f.

En 7
Semi-Free Cutting Carbon Steel

97

HARDENABILITY

END QUENCH HARDENABILITY CURVE

Chemic.1 Composition (%)

51

Mn

011

0'17

1-17

0'11

0'019

McQuaid Ehn Grain Size 56 (A.S.T.M.)

Normalized from 950C
Austenitizing Temperature 950C
(Ref. 1)
400

~300

J:

...i

:hoo
100

""'-..

--

10

12

18

Di,'once trom

15
24
quenched end

FI,.7.1.

25

200

3b

ot

bar

42

30 Inches
Sixteenths

En 7
98

Properties of the British Standard En steels

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)
Process of
Ma.nufactur.

Si

Mn

Tensile

Ni

Sectiot\
Size
die.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)
B.O.H. (51 Killed)
B.O.H. (Si & Mn Killed)

0.10
013
0'13
0'13

0.15
0'04

O'H

0'03

0.164

1.18
1'22
1"30
1'30

0106
0'131

0.033
0021
0'035
0046

1'22
0'93

0130
0'163

0'021
003<4

1'<4
1'27

0'118
0136

HO

O'HO

0'018
0021
0'035
0'020
0'024

O'HO

0.21

3
3
0'82 hex

T.S.
(R m )

EI
(%)
(A)

Izod
fdb.

Ref.

Tons/sq.in.
As Rolled

V.P.
(Rs )

As Rolled

. .

Cold Drawn

15'6
16'2

28'6
281
38'6
37'6

32
32
21
22

32'<4
37'<4

29
17

36'0
32'1
31'0
300
330

26
36
3]
26
28

51
13
<49

--- - B.O.H. (Si & Mn Killed)

0'14

Ht

As Rolled

Ii

As Rolled

060 hex

188

Cold Drawn

<48

<40

3
1

--- - B.O.H. (Si & Mn Killed)

0'15
0'15
0'15
0'15
0'15

0'21
0'17
0'02
001

1'25
1'<41

0121
0'104

0'19
020

1
2ft
1

.... ....
.. .

21'6
21-2
19'0

76
79
55
71

..

--- - -

.. .

1'30
1-37
1'10

0'110
0'120
0'168

0017
0'018
0044

1i
H

0'21

1'05

0'14

0'017

As Rolled

021

0'09

1'25

0'110

0'023

0'23

As Rolled

B.O.H. (Si & Mn Killed)

0'26

009

1'10

0'138

0'032

0'19

As Rolled

B.O.H. (Si & Mn Killed)

0'30

0'20

1'15

0'19

0'031

0'19

Ae Rolled

0'16
0'16
0'16

001
0'02

0'17

B.O.H. (Si & Mn Killed)

ft

As Rolled
Cold Drawn

18'4
17'0

30'0
30'0
38'7

31
3]
18

17'2

30<4

30

35-6

27

H'4

28

38'2

25

60
65
35

3
<4

--- - 5

--- - 3

--- - 22'0

--- - 21'2

<46

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURE

Tensile

Ch....ical Composition ("10)

ASTM

Grain

Size

..

56

SI

0012

Mn

016
"
"

."

117
"
"

0110

"
"

Section Siu
dia.

0019
"

Heat
Treatment

Test
T....peratu..

In.)

"C

f
"

N900
"
"

"

01% 02%
OS%
P.S
P.S.
P.S.
(01 Rp ) (02 Rp) (05 Rp )

R.T.

-72

Y.P.

T.S.

(Rs

(R m)

4YA

Tons!.q.in.
210

215

225

276
546

-19S

EI

('Yo)
(A)

290
342
478

R.A.
(%)

R.f

65
63
8

6
"
"

(Z)

50
V'l

41+

35
38

43

."

f~

l1>
l1>

n
c:

::t
:;.

OQ

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

n
Q

.,

0-

A5TH
Grain
Size

51

Mn

Section
Size
dia.
(in.)

0016
"

117

0110 0019

5-6

"

0012
"

"

"

:::>

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Hac
Ten
Treatment Temperature
"C

N.950

01%
02%
05%
P.5.
P.S.
P.S.
(O-lR p) (02R p ) (0.5R p)

c
20
100
200
300
400
500

T.S.
(R m )

Tons,sq.in.
210
185
160
138
115
100

21"5
186
18-2
16-3
145
126

22S
21-5
201
185
16-7
14-8

EI
(%)
(A)

"YA
290
308
322
33-0
290
235

.... +
3Si
32
29
30
34+

R.A.

('Yo)
( Z)

~
."

Ref.

!l.

50
35
30
25
2H
24

17

65

60+

5S!
53
56!
65

-0
-0

:::s

--...

En 7
Properties

100

of the British Standard En steels

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

(continued)
(Ref. 2)
Chemic.1 Composition (%)

Si

Mn

0'12

016

1'17

0'110

0019

McQuaid Ehn Grain Size 5-6 (ASTM)

.0

1Ot----i---+---+----+---+---l

dia bar Normalized from 950C

bOt-----i"-;;:---+---+----+---tL---+..-:....:..:...--l

f
c

50

t----t---+---+---+------+----l

"v

.f

~
<T

8 40

V>

r---~+--_+---+_--_+---~--__J

:-

.b5.fA
Elonqotion

20

r-"""""'-0;;2""!-=-="""t-=--+_--_+---i-=-=.:::.::..---J
10% !Toof ,I r.lI

10 '::-

--L

100

.J...
200

..L
300

Temperature

of

.~

"

- ....'

L-=::::""J;2:I!L~"

400

500

test OC

FiC 7.2

LIST OF REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Private correspondence w:th Jessop-Saville Limited.

Private correspondence with The United Steel Companies Limited.
Private correspondence with The Park Gate Iron & Steel Co.. Limited.
British Standard 971. Corrmentary on the British Standard Wrought Steels. En Series, British Stan:lards Institution 1955.
Privdte correspondence with The Round Oak Steel Works Limited.
British Iron and Steel Research Association. Unp ublished data.

En 8

"40" CARBON STEEL

SPECI FICATI ON

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)

5i

Mn

0'05~'35

0,60-1,00

0060 max
0060 max
0'060 mix
0060 max
0060 max
0060 max
0050 mix

0'060 max
0'060 max
0060 max
0060 max
0-060 max
0060 max
0'050 max
0060 max
0060 max
0060 max
0060 max
0'060 max

C
En 8.
En 8A"
En 8B"
En BC"
En 80"
En 8E"
En8K
En8M
En 8AM"
En 8BM"
En 8CM"
En 80M"

0'35~'45

0'05-035
0-05-0-35
0-05-0'35
005-0'35
0'05-0'35
005-0'35
0'25 max
0'25 max
0'25 max
0'25 max
0'25 max

0'33~'38

0'35~'40
0'38~'43
0'40~'45
0'35~'40
0'35~'45
0'35~'45
0'33~'38
0'35~'40

0'38~'43

040-0'45

0'70~'9O

070-0'90
0'70-090
0'70-090
0,90-1'10
0'60-1'00
0'90-1-30
0,90-1-30
0'90-1'30
0,90-1-30
0'90-1'30

0'12~'20

0'12-0'20
0'12-020
0'12-0'20
0'12-0'20

" Mechlnlcal proplnils Irl not splclfild for thlsl stIlls.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
En 8
Condition
Propeny
Normllized

Llmitine ruline HCtion in.

Tlnlilllt.lneth, Tons/q.in. min (R m )
Yilld stress, Tons/sq.in.1 (R I )
Eloneltlon, plr elnt, min (A)
l.ocI impact .alul, ft.lb, min
Brinln Hardn_ numbl,.3 (HB)

35
18
20

152/207

Hardlned & Tlmperld

40
28
22
2S
179/229

101

45
32
20
40
201/
2S5

t
45
32
20
20
201/
255

f
45
32
20
15
201/
2S5

Cold Drawn
51.1 (dll. or width lerau
nltl) In.
1 ! or
142

OVlr 1!
co2 !
39

Ovlr2!

10

10

10

241 max

229 max

37

229 max

En 8
Properties of the British Standard En steels

102

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
(continued)

En 8K
Condition
Property

Hardened
and Temperecl Q

Normalized
Limitlnc rulinc section. in
6
..
Tensile strencth. Tonl/sq.;n min (R m)
35
35
Yield Itr.... 1 Tonl/sq.ln min (RI )
18
18
Proof Itrus (0'2 per cent) Tons/lq.ln.
mini (0'2 Rp)
17
17
Eloncadon. per cent. min (A)
20
20
rzod Impact value. fdb min
10
15
Brlnen hardn... numben 3
152/207 152/207

2 i
040
28
2S

22
25
179f229

En 8M
Conditlonl
Property

Limit/nc rullnc ~Ion. in.

Tenilleitrencth Tonl/sq.ln. min (R m)
Yield Itr_. Tonl/sq.ln. min 1 (Rs)
Proof Itr... (1)-2 per cent} Tons/sq.in.
min I (0'2 Rp)
Eronptlon. per cent. min (A)
Izod Impact value. rt-Ib., min
Brinen hardn... number 3 (HB).
Nocoe.

Hardened & Tempered

Normalized

35
18

20
152/207

2
040
28

2S

22

2S
179f229

45
32

30
20
040
201/255

Cold Drawn
Maximum Size (dl..
meter or width _ _
f1au) In.

1i

38

12

229 max

1. Not to be Uled u acceptance values except by .pecial arrancement between purchuer end manufacturer.
2. When Ipecifically requested in the enquiry or order.
3. For Information purpoo.. only. Not contractual part of the lpecification.

En 8
103

"40" Carbon Steel

RELATED SPECIFICATIONS

En.
No.

UNITED
KINGDOM
8.s.

8.5.
Air

AMERICA
S.A.E.

1..1.5.1. A.F.N.O.R.

593
5113
5116

1038
1039

Cl038
Cl039

81.

593

1035
1037

Cl035
Cl037

88

593
5105

8C

593

1039
1040

Cl039
C1040

80

593
5105

1042
1043

C1042
C1043

8E

593
5105

8K

8M

8AM

""' c1.1.
46/1

""' cl.l.

593
5113
5116

Warlacoff
Nama
No.
1.0721

XC 35f

SWEDEN

GERMANY

FRANCE

1.0651

C45

D.I.N.

5.1.5.

G.O.S.T.

Harlc.

17200
17240

14.1650

1050-60

40G

17200

14.1550

1050-60

35G

1050-60

40G

C35

XC 38f

1038
1039

Cl038
Cl039

1139

C1139

XC 42f

1.0721

U.S.S.R.

C45

C45
1.0721

35 MF 4

88M

17200
17240

17200
17240

14.1650

14.1650

1050-60

14.1650

1050--60

40G

14.1957

14.1957

APPLICATIONS

Widely used for applications where better properties than mild steel are required but the expense of an alloy steel
Is not Justified.
Used for forgings and general engineering pam e.g: Dynamo and motor shafts, heat-treated bolts, crankshafts, connecting rods, driving rings and flanges. railway couplings, axles, brackets, housings, miscellaneous gun carriage and small arms
pam notsubjeeted to high stress. or severe Wear. OWing to its low hardenabllity Its use in the hardened and tempered
condition Is not recommended for large masses as the Improvement In mechanical properties over the normalized
condition Is Insufficient In such cases to Justify the additional processes required.
These steels can be surface hardened by flame or Induction methods giVing a case hardness of 365 -510 HV suitable for
general gearing and parts not subject to high stresses.

En 8
104

of the British Standard En steels

Properties

WELDING
(See Introduction for key to symbols used In this table)
En.
No.

W.ldinl P -

IM~

8
8K

c
c

I.G.

bx
bx

cx

ex

R.mark.

b
b

Th. m.chanicsl prop.rtl.. of cold

drawn ban are ad.e...ly affect.d by all weldinl proc....s.
M.A.; - Buk coated .I.ctrod
ar. r.quired and post w.ldine
temp.rlne la dirable

8M

R.produc.d by kind p.rmission of H.M.S.O.

MACHINABILITY
The machinability of En 8 In the normalized condition is 72 per cent of that for mild steel En 3. In the hardened and
tempered condition the machinability is 68 per cent of that for mild steel.
The free machining grade En 8M has similar machinability to En 3 in the normalized condition but In the hardened
and tempered condition is 9S per cent of that for mild steel.

HOT WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES

Forging Roiling and Stamping
Annellng
Normalizing
Subcrltlcal Annealing
Hardening
Tempering

1200 finish
830-860oC
830-8600 C
630-700C
830-860oC
550-660oC

above 8S0oC
Furnace cool.
Air cool.
Air cool.
Oil, or Water quench.
Air cool.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (d)

~=f::tuo~

Ch.mical Composition (%)

-C--S-i--M-n--S--P--N-i--C-r--M-o

. .. .. .. . ..

Heat

Tre:~ment

S::Ci~~ra.ity

R.f.

7'828
7'838

1
1

Normalized
Spheroidized

0'15
0-11

013

N.830

7-81
7-85

1
3

0'019 0031

0'06

Tr

A.860

7'854

0038 0'037

0'04

003

001

A.860

7844

0,39

023

065

0017 0020

0'12

0,41
0'41

0,16
0'14

085
050

0'04

0035

B.O.H.

042

011

06

A.O.H.

0....

0'69

0'10

-4

SPECIFIC HEAT (c)

Proc.II of
Manufacturtl

Chemical Composition ("/0)

C

Sl

B.O.H.

0'41

0'11

0'64 0029 0031 006

A.O.H.

0....

0,10

069 0'038 0'037 0'04 003 0'01

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

T,

M.an Specific Heat. Caldee. C

Hut
T....tm.nt 10 to 10 to 20 to 10 to 10 to 10 to 10 to 10 to 10 to 10 to Ref.
l00C 100C 300C 4OQC SOOC 600C 700C 800C 9OOC l000C
C
A.860

0'1150'119 0'112 0'117 0131 0,133 01.... 0'159 0'155 0'155

A.860

0'1140110 0'113 0'118 0'131 0'133 0'146 0'169 0'166 0'164

..

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
(continued)

MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION (a)

Chemical CompositIon (%)
Process of
Manufacture

Si

I 0'-42
I 0....

B.O.H.
A.O.H.

Mn

0'11
0'20

Ni

Cr

Mo

10" X M.n Coefficient of Thermal Exp.nsion per dec C

H_
Treatment
C

20 to
1000C

20 to
2000C

20 to
300"C

20 to
4000C

20 to
SOOOC

20 to
600"C

20 to
7000C

20 to
800"C

20 to
900"C

20 to
10000C

A.860
A.860

113
1107

12'2
12'6

131
132

137
13'8

"',2
"',3

"'7
"'8

15-0
152

118
125

127
13'6

13'6
"'5

0'6-4 0029 0'031 0'06 Tr

0'69 0038 0'037 0'0-4 0'03 0'01

Ref.

-4
-4

~
&'
~

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (k)

Chemical Composition (%)

Procesl of

Manufactu re

5i

Mn

B.O.H.
A.O.H.

0'-42
0....

0'11
020

06-4
069

..
..
..
..
..
..

039

A.O.H.

0'029 0031
0038 0037

Ni

Cr

Mo

006
00-4

Tr
0'03

001

... .... .... .... .... ....

.. ..
..
.... .. .. .... .. ....
.. ..
..
.... .. .. ... .... .
D,'''

105

0'0-43 0032 0'12

VI

Heat Treatment

Thermal Conduesivity, Cal/em a dec C

(in.)

OC

200C 500C l000C 2000C 3000C 4000C SOOOC 600"C 7000C 800"C 900"C l0000C

A.860
A.e,O

0'124 0'123 0'121 0'115 0109 0100 0091 0081 0'073 0'059 0061 006-4
0'115 0115 0'115 0'111 0'105 0098 0092 0086 0'075 006-4 0062 006-4

.....
....

Normalized
00.850
.. T.150
.. T.3SO
.. T.5SO
.. T.6S0
A.8SO

Section
Size

Tube lx!

Ref.

0'107 0107
009-4
0097
0'103
0'116
0119
- 0'115

0'109
0'098
0099
0'10-4
0'116
0119
0'116

0'105 0'102

0'105
0111
0116
0115

0'100 0092 00&4 0075 0'068

..

-4

..

..
..

....

..

------

oVI
~

=
CO

=
CO
....

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
(continued)

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (1)

Process of
Manufacture

Section
Size
dia.
(in.)

Chemical Composition ("/0)

p

Ni

Cr

0029 0'031

0'06

Tr

0'69

0038 0'037

0'04

0-03

l'OS

0043 0032

011

SI

Mn

B.O.H.

042

0'11

0'64

A.O.H.

044

0'20

A.O.H.

O'39

O' 14

Mo

Electrical Resistivity. microhm em.

Ref.

Heat Treatment C
lOC SOC l00C 200C 3OOC 4OO'C SOOC 6OOC 700C BOOOC 9OQC l000C
A.B60
WQ.9S0
A.B60
WQ.950
Normalized
OQ.B60
T.1S0
T.3S0
T.SSO
T.650
A.SSO
Normalized
OQ.B60
.. T.1SO
.. T.3-40
.. T.530
.. T.660
Normalized
OQ.B60

0'01
Tubelx.

17'1
219
18'9
2-47
21-1
2-44
237
216
200
18'6
210
211
250
24'2
22'3
212
197
21-1
21'7

189

207

22'S

264
25'7
23'5
21'9
20'3
224

221

29'6

387

- - 238 31-2 39'9

- - 25-9 33'S 426
294
- 287
- 26'6
25'1
235
25'5

33'7
318
30'8
332

- - 33-0(1SO"C)
- - - - -

49'3

50-4
S3'0
-

619

62'6

64'S

766

n7
-

78'2

93'2

93'6
925
-

1111

1149

111-3

114'9

106S

1179

118'0
-

-47-6(34O"C)

68'-4(S300C)

87'0(6600C)

..
..
-4

......
..
..
...
...
..
..
....
..
S

.,"b
0
.,...

'"0
~

ti

'"0

-...
...

~
~

...
...

0>

::l

i;;'

VI
Q
~

Q.

Q
.,Q.

I'T1

'"...
~

!!..

'"

YOUNG'S MODULUS (E). SHEAR MODULUS (G) POISSON'S RATIO (a)

Chemical Composition ("/0)
Process of
Manuraeture

B.E.

5i

..

023

039

Mn

Heat
Treatment
Ni

.. 0'020
. 012..
.. 0'65. 0017

Ultrasonic pulse method.

C
N.SSO
A.650

YOU".'. Modulul
Tonl/lq.in.

Shear Modulul
Tons/sq.in.

IUde

I dynamic

ltatiC

13400
13-450

13700
13800

5300
5300

I dynamic
5350
5350

Poiaon. Ratio

ltatie

02n
02n

I dynamic
0'287
0'286

Ref.

1
1

En 8
107

"40" Carbon Steel

TRANSFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS
ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION
Ch....lcaI Compcllition (%)

Si

Hn

036

0'22

058

Ni

Cr

0'020 0015 025

008

Mo

Cu

-< 001 050

Bulc Open Hearth.

McQuaid Ehn crain Ilze 6 (ASTM)
Actual craIn size 10 (ASTM)
AUltenltlzlnc temperature 825C i hr.

aoo

Ac 1 - . -_.

(Ref. 6)

- --- -- --

_. - - -

--

~-

"..-

Ac, 1--- I-- - I--

//

100

rrV ..... -V
""

/ , ~~
~;

~'

" V
If
,
/
/

bOO

l/

/A~

500

,,

. - . - 1 - -- .- ~-

......

--

I- -- f-

",/

,f+( /

/
\

~ +Ir-

M+A

f--

1-

JOO

200

100

Sec

10

20 40 I
Min.

51020401
Hr.

Duration of

isothermol

Fie. 8.1

treatment

10 20

Doy

En 8
of

Properties

108

the British Standard En steels

ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

036

0'27

066

0'016 0'020

Ni

Cr

Mo

Cu

AI

As

0'20

0'21

0'02

022

0'06

006

Basic Electric Arc.

Actual Grain Size. 10-11 (ASTM)
Austenitlzlng temperature 8500C 1 hr.
(Ref. 6)

--

-- I--

, - --

Ac

I-- -

700

./

bOO

500

I/V

//
W
I

IA
-

k-::: -

-- f - - -

A +F v V

I
I

A+ ~/+ C
/
I

.,

'" '"

--

--

I---

- - f--

f-

-- r-

f- -

--I---I-V-

- - I--

- -I- - -

;;
~

F +(

,
I
I

1\

A+

I---

"

300

- --

I-

f---

- -I - -

"

200

100

Sec

10

20

40 I
Min

10

Duration of isothermal

FI,8.2

20

40 I
Hr

trectrnent.

10 20 I
Day

En 8
"40" Carbon Steel

109

ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION
(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

036

027

0'66

0016 0020

Ni

Cr

Mo

Cu

AI

As

0'20

021

002

0'22

006

006

Basic Electric Arc.

Actual Grain Size; "'" 1 (ASTM)
Austenitizing Temperature 13000 C
(see also Figure 8.2)
Ac 3 BOO

,- -

Ac

- I-

-I--

700

bOO

500

.u
~

=
~ 400
Q.

Mi

/
~

300

1/

'-

V " "v.~

" // " (

II

.,( A
'--{

,
,,
I

1\

IF

Ie /

-'1

--

>--

-I-

f;::--;:
..-:::....

--:::-: fo-_

I--

>

l-- ~

I- f-

F C

1-

V~
Ai t
v
/'
v~

(Ref. 6)

........- - +-

- ~ 1- -

~ I- I--

I-- 1-

~4

200

100

Sec

10

20401

Min

Duration

of

10

isothermal

FiC 8.3

20

40 I
Hr

treatment

10 20 I

Doy

En 8
110

Properties of the British Standard En steels

ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION
(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)

Si

Mn

045

0'27

0'52

0025

Ni

0015

012

Cr

Mo

Cu

0055 001

013

BasIc Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn Grain Size 7 (ASTM)
Actual Grain Size 9-10 (ASTM)
Austenitizing Temperature 850C ihr.

- -

Ac

soc3
At, f--

700

- V
-- ,/

./ , /

bOO

soo

",'

/tv

/'

'"

V"

",

"

:+5 /

--- --

I-

-V
V
--- /

i--'" V

VV

- - -- --

--

F+ --

,
,

- ---

..... - ~ v
V
- -

.u

+1

(Ref. 6)

;;

400

I-

..ll

10-

" ...

300

- f-

I--

--

- I- -

-f-- -

200

100

Sec.

10

20

40 I

M~.

Duration of

10

isothermal

Flc.8.4

20

40 I

treatment.

H~

1020 I

Day.

En 8
"40" Carbon Steel

111

HARDENABILITY
END QUENCH HARDENABILITY CURVES
Hardn_ RC.

Chemical Composition (%)

Curve
No.
C
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7

(Ref. 1)

51

Mn

.. 0'86..
0'33 020 0'61
.. .. ..
039 0'25 on
.. .. ..
041 027 0'87
.. .. ..
0'36 0'26 082
.. .. .
0'43 021 0'81
.. .. ..
0'38 0'25 070
.. .. ..
..

0'38 0'30

..

NI

Cr

..

..
0'61
..
0'31
..
0'32
..
0'22
..
0'32
..

0'09

0038 0019

..

025

..
..
0037
..
0'032
..
0'039
..

. ..

..
..
..

..
..

0'024

0'040 0013

0021

..
..

0032
0'047

Dilunce from Quenched end.

Mo

..
..
..
..

end quench 850

Temper 650
end quench 850
Temper 600
end quench 850
Temper 550
end quench 850
Temper 550
end quench 850
Temper 550
End quench 850
Temper 600
end quench 850
Temper 650

0'03

..
..
0'14 003
..
0'10 002
.. ..
0'15 0'05
.. ..
045 0'33 0'05
.. . ..

..

0'017 0'010
0041

Hut Treatment

0'13

0'04

007

003

..
..

iin.

fin.

tfin.

Hin.

HI in.

51'2
2306
467
19'7
51'0
30'5
52'8
31'8
420
242
53-2
22'3
531
22'8

27'5
20'4
212
12'6
2405
21'0
312
25'7
198
15'5
26'2
172
31'0
172

197
167
13'7
7'3
17'8
17'6
21'2
198
13'9
11-4
21'0
143
20'1
13'0

18'2
15'5
12'6
6'2
163
16'3
202
190
12'2
108
19'6
13'7
185
12-3

US
11'3
9'3
405
108
118
15'2
15'8
8'3
8'6
145
11-1
14'5
9'7

bO

50
40

S30

\' ~

~\

20

1u quenched

,\\f--4

lL J
~
~
1

--

10

C>2

0..

"

r--:: ~ --...::
\

C>b

e>a

1'0

Ohlonce f,om wore'

e--- ::--.....

.......

',2
quenched end of bar

(in).

FiC8.5

30

Tempered
V

a:

:z:

...!

:l

20

0'2

04

Ob

008

10

1'2

1'4

1'6

Distance from ware, quenched end of bar (in)

2'4

m
=
co.
......

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Process of
Manufacture

B.E.
B.O.H.

B.O.H.

ASTM
Groin
Size
McQuaid
Ehn

6-8

7-8

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Section
Size
dia.
(in.)

Heat Treatment
OC

0'33
0'34

...
.

0'34

0'20
0'30

.....

0'61
075

0017
0045

0010
0037

..

..

0'16

0'80

..

....
..

..
....

0029

....
.

0'030

0'61
0'08

...
....

0'18

Tensile

Chemical Composition ("/0)

0'13
007

.....
..

0'04
005

....
....

i
H

...
..

1 hex

Y.P.

T.S.

(RJ

(Rm)

Tons/sq.in.

N.875
As Rolled
N.850

..

0'5%
P.S.
(0'5Rp )

..

OQ.850 T.650
OQ.860 T.620

276
30'0
26'8
268
30'2
28'2
310

EI(%) (A)
4fA

39'8
39'7
42'2
424
450
44'2
444

30t
2H
28
30
26t
25t
29

SO

26
25
2H
21

R.A.
(%)

lzod
ft.lb.

Ref.

44

....
...

(Z)

58t
48
42
4H
47
4H

7
8

----B.O.H.
(Si Killed)
B.O.H.

7
6-7

0'35
0'35
0'35
0'35

.....
...

0'17
020

6-8

020

0036

0048

017

6 t sq.
-h hex

1i

(C)
.. (0)
6 (C)

.. (M)

.. (0)

H
H

N.860
N'880
OQ.860 T.620
OQ.850 T.650
T.630

.....
....

.
....

T.600

OQ.850 T.650
OQ.870 T.650
OQ.860 T.650 CD

200
24'7
33'3
33-5
284
291
279
271
265
292
30'1
46'3

372
39'2
464
43'4
404
404
424
422
414
414
420
49'3

28
2H
28
30
35
3H
29 t
30
2H
31
2H
2H

3'

66
66
66
57
59
59
59

41
98
71
89
90
68
69
67
98
81
68

..

0'76

036
036
036
036

071
070
079
073

0'24
0'14
0'22
0'26

081
0'82
0'67

0'028
0029

oon
0032

0'18
0'20

0030
0'037

0'030
0'021

0'16
on

i
I
H
11

1
1

0'10

0'02

1
2

C.D. T.650
OQ.860 T.650 CD
C.D.T.650
WQ.8S0 T.650 CD
As Rolled

..
.

N.850
OQ.860 T.570

29'1
467
287
466
n4

400
496
39'5
49'2
40'0
37'4

28t
23
28
nt
27
26

2-5

0'37
037
037

.....

....

10
11

..

21'2
251
348

39'2
39'1
487

27
25t
25

0'24
0'22

075

on

0'78

0'025
0032

0041
0025

0'21
0'19

i
H
t

As Rolled
As Rolled
CD.T.650

23'2
23'2
31'1

414
394
443

26
27
29

....
.

11
60
61

601
59

60
-L--

B.O.H.
B.O.H.

9
10
9
10

--- --

0'36

036
0'36
036

0'030

0'75
0'53
0'85

3~

..
..

0031

..
..

0'35
035
0'35

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
(Si Killed)
B.O.H.

0'63
0-68
0'50
092

..

..

-9
11

1
tD

ii'

'"

So
tD

...OJ

;:;:
;;;
::rV\

8'
::s

Q.
Q

a.

l"l1

::s

'"
li;;;

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)

P....... of
Manufacture

Size

6-7

037

...
...

Mn

..

Mo

....

..

0,76
0,80

038
0'38
038
038
038
0,38
038

0'15
026
0,16
0-25
0-15
0'25

080
074
0,78
0'67

3.....
7--8

0-38
0,38

0-30
0-25

0,86
070

0038
0039

0'019
0,0<47

6--8

0,39
0,39
0'39
0'39
0-39
0'39
0,39

0-21

0'79
0,74
0,78
0'79
0'60
0,70
0'80

0-027

0,023

6-7

Cr

0,98

0'16
0'15

7--8

Nl

Size
dia.

H.at T....tm.nt

0'37
037
0'37

0'18
0-24

0'37
037

..

on

067
0-70

..

7 Iq.
4 sq.
4 Iq.
3
4
2xl

0028

0,22

0026
0'024

0'026
0'025

021
0'27

0039
0037
0024
0'033
0035
0033

0024
0027
0030
0029
0025
0029

0,20
020
0'17
0'21
0'16
0,24
040

..

0'07

025
0'45

0'09
0'33

1
!! hex
II

1t
1i
11
3f
2t
H

0-03
005

11

0'5%
(0'5Rpl

(in.)

0,035

B.O.H.

A.O.H.
B.O.H.

51

(HI
0-80
086

7--8
7--8

Tensile

Seetion

McQuaid
Ehn

B.O.H.
B.O.H.

Ch....laJ Composieion ("/0)

ASTM
Grain

Normalized

WQ.860 T.660 CD
T.600
OQ.860 H2O
00.860 T.600

I
I

EI
(%)
(AI

238
290
29'2
230
232

42'0
432
..3'4
38'0
41'0

370
312
388

<469
45'2
500

29
28
27

244
220
232
202
256
232

412
311'8
40'6
39'2
"16
400
369
..24
..3'0
507

27
30
30
30
25
28
31
30429426

..3,2
..22
388
<424
38'8
404
<47'1
..53
....0
..5,0
....0
..9,9
..2'4
..73
60,'
..5,7

25
24
31
26
32427
25
26426425425i
25
40
27i
16427

23428
31
29
25

R.A.
(%)

Izod
fe. lb.

Ref.

(Z)

45
59
66

50

72

87

..
..

10

12
9
96
94
94

11
9

..

--- --- --

As Rolled

N.860

N.830
OQ.830 T.600WQ
OQ.875 T.658
WQ.850 T.650

T.5.
(R m)

Tonl/sq.in.

AI Rolled
N.850
OQ.850 T650
N.850

..
..
..
..

Y.P.
(Rs>

32'0
272

31-2
..1'"

..
....

....
544604-

68+
64

30
64

13
"

7
"

~
&'
.,
0-

:J

...

V'l
til

!!...

--- --

..

B.O.H.

7--8

A.O.H.

....
.
..

B.O.H.

7--8
6-7
1-3

0,39
0,39
0-39
0,39

0'12
026
021
023

....

0029
0033
0'037
0038

0036

oon
0,035
0,018

0,22
0'24
019

097
078
0,"
0,79

..

Ii

..

1t

.
2t
.

..
..

0'16

0,07

5
4 Iq.
2!sq.
21

o-on

0'026

015

q.

1 .....
1i

..

Ii

As Rolled

N.850
N.860
N.860
N.850
N.840
OQ.T.585
.. T.620
.. T.650
.. T.620
.. T.650
OQ.840 T.610
OQ.860 T.640
OQ.850 T.630
OQ.850 T.500
T.650

..

23,8

26'"
302
196
23..
296
326
308
29,2
29,3
290
37,"
288
3....
558
309

14
11
9

..

53
63
63
66

61
63

62
52
65

28

3
14

<46
66

70
31
..7
71
90
86
33
22

....
..
..

16

11
9
10

..
..

.....
.....
W

m
:s
CO

m
::::I
CO

.....
.....

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)

"'- 01:

HMufKture,

ASTH
Grain
Size
McQuaid
Ehn

C...... ical Composition (%)

SI

Mn

NI

T.nslle

Cr

Mo

Section
Size
di
(In.)

Hac T....tm.nt

,
:
:

:
:

5-7

..

...
...

..
...
..

..

.
..

..
..
I

....
..

..
..
...
...

..
...
....

039

..

...
...
..
...
.....
.
..
.....
...
.

..
...
...
....
..

.
...
..

015

.....
.
...
..
.....
.
..

..
..

..
...
.
...
.
..
..
..
....

....
.

0'71

..

..
..

..
....
..
..

...
....
...
..
..

.
...
...
....
..
.....

0'036

..
..

...
....
..
.....
....

....
...
.

.....
...
....
...
....
..

0019

..

...
..
.....
.....
...

....
...

....
...

...

..
...

..
..

1
2
4

..

33

A. Rolled

268

*2

25

50

36

..
..
..

26'1
242
23'7
22'0

39'4
38'1
37'6
373

30
28
28
27

56t
55
5H
52

52
51
39

32'4
310
298

46'8
449
424

27
27
29

62
65
6H

66
76
86

50'4
SCl-3
49'1
43-0
4Cl-9
41-2
38'8
368

19
20
21
26t
28
27
28
31

48

...

40'0
400
35'7
304
287
26'7
25'4
14'3

53
53
61
6H
5H
62t
66t

36
43
47
68
80t
75
91
93

....

25'7
23'3
22'3

40'1
369
35'2

27
30
31

60
60t
6H

61
81
85

N.900

OQ.860 T.540
T.595
T.650

..

....

....
..
..

...

WQ.845 T.540
T.595
T.650
WQ.845 T.205
T.315
T.430
T.54O
T.595
T.650

...

WQ.845 T.540
T.595
T.650

....

15

57

....

R.f.

(Z)

30

OQ.860 T.540
T.595
T.650
t

lzoe!
ft. lb.

33-6

OQ.86O T.205
T.315
T.425
T.540
T.595
OQ.860 T.540
T.595
T.650

(A)

R."'.
(%)

22'9

...
....

EI
(%)

A.788

T.S.
(R",)

Tons/sq.in.

.
.....
.
..
..

Y.P.
(Ra)

DC

!
i

0'5%
P.S.
(Cl-5Rp>

..
....
..

36'4
317
30'8
43'3
420
410
350
310
30'4

48'7
46'1
428
580
576
545
48'1
44'6
41-7

24
26t
27i
17
18
21
23
26
27

61
65
66t
46
52
57
62t
65
68

..

310
30'4
16-7

454
414
39'7

1'"
19
28t

6H
69
69

48

75
79
91
5
12
49

75
83

as

100
107

..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..

......
....
...
.
..

..

....
....

.....
..
.
.....

."

-i
~

~
~
SA

..,tv
;:0
0;;'

:::r

V'l
::J

a.
",
::J

'"
g

i;;

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)

Proc_ of
Manufacture

ASTH
Gnin
5i.e
McQuaid
Ehn

..
..

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

..
..

51

Mn

Ni

..

0-15

0-71

0-036

..
..

0-019

4-7
6-7

040

..

0'15

..

075

..

0028

..

0'18

0.40
0'40
040
0'40

0025

0'26
0'23
0'14
0'24

080
0&4
0'86
078

0036
0029
0033
0'025

0025
0013
0031
0'021

041
0-41
0'41
0'41
0'41

024

080
0'75
080
082
0'83

0021

B.O.H.

1-3

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

6-7

A.O.H.

2-4

..

4-6

Cr

Section
5i.e
dia.
(in.)

Mo

Heat Treatment
C

0'39

7-8

..
..

5-7

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

..

..
..

..
..

024
0'25
0'25

....

..
..

..

..

0-41
041
0-41
041

0'27
0'19
0'20

0'87
0'70
O'BS
0'65

..
.
..
..
..
...
..
..

015

....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

on

0-41

....

..

..
......
..
..
..
..

..
..

..

..

..4
..

..

..

....

WQ.&45 T.54O
T.595
T.6SO

..
..
..
..

N.860

0'16
0'15
019
0'17

H
H
H

N.860

0'030

015

0023
0036
0'027

0026
0'031
0036

016
0'23
0'19

11
H
H

0040

0'013

0'12

..

..

..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0012

....

..
..
..

3
2 hex

..

N.850

2i
H
014

003

1
3

11
i
0'045

As Rolled
N.850
N.8SO

*....
....
..
..
..
..
..
..

N.875
N.BSO
OQ.8SO T.640
OQ.8SO T.570

..

OQ.&45 T.38
T.93
T.195
T.205
T.26O
T.315
T.370
T.480
T.54O
T.595
T.650
T.705

....

....
......

...

0'5%
P.S.
(0'5R p)

T.S.
(R m)

EI
(%)
(A)

28'5
264
245

44'2
421
38'0

24i
27
30

230
232
230
234
248
21-6

4104
398
39'4
41'2
430
41'0

28
31
30
28
28
28

240
276
200
228
248
24'6
248

41'6
424
40'8
424
440
420
42'6

1S
30
31
26
26
27
28

243
24'0
32
35'0

459
43
46
492

85'3
91'1
96'9
1009
97'3
92'9
830
580
50'9
442
379
317

1085
1092

Y.P.
(R s)

Tons/sq.in.

118'7
1107
100'9
902
643
57'1
518
44'6
375

R.A.
(%)

I.od
ft. lb.

Ref

62
73
93

15

(Z)

60
6H
67

...

--

..9

..
..
..
..

-9
11
11

..
..
..
..

21
1Si
27
28
2H

54 i
45
59

1
1
1
2
6
7

H
Ii

7i

11
lH

lSi

20
25

80
42

~
n
Cl

tio

...
::J

VI

!!..

7
12

..

11

..
..
..
..

17

31
38
44
55
58
62
67
70

......
..
..
..
..

.......
.......

V1

m
~

CO

m
:::s

CO

....
....

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

0-

(continued)

Process of
Manufacture

Section

Grain

Size

McQuaid
Ehn

Siz.e

..
....
..

..
..

0'41

..

6-7

B.O.H.
B.E.A.

7-8

8
6
5
4
4
5

...

B.O.H.

..
.."
B.O.H.

7-8
7

51

Mn

Ni

C.

Mo

0'5%
P.S.
(0'5R p )

Heat Treatment

dl&.

(in.)

042
042

..

042
042
042
042
042
0'42
042

..
..

..
..

0'43
043
0'43
0'43
0'43
0'43
0'43
0'43
0'43
0'43

....
...

0'19

....

0'18

0'11
0'23

0'26
021
0'24
0'15
032

....
...

0'38

..

0'21
0'16
017

on

024
0'24
029

on
0'19

.....
..
.
.
..

..
....
..

0'604

073

on

..

0040

..

0'039
0'018

0'86
0'87
090
0'74
0'82
0'65
076

0027

0'87

..
....
...

0'81
0'83
080
0'604
079
079
0'80
0'80
0'65
093

..

0'039

2
4

....

..
..

T.5.
(R m)

394
381
34'2
39'5
363
32'8
35'0
27'0
250

..

...

..

594
563
52'4
54'8
512
47'3
SO'O
....0
41'0

EI
~/o)

(A)

R.A.
(%)

Ref.

18
13
29
35
26
33
42
35
33

18

(Z)

15
18
2ei
19

36t
47

2H
23
25
26

6"
50
54
61

bod
ft. lb.

4"
51
57

....
.....
...
.

-0'034
0020

..

019
019

0'033

0'15

0'043
0'013

0'027
0'018

..

..

..
..
.

0024

0'032
0130
0'030
0'036
0023
0023
0'026

0032
0'035
0'035
0'022
0029
0029
0020

0'19
0'07

As Rolled
N.840

11

6t

2i
i

007

0'06

...
....

..

..

..
..
....

032
018
017
0'16
0'15
0'15
0'15

015

0'05

Ii

2i
2i

4
1!
6 sq.
2

24'8
246
232
260
32
32
34'8
288
308

....

OQ.850 T.630
T.650
OQ.860 T.620
i
Q.850 T.600 T.570
4! (M)
OQ.850 T.670
H
1 ..
OQ.825 T.600 AC
A lhr 950 OQ.825 T600
A2hrl000 OQ.825 noo
A 4hr l1oo0Q.825 T.6oo
A4hr 1200 OQ.825 T.600
AHhr 1000 OQ.825
T.600

4txH

0032

..

OQ.850 T.450 lhr WQ

T.5oo ..
T.550 ..
WQ.850 T.550 lhr WQ
T.6oo ..
T.650 ..
WQ 8SO T.620

..
....

Y.P.
(Rs )

Tons/sq.;n.

C
0'41

B.O.H.
B.O.H.

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

ASTM

N.875
N.850
N.850
N.850
N.850
N.840
As Rolled
N.850
N.850
OQ.850 T650

30'2
278
295
250
150
25'0

42'8
....8
43'2
452
47
46
494
46'4
453
477
486
504
47'8
48'2
46'2

23
25
25
23
29
23
27
25t
28t
29
24
21
24
2H
26t

....0
....6
46'8
390
....8
44'0
41'6
436
44
46

26!
26
27
27
23
25
26
24 t
26
29

...
..
..

64
50

60
52!
51
51
48
51

82
35
75
38
55
50
24
19
23
20
17

55

36

5H

12
9
19
11
13

..
..
..
...

-27'8
25'6
28'4
22'0
14'4
23'2
23'2
28'4
230
30

7
9

..
.
..
..

..

46
64

90

11
12

..

-i

:4
iii

'"

o
--.

....

:r
til

.,OJ

;:;:
:r

;;;.

~
Q

go
~

a.

tTl

'"~
til

;;;-

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(conti nued)

Process of

Manufacture

..
..

ASTM
Gntin
Size
McQuaid
Ehn

B.O.H.

..6
..

..

B.O.H.
B.O.H.

..

B.O.H.

..

5-8

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

5i

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Section
Size
dia
(in.)

Heat Treatment
C

0'
0
0'
0'

..
..
..

026
0'25
023

on

075
078
076

..
..

0'0
0032
0'034

0'030
0021
g'020

015
0'15
0'17

..

0
0

0'26
0'17

080
0'85

0'029
0026

0'020
0035

0'19
0'22

0..5

..

015

..

0'80

..

0028

..

0030

..

0'19

0..5
0'..5

02..
0)2

0'86
0'78

0020

..
..
..

0025

..
..
..
..
..

..
..

..
..
..
..

..

..
..

..
....
..

..
..
..

....

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..

..
..
..
..
..

..

..
..

..
....
..

..
..
..
..
..

..
....

..

....
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
....

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..
..

..
....

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..

..

....

..

..
..

1+
1+
H
2 t sq.
3 t sq.

0'5%
P. S.
(0'5R p )

Y.P.
(R s )

T.5.
(R m)

Tons/sq.in.

As Rolled

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

IzOO
It. lb.

(Z)

..
..
..
..
..
..

..2'"
...
..1'6
..36
..3'2
..2'6
406
46'6
0

26
22
25
20
22
20
23
26
25

..
..
....
..
....
..
...

..3'6
..3..

67
65

N.850
N.870
WQ.870
WQ.870 T.300
T.400
T.500
T.600
T.700
OQ.870
OQ.870 T.300
T.400
T.500
T.600
T.700

24 ..
2....
25'0
27
..7

46
..2
36
31
36
37'5
37
36
32
28

59
52
..5
56
56
55
55
50
..5

28
27
21
27
12
15
17
21
25
28
20
21
21
21
24
27

35
5H
28
38
..7
55
62
67
..9
51
52
5..
59
65

..
..
....
..

WQ.870
WQ.870 T.500
T.600
OQ.870
OQ.870 T.500
T.600

114
5..

39
39
35

120
66
55
58
56
51

3
18
23
18
21
2..

53
60
50
59
61

3
53
76
22
40
53

..
..

WQ.870
WQ.870 T.500
T.600

37
36
31

56
54
..9

18
23
26

..3
5..
60

16
31

..
..

As Rolled

..

.. sq.
5 sa.

N.860
N.850

H
6t
6t
1i

N.840

11

..

tt

23'6
22'8
25 ..
230
2.. 6
23'2
29'6
238

Ref.

10

29
36
29
34

--

..

..
....
..

....
....

..

..

..

64

..9

..

12
20

..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..

31
14
16
19
34
48
59
27
23
27
32
39

<
C""I
Q

ao
:J

....
,.V\

!!..

..
..
..

....
...
..

.....,

::s

CO

::J

CD
.....
.....
ex>

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemica! Composition (%)

A5TM
Process of
Manufacture

Tensile

Grain
Size

McQuaid
Ehn

51

Mn

NI

Cr

Mo

Section
Site
dia.

Heat

Treatment

(in.)

....

0'45

..
..
.....
..

045

045

...
....
.
...

032

..
..
..

037

032

.. ..

0-78

..
..
.....

..

0,79

0'78

..

0,020

...
.
....
..

0032

0,020

...
...

0'025

..

....
....

0024

0025

..

0'5%
P.5.
(0'5R p)

YP.
fR,)

T.5.
(R m )

Tons/sq.in.

(%~
(A

R.A.
(/,)

(zoel
i t. lb.

Ref.

(Z)

J.4
J.4
29

52
52
47

23
23
26

54
54
59

24
31
39

WQ.870
WQ.870 T.500
T.600

31
J.4
29

51
51
48

19
24
26

47
56
59

24
31
+4

....
......

..

QO.870
OQ.870 T.500
T.600

32
31
27

49
49
45

23
23
26

55
55
59

26
30
39

...

..
..

N.830
OQ.830 T.600
T.200

28
31
38

437
-17'3
560

27
27
20

5H
50

24

OQ.870 T.600

32

51-0

22

59

40

..
...
....

1!

..

..

..

..

"'
::t

~.

OQ.870
OQ.870 T.500
T.600

2!

.g

'"0

20

..

..

13

..

..

...
::r

I'1l

...

<;;

::r

....

V\
Q

go
.,
~

Q.

lT1

...'"
~

"'
"'c:;;-

EFFECT OF COLD WORK ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Tensile

A5TM
Procesl of
M.oufaclure

Chemical Composition (%)

Grain

Section
Size

Size

Heat Treatment

di~.

McQuaid
Ehn.

51

Mn

7 (5)

0'40
0'40

018
028

12
087

....
..

..

..
..
.."

....
..
..

(in.)

048
1'64

..

....
..
..

Bright Drawn
As Rolled
Normalized

N+6%C.D.
N+8%.C.D.
N+16%C.D.

T.5.
(R m )

374
382
400

40'8
43'6
45'6

n32
2392
432
464
494

EI(%) (A)
4YA

Tons/sq. in.

'C

0'152 0029
0029 0027

....
..

01% 0'2%
0'5%
Y.P.
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
(R s)
fO'IR p) (0'2Rpl (0'5R p)

50'0
43'6
43'0
46'2
488
526

18'2
27
30
21
17
12

'zoo

ft. lb.
R.A.
(%)(Z)

50

23i

340

2Si
17
14
10

-- -041
0'41

019
020

..
..
..

028

..

..

0'43

..

..

..
..

116
1'18

..

..

....
..

0'83

0176 005
0'164 003

..
..

..
..

....

..
...

0036 0016

..

0'5

..

0'634

..
..
1

..

Bright Drawn
Bright Drawn

OQ.86O T.660 C.D.

OQ.860 T.650 C.D.

..

18
15
n
21

42
498
559
59'8

28
17
12

3H
3S
56
5S

11
26
5
5
S
--

21
22

..
..

..
..

--

..

21
+4
42

....

~
C"'\

t}O
::J

VI
....

!l

- - - - --- - -

As Rolled

..
..

509
567
497
490

Ref.

+13%C.D.
+23%C.D.
+33%C.D.

234
43'4
45'4
47'6

9i

49
43
38
32

14
5
6
6

..
..

23

..

.....
.....

-D

::I
CO

En 8
120

Properties

of

the British Standard En steels

EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

1 2 0 , - - - . . . . . , . - - - - r - - - - - - , - - - - . - - - - r -_ _.....

110

1-----::01~---+-----'~+---+_--~I__--_4

70

100 I----+------:k:----++--+----I-----:.,--I bO

qO

50

eo

40~

(Ref. 17)
Chemical Compolition (%1
C

Sl

0'41 0'15

Mn

0'72 0045

<!

.~

0012

j"

70

30

bO

20

in. dia. bars Oil Quenched from 845C

50

1-----1----l--I----1----+-~.e--+

40

1-.====1~=~~----l-----l---+--~
0

10

]0 LO---...J10'-0-'---2.L00----I]OLO---4.l0-0----::-500~---:-lbOO
Tempednq 'empe'o'u ... C

Fic8.7

70

RedUC',V
of 0'.0

bO

L.----

<

T.nlil~
'Ir.nqth

(Ref. 15)
Chemical Compolition (%1

40

I-----..

0'39 0'15

yi.ld
~n9th
............

20

100

200

400

]00

500

t.mp...;n" t.mp...otu...C
FIC.

a.e

Si

~
"90tion

700

Mn

071

0036 0019

1 in. dia. bars Oil Quenched from 860C

En 8
121

"40" Corbon Steel

80

/~d

70

be

1\

1/

-/
~

I\.

-........
30

20

L.----'

100

200

300
Temperinq

I/~ . ,~

(Ref. 20)
Ch.mical Composition (%)

area

5i

045 O' 32

Mn
O'78

0020 0025

H in' dla. bars Oil Quenched from 8700 C

ensil. _
sire .....

...........
~roelclstr."'Ith
Elo",!otion

500

700

Tensile stre"'lth

temp.rotur. C.

Fil.8.9
Yield stre"'!th

20 ~---+---+----t---+------1I-----l

EFFECT OF MASS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

70 t----+---+---l~---+---+------j

Oil Quenched and Tempered 6S0C

Roduction or

O'co

SOf---+----t----+----+-----+------l

These curves show the range of properties

obtained for several casts of En 8.

....

40

f------l----+---+----!-------l-----j

2
c
u

Elonqotion

:i

10 ....._ _---L

....I.-_ _--J1...-_ _....L..

1 -_ _....J

b
tJor diome,.r

Fi. 8.10

(in)

m
~

CD

IS
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURE

Section
Size

51

..

0]<4

...

Ni

... ... .... ... ... ....

030

...

0<43

0'13

...

..

..

075

..
....
..

065

(in.)

0'75

00<45 0037

..
..
..
..

..
......

0'028 0028

008

..
...
..

003

007

....
....

003

Heat
Treatment

Test
Temp.

dia.

Cr

...
..

....

0'32--C'38

"

Mn

Transition Temp. C

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

...

-32

....

Normalized

...

Ii

..t
..
..
..

N.850

A.900

..

..

..

05%
001% 0'1% 0'2%
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
(OOlR p ) (O'lR p) (0'2Rp) (0'5R p )

Y.P.
(R s)

T.5.
(R m)

Tons/sq. in.

EJ(%) (A)
<4y;t;

-51
-123

22'3
268
339
63'8

380
<42<4
<455
6<43

29
27
30
5

20
-60
-196

268
37'2
6<47

<42'2
51'1
65'3

28
2H
5

20
- 50
-100
-120
-196

16'2
19'8
263
295

368
<410
<455
<47'1
511

26
25i
20 i
16l
1

20

50

R.A.
(%)
(Z)

50%
Max
Energy

50010

Fibrous

Rei.

FraCture

...
..

52
<48
<48
5
26
22
2

'-

2<4

....

<42
38
2

.....
..

25

35
3H
27i
20 i
1

.g

t1I

~
(b'

'"

So
t1I
OJ

~.
....
in'

::r

VI

:J

.,:s-

..
..

0....

..
..
..
..
..
....

0<45

...

.. .
.... ...
.. ..
... on....
... ...
.. ...

0'13

1'29

021

.... ..

.....
..

0'05

....
..
..

0023

..
..
.

N.850

28'0
30'<4
<41'2
<46'5
6<43

27'9
30'7
<41'3
<469
6<48

27'9
31'0
<41'3
<47'1
65'<4

<478
527
610
6<4'<4
66'0

22i
H
21i
18
1i
1<4

50

16
17

<47
<49

..

20
-40

38'<4

<40'6

20
-<40

<41'0
28'1

<47'3
50'5

330
55'8

58'0
60'3

608

680

.
..
.

Normalized

..

WQ.800 T.5<40

-n

-n

20
-40

-n

<49
<47i

26'7
29'8
39'1
<45<4

Cold Drawn

..
..

27'2
31'2
38'3
....9
62'8

+20
-50
-120
-150
-196

16
12

1<4

....

3H
6

....

5<4

52

+40 +50 (Charpy)

+22

+30 (Izod)

Charpy V. ft. lb.

6
3
<4
15
9
8
51
26
17

..
..

rT1

2<4

:J

...

....
'"

....
..

..
......
.

ac;;

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

Process of

Manufacture

B.E.

Size

...

6(-4)

Section

Size
dia.

Grain

Si

035
0'36
0'45

0'21
0'21

Mn

Ni

104
0'61 0'016 0012 0'56
on 0'011 0'013

.. .. .. .. ..
. . .. . ..

Ch.rpy V Notch Imp.ct. I c. lb.

Tensile

Chemic.1 Composicion (%)

ASTM

Cr

0'11

(in.)

..t

He.t

Treatment

Y.P.
(R s )

Tons/sq.in.

Normalized

N.86O
Cold Rolled
N.870
WQ.780 T.5-40

T.S.
(R m )

26'-4

38,"
-40'2
505
60'3

EI

(%)
(A)

30

Test temperature. OC

R.A.
(%)

(Z)

+100

56
25
36
52

+20

81
36
-4
15
51

-20

6-4

-40

H
3
12
-49

-4
11
50

-15 -SO

15

13

-55

Ref.
-75

-ao

-130 -183

11
9

26
3
27

..

3
8
17

~
("\

.,

0-

::J

....

V\
~

Ch.rpy Keyhole Notch Imp.cc Ie. lb.

!!..

Test tempencure cC

....

1-8

..

0'-40

.. 070
..

0'05

.. .. .

N.900
WQ.830 T.500
WQ.830 T.250

200C

-100C

-40C

85
37'5
12

55
335
10'5

-45
11
7

-noc
-4
7'5
6

...

27

.....
.....,

"'"

m
::s

0)

::::J
CO

.....

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

Chemical Composition (%)
Si

Mn

034 0'30

076

Chemical Composition
AI

O'30 to 0'<40% C. Steel

Curve 1. Annealed at 650C

Curve 2. O.H.900oC T.475C AC.
Curve 3. O.H.900oC T.610C AC.

0045 0'037 002

H in. dia. bars Normalized from 850C

(Ref. 8.)

100

40

~O

..

i... ...

A= Chorpy V notch.

r. _ Percentoqe

.:

.
1:;

'"1\ 1/
l 1\
V

~O

~bO

30,

1/ \

,..

'"

~4.0"20
u

&.

...

.!

20

./

-100

-ao

-be -40

"lJ

.g

1\

Testinq

20

40

t.mp.ra&ur~ O(

Fi 8.11

r.

be

80

...

.~

;;

20

100 120

140

-b0

'"

...::.-

"'
.,0>
;:+

;;;.

V
V

/"

>0-

l-- I---

1---40

~
(D'

::.-

/V

40

1\

1/

"'

1/

;..

-20

bO

....,

80

,e

1/

10I

v:

crystalline
fracture.

..

(Ref. 28)
100

-20

20

40

Testinq

1/

V
be

80

temperatur.oC

Fi 8.12

100 120 MO lbe 180

...

VI

::l

.,~

Q..

IT!

...'"
::l

"'!!...
'"

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)

Tensile

Section
Size
dia.
(in.)

Process 01

Manufacture

....
..

B.O.H.

..

Si

Mn

Cr

Ni

Mo

. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .... .... .... .... ....
.... .... .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
..

1 0 '304

0'30

,...

..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
....

0'05 002

007

0'76 0045 0037 008

AI

Heat Treatment

Test
Temp.

..

..
....

..
..

N.850

..
..

L.P.

..
..

Y.P. T.5.
(R ) (R )
m
s

159
5'"
29'2
198
5'5

26'8
16'3
65
29'3
207
67

17'3
7'5
29'"
21-7
80

EI(%) (A)

"l"A

Tons/sq. in.

R.T.
300
600
R.T.
300
600

00.850 T.65O

0'05% 0'1%
0'2%
0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O'05R p) (O'IR p) (O'2R p ) (O'5R p )

20'5
91
29'6
2"'2
97

"2.5
40'6
17'3
""'6
"1,1
170

SO

28 2st
28
62
26 22
2st
57

----- ------

..

A.O.H.

.....
.....

....
...
..
....

0'37

..
..
..
..
..
....

0'28

..
..
....
..
....

....
....
....

....
..
..
..
..

0'20

N.850

..
..
..
..
..

..
..
.. .... ....

0'''3

....
..

....

..

..

1 1 sq.

080 0036 0022

..
..

....

..
..

. ..

A.84O

..

220
195
183
167
14'"
13'7
12'1
9'5

20
9
85
75
",5
3'5
3'0
2'0

221
219
21'2
19'1
17'3
16'"
15'5
122

,,1-<\

22'2
25'S
25'1
22'"
212
198
188
14'3

"9,5
"8'"
"2,2
382
332
259
21'5

24
15
16
33
32
29
29t
40

Charpy
Keyhole
It. lb.

Rei.

8
29

"3
2st

..

64

..7
36+
62t

8
29

..

- - --- - -

..
..
...
..
..
..

"5
24
304
sst
58 t
57
58
71

- - --- - - -

..
..
..

068

R.T.
265
300
350
400
"SO
500
550

R.A.
(%)

20
400
540
650

20'0
13'5
9S
50

40'0
33'3
21'3
11'2

26
32
35
48

"2
60
54t
65

17
23
12
3..

....
..

24

n
Q
i3o

...
::J

V'l

<II

!!..

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN TORSION

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Si

Mn

Ni

Section
Size
dia.
(in.)

H.at
Treatment

LP.

O"S
0'''5

0'90

..t

080 0'06 005

082 0,02' 0038

Rail
Tyre

..

..

0'40

010
0'32

T.S.
(R m )

Tons/sq.in.

N.880
00.840 T.480
As Rolled
As Rolled

Y.P.
(R s )

2"

Torsion

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

Izod
It. lb.

Y.P.

(Z)

29'7
"5'0

<\6'3
57'3

22t
17

""

23'1
28'0

<\6'5
<\6'6

19t
20

23
39

Apparent Probable
Max. Shear Max. Shear Ref.
Stress
Stress
Tons/sq.in.

18'5

56

5
10

145
1..0

..

"3'1
61'0

3043
"5,8

30

""."

333
31'5

"2'6

..

.....

VI

m
~

CO

m
::::s

CO

....t-J

FATIGUE PROPERTIES

0'

ROTATING BEND FATIGUE DATA

P'rocou of
Manufacturo

5.;0"
C

51

Mn

Nt

Cr

1'10

Sizi
dia.

(in.)

Heat Troatmont

Test Condition.

0'1%
P.S.
(O'lR p )

.....
....

....
.....

B.O.H.

A.O.H.

0'83

03..

030

0'37

.."

0'0<4

039
039

0'13
0'28

075

.....
...

...
...

...
...

O'OH 0015

0'0<45 0037

6 !sq.

0'07

005

.... .. ... ...

"
059

108
0'82

0'035 0'013

00<43 0'032
0'037 0'020

.. .. . .. ..

N.900 T.650

"

008

i
f

0'12

..
..

....
.....

0'5%
P S.
(0'5R p)

Y.P.
(R.)

T.5.
(R m)

EI
(%)
(A)

RA.
(%)

(Z)

Tons/sq.;n.

C
0'33

Fati,uo limit (10' rov)

Tonsilo

Chemical Composition (%1

. ...
....
..

from .urfaco (ll

1 ...
It

..

2 ...

"

It

If

(l)

(T)

(l)

(T)

Notched

Rof.

Tons/sq. in.

195
20..
190
202
18'9
19'"

(T)

Plain

33'1
3<47
336
356
33-3
33..

351'
2613..
24133
16

6-4.

35+
62j36
5612..

17'0
H'5
16'8
lS'2
17'6
15'2

--

....

31

-,;,

",.

30

397

2H

<fB

19'0

As Rolled
Annealed
Normalizod

16'3
165
17'"

332
306
339

31
32
31

39
..8

.,

<fBi

12'5
12'7
129

Normalized
Anne.led
N.900 T.650

290
21'2
2..9

..1-3
36'3
<fO'2

30
31
26i

57
541SBi

21-7
176
19..

As Rollod

150
121

O'H

0'50

0'12

..

A.O.H.

0'..2

0'16

0'..3

0']2

0....

021

069

0033 0'035

0'21

Ii

075

0'019 0033

0'1"

30 mm

065

0'039 0036

0'21

012

Ii

...::>-~
....

..

::s

g-

a.

230

278

<46'5

21

38

16'5

::s
3

~
B

c;;WQ.850 T.650
OQ.8S0 T.620
N.850
N.8S0 FC.710

..

WQ.820 T.SilO

WQ.870 T.SOO

Notch 6()0 V Root radius 0'05'. 0035' deep. 0.0.0'290' Root di. 0220' Kt 2'2
Notch 55 V Root radius 0'0003', 0'001' doep. 0.0. 030<4' Root di. 0'300

.,

OJ

IT1

N.830

006

....::>-

VI

8
31

--A.O.H.

o
......
B

-0'..1

...

CD

25'"
290
200
173

302
31-1
22'"
20..

39'3
..2'6

RT.
-78C

....6

..7'2

..3'6
..72
<fO'6
330

29
26
28
37

651'
58
50
63

U5
22'5
19'5
H'O

..97
57'0

27i
30

66
63

U2 8'3t
27'9 8'3t

600

16i

..7

30'S

"

..

"

32

"

En 8
"40" Carbon Steel

127

UNNOTCHED FATIGUE DATA

Chemical Composition (%)

ASTM Grain Si
Heat
Treatment

Process of

Manufacture

5i

Mn

McQuaid
Ehn

..
..

..
..

B.E.

0'36

..
..

026

..

..
..

0'73

..

0'013 0019

..

AC.780
2 thr 1125 fC to 650AC
2hr 1150 fC t0650AC

..

Y.P.
(R s ')

Actual

T.5.
(R m )

EI (%) (A)

Tons/sq. In.

7 to 8

T.nsil.

19'9
197
19'0

36'3
39'5
39'5

R.A.

(%)

.~t'A

50

(Z)

35
291
30

291
25
25t

59
..8
..7

R.f.

..

33

..

eltimatld

(Details of the steels used are given in the table above)

Reverse Axial
Hlat Treatment

Test Piece Si.e

Actual
Grain Size

mmdia

(A5TM)

7-8

'C

..

AC780

2thr 1125 f.C. to 650 AC

F:uicue Limit

Tons/sq.in.

Torsional
Fati,ue limit
Tons/sq.;n.

Mechanical ElectroPolished Polished

Mechanical ElectroPolished Polished

Mechanical ElectroPolished Polished

Mechan;cal ElectroPoliahod Polished

..
..
..
..
..
..

5
6
8
16
32
50
16

..
..

Revers. Bendin,
Fatigue Limit
Tons/sq.in.

Routin, Bendin,

Tons/sq.in.

..

..

..
..
..
..

Fatigue Limit

15-3
15-9

138
-

150
lH
14'1

18'2
17'5

149
lH

17'6
175

155
15-9

16'6
15-7

14'6

1~'1

13'"
13'1
14'0

12'6

8-9
-

.-

9'1

--

NOTCHED FATIGUE DATA (HYPERBOLIC NOTCHES)

(Details of steels used are given In the table above)

Heat Treatment

..

AC.780

2 t hr 1125 fC to 650. AC

..

1 hr 1150 fC to 650, AC

Actual
Grain
Size

7-8

..
1

Treatment

Kt Mech
Electro
Moch
Electro
Mech

Polish
Polish
Polish
Polish
Polish
Electro Polish

Reverso Bendint fa
ticue limit, Tona/sq.ln.

Roverse Axi.1 flli,ue limit, Tons/sq.ln.

Surface

1'8~

8'9
8'2
10'0
8'7
90
88

1'26

302

3'86

HO

5'~1

706

78 70 5-6
5-9
1'7 6'0 5-6 5-3 5'0
- 6"
8'6
- 55
5'1
- H 7'8
5'1
- - 9'5
- 7'5
5'"

Torsion fad,ue limit, Tons/sq.in.

Kt - 1'58 3'15 5'70 Kt - 1 31 1'41

9-6

8'3

10'0

--

S'8
8'1

H~

200 170

336

7'7 68 76 7" 7~7'6 70 7'2 7'-9

- -

- -

En 8
128

Properties

of

the British Standard En steels

LIST OF REFERENCES

1. Private correspondence with The National Physical

Laboratory.
2. Private correspondence With Hadflelds Limited.
3. Private correspondence With firth-Brown Limited.

4. Physical constants of some commercial steels at elevated

temperatures, Butterworths, London, 1953.
5. R.W. Powell and R.P. Tye, The effect of oil quenching
and tempering on the thermal conductivities and
electrical resistivities of three steels, ). Iron & Steel
Inst., Vol. 184, p. 10. Sept. 1956
6. G. Delbart, A. Constant and A. Clerc, Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francoise, L'lnstltut de Recherches de la Siderurgie.
'

18. A. P. Hague, Choice of Steel for General Engineering

Purposes, Paper read before Institution of Mechanical
Engineers, Yorkshire Branch, Feb. 12, 1926.
19. Private correspondence with jessop-Saville Limited.
20. Report of The Steel Research Committee founded by
the Institution of Automotive Engineers and the Society
of Motor Manufacturers and Traders as an investigation
to establish the Mechanical Properties of the British
Standard Wrought Automobile Steels. British Engineering Standards Association report No. 75, 1920.
21. Private correspondence With W. T. Flather Limited.
22. Private correspondence With The British Rolling Mills
Co., Limited.
23. Private correspondence With Arthur Lee & Sons Limited.

7. Iron and Steel Institute Special Report No. 36, Symposium

on the Hardenability of steel, Organized by The Technical Advisory Committee of The Special and Alloy Steels
Committee (Ministry of Supply) and The Iron and Steel
Institute, 1946.

24.

8. British Iron and Steel Research Association unpublished

data.

26. C. J. Smithells, Metals Reference Book,2nd Edition. Butterworths, London, 1953.

9. Private correspondence with The Park Gate Iron and

Steel Co., Limited.
10. Private correspondence with The United Steel Companies Limited.
11. British Standard 971, Commelltary on The British
Standard Wrought Steels, En Series, British Standards
Institution, London, 1950.
12. Private correspondence with The English Steel Corpor.
atlon Limited.
13. Private correspondence with Edgar Allen and Co.,
Limited.
14. Private correspondence with Round Oak Steel Works
Limited.

15. Modern steels and their properties, Carbon and AI/ay

Steel Bars, 5th Edition, 1959. Bethlehem Steel Company
U.S.A.
16. J.A. Jones, The present trend in alloy constructional
steels, Midland Metallurgical Society: Iron and Steel
Industry, Vol. 10 p. 194-201. Dec. 1936.
17. H. Muir, M. L. Averbach and M. Cohen. The Elastic
Limit and Yield Behaviour of Hardened Steels. Trans.
Am. Soc. Metals, Vol, 47, p. 380. 1955

Wa~

Office unpublished report.

25. T.Williams and H.f. Hall, The effect of specimen size

on tensile properties of coarse-grained mediumcarbon steel at low temperature,). Iron & Steel Inst.,
Vol 193 p. 56. Sept. 1959.

27. H.W. Gillett,

of metals at
No. 13 of the
on the Effect
Metals.

Impact resistance and tensile properties

sub-atmospheric temperatures. Project
joint ASME, ASTM Research Committee
of Temperatures on the Properties of

28. Private correspondence with De Havilland Aircraft

Company.
29. Private correspondence with Brown Bayley Steels
Limited.
30. M. C. fetzer, Torsional vs. tensile properties of steels.
Steel, Vol. 118. pp. 92-94, 119-123. 24 June. 1946
31. E. B. Evans L. J. Ebert and C.W. Briggs, Fatigue properties
of comparable cast and wrought steels, Proceedings
of Am.. Soc. for Testing Materials. Vol, 56, pp. 979.
1956,
32. A. Pomp and M. Hempel, Fatigue Strength and notch
coefficient of unalloyed and Alloy Constructional
steel at +20 and -78C Arch. (iir das Eisenhiittenwesen, Vol, 21, pp. 53. Jan/Feb. 1950
33. C. Massonnet, The effect of size, shape and grain size
on the fatigue strength of medium carbon steel. Proceedings of Am. Soc. for Testing Materials. Vol, 56,
pp. 954. 1956,

En 9

"55" CARBON STEEL

SPECIFICATION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)

En 9
En 9K(I)

Si

Mn

050-060
050-0'60

005-0'35
005-0'35

0'50-0'60
0'50-0'80

P
0060 max
0050 max

0060 max
0'050 max

(1) En 9K is intended for special applications only.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Condition
Hardened and Tempered

Normalind

Limitinc rulinc section in.

Tensile stnneth, Tons/sq in., (R m )
Yield stress, Tons/sq.in. min 1 (R s'
0'::1% Proof Strell. Toni/sq. in. 2 min. (O.::IRpl
Eloneation. per cent, min (A)
Brinell Hardness number 3 H8.

4
45min
::13

18
::101-::155

l'

::I
45min
50min
30
33
::18
31
18
18
::101-::155 ::I::I3-::In

Cold
Drawn

Ii

::I
50-65

55min
36

-1::1

34
15
::148-30::1

::1::13-30::1

Remarks
(1) Not to be used as acceptance tests except by apecial arranc.ment between purchuer and manufacturer.
(::I) Applies to En 9K when specifically requested in the enquiry or orders.
(3) For information pupases only. Not contractual part of the specification.

RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
--En
No.

9 and
9K

UNITED KINGDOM
B.S.

1506/155
1506/16::1
::1::14/1

B.S.
Air

570
579

AMERICA

FRANCE

S.A.E. A.I.S.I.

A.F.N.O.R.

1055

Cl055

C 55 d
XC 55 f

GERMANY
Werkstoff
No.

SWEDEN

Name

D.I.N.

1.1::113

CK53

1.0601

17m}
17::1::13

C60

"""j
17 ::100
17m
17::1::13

129

5.1.5.

14.1606
14.1655

U.S.S.R.
G.O.S.T.

Mlrk

9n-58
1050--{,()

55l
MST7
55

9543--{'()

KSt7

380--{'()

En 9
130

Properties

of

the British Standard En steels

APPLICATIONS
This steel Is suitable for the manufacture of sprockets and springs, cylinders, cams, crankshafts. keys. small arm parts
such as rifle barrels. small gears. machine tools. balls for ball mills, ball race housings machined parts requiring moderate
wear resistance. for which toughness is not of primary importance. It can be surface hardened by flame and Induction processes to give high surface hardness and wear resistance provided care is taken during the hardening process.

WELDING
(See Introduction for key to symbols used In this table)
Weldin. Pro....
M.A.
En 9 and 9K

G.

I.G.

S.

f.

bx.

B.

Raproducad by kind parmiuion of H.M.S.O.

MACHINABILITY
The machinability of this steel In the normalized condition is ap proximately 50 to 60 per cent of that for mild steel
(En.3) whilst In the hardened and tempered condition it is only 35 to 45 per cent of that for mild steel.

HOT WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES

1150 finish
810-840C
650-700 oC
810-840oC
810 -840 oC
550-660C

Forging. Rolling and Stamping

Annealing
Subcrltical annealing
Normalizing
Hardening
Tempering

above 850C
Furnace cool
Air cool
Air cool
Oil or Water quench
Air cool

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (d)

Chamical Composition (%)

C

SI

Mn

. .. ..

0'S5

0'23

0'58

(loSS

0'28

0'65

Hoat

Nl

0'16

0'038 0027

.
-

Treatment

5.G. at
20C

Raf.

7'83
7'85
7'86

..

C
00.830T.600
Normalized
00.830 T.6040

En 9
"55" Carbon Steel

131

SPECIFIC HEAT (c)

Chemical Composition (%)

C

51

Mn

055

028

065

Meln Specific Helt. Calli del C

Heat
Treatment

0038 0'0271 00.830T.600

R.f.

20 to
200C

20 to
3000C

20 to
400C

20 to
500C

20 to
600C

0'114

0123

0'131

0'138

0'1471

MEAN COEFFICIENT THERMAL EXPANSION (a)

Chemical Composition (%)

C

51

Mn

0'55

023

058

0'55

028

065

Ni

10' X Meln Coellieient of The.mal Explnslon per dec C

H..t
Treatment
C

Normalized
00.830 T.600
00.830T.640

0'16

0038 0027

20 to
l00C

20 to
2000C

11
12'7
12'6
11-65

20 to
300C

20 to
400C

13

12-30

20 to
500C

15

14-30

1380

R.f.

20 to
700C

14

1325

20 to
6000C

..

..

1485

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (I?)

Chemical Composition (%)

:..

Helt
Treatment

51

Mn

Ni

055

0'23

0'58

0'16

0'55

0'28

0'65 0'038 0'027

C
Normalized
00.830 T.600
OQ.830T.640

Electriol Resistivity. microhm-em

20C

177
186
199

100C

2000C

245

3000C

4OOC

6OOC

508

408

31-8

500C

606

Rol.

..1

165

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (k)

Chemical Composition (%)

C

51

Mn

Nl

0'55

013

058

016

0'55

0'28

0'65

0'038 0'027

..

Heat
Treatment
C
Normalized

00.830 T.600
00.830 T.640

The.m.1 Condueti_ity. CII/cm del C

l000C

2000C

300"C

0'110
0'092
0'118

0'112

0'105

4COOC

0096

SOOOC

6000C

0'089

0080

R.f.

..

En 9
132

of the 8ritish Standard En steels

Properties

YOUNG'S MODULUS (E) SHEAR MODULUS (G)

Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

Ni

..
0'17
..
..

0'58

0'16

..
..

..
0'59
..
..
..
..
.

0'28

0'65

...
...
..

..
..
..
076
....
..
....
..
..
..

023

0'S5

..
..
......
0'55
..
..
.
..
..
0'51

..
..
....
..
..

.
....

053

026

....
..
..
....
..

..
..
"

..
..
..
..
..

....
..
..
..
0027
..
..
...
...

0'010

..
..

0015

...
...
...
..

0'038

..
..
..
...
..
..

Youn,'l Modulul
Tonl/lq.in.

Shear
Modulul
Tonl/lq.in.

'C

'C

Static Dynamic'

Static

..
..

....
..
..
..

.....
...
....

..

N840

..
..

...

OQ.840 T.650

....

13,250
13,150
13,450
12,950
12,500
11,800
11,250
10,900

16
100
200
300
400
500
20
100
200
300
400
500
600
+20
-50
-120
-150
-196
+20
-50
-120
-150
-196

....
OQ.830 T.640
..

--

..
..

Tut
Temperlture

Normalized
OQ.830 UOO
Normalized

0'12

...
.....

0038

0'046

..

Heat
Treatment

13,300
13,600
13,850
13,900
14,050
13,500
13,700
14,000
14,200
14,400

Ref.

..
..
..
..
..
..
2
..
..
..
..
....

5,270
5,181
5,050
4,960
4,780
4,280

13,750
13,550
13,150
12,700
12,150
11,700
10,500

....
..
..
..

..

.....

Vibration mothod.

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Chemical Composition (%)
C

SI

Mn

Hut
Trutment
'C

Coer-

Ma,netic Induction B (,au..) for MAlnetizin, Field of H (oorated)

H ... 10

055 0'28 0'65 0038 0'0271 OQ.830 T.640 11000

20

30

40

60

80

100

6000 11800 13600 lS300 16100 16700

150

200

250

17600 18100 18700

Rema

dve

lorce
Hc
(oora
ted)

15

nence

Ref.

Brem
(Iau..)

13800

En 9
"55" Carbon Steel

133

TRANSFO RMATION CHARACTERISTICS

ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION
ChemiCAl Composition (%l
C

51

0'53 035

Mn

0'70

001

NI

0020 024

Cr

Mo

Cu

0'09

-< 0'1

0'52

AI

0049 -< 003

Basic Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6 (ASTM)
Actual grain size 11 (ASTM)
Austenitizing Temperature 82SoC. ! hr.
(Ref 5)

800

- "'3c, I-I-- - -

I-- -

I--

'--

V-

~-

v:
//

b 00

'.'"'1 1

+/t
I

- I--

-- -

I--

~-

I--

- - - -- -

1----

"

F +(

+(

"V
V 10-........ V
......
V
...

~?v
A VV
/ 1/ , '" '" / V

00

-- '-

\
\

"

00\

r'..

'\

\
~- 1 300 1----

- t-r- ~I- l -

Ms

~ r--.......

I--

I-

I--

I--

M+A
200

100

Soc

'1

10

20

10

40 I
Min
DUl"'Otion

Fie.

of isothlm'1nl

9.1

20

40 I
Hr

treotment

10

201
DOl

En 9
Properties of the 8rltlsh Standard En steels

134

HARDENABILITY
END QUENCH HARDENABILITY CURVES

Cham leal Composition (%)

C

51

Mn

055

028

065

0'038 0'027

Cr

Mo

0'08

0'05

Acid Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 3-5 (ASTM)
Bars End Quenched from 830C

1000

800 r-...

...
;

bOO

400

200

'\

'--05

12

10
Ib

20

I 5

24

Oi'l"Once from quenched en4 of bo' (in)

28

Inche,
lb Sideenths

En 9
"55" Carbon Steel
END QUENCH HARDENABILITY CURVES
(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)

A.
B.

McQuaid Ehn grain size A

B
Actual grain size
A
B

3-S
S-6
4-6
8

51

Hn

051
0'54

031
041

07]
0'61

0'044 0031
0015 0016

NI

Cr

Mo

0'19
008

0'06
007

0'01
001

Procea

A.O.H.
E.

(6) (ASTM)
(7) (ASTM)
(l~) (ASTM)
(6-7) (ASTM)

Bars Normalized 87SoC End Quenched from 8S0C

(Ref. 7)

\\

bO

';1

\~

40

30

quenched

--- -

I~

:2

t--

10

.... ......

~;8

10

o
Dislonce f,om Wale' quenched end of bo,

(in)

FiC9.3

(Ref. 7)
00

50

40

::I

30

I,

10

Tempered

1'--

---

10

SOC

t---

doc
&

10

Dillonc. f'om wale'

12

14

1&

que nched end of bo'

Fla. 9...

J8

20

Qn)

22

_8
-A

24

En 9
Properties of the British Standard En steels

136

HARDNESS TRAVERSE CURVES

Oil Quenched 830C

3&0

\ I

I~"d; .

3bO

340

......
320

300

......

",\lJ/

\/

1\

2&0

Sl

Mn

0'55

028

0'65

0038 0'027

Cr

Mo

008

005

240

20

10

4Yz'dio.

1/

I~

2bO

Chemical Composition (%)

\V

(Ref. 6)

~2Y~'d;o

20

I{)

Distanc.. (rom centre of ber

(in)

Fie. 9.5

Acid Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 3-5 (ASTM)

Oil Quenched 830 Tempered 640C

2bO

""

250

240

.a

230

:I:

1
l;

:I:

r\\ /''/'';".
~VI

1\

........

220

210

200

2'0

1\ /
\)
~o

1'0

Distonce frQIII conlre of bar (in)'

FI,.9.6

)'Iz"diO

2'0

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)

Process of
Manufl.cture

Tensile

A5TM

Grain
Size

Section

Si

Mn

Size

Ni

Cr

Mo

dia.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

OC
BO.H.

McOulid
Ehn

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
A.O.H.

A.O.H.

8.0.H.

3-5

051
051

..

..

0'24

0'81
0'75

0'027

..
..

0'025

..

I
H

0'24

0'68

0038

..

0'16

051

..
..

0'027

017

Hsq.

052
052
052
0'52
052
0'52
0'52
052

0'20
0'25
0'24
019
023
0'26
0'31
0'24

0'63
0'65
0'80
0'80
066
0'65
073
056

0028
0'046
0'030

0'020
0'016
0'020

0032
0034
004..
0029

0'036
0'024
0'032
0037

0'17
0'17
0'19

0-52

0'26

081

0048

0045

0'10

..

..

..

..

..

0'53
053
0-53
0'53
o-Sl

..

0'25

079
0'71
0'81
0'64
0'68

0-53
053
0-53

0'26
0'23
0'12

081
0'81
0'48

0'C37

..

....
..
..

070
0'62
0'57
0'62

...
...

0015
OOH
0'033

0'016
0'030
0'020

..

..

....

B.e.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

..
..

0'24
0'11
0'26

..

..
..
..
..
..

..
..

..

054
0'504
0'54
0'54

022
0'42
Oll
023

..

..

..
..
..
..

0047
0'039

..

0032

...

....

11

3t
H
3t

006

002

0018
0017

0027

It
I
.. sq.

..

,.

0'10

of1 i-

H
Ii
H

..

0'19

.....
...

..

0'017

tfsq.

0'08
023
0'17

0'07

0'01

,.

3t

...
..

As Rolled
N.820

H
0'12

CD.T.6S0
N840

I .....

..

N.830
N.840
N.840
N.B75
N.M3
WO.7BB T.649
00.850 T.600

N.820
N.820
N.830
N.830
N.840

..

00.830 T.650
00.830 T.650
00.788
00.788 T.204
00.788 T.316
00.788 T."27
00.788 T.538
00.788 T.649
00.788 T.760
N.930
Normalized

..

N.840

0'1%
P.S.

0'2%
P.S.

0'5%

Y.P.

(R s )

P S.

(0'1R p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

T.S.
(R m )

EI(%)
(A)

4YA; D

Tons/sq.;n.

27'6
28'7
284
25'8

486
488
500
478
472

22
23
21
22
19

29'6
29'6
33'6
25
23'2
26'4
268
21'2
37'7
370

496
492
51,2
46
..56
..7'2
..9'8
43'7
..9'7
56'5

21
21
19
22
2..
20
21t
24 i22
11

30'"
28..
29
29'2
27'2
27'2
36
36
37'1
38'5
36,"
38'1
330
289
239
30
300
25,2
290

508
..9'0
50
..8'0
47'0
..7,2
5..
55
577
59'B
57'6
57,7
..9..
42'6
397
51
48'5
..7'2
53'8

23
22
20
23
23
24
23
23
12
II
11
lH
Hi20
lli21
24
19
18

(R.A.)
(%)

Izod
ft. lb.

Ref.

(Z)

8
9

..
..

..
...

10

36

..2 i"I i56 i..5

11
9

..

7
12

13

&'
~

....

V)

t1I

..

!t

10

..2

II
2
9

..5

II

47
5H
59
51
..9
58i65
53
36
46i-

..
..

......
...
..

12

13

11
7
9

.......

::::s
-0

=
-0
--

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATU RE

(continued)

CO

T.nsil.

Ch.mlcal Composition (%)

A5TH
Grain
Size

Proc.u of
Hanufacture

51

Hn

Nt

Cr

Section
Size
dia.
(in.)

Ho

H.at
T....tm.nt

0'1% 0'2% 0'5%

P5.
P.S.
P.S.
(001R p ) (0'2R p) (05R p)

..

..
...

5-7

..
..
....

...
"

..
"
...
.
"

..
..
..
..
"
"

..

..
..

..
.
.....
..

..
...
..

..

0'033
0'012

019

069

0030

0'012

0054

..
..
"

0'033
0013

0'24
0'27

..
.

..

..

Osa
0'57

0'54
0'54

..

...
...
...

..
..
..

..

...
..
..

"

..

...
..

..
..
..
..
..

.
..

..

....
....
.....

.
..
..
..

..
..

..
...

...

..
....
..
..
....

...

..
....
..
.....

...
.
..
..

..

..
..
..

..
..
...
..

..
....

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
....
..
"

0'18
0011

. .
.... ...

..

..
.
....
.

59'1
54'5
50'2

..1..

OQ.842 T.538
OQ.842 T.593
OQ.842 T.650

33'9
31'5
287

55'1
50'9
47'3

...

OQ.842 T.538
OQ.842 T.593
OQ.842 T.6SO

33'4
30'4
28'6

5H
500
46'9

23

OQ.842 T.538
OQ.842 T.593
OQ.842 T.6SO

308
26'2
24'8

54'0
45'1
432

19i
25
25.

..

..
..
..
..
....

..
..
..
..
....
..
....

..

390
362
33'0

1
2
4

"

..

4
1

240

OQ.842 T.538
OQ.842 T.595
OQ.842 T.6SO

-Ii

"

..
..

..

AI RolI.d
A.787
N.m

..
..
"

25'9

27'2

R.A.(%)

(Z)

'zocl
ft. lb.

20
2H
21
20

23.

21i
20
20

21i
20.

23

2H
20

23

24.
19i

25

64
31i
40
40

9
1

23

45
39i
39
41i

1H
17t
20
16i
20

53
sa
62

21i
22
32

53t
57t
60.

24
22.
22

51.
sst
59

19i
20
19.

48

22
21i
28

54.
56i

WQ.829 T.538
WQ.829 T.593
WQ.829 T.650

412
393
38'4

59'8
53'1
49'1

20.
21
25

54.
60
60.

42
51
6st

WQ.829 T.538
WQ.829 T.593
WQ.829 T.6SO

41'2
35'7
341

sa'6
52'7
48'7

20
22.

55
60
61

23

WQ.829 T.538
WQ.829 T.593
WQ.829 T.6SO

37'6
35'2
30'6

54'8
523
482

....

WQ.829 T.538
WQ.829 T.593
WQ.829 T.650

34'9
30'5
29'1

548
SO, 1
466

..
..
..
1

R.f,

4fA 50

26'8
23'7
279
277
26'0
25'0

..
..

Normaliz.d
N.830

EI(%)
(A)

464
54'0
460
46'4
41'2
49'7
484
47'4
....6

.....Iq.

Tr.

T.S.
(R m )

Tonl/lq.in.

"C

B,O.H.
B.E.

Y.P.
(RJ

23.

21

24

56.

23.

2H

61
61

21i
23t
25

sst
sst
61

15
1st
16i

20.

23

2H
25

..
....
....
.
....
...

14

..
.....

.
..

....

..
.
.....

....
..
..

:,0

!!
~

..

So
CD

<;;

::J-

....VI
:3
gQ

il
ITI
:3

'"
'"

!!..

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Tenlile

Chemical Composition (%)

Procen of
Manufacture

Section
Size

ASTM
Grain
Size

SI

Mn

Nl

Cr

Mo

dia.

Heat
Treatment

(In.)

02% 05%
0'1%
P.S.
P.S.
P.5.
(O'lR p ) (0'2R p ) (0'5R p )

..

0'55
055

..

..

6-7
"

0'87
0'67

..
....

..
..
..

..
..

..

"

....

0'55
0'55

0'15
0'15

070
0'73

..

0027
0024

0'025
Oon

028
..

0'65

0038

0027

..
.

..

..

055
0'56
0'56
0'56
0'56
0'57
0'57
057
057
0'57
0'58
0'58
058

_.~

0'16
0'18
0'~8

021

0'64
0'65
070
080

' 0'20

0'66
073
078
069

020
0'23

H
H

0'564

..
..

.
.
..
.

..

0'69
078

..

3i
Tr

0-08

005

1t

082 Hex
0032
0048
0024

f
2f
2f

0031

0027
0017

0'09

....6

4yA 50

(Z)

25i
ni
14
23
2'"
14 i
2H
17 i

14
28
21
20
29
27
20

63'7

16i

46

17

....6

62'6

17

47

20

388

58'1

20

54i

353

53'5

23

57

29

315
372
388
384

479
55'6
56'8
57'2
506

2H
n
18
21
29
24

6"
50
47
42
56i

29

CO. and Annealed

CO.T.650
OQ.830 T.600
OQ.830 T.650

26'4
37'2
34

493
49'7
55'2
53

ni
21
21
24

As Rolled

55'2
488
51'9
49
53

n
20 i
18
20

n4

31-8

32'1

33'1

6i

OQ.830 T.570

1l

1t

CD and Annealed
N.840
OQ.830T.610

278
298
40

46'1
484
58

24
ni
21

1t

OQ.830 T.600

40'8

"4

Ii

N.810
00.830 T.640

29'2
376

482
56'0

22
21

'zoe!

ft. lb.

42
42
55
47
47
59
46

30'9
81'4
37'1
30'6

1t

3 Iq.

0039
0033

35'0
438

53'8
508
"',0
563
49'2
804
540
644

R.A.(%)

360
30
30'4
28
36

0'047
0039

C.O. T650
N.830
WQ.830T.450
WQ.830 T.600
N.830
WQ.830T.450
WQ.830 T.600
OQ.850
OQ.850 T1 hr 200
WQ
OQ.850 T. 1hr 400
WQ
WQ.851lT.lhr 550
WQ
WQ.850T.lhr600
WQ
WQ.850 T.l hr 650
WQ
OQ.830T.500
OQ.830T.590
OQ.830T.600
OQ.830T.640

EI(%)
(A)

Normalized
N.830

2f

on

0'23
021

059
0'60
060

078
0'70
0'63
079

0'564

..

..

..

0'53

"
"

..
..

0'21

0'06

..
..
..
..
..

0'55

3-5

..
"

..
....
..

0'05

T.5.
(R m)

Tonl/sq.;n.

C
McQuaid
Ehn.
3-5

Y.P.
(Rs)

..

Ref.

8
2

.....
..
..

..
..

..

!!..

..9

C"\
Q

13

50
51

III

..
8

9
11

..

10
8
11

28

..
..
8

11

45

38
50

..
..
..

8
-

1
9

....w

-0

:::s

-0

En 9
140

Properties o(the British Standard En steels

EFFECT OF COLD WORK
Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

ASTM
Grain
Size

51

Mn

Section
Si.e
dia.
(in.)

0'2%
O'S%
0'1%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'1R p) (0'2R p) (O'SR p)

Heat Treatment

T.S.
(R m)

Tons/sq.in.
McQuaid
Ehn.
8

....
..

....
...

0'59

.. ....
. ..
..

018

056

. .
.. ..
.. ..

0023 0'023

..

1-33

.. ..

Hot Rolled
Normalized
N+ 8% CO
N+ll% CD
N+19% CD

250

255

360
372
380

436
....6
46'0

278
25-9
515
524
554

526
50'4
55'8
58'4
624

EJ(%)
(A)

bod
ft. lb.

4VA

50

21
23+

17
21

10
15
5
7
5

"

13

8
8

8
6

Rer.

..
..
..
..

15

EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(Ref. 14).
Rance of Chemical Composition (%)

Mn

048/0'55 060/090 004 max

004 ma"

l' dia bar. Oil Quenched 842C

l' dia bar. Water Quenched 830"C

80..----,----,---,-----,----,----,

80r------.---~----,.----r----,----.,

T.n,il. ,Ironqlh

70r---+---+----l---+----jf----l

701----+-~-==:t-..,..----l----+-----j.----I

bO

bO

...
"...
E

=! 50

.d

...

.:

....
i

Ii

.
....

'J'

40

.~
do

...
0

50

40

.~

j'

30

-:;,...
c
0

30

20

20

101---+--L.:-j.----l----+---f-----l

101-----+--=_=->4----+----1----+---,

100

200

300

400

T.mptrinq I.mptraturo

Fic9.7.

500

c.

boo

700

100

200

400

300
remporinq

500

tomporotur.oC

Fie. 9.8.

bOO

En 9
"55" Carbon Steel

141

EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON THE RANGE OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

These curves have been compiled from the test results of several casts of En 9. 011 quenched from 810Cj8400C and
tempered at 650C.
70

....

~
1:

...

&0
Rlduction
of area

so

40

301-----+----t---+----+-=~~+_--__l

&01-----+---+----+---+------1----1

2O.1------+---+------l----+----I---~

4
Sac tion ,itA

FiC.9.9

(in)

m
~

-.0

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)
Se~tio"

Protess of

Manufacture

51

Mn

NI

Size
di&.

Cr

Heat Treatment

...

(in.)

..
...
..
.....

053

A.O.H.

...
..
.

0'55

.... ..

.... ...

028

..
..
...
...
.

....
.....
....
.

026

0-76

...
...

..
.. ......

...

..
...
.

... ....
.. ..

...
...

..

..

N.840

..
..

..
..
.
..

OQ.840 T.650

..

..
..

0'032 0039

..
..

...

Ii

006

0'18

...

'.'%
p.S.
0

Normalixed

0048 0038

....
.....

066

0'25

005

0'30

0'57

"%
'.'%
I
P.S.
P.S
0

..
...
..

OQ.88O T.650

T.S.
(Rm)

Tons/sq.in.

+16
0
-29

+20
-50
-120
-150
-196
+20
- 50
-120
-ISO
-196

+25
-60
-120
-146
-196

2' 8
290
382
457
589
490
51'0
56'2
624
730

33'3
346
41'3
46'4
673

252
288
386
458
61'2
497
51'6
564
65'3
80'2

35'2
386
45'3
49'1
690

25'1
288
38'6
45'8
61"3
50'0
52'0
57'2
654
80'7

35'3
38'7
45'4
49'4
69'8

249
29'1
38'6
45'9
61'7
505
52'3
578
65'5
808

252
30'0
390
470

....

Tr-ansition

Y.P. (Rs)

Temp. (O'OIR p ) (O'IR p) (0'2R p ) (O'SR p )

C

0'52

1,.,,%
P.S

Test

Tensile

240
280
379
45'2

358
386
4S'2
500
69'7

EI
(%)
(A)
4fA

Temperature C

R.A

494
52'0
52'2

25i
24

37
25i

46'2
510
580
60'6
636
58'3
59'8
668
74'6
83'5

21i
21i

43
41
37 i
30
6t
49
50
47
35
12

538
595
67'1
700
72'4

nt

19 t
3
21
24
24
20
9

23
25

n
n

50%

(%)'
(Z)

51
48i
44t
38 t

M.~

SO"lo

Ref.

it;

Fibrous

EnerlY Fracture

..
..
..
...
...

4
+55

+67

-5

+2

..

See Fig. 9.10

..

-i
~

i'D'

'"

o
-...

SC1)

co

:::!.
....

Vi'

::7"

~
Q

;:,

2-

a.
Chemical Composition (%)
AST....
Grain Size

MtOuaid

Sec-rion
Size

51

Mn

Nl

Cr

Mo

... ... ... ... ... ... ....

.. . .. .. .. .. .

Ehn

0'55

3-5

0056

0'25

0'66

0032 0039 0018

085

0038 0027

-.

0'08

(in.)

...

.,

005

Heat Treatment

dill.

Ii

0'06

... ... ... ... ... . ... ...

0'28

I'T1

Tensile

...

Ii

Test
Temp.

..
....

+25
-120
-146
-195

OQ.810 T.650

....

OQ.830 T.640

0'1%
0'2%
0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O'IR p ) (0'2R p) (0'5R p )

Y.P.
(Rs )

T.S.
(R m)

36'0
500
53'8
72'0

EI(%) (A)
4YA

Tons/sq.in.

358
494
5-41
719

;:,

368
498
53'5
717

53'1
675
698
82'5

25
24
26!
8

506
57'1
69

2Si
24i
2

50

R.A.
(%)

(Z)

58i
5Si
51
10

--R.T.

-72

-169

Ref.

...
.
--

32'4
36

2H

56
-4
2

....

13

:;'"C1)

in

En 9
"55" Carbon Steel

143

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

(Ref. 4)
Chemical Composi'ion (%)
C

Si

Mn

055

025

066

0032

Ni

0039

018

Cr

006

See also Tensile Properties at Low Temperature

bOI---I------l;;===;:::::;;;~
(harpy V notch.

:!

....,

40

...

.
i

...a
u

.!

20

0'--

-100

+100

+200

Tempera lure C

Fil. 9.10 (a)

iDO

(harpy V notch

eo
!

g
u

bO

5
a

'""
5
0

40

:.-

20

0. ,,;0:::0:-------O::o=-.------+...JIOO
l-------+..J

200

Te.mpeltl'ure 0 C

Fil. 9.10 (b)

m
:::s

t
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE
Chemical Composition (%)
Process of
Manufacture

51

Mn

NI

Cr

Ho

Section
51'Z.
dia.
(in.)

Tensile
Heat Treatment
C

....
..
....
....

0'51

A.O.H.

....
.....

0'55

....
....
....

...
....
.....
.. ....
. ..

0'17

...
....

0-28

059

...
...
....

065

.... ... ....

.. .. ...

0-58

0'18

072

..
..
..
.....
....

....
..
.....

...
..
...

..

....
..
...
...
.. ..
. .

0010 0'015

....
...
....

0038 0077

0'12

....
....
.

Tr

...
..
..
...
...
..
...
....
..

008

....
....
....

0'05

..
..
....

It

...,

Normalized

Test
Temp.

L.P.

005%
P.5.
(0'05R p )

C
16
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500

0'1%
P.5.
(O"R p)

0'2%
0'5% Y.P. T.5.
P.5.
P.5.
(Rs ) (R m )
(0'2Rp ) (0'5R p)

Tons/sq.in.

4t'A

178
205
167
15'5
105
98
93
77

225
21-9
215
21-5

4'7

600

710

......
..
.

OQ.830 T.640

.....
..

A.850 t hr F.C.

EI(%)
(A)

418
403
46'7
48'5
477
479
43'6
369
324
25'7
151
60

R.A-

(%)

SO

33
22
15
14
20t
25t
28
33
32
38
57t

46t
43
29
22
2H
29t

...
.....

59t
61t
68
88
92t

....
.

44

73

Ref.

(Z)

..

,.

--- -20
100
200
300
400
SOO
600

R.T.
100
200
300
400
SOO

30'6
31'0
30'3
27'5
23'0
18'5

315
32'0
31-5
29'2
25'0
19'6

32'5
330
330
315
270
21-3

210
195
21'0
18'1
170
13-5

34'4
36'0
365
345
29'5
23'5
125

53'0
525
535
555
437
31-3
19

24
23
21
17 t
27
35
41

22t
19t
16
13T
24
33
39t

sat
58
55
47t
65

...
.....
..
6

-450
430
SO'O
SO'O
385
22'0

...
....
..
4

.g

..,....
~

~.

....

~
~

tJ:o

;;,

VI

8:;,

a
ITl
:;,

'"~

;;;~

-0

En 9
145

"60" Carbon-Chromium Steel

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
C

SI

Mn

Ni

O'SS

0'28

06S

0038

oon

Tr

Cr

Mo

008 005

Acid Open Hearth

l' dia. bars Oil Quenched from S300e
and Tempered at 640 e
0

(Ref. 6)
70 r--.......:.""T'"----,----,------r-~-._--.....,

&01---+---1---+---,4---+-----1

501t----+---+--~___i.......y.~,____+---+_--_l

l:-

SI
c
~40I----+----l----l----~
~

.r!

flo

'Sc JoF==+===t::::::.::::........J--=~~L~k--~

..
o

201----+----=~-=--_+___,~-+_-----=~~

10t---+---I---+---+---+--

200

100

soo

400

JOO

r"pItOIU r

&00

lesi'c

0(

Fic.911.

STRESS RUPTURE DATA

Chemical Composition (%)
C

..

051

..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..

SI

Mn

.... 059..
..
.. ..
.... ....
.. ..
.. ..
.... ....

017

..

..

..
..
..

..
..
..
.. ..
.... ..
..
.. ..
.... ....
.. ..

0010 0015

NI

..
..

012

..
....

..
..

....
.

Section
Size
die
(in.)

Heat Treatment

Test
Temp.

..

Normalized

..
..

300
380

..
..

..
....
....
..
..

..

00.870 T.6OO 6hr

..
....
..
..
..

+40

..

300

..
...

<400

..

500

Applied
Fracture
Stress
Tonslsq. in. Time
hr

H
30
20
H
36
39
22
2<4
25
8
10

1536
192
<420
2860
96
575
600

<48
12
586
96

Ref.

..
..

16

..3

..
..
..
....
..

m
::s

--0
-"

CREEP DATA
I
Chemical Composition (%)
C

Mn

Si

Section
Size
dia

(in.)

Ni

.. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. . .. ..

..
..

0'59 0010 0'015 0'12

O.Sl 017

Heat Treatment

Temp

Test

Stress (Tons/sq. in.) to Produce Stated Creep

Rate (in./in.)

0'01 per day 0001 per day 0'0001 per day O'OOOOlper day

..
..

300
400
500

OQ.870 T.600 6hr

364
236
95

345
210
71

32'2
166
3'7

Ref.

...

296
15'6
2'7

1.,....
III

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN TORSION

Chemical Composition (%)
Process
of

ASTM

factur.

Size

Manu-

Grain

A.O.H.
A.O.H
A.O.H.

Si

020
039
012

.... .....
.. ...
.. ..
.. .
.. ..
.... ..
.. ....

051

0'56

017

028

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo ,

.. .
..... .....
..
... ..
.. ..
... ..
.
.. ....

dia.

(in.)

Tyre

.. ...

....

059 0010 0'045 0'12

.. .
. ..
.... .
..
.... ..
.. .
.... ..

0'65 0038 0'027

Size

0'69 0040 0'039

0'87 0023 0'036
0'80 0050 0'050

Tr

....
..
..
..

..
..

008

0'05

..a.

Tensile

Section

0'60
053
0'60

3-5

~.

,..

Heat
Treatment
C
Normalized
Normalized
As Rolled

...
...
....
.

Normalized

..
..

OQ.830 T.640

Test
Temp.

L. P.

0'5%
P.S.
(0'5R p )

Y.P.
(Rs)

T.S.
(R m)

270
26'0
18'7

16
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
710

178
205
167
155
105
9''1
93
77

RT

300

32'4

47

292
29S
322
22'5
219
21-5
215

Izod
ft. lb.

III

Apparent Probable

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

48'6
532
549

22
18 *
15

38
3H
2H

41'8
40'3
467
485
47'7
479
43'6
369
324
257
15'1
60

33
22
15
14
20 *
2H
28
33
32
38
57i
73

46*
43
29
22
23
2H
44
5H
61 *
68
88
9H

13'6
12'9
13'1
11'8

506

25*

56

207

Tons/sq.in.

RT
RT
RT

S-

Torsion

LP.

Y.P.

Max.

Shear

stress

(Z)

Mn

Shear

Ref.

Stress

::r
In

Tons/sq.in.
8
6
5

82

7'3

3'6

16'6
172
175

40'0
49'6
49'7

333
372
373

15'5
15'1
149
147

40'4
398
40'0
40'0

303
29'9
30'0
300

...

31-3
24'5
-

162
8'5
3'7

...
..
.
..
....
..
.

51'1

38'3

41-3

327
21'6
11'3
50

.,

tJ>

tt

VI
....
Q

a.
~

ITl
~

....
III
In

III

C;;

En 9
147

"60" Carbon-Chromium Steel

FATIGUE PROPERTIES
Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Mn

51

0'26
0'12

0'52
053

..
..
..
.
....

"

.. ..
.. ..
..
.. ....
.. ....
..

0'55

023

0'58

0'18

Cr

..
on
..
..
..
.
..

..
....
..
....

..

N.830
OQ.850 T.64O
F.C.850

Ii

0'16

..
....
..
..

..
..
....
..

Mn

dia

Ni

.. .. . .. . ..-

..
.....
..
..

051

0'24

0'17

....
.
..

..

056 0029 0037

..
....
..
.
..

..
..
..
...
..

..
..
....
....

4 sq.

..
....
.....

..
....
..
...

059 0010 0015 0'12

Teu
Temp.

Heat Treatment

(in.)
052

EI
(%)
(A)

20
100
200
300
400
5:>0

45

59
51
49
58 t
65
53

38
55
32t

Limit

sit

21
18
14t

Fatigue

Ref.

Tons/sq.in.

(Z)

56'5 22
577 12
598 11
57'6 11
577 11t
494 14t
426 20
39'7 22t

46'5
560
46'5

Bendin&

R.A.
(%)

270
299
304
29'9
290
263
2H
174

13
12

19
22-5
24'0
230
25'6
32'9
27'8
1l'1

....
..
..
....

..
..
..
..
..
..

Tenlile
Section
Size

51

278
410

21-0
295

Chemical Composition (%)

T.s1
(Rm)

37
371
385
36'4
381
33'0
289
23-9

OQ.788 T.204
OQ.788 T.316
OQ.788 T.427
OQ.788 T.538
OQ.788 T.649
OQ.788 T.760

....

Rota.tine

Y.P.
(Rs)

Tons/sq.in.

..
..
..

.. ..

0'58

0.5%
0'1%
P.S.
P.S.
(O'IR p) (0.5R p )

OQ.850 T.600
Ii
tt sq. OQ.788

..
..
....

..
..
..
..
..

Heat
Treatment

Section
Size
dia.
(in.)

081 0048 0045 0'10 0'10

048 0037 0017

..
..
..
....
.. ..

.....
.

Ni

Test
Temp

N.843
WQ.7B8 T.649

R.T.
R.T.

....

16
100
200
300
400
500

Normalized

..
,.
..

Y.P.
(R s)

T.S.
(Rm)

Tons/sq.in.
21-2
377

437
497

RoudnC

EI

(%)

Bend

R.A.

(A)

(%)
(Z)

24t
22

41t
56t

Fat igu e

Limit

Reverse
Axial
Fat igue
Limit

Reverse
Tor~ ion

Fat Igue

ReI.

Limit

Tons/sq.in.

14'1

......
..
....

147
See also mechanical properties at
high temperature and in torsion

600

..

12

l8'7
24'5

1),8
1),9
19'3
19'2
14'3
72

EFFECT OF CHROMIUM PLATING ON THE FATIGUE LIMIT

Chemical Composition (%)

51

Mn

NI

Tensile

Cr

Mo

Heat Treatment 0'1%

P.S.
(O'IR p)
C

.. on... .... ... .... ... ....

. .. .. .. . .. . ..
..
..

053

0'49

0'054 0040

0'22

023

085

0'046 0038

016

0'27

0'05

009

004

006

Normalized
OQ.+T.200
T.430
T.650
OQ.+T.420

..
..

T.5.
(R s)

Tons/sq.in.
25
48

47

40

60
49
63

31
49

66

Routine Bendine Faticue

Limit Tons/sq.in.

EI
%
(A)

R.A.
~
('1)

Not Plated

22

45
39
46
63
52

19-S
395
24-7
22'0
28'0

13
15
23
14

Plaled wilh
O,OC6' Cr
Unbaked
19'0
25'0
20-3
21'0
22'9

Rer.

..
..
..

..

En 9
Properties

148

of the British Standard En steels

CORROSION FATIGUE

Chemicel
Composition

(%)

Heat Treatment

Mn

0'55

0'55

Rotatin, bendin,
Fati,ue (10' revs)
Tons/sq.in.

Tensile
Y.P.
(Rs)

T.S.
(Rm)

Tons/sq.in.

WQ.&43 T.953

39'3

EI
%

(A)

58'0 116

R.A.
%

Ref.

(Z)

44

in air

in brine

26'7

11'3

118

EFFECT OF FILLET RADIUS ON FATIGUE LIMIT

Chemica' Composition (%)
C

Si

..
..

023

0'56

Mn

Test Piece Size

(in)

Test

Portion

Head

... ... .... .. ... ... .... ..

0'65

0'046 0022

1 dia

1-1< dia.

Tensile
Stren,th
Tons/sq.in.

...

55

Rotating

Fillet
Radius
in.

Fatigue Limit

13'0
15'0
19..

-1<

-h

Bendin,

Ref.

Tons/sq.in.

..

17

LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Private correspondence with Firth-Brown Company limited.
2. Private correspondence With The United Steel Companies limited.
3. H.J. Tapsell and W.J. Clenshaw, Mechanical properties of materials at high temperature. D.S.I.R., Engineering Research
Special Report, 1927. Pub. H.M.S.O. 1927.
4. War Office unpublished report.
5. G. Delbart and A. Constant, Courbes des transformation des aeiers de fabrication fran,.alse. L'lnstitut de Recherches
de la Siderurgie. 1953, 1956.
6. Private correspondence with Jessop-Saville Limited.
7. Symposium on the hardenabillty of steel. Organized by The Technical Advisory Committee of The Special and
Alloy Steels Committee (Ministry of Supply) and The Iron and Steel Institute. I.S.1. Special report No. 36,1946.

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

Commentary on 8rltish Standard Wrought Steels. En Series. British Standards 971 : 1950.
Private correspondence With The Park Gate Iron and Steel Company Limited.
Private correspondence with Round Oak Steel Works limited.
Private correspondence with English Steel Corporation Limited.
H.F. Moore and T.M. Jasper. Fatigue of Metals. Bulletin of The University of Illinois Engineering Experimental.
Station No. 136, 1923.
British Iron and Steel Research Association unpublished data.
Modern Steels and their Properties. Bethlehem Steel Company, 5th Edition, 1959.
Private correspondence With The British Rolling Mills Limited.
A.I. Smith E.A.Jenkinson and D.J. Armstrong. Creep and Rupture Properties of Carbon Steeis.lnst. of Mech. Engrs.
Adv. Copy, p. 22, Sept. 30, 1960.
Private correspondence with The Motor Industries Research Association.
S.L. Hoyt, Metals and Alloys Data 8ook, 2nd Edition, Reinhold, New York, 1952.

EnlO

"55" CARBON,

PER CENT NICKEL STEEL

SPECIFICATION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)

51

Mn

NI

0'50-060 005 -035 0'50- 080 0060 max 0060 max 050-080

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
No mechanical properties are specified for this steel which Is supplied to the specified composition only.

APPLICATIONS
Similar to En 9 but slightly better impact properties can be obtained. Typical uses are rifle barrels, gear Wheel
housings, etc.

WELDING
Similar to En 9.

MACHINABILITY
The machinability of this steel Is slightly less than that of En 9. In the normalized condition it is ..5 to 55 per cent of
that for mild steel, and in the hardened and tempered condition it is 30 to.fa per cent of that for mild steel.

HOT WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES

Forging. Rolling and Stamping
Annealing
Normal iZing
Hardening
Tempering

11S0 Finish above 850C

81o-8S0oC Furnace cool
81Q-850oC Air cool
81Q-8S0C Oil orWater quench
5SQ-6S0oC Air cool

m
:::s

C)
--.
V1
o

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
No data have been found for Specific Gravity, Specific heat, Thermal expansion, Thermal conductivity, Young's modulus
and Shear modulus. These physical properties will however be comparable with those given for En 9.

1
tll

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (e)

Chemical Composition (% )
SI

Mn

0'54 025

Ni

Section

Cr

069 0036 0'019 0'62

0'04

Size
dia.
(in.)

Mo

005

1.

Electrical Resistivity_ microhm em

Heat Treatment

OQ.850 T.650

122'9 27'5 34'0

422

53'3

64'6

n'l

85'0

So
tll

Ref.

20C 100C 200C 300C o4OOC 500C 600C 650C

..,CD
;::0

<;;'

;:)-

VI

;:)

Q.

a.
Q

IT1

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

;:)

Chemical Composition (%)

C
0'S4

Si
025

Mn
0'69

Ni

0'036 0'019 0'62

Section
Size

Cr
0'04

Mo
0'05

di..
(in.)

IH I

Heat Treatment
C
OQ.850 T.650

Coercive

Magnetic Induction B (gauss) for Magnetizing Field of H (oersted) =

H= 10

20

30

40

60

80

100

150

200

250

300

SOO

Force

800

2500 12000 14100 15000 16100 16800 17400 18200 18800 19300 19700 20500 21200

Hc
(oented)
114'0

'"ti:'

Remanence

Brem
(gauss)
1'3830

tll

Ref.

I6

<;;

En 10
"55" Carbon,

per cent Nickel Steel

151

HARDENABILITY

END QUENCH HARDENABILITY CURVES

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Si

Mn

062 0'26

069

0026

Ni

Cr

Mo

0019

O"S

015

010

(See also mechanical properties at room temperature for result oftensile tests on this steel)
Basic Electric Arc.
McQuaid Ehn grain size S-6 (ASTM)
Actual As Quenched grain size 6 (ASTM)
Bars Normalized 8'IOC A.C. End Quenched 840C. Tempered 640C
(Ref. 1.)

1000

~
~

:I

...~

800 "
&00

400

200

'"

ouenched

En

r'\

----

\"-

Tempered MO C

<>2

04

<>b

008

10

12

14

1&

18

Di.lonco from quonched end of bor (i~.

FiC. 10.1.

20

22

24

En 10
152

Properties

of the

British Standard En steels

HARDNESS TRAVERSE CURVES

Chemical Composition (%)

51

0'62 0'26

Mn

0'69 0'026

NI

Cr

0019

0'45

015

Basic Electric Arc.

McQuaid Ehn grain size 5 -6 (ASTM)
Actual As Quenched grain size (ASTM)
Oil Quenched from 840C Tempered 640C

Mo

0'10

Oil Quenched 840C

(Ref. 1.)

f
!

4S0
400

]SO

300

~V

-----

"0

SAldio.

--

~diQ.

0'5

IllAdio.

~
',0

O'S

OillonC& f,om cent,e of bo'

Q~

011 Quenched 840C Tempered 640C

lSO

-'--

O'

~300
:I:

~di

- ' > I : ;n

./.3

~io.

:l

"

,j

Illldio.

250

200

OoS

005

DiMnce f,om cent,e of ba' ~nj.

fl,. 10.3

~O

/S

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Tansila

Chamlcal Composition (%)

Proc_ of
Manufacture

......
...
..

A.O.H.

A5TH
Grain
5ize

.....
......

Fina Grain

.....
....

0'53

...
..

0'$4

..

A.O.H.

...
.....
..

....
....
......

055

..
..

055

...
..

51

......
.....

0-31

Mn

NI

Cr

Mo

.. ... ....
.. .. .
.. .. ..
. .... .... .... ..
...
...
.

0-55

......
..

0030 0030

0-51

0-19

....
.....

0-564

..... ...... ..... .... ...... ..... ......

0'15

..

0'16

.....
....
..

0'69

....
...
...
...
....

0'66

0'65

0036 0019

.. ...
..
.. ..
..
.. ..

0030 0'037

0'61

..
..
..

0'55

0-04

..

009

005

...
...

0'08

..
..... ...... ..
.. .. .. .. ..
..
.. ...
.. .
.. ..
.. ..
0'60

0'10

Section
5ize
dla.
(in.)

.....

0'564

...
..

Hue
Treacmene

0'5%
0'05% 0'1% 0'1%
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
(o-OSR p) (O'lR p) (O'lR p) (0'5R p )

"C

Y.P.
(Rs>

T.5.
(Rm)

4)'0

537
111-5
880
66'5
585
54'0
510

Tons/sq.in.

OQ.850 T.650
OQ.850 T.350
OQ.850 T.450
OQ.850 T.550
OQ.850 T.600
OQ.850 T.650
OQ.850 T.700

79'5
60'5
530
487
41'0

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)
(Z)

lH

54

8
16t
10 *
13
15

31
41i
48*
5H
58

Izocl
ft. lb.

Raf.

43
4
13
14
31
41
46

....
......
..
1

-Iu Rolled

N.850
OQ.850 T.650

.. .

N.81O
N.850
OQ.850 T.1SO
OQ.850 T.350
OQ.850 T.450
OQ.850 T.600
OQ.850 T.650
OQ.850 T.700
OQ.880 T.450
OQ.880 T.500
OQ.880 T.550
OQ.880 T.600
OQ.880 T.650
OQ.880 T.700

311
19'6

31'3
19'7

610
515
450
400
385
380

31'4
198

31-5
30'1

378
37'4

517
518
515
51'6

lH
14
18
14

45
41
60
58*

33'1
31'8
96'0
89'0
78'7
41'0
388
38'5
76'0
65'5
$6'0
48'0
415
410

518
531
1095
1005
85'0
58'3
55'0
537
860
755
66'0
59'0
550
545

lli
11
0
4
11
10
11
14
10
11
16
10
11*
16

45
45
0

lOi

31
48
51
55
30
36
43
49
55
57

....
..

-10
18
3
4
9
31
38
43
11
16
11
19
41
44*

..
....

..
..
..
..
....

~
n
Q
~
Q

""1""

.,

tD

'"
::I
....
z
;:;.
tD

,...

!!..

VI
....
tD

!!..

...
.VI

o
...
:s

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Proc_ of
Manufacture

ASTM
Grain
Size

SI

I r

Ni

Cr

Mo

Section
Size
dia.
(in.)

Heat
Treatment

B.E.A.

..

..
....

..
...
..

....
...

..

..,.
oo

..

oo

.,

..

...

..
..
....
..

.
....
..
oo

..
.....

..., ....
..
.. ...
.. ..

0'62

0'26

.....
..

069

..

.. ..
.. . ...
.. .
.. . ....
..
.... ... .
...
.
.. .. ..
.... .... ...
. .. .
.... ... ...
.. . ..
oo

oo

oo

....
..
..
..

..

0'026 0'019

...

..
..

..
..

..
....
.

0-45

.... .... ..
... .... ...
..... .. .....
.. ..
oo

oo

.
.....
..
..

..

..
..
..
. ..

..
..
...
..

0'15

..
...
..

..
...
......

oo

. ..
. ..
... ...
...... ..... .....

010

..

...
....
....
......
.....

0'2%
P.S.
(O'2Rpl

0'5%
P.S.
(O'5Rp)

V.P.
(R s)

T.S.
(Rm)

59'8

Izod
ft. lb.

EI
(%)

!LA.
(%)

63.0
58.6
580
552
500

65'5
78'0
70'0
66'1
63-5
615
57'0

15
17
20
20
21
20
26

35
49
50
52
54
50
58

24
14
35
41
46
44
52

520
47'5
470
46'0

60'3
59'7
58'7
562

22
24
28
24

51
56
61
52

62
51
67
56

....

OQB40 T.550
T.600
oo
T.640
T.650
T.700

46'0
44'5
43'7
42'0
40'0

63-5
605
593
58'0
55-7

21
20
24
24
26

46
52
55
56
60

27
35
37
40
49

OQ.B40 T.640
OQ.B40 T.640

4203
423
425

60'2
58'6
594

24
22+
24+

52
52
55

35
26
33

OQ.B40 T.640

367
395
39'5

57'1
58'5
5607

22
24
26

51
51
54

23
21
28

C
McQuaid Ehn
5-6

0'1%
P.S.
(0' 1Rp)

....
.
..
..

....
..
.

OQ.B40 T.640
T.550
T.600
T.640
T.650
T.675
T.700

....

OQ.B40 T.640
T.660
T.680
T.700

..

It(C)
.. (0)

2i-(C)
.. (M)
.. (0)

...

..
..

..
... ...

..

(A)

Tons./sq.ln.

no

(Z)

Ref.

.....
..

..

...
.
...
oo

....
..
..
.

II

t1l

;:t

So
til

'".,

;:;
(;j'

::r
VI

;:,

ct

I'T1
;:,

'"
lti
t1l

;;;

En 10
"55" Carbon,

per cent Nickel Steel

155

EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Chemic.1 Composition (%)

p

Mn

5i

055 026

066

0030

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'037 055

0'09

0'08

Acid Open Hearth.

Test pieces (0'564' dia) Oil Quenched from 850o C.

(Ref. 2.)
80

1I0r-----,,--------,------r-----,---..,.-----,-------,

70

bO

90

50

80

of
:!?

...
~

.~

40

Izod

<T

on

70

a-

~ 30

bO

.i

"

__

200

401----+--+--t-----:>"7I''---t----p'o;;::----jf----l

10

50

20

300

_ _-'400

....I..-

.l...-

SOO

bOO

FI,.10.4.

...J'___ _...J

700

800

En 10
156

Properties

of the

British Standard En steels

(Ref. 4)

\\ 1\

80

...

bO

ChemIcal Composition 1%)

Mn

0'55 0'65

NI

Ton,ile ",enqth

1\\
\ ~on
/~
1/
/

70

Cr

of

orl

0'60 0'10

Izod

40

1 dfa bars. Oil quenched from 850 e

20

10

200

JOO

400

500

Yield
strw

~n90Iio.
800

700

bOO

FiC.10.5.

EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

70

bO

50

40

Basic Electric Arc.

McQuaid Ehn grain size 5-6 (ASTM)
Bars Oil Quenched 8400 e and Tempered
640oe.

'\"
I

30

,g.

20

.........

~~

.5

-:!."

(Ref. 2)

Tlnsilcz

S'trcnqfh

Reduction
arQO

-1\"
"--

I--

Ized

Elonqotion

10
.0
Diame'er of bar

FiC. 10.6.

Yilld ,trIll

G~

of

En 10
"55" Carbon,

J per

157

cent Nickel Steel

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composi,ion (%)

Tensile
Section

Sil.

...
..
..
..

054

51

...
...

Mn

... .. ..
... ... .....
.. . .. ..

025

Cr

Ni

...
....
.

Mo

dia.

Test
Temp

01% 02% 05% Y.P.

P.5.
P.5.
P.5. (Ra)
(01R p) (02R p) (05R p )

(in.)

H
.... ...... .....
.. .
.. .. ....

069 0036 0019 062 004

Heat
Trea,men,

..
..
..

005

N.850

297

298

302
360
650
378
431
71-2

51-8
574
697
51-5
58'3
72-5

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

Chemical Compositlon(%)
51

Mn

0'54 025

0'69

NI

Cr

Mo

0019

0'62

0'04

0'05

0036

Bars heat treated at 1" dla.

Normalized 850"C

(Ref. 3)

40
100

-f--

'10

80

1\

1\

30

70

bO
~

'"
l?
c

..

50

..:

20

"-

40

30

10

20

Char y V nole h

If\

'\

'0

-20

10

40

1/ 1\

----bO

80

100 110

Tlmp.tOrUla of rlilC

FI,.10.7

I~rollin.
('Qcture

140

lbe

180

EI
(%)
(A)

4YA

Tons./sq.;n.

R.T.
-72
-195
R.T.
-72
-196

OQ.850 T.650

T.5.
(R m)

100

24
21
2
26
241
31

R.A.
(%)
50
19
28

23

20

Ref.

(Z)

42

36
31
59
431
31

...

..
..
..

En 10
158

Properties

of the British Standard En steels

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

(continued)
(Ref. 3)
Oil Quenched 8500C Tempered 6500C
100

"'\

\
\

90

80

70

Chorpy V oo~...-

/'

1/

1\

\ :/
\/

bO

so
40

/\

10

_/

o-80

-bO -40

-20

\
1\jY'IO ";n.

20

40

be

Tomparotu1a of

tl2H

80

f;oeru'j

100

120

140

IbO

Fig. 10.8

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)

Si

Mn

.. 0'25.. 0'69
.. 0036
. 0019
..
.. . .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. . .. ..

0'54

Ni

..

0'62

..
..
..
.. ... .. ... ... ...
..
..

Tensile

Cr

Section
Size
dia.
Mo
(in.)

....
.. ......
.. ..

....
..

0'04

005

....
..
..
....

1.

Heat
Treatment

Test
Temp

Tons/sq.in.

300
400
500
600
300
400
600

148 20'5 21-9 24-2 5403

19'0 212 42'0
9'8 17'1
165 28'6
4'8 12'8
14'6
10'2 119 18'2
3'8 87
20'5 28'4 30'0 31-7 536
17'4 252 267 282 39'8
86
150
71
2'2 56
loading rate 0'002 in./in. min.

..

N.850

..
....

OQ850T.650

L.P.

O'OS% 0'1% 0'2% T.S.

P.S.
P.S.
P.S. (R)
(O'OSR p)(0'1 Rp)(0'2R)
m
p

EI
(%)
(A)

4YA

SO

17
21
24 t 16 t
40
211
22
48

R.A. Ref.

1%)
Z)
18
43
47

27
51
115

..5
....
....
..

LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Symposium on the hardenabllity of steel. Organized by The Technical Advisory Committee ofthe Special and Alloy
Steels Committee (Ministry of Supply) and The Iron and Steel Institute. I.S.1. special report No 36, 1946.
2. Private correspondence With Jessop-Saville Limited.
3. British Iron and Steel Research Association unpublished data.

4. The properties of nickel alloy steels. The International Nickel Company (Mond) Limited, Publication No. 468 E.
5. Private correspondence with The United Steel Companies limited.
6. Private correspondence With English Steel Corporation Limited .

En II

"60" CARBON-CHROMIUM STEEL

SPECIFICATION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)
Si

0'50-0'70

0'10-0'35

0'50-0'80

Cr

Mn

0'050 max

0'50 max

0'50-0'80

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Hardened & Tempered
Condition

Property

T
Limitina rulin, section, in.
Tenallestrenlth. Tons/sq.in. min (R m)
Yield stre.. 1. Tons/aq.in. min (It$)
Elonladon, per cent, min (A)
Izod Impact, ft-lb. min.
Brinen hardn... 2 (HB)

55

65

040

48

15
25
248/302

12
12
293/341

(1) Not to be used u

acceptance testl except by special

uranlement between the purchuer and manufacturer.
(2) For information purposes only. Not a contractual part
of the specification.

RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
En No.

11

America
SA.E.

A.I.S.1.

5155
5160

5155
5160

APPLICATIONS
For parts requiring strength and wear resistance, e.g. heavy gears, expander mandrels, lathe centres. chipping chisels'
cylinder liners, surface hardened gears, axles. shafts.
159

En II
160

Properties of the British Standard En steels

WELDING
(see Introduction for key to symbols used In this table)
En No.

Description

11

1"60" Carbon - Chrome Stee'l

G.

MA.

I.G.

5.

F.

B.

Reproduced by kind permission of H.M.5.0.

MACHINABILITY
The machinability of this Steel In the normalized condition Is approximately 45 per cent of mild steel. (En 3) and In the
hardened and tempered condition it Is approximately 35 per cent of that for mild steel.

HOT WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES

Forging Rolling and Stamping
Annealing
Normalizing
Subcritical annealing
Hardening
Tempering

1100 finish above 800C

800-8500 C Furnace cool
800-850 oC Air cool
650-7000 C Air cool
800-8500 C Oil quench
15G-300oC for hard condition
50G-700C for general purposes

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (d)
Process of
Manufacture

Chemical Composition (%)

ASTM Grain 51
McQuaid Ehn

51

C
B.E.A.

5-7

0'60 027

Mn

070 0004 0'014

Specific

Heat Treatment

Ni

Cr

0'06

0'71

Gra\fity

at 200C

OQ.830 T.650

Ref

7'&4

SPECIFIC HEAT (c)

Ch.mical Composition (%)

Process of A5TM Grain Si.o

Manufaclure
McQuaid Ehn

B.E.A.

5-7

51

Mn

060

0'27

070

NI

0004 0014 006

M.an Spocific Helt. Call. de. C

Helt
Treatment
Cr
071

20'0
200
C

OQ.830 T650

20,0
300
C

20'0
400
C

20'0
500
C

0'111 0118 0'124 0'131

20'0
600
C

20'0
650
C

Rof.

0'139 0' 143 1 1

MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION (a)

10" X Mean CoefficiQnt of Thermal Expansion
per dec C

Chomical Composition (%)

Proce.. o,lASTM. Grain
ManuflC~
Sll.
McQuaId Ehn
ture

B.E.AI

5-7

51

I 0'60 0'27

Mn

NI

070 0'004 0'014 0'06

Cr

071

Helt
Treatmont
C
IOQ.830 T.650 I

20to
100
C

20to
200
C

20'0
300
C

20'0
400
C

12'10 12-80 lH5 13-90

20to
500
C

20,0 20,0
'00 650
C
C

Rof.

lH5 lH5 14-95 1 1

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (?)

Procell ASTM Crain
of
Size
ManufacMcQu.id Ehn
lure

Chemical Composition ("/0)

C

5-7

BE.AI

Si

Mn

0'60 0'27

070

Cr

"C

20
C

0'71

IOQ830T650

120 '8

NI

Electrical Resistivity. microhm-em

He.t
Treatment

0-004 0'01.. 0'06

100
C

200
C

300
C

2$...

32'6 ..10

II

Ref.

0400
C

sao
C

600
C

650
C

50'7

62'5

7<45

80'51 1

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (k)

of
Manufacture
P"OCelS

Th.rm.1 Conductivity. Col/em

Chemical Compolition (%)

ASTM Crain
Size
McQuaid Ehn

Heat Treatment
C

Mn

5i

NI

C.

100

200

300
C

0400

del C

sao

600

Ref.

0-

B.E.A.

5-3

060

070

0'27

0'00<4 0'01<4

0'71

0'06

OQ.830T.6S0

0'116 0110 0'103 0095 0'088 0080

.,~

0I

("\

::r

a3

YOUNG'S MODULUS (E)

ASTM Crain
Proceslof
Size
Manufacture
McQu.id Ehn

..

..

B.E.A.

5-7

Chemical Composition (%)

Si

..

0'27

0'60

Hn

..

Section
Size

C.

NI

. .. .. .. ..

0'70

000<4 0'01<4

006

0'71

dia
(in.)

,...

Heat Treatment

c
3

Younc:'.
Ref.
Modulu.
Tonl/lq. in.

OQ.830 T.575
OQ.B30T.650

13.0400
13.0400

...no

VI

!!..

..

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Process

of
Manu-

ASTM Grain

Chemical Compolition (%)

Section

Ni

C.

Size
dia
(in.)

0'06

0'71

,.

Site

facture

McQuaid Ehn

B.E.A.

5-7

Si

Hn

060

0'27

070

0'00<4 001<4

He.t
Trutment

OQ.830T.650

Coercive I Remaforce

H'lnetic Induction B (I' un) for H'lnetizinl Field of H (oerlted) =

800

10

20

3.0400

30

<to

60

80

100

150

200

250

8.<400 11,<400 1<4,000 15,100 15.soo 16,800 17,300 17,700

R.f.

(oer
Ited)

nence
B~em

(g.uII)

21

13.200

.....

0.....

m
::I

--

En II
162

Properties of the Brltlsh'Standard En steels

TRANSFO RMATIO N CHARACTE RISTICS

ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION
Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

0S9

0'304

Ni

0'66 0'012 0'020 0'17

Cr

Mo

0'6S

0'02

Basic Electric Arc.

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 8 (ASTM)
Previous Treatment - Hot rolled to i ' dia, cold drawn to 11 S.W.G. With intermediate annealing at 600C.
Austenltized 840C 30 min.

(Ref. 3)

800
At

H--

At I f - -

- - I-

I- - I- -

700

=....
---- ---- - --- - ----

-::::::: ~
~

\ I\~

\
./
\

SOO

~
1\

400

'~ ')

/'

1\:\
1\

[\

M ,~- 1---

........

('
\

[..-....;

;?='

......

r\ ~ ~ "f'

JOO

I- -

-- I- -

................

1\ 1\ \

I- -

I--

/0~~
'( \

bOO

);J

I'\.,

"

10

"-

I\-

"\.

so

"100
/.

qO

Transformation

200

100

o
S
SQC

10

20

40 I
Min

10

20

40 I

Hr

Duration of isothormol 'rtotment

Fl 11.1

10

20 I

001

En II
163

"60" Corban-Chromium Steel

HARDENABILITY
END QUENCH HARDENABILITY CURVES
Chemical Composition (%)

Si

Mn

0'59

0')04

0'66

0'012 0020

Ni

Cr

Mo

017

0'65

002

Basic Electric Arc.

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 8 (ASTM)
(Ref. 3)

Austenitizing temperature 840'C

'100
800

700

:I:

bOO

'S
~

1"-

"'~ ~

\\

SOC

:I:

400

300

0-4

002

006

\. .........

08

Distance

10

........

...-/
12

14

I'b

/tom quenchld end of bar

--- -

18

20

22

(in)

Fig. 11.2
Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

0'60

0'24

0'66 0'023

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'021

0'05

050

0'12

(See also mechanical properties at room temperature for results of tensile tests.)
Basic Electric Arc.
McQuaid Ehn grain size S-6 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 6 (ASTM)
Normalized 8SO aC A.C., End quench 8300 C. Temper 600C

....

800

'.
'"

~o

bOO -"~-1..0 '

.. 400
c

'E

"
:I:

(Ref. 4)

~,.d.

200

02

004

Ob

Q.8

10

Dittonco from

12

Ib

1'8

qUlnchld ond of bar (in)

Fig. 11.3

En II
164

of the

Properties

British Standard En steels

HARDENABILITY
HARDNESS TRAVERSE CURVES

Chemical Composition 1%)

C

51

Mn

NI

Cr

Mo

0'60

024

066

0023

0'021

005

0'50

0-12

(See also mechanical properties at room temperatures for results of tensile tests.)
Basic Electric Arc.
McQuaid Ehn grain size S-6 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 6 (ASTM)
011 Quenched from 830C and Tempered at 600C.
(Ref. 4)

aoo
o

'.
:t:

750

:t:

1-0

\-. ./

'-- ..---'

700

&50

/,"dio.

" '/1' dia.

05

0'5

1'0

Distonc. tr()lll contro (on).

.;
:t:

4 5 0 r - - - - - -....- - - - - - , - - - - -....- - - - - - ,

If.'dia.

&Ool-----...p...,....-----I------::A------I

~ J501---..:~.....,...-+-----===t=:::---+--"""7"c::..:..----J
JOOL.
~O

--J

0-5

=::=::lt:::::=:=-_--.JL-

Distanc. from

con tro

Fic. 11.4

ot

05

bar (in).

---l

1'0

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

P_of
Manufacture

.
..

S.E.

..
...

..
...
..
.....
.

....
....
....
...

....
....
..

..

...
....
......
...

....
...

058

....
....
..
..
..
....

....
"

..
..
..
..
...
..
..

.....
....
..
....

...
...

....

SI

....

0'23

..
..
..
..

....
....
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
.
..
..

...

..
....
.
..

....
...
.....
.

Mn

..
..
...
..
.
..

0'64

..

....
...
.....

..

..
..
..
..

.....
...
.....
......
....

....
....
..
..
...
..
..
.
......
.
.....
..
..
.

0012

....

001-4

.
..
..

..
......
....
..
....
..
..

.....
...
..

..
....
...
.. ...
.... ...
.... ....

NI

..
..
..
..
.

016

.
..
..
..

..
..

..
..
..
..
..

...
..
.....
....
.....
....
....
.....
...

Cr

...
....

0'59

..

..
..
....
..
....
..
..
..
..
..

.....
....
..

......
...
.....
....
......
..

Mo

...

004

....
..
..

...
..

..
......
..
..
....
...
..

....
..
....
....
..
..

....
.....
..

Section
Size
dia.
(in.)

t
....
....

..
Ii
...
...
....
H
....
'

..

.....
....
..
t

...
....
...
....
...
..

Ii

Heat Treatment

005%
0'1%
O'S%
0'2%
P_5.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(005R p) (0'1 Rp) (0'2R p) (O'SR p)

..

.....
..
..
..
.
....

..
..

370
37'0

T.2hr 500
550

....

T.S.
(R m)

Tons/sq. in.

C
N.&40 lhr

Y.P.

(1\)

600

343

32'5

625
650
675

32'3

598
60'1
60'2
57'6
569
559
52'4

R.A.
l%)

Izod
ft. lb.

54
57
57
5H
56
52
5H

18
15
16
15
19
20
20

23t

5H
4H

22
17
16
21
20

EI

(%)
(A)

25
23i
24
24 i
23
26

...

..
.....

600

305

650

28'4
275

55'1
572
55'1
55'2
53'8
536
52-3

....

..
...

600

33-7
31'6
301
271

564
569
553
521

19
18
20
24

4Si
4)!
+4
48

n'6

820
717
705
592
575
54'1
500

N.B40 1hr

33'9
34-0

T.2hr 500
550

625

675

N.B40 lhr T.2hr 500

..
......
......

OQ.B40 lhr

....
....
..
...

...

650
675

T.2hr 500AC
550 ..

....

600"

.....
..
..

280

48'1
58'1
608

54'3
59'0
609

61-1
601
612

615
650 ..
675 ..

OQ.830 lhr
T.2hrloo AC
200 ..
250 ..
300 ..
350 ..

...
...

27'2

287
274

400"

450 ..
500"
550 ..

600"

625 ..
650 ..
675 ..

438
+4"
455
46-6
468
486
49'7
484

473
480
484
498
492
510
508
504

513
525
518
538
528
54'0
52'6
515

628
627
482
47'4
43'2
378
57'6
585
57'8
60'7
58'9
59'4
56-7
54-2
498
42'2
405
375

747
765
712
7304
7'26
n'4

69'6
67'0
63"
58'6
56'3
550
519
49-4

sst

2H
2H
2H
25
2H

55
54
54i
54

20
19
22
2H
26 t
30 i
13
12
lH
14
15
'5
'6
17
20

23t
25
26
2st

Ref.

Z)

19
13
16
16
18

50 t

sot

58
58
63
64t

31
2H
34
36 i
41
+4i
45
+4
47
54
55
68
5H
60

9
27
49
61
63
70
76
'4
14
15
13
15
16
18
21
26
40
59
61
71
80

....
..
....
..
..
..
..
....

..
..
..
..
..
..

....
..
..
....

0-

&'

ti-

C
::I

Q
~

c:

V'l

..
..
..
..
..

......
...
....
....
..

--

0-

l1'I

--

:I

m
::::s

....

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

00-

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)

Section

Size
dia.

Process of

Manufa,cture

....

B.E.

..
..
..

..
...
.

....

...
...
..
..
..
..
..

...
..
..
..
....
.

0'58

..

....
..

..
..
..

...
.
..

058

....
.

A.O.H.

..
...

0'59

51

Mn

... ...

0'23

.
...
..
.
...
..
...
...
..
..

...
..

0024

....
..

018

064

..
....
..
.....
..
.....
..
..
.....

..
...

....
...
.

0'012

..
..

..
.
...

....
..
..
..

....
..

...
..
...
.
....
.
....
.
..
......

0014

......
..

Ni

...
...

016

..

....
..
.
..
.
...
..
..
..

...
..
..

..
.

...
..

059

..

.....
....

...

..
..

..

...
..

....

..
...

0'66

0'60

0'64

Cr

..
..

0036

..
..

0026

..
...

0'23

...
..

0'61

Mo

..

0'04

Tensile
Heat Treatment

(in.)

..

.
...

..
..

.....

.....

..

....

...
..

..
..

..

OQ 8401hr T.2hr 500 AC

600
650
675

..
..
.....

..

OQ.840 lhrT.2hr 500 AC

600
650
675

..

..
..
..

OQ.840 lhr T.2hr 500 AC

600
650
675

..
..

WQ. 8401hrT.2hr 500 AC

.. 600
675

..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
...
..

Ii

..
....

..
..

2i

.....

Ii

..
..

...

....
..
..

..

..

..

..

..

....
..
..

WQ.840 lhrT.2hr 500 AC

550
.. 600
650
675

....
..

..

..

..
..
..

WQ.840 lhrT.2hr500 AC
.. 600
650
675
OQ.830T.670

.....

Y.P.
(R s )

T.5.
(R m )

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)
(Z)

(zod
ft. lb.

Ref.

Tons/sq. in.

2i

..
....

...
H
....

0'05%
0'1%
0'2% 0'5%
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
P S.
(0'05R p ) (O'IR p) (02R p ) (0.5R p)

..
..

OQ830 T400
T450
T.670
T.700

+1'2
378
34'5
33'6
+16

14'8

455

450
381
350
34'0

<467
390
360
342

669
614
57'1
52'8

19
21
2H
27i

5H
57i
60

19
20
27
26

50'7
32'4
368
372

52'2
576
580

n1

17i
28
2H
27i

+I
5Bi
56
5H

19
19
23
19

50'2
42.5
380

18

49
52i
56
5Si-

17
18

145

350

47'2
313
14'5
358

459

-4&'5
405
35'9

47'4
40'5
363

358
338
14'9

75'2

755

76'5
+19

67'0

53'6
+15

685

544
458

69'6

558
<46'5

71'4

588
47'8
40'1

71'6
64'2
59'1
53

22

24

25i

<48

22
21

82'2
629
519

Hi

20
27i

+I
53
59

24
49
76

n'2
714
61'6
57'2
505

13!
19
21
23
28

41i
48
56
57 !
61i

28
39
53

697
60'1
54'1
50'5
59'0

16
21i
25 i
27
21

4Si5H
6O!
61
57

10
12
23
24

30
14
54
50

72
84
20
49
67
74

....

.....
..
....
..
....
..
.
..

...

..
....

..

-35'9
282

37'1
30'1

98'0 100'4
840 960
584
535

....
..
2

.g

"1:1
t1)

ib
In

.....o
....

t1)

.,

0>

;:;
;;;

V'l

8'
;:,

a
m

;:,

....
In
t1)
t1)

;;;-

--

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ItOOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)

Process of
Manufacture

B.E.

....

B.E.

..
.
0,

B.E.

Tensile

ASTH
Grain

5-6

5-6

..
..
....

0'60

...

060

..
..
....
..

51

....
....

024

......
..
..
..

0'24

..

Mn

..
..
..

0'66

..
..
..
..

0'66

..
..

..
...
..
.....
.
..

0'023

0023

....
....

0021

...
..
..
.....

0021

Ni

Cr

...
....

......
..

050

005

050

005

....
......
..

..
..
..

...
..
..

Mo

Section Size
dia
(in.)

.....
..

..
...
..
..
..

012

Y.P.
(Rs )

T.S.
(Rm )

EI

R.A.

(A)

(Z)

(%)

(%)

!zod
ft.lb.

Tons/sq. in.

Ref.

...
...

OQ.830 T.600
OQ.830 T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650

600
SO'O
71'2
61-2
54'4

66'4
86'4
78'4
678
61-6

18
14
17
18
23

OQ.830 T.500
T.550
T.600
T.600
T.650
OQ.830 T.600

53'2
480
43'4
438
404
365
440
44'0

672
64'4
59'8
600
548
600
648
632

IS
16
21
22
24
20
19+
20+

OQ830 T590

646

13

2"
2J
24

59'7
49'2
470
15
3Si
47
51
54+
57t

24
3

..

IS
23
2J
18
5
13
19

45

870
495
46'5
410
40'5

696
56'5
570
654
1165
95'0
650
585
560
550

7
5

....
..
....

OQ.830 T.56O
T.630
OQ.850 T.650
T.590
OQ.830 T.350
T.450
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.700

..

0'12

..t
....

Ii (e)
.. (e)
.. (e)
.. (0)'

.. Ie)
2 Ie)
.. (M)
.. (0)

0'61

0'62

063

4x3

0'62
0'62
0'62
062
0'62

0'74
060
0'60
074
0'58

0'62
0'64
063
068
050

4x3
2hq.
3

023
0'16
026
0'20

Heat Treatm.nt

Sf

.....
...

.... ....
..
..
..
..
..

410
400
47'1

54
39+
43+
50
54

45
19
28
42
53

45
49
59
S9+
57
54+
49+
52

18
21
34
41
57
2J
24
24

..
..

0'63
063

0'22
024

0'66
0'63

0'64
070

Sf
H

OQ.850 T.650
T600

48'0
49'0

585
638

200
185

47'0
430

064
0'64

0'21
025

064
0'63

065
063

4xl

2t

OQ850 T.620
OQ.830 T.650

600
45'0

705
620

18'0
190

497

0'65

073

061

2fx 2 ....

OQ.830 T.570

646

16

0'66

076

0'67

4x3

OQ.830 T.590

64'8

18

0'69

076

0'55

Ii

..

OQ.860 T.600
T.650
T.700

694
614
548

18
20
24

070

076

0'59

4x3

OQ.830 T.570

708

12

..

....

..
.....

......
....

....

0'11

..
..
..

......
....

..
..

..
.
..
.
..

008

0'564

..

12

26
38
40
44
31
20
28

C""I
Q

ti-

:J
I

C""I

a3

:::r

c:

.,.....Vl

....
.....

0021

....

..
.....

..
..
..
..

0'022

0..

....
.....

!!..

..
...

..
..
5

-5

...

.:

0....,

m
:s

--

En II
Properties of the British Standard E.n steels

168

EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Ch.mlcal Compotltlon

Sl

Mn

0058

0023

006-4

00012 0-0,..

r/o)
NI

Cr

Mo

016

0059

0004

Basic Electric Arc.

,.. dia bars 011 Quenched from &4OoC
(Ref. 5)
60

70

~r--

bO

... so

...'"

30

10

str' n9th

,~

0'
~

I~

100

200_

:lOO

VI ~
/

soo

T.mptfinq l.mporarurtC

FI" 11.5

~OO

/-

"'-

t\O~"i

\\

~
(\

bOO

700

En II
169

"60" Carbon-Chromium Steel

EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Ch.mlcal Composition (%)

C

SI

Mn

NI

Cr

Mo

060

0066

024

()0023

0021

0005

OOSO

0012

Ban 011 Quenched from 830C. Tempered at 600C

(Ref. 6)
80

70

30

j-

---~

X
'"~
"'" "" "'--~

bO

---

20

10

2
&0, diolllUtI (i~
F11. 11.6

Tensile "'en.,h

lIeduClion of OrtO

Yield .,.."

Izod
Elonqolion

......

C3
TYPICAL CURVES SHOWING THE EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Bars Oil Quenched from 840C.

Tempered at 600C

Tempered at 62S C
(Ref.S)

60

--

70,

\.

bO,

lie
~

!!
<!

- --....
V
~
~

40

r1!

<T

'\

50I

.::

30

oS!

20I

""

/
f-""

70
raruila wanqrh

bO

...

..;

Raducrion of
............
lo,ao
Yiald lI,al$

50I

li-

40

r1!

.:;cr

30I

:!"

20I

"'-....
~

10)

(Ref.S)
80

"\

&0' diom.ra,
Fic. 11.7

i......,

ii'

ranlila 1l,.nqrh

'"

....

' " Yi.ld

1\

."

Raducrion of
orc.o

-......

~ r--

..,07
;::;:
C;;

::r
Vi
....
::I
g-

IIUII

el

",

::I

'"~

r'\..

10

I'--

."

"'-....

Izod

(WI)

::r

Elonqorion

;;;-

Elonqolion

~ t--

Bar diamertr Qn)

FiC.11.8

Izod

--

En II
171

"60" Carbon-Chromium Steel

TYPICAL CURVES SHOWING THE EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON THE MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
(continued)

Bars Oil Quenched 840

Tempered at 650

--=+:_1
(Ref. 5)

Of

""""

bO

"

/J..--~

lWlucI ion of

orla

\~

j; 30
'::-

...."o

20

srro.nqrh

hn5il

.........
"

I\.

Yilld "'""

Elonqoriofl

~ r-- Itod

10

Bor diomelt' (in).

FIC. 11.9

::s

.-

i::i

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURE

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Process
of
Manufacture

Section

A5TM

Size

Grain Size

..
...

B.E.A.

MtQuaid
Ehn
5-7

51

Mn

Ni

Cr

dia.
(in.)

Hut
Treatment

Test
Temp

L.P.

0,2% 0'5%
0'05% 0'1%
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
(0'05R p) (O'lR p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

Y.P.
(R s )

T.5.
(R m)

Ton./sq.ln.

EI(%)

(A)

4yA

50

R.A.(%)

(Z)

Ref.

.g

"'tJ

."

...
...
.

..
..
..
....

0'60

..
......

0'27

...
..
...

..

.. ...

0,7 0004 0014 0'06

.
...
.

..

071

.
.... .. ...
.. .. ..
.

..

....
...

..
..

OQ.830 T.575

..
..

..

OQ.830 T.650

..

20
-78
-196

450
481
58'6

20
-78
-196

41-5
36'8
40,6

48'2
53'6
79'1
46'3
746

490
54,6
80'1

51,8
580
832

49'9
55,9
81'2
475
77'6

46'8
766

48'7
78,8

....0

640
73'1
93-3

19
2H
15

15
17
13t

36
49
2H

57'6
66'1
87'7

2H-

20
20
13

61
54
17

26+
15

..
2

.
...
..

a"
~

S."

:::t
~

::3"

VI

8:;,

g.

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

a..

(see also table above)

Chemical Composition (%)
Proc...
of
Manufacture

..

B.E.A.

Section
Size
dia.

ASTM
Grain

Size

McQuaid Ehn
5-7

..

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

. . . .. .. . ..

0'60

027

0'70

0,004 0014

0'06 0'71

(in.)

IT1

Charpy Impact Energy (V notch) ft. lb.

Heat

Treatment

Test Temperature

-60

-20

+10

9
10

14
18

17
26

23

Ref.

+20

+30

+40

+50

+60

+80

18
36

21
36

2Si
38

31
48

35
65

39

+100

..

OQ.830 T.575
OQ.830 T.650

...'"
:;,

50
66

II
;;;;

--

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

(continued)

(Ref. 2)
Chemica' Compooltlon (%)

Mn

060

027

0'70

0004

0'014

Ni

Cr

0'06

0'71

Basic Electric Arc.

McQuaid Ehn grain size 5-7 (ASTM)
Ojl Quenched from 830C Tempered at 575C
Oil Quenched from 830C Tempered at 650C

Ii

100

bO

.::

... 40I

20

t/

-b0

-30

80I

u:

.....

Chorpy
V notch

)Y

~v

,f 40

/
>~

20

30
Tcmpcuorurg c

FiC. 11.10

bO

qo

0-

n
Q

...

0-

::I

,/'

/v
I

bO

~w

f,ocfUle

'racru r

80

100

...o

("'\
::7"

A o r py
V norch

3
i:'
3

....

V\
l"O

!!..

120
-bO

-30

..

30

Tc mpfl.fO fu rrl c

Fic. 11.11

bO

'10

120

...
~

--

-~

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

ASTM
Grain

5iz.

...

5-7

..
.

....
...

060

51

..
..
..

027

Mn

..
..
..
..

070

.
.. .. .

..
..
..
....

Ni

Cr

... .... ....

... .... ....

000-4 0'1-4

..

006

..

0'71

..

SeCtion
Size
dia.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

..

OQ.830 T.575

..

..
....
..

L.P.

0-5%
0'05% 0'1%
0'2%
P S.
P5
P.5.
P.5.
(0'05R p ) (0'1R p) (0'2R p ) (0'5R p )

..

..

20
300
600

.. ...
.,

20
300
600

OQ.830 T.650

Ten.

Temp.

Y.P.
(Rs )

Tons!sq. in.

-450
308
5'3
-415
21'6
3'9

-48'2
-40'6
107

-49'0
-43'3
12-4

-499
-460
1-4.-4

51'8
-490
16'9

6-40
6-4'-4
23-4
....0

3-4'3
9'5

366
11'5

39'0
13'8

-418
16'2

EI

T.S.
(R m )

576
570
21'6

(%)

R.A.
(%)

(A)

-4VA

50

19

15
18
3H

56
35
90

20
20
3H

61
-40
91

lli

....

2-4
25

.... i

Ref.

(Z)

.g

""0

....
..
.

"'
::t

~.

....
::r

"'

or
.,

;:;
C;;
::r
VI

LIST OF REFERENCES

~
~

1. Private correspondence With United Steel Companies Limited.

:sa.

2. Private correspondence with Firth-Brown Limited.

3. Atlas of Isothermol Transformation Diagrams of the B.S. En Steels. I.S.1. Special Report

IT1

N~

56, 1956.

... Symposium on The Hardenability of Steel. Organized by the technical Advisory Committee of the Special and Alloy
Steels Committee (Ministry of Supply) and the Iron and Steel Institute. I.S.I.. Special Report No 36. 1946.
5. Private correspondence With The English Steel Corporation Limited.
6. Private correspondence with Jessop-Saville limited.
7. Commentary on the British Standard Wrought Steels En Series, British Standard 971 :1950 Pub. British Standards
Institution 1950.

:;'"

"';;;

En 12

1 PER CENT NICKEL STEEL

SPECIFICATION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)

En
En
En
En

12
12A'
12B'
12C'

51

Mn

030-045
030-035
0'35-040
040-0'45

0'10-0'35
0'10-035
0'10-0'35
0'10-035

1'50 max
0,70-0'90
0'70-0'90
0'70-090

0050
0050
0050
0050

0'050
0'050
0'050
0050

max
max
max
max

Ni

0'60-1'00
0'60-1,00
0,60-1'00
0,60-1,00

max
max
max
max

, Supplied to composition only.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Condition

Property
Normalized

6
35
20

Llmitinc rulinc section in.

Tensile Strencth. Tons/sq. in., min (R m )
Yield Stress I Tons/sq.in.min (R s )
0'2 per cent Proof Stre.. I Tons/sq.in. min. (0'2 Rp)
Eloncation. per cent, min. (A)
bod Impact Value. ft.-lb. min
Brinell Hardness Number 3

Hardened & Tempered,

Q

4
35
20

20
15
152/207

20
20
152/207

6
40
30
27

4
40
30
27

22

22

2S
179/229

35
179/229

(1) Not co be used u acceptance te.ts except by special arrangement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

(2) When specifically requested in the enquiry or order.

(3) For information purposes only. Not contractual part of the specification.

APPLICATIONS
Suitable for parts reqUiring medium tensile strength and good Impact properties in moderate section sizes. Uses
Connecting rods, drop arms, front axles, axle casings, crankshafts, studs, bolts, gun jackets, breech blocks. rings, bushe
screws. and gas cylinders,

WELDING
(See Introduction for key to symbols used In this table)
Weldinc Process
En. No,

12

MA

G,

I.G.

S.

F.

ex

B.

Reproduced by kind permission of H.M.S.C.

MACHINABILITY
The machinability of this steel In the normalized condition Is apprOXimately 60 per cent of that for mild steel (En. 3.) and
In the heat treated condition apprOXimately SO per cent or that for mild steel.

175

En 12
176

of the British Standard en steels

Properties

HOT WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES

Forging, Rolling and Stamping
Normalizing
Annealing
Subcritical annealing
Hardening
Tempering

1200 finish above 850C

830-860oC Air cool
83O--S60oC Furnace cool
630--680oC Air cool.
83O--S60oC Oil, or Water quench
SS0--660C Air cool.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

SPECIFIC GRAVITY (d)

Chemical Composition (%)

C

5i

Hn

0'40

020

0'67

0'020
0'027
(Not ltated)

Ni

Cr

0'80

023

Heat Treatment
'C

5.G. at20'C

ReI.

784
7.86

1
2

OQ.850 T.600 OQ
(Not ltated)

MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION (a)

Chemical Composition (%)
C

5i

Hn

040

020

0'67

039

0020
0027
(not stated)
0035
1'17 0067

0'10

Ni

Cr

080

0'23

081

Heat
Treatment

OQ.850 T.600

Normali.ed

10" XHean Coefficient olThermal Expanlion per de, C

20to
l00'C

20to
200'C

20to
300'C

11-9
11'3
11'2

12'5
122
12'1

13'2
132
12'9

20to
20to
4OO'C 500'C

20to
600'C

20to
700'C

14'2
14'2
14'2

14'4
145
14'5

14'7

13'7
13'7
13'6

Ref.

1
2
3

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (e)

Chemical Composition ('Yo)
C

51

Hn

NI

Cr

040

0'20

067

0'027

0'020

080

023

MODULUS

YOUNG~

..
..
..
..
..
..

0'40

51

..
..
..
...

0'20

Hn

....
....
..

067

Vibration method,

ReI.

200C

l00'C

200'C

300'C

4OO'C

500'C

600'C

OQ.850
T.6OO OQ

21-9

26'4

33'1

41-5

51-8

638

77-7

(~

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Electrical Resistivity. microhm em

Heat

Treatment

......
...
..

0027

.....

0020

..
....

Heat

Ni

080

....
...

Cr

..
...
.

023

..

Treatment

....
...

OQ.850 T.600 OQ

..

Test
Temp.

Youn,'1 Hodulul
Toni/sq. in.

'C

(dynamic)

20
100
200
300

13.600
13.300

400

500

600

12,900

12.500
11,950
11,300
10,500

Ref.

.
1

...
..

..

En 12
1 per cent Nickel Steel

TRANSFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS
ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION
Chemical Composition (%)

5i

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

033

021

0'62

0025

0'022

0'89

0'10

0'05

Basic Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 2 (ASTM)
Actual: As Quenched grain size 7-8 (ASTM)
Bars hot rolled to f' dia., Cold Drawn to 11 S.W.G. with intermediate annealing at 600C. Rolledtotape 003 xQ'1"
Austenitizing temperature 845C. 30 min.
(Ref. 4.)

_. _. --

eoo tJ.

700

~. --

/'

/- .....
bOO

..::; ..--'
~
/
/"

-0 ~
//

VI /
I
I(
\
/

500

\,

1\"'. ~ ~

..

I-- I -

./

- f-.

-- -

f- .

,....- I -

r:-_

---

I::=-'

--

I-

1--

.-

' - .-

- --

._-

:::::~ .- - ~

.-

..- . -- --

--

,--

~.coIC~

\ \ l'\ \
10

50 QOloo

r)on.,JmotJ ~

300

200

100

o
I

Sec.

1020401
Min.
Duration

10

20

40 I
Hr.

of

".othermal

Fie. 12.1

trtatmen1.

10

20 I
_ Day.

En 12
178

of the British Standard En steels

Properties

ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION (continued)

Chemical Composition (%)
C

5i

Mn

NI

Cr

Mo

0'34

0-20

1-06

0-04

0037

0-75

o-os

002

McQuaid Ehn grain size 3 (ASTM)

Actual: As Quenched grain size 7-8 (ASTM)
Austenltizing Temperature 845C

(Ref. S)
~
_.

Ac

700

f--

500

/,

~,

,....

_.- -

bel

";;

1-"'

'\

,..--

~.

p...~

/"
,,

I-" -

J,tenit'izi q lem Paralln IMS

,... -- -- -~.....

----

I-

--

I-'""

- c-

_r-

- -

=":- -

::::.
I-fo-

_I-"

-:: -,.....
;;; ~ ~
~ 1--

~ :::t;:: .--

1-

-- -- ---

f - - r-- I- -

I 80 DPN

I/>OoPN

2 OOPN
\

1\ '\ ~ 1\
\

JsooP

l)eoOPN

"

11"7"".

- ~o ,\.I\~~'6~~70oPN
0

10'b so

10Jt. Tranlformalion

JOO

200

00

10

20

40 I

10

20

40 I

Sec.

Hr.

Duralion

of

i'olhormal

treatment

FIC.1U
The hardness values shown in the diqram are tho.e of the fully tran.formed

"M'.

10 20 I

Day.

En 12
179

1 per cent Nickel Steel

CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION DIAGRAMS
Oil Quenched from 850C
(Ref. 1)
'lOO

100

-'<,.

7cr.

- 5 lart.
0,
I 0 0.
~
SOo/().

f'.

.......... 'I 0%
EncI.

fill +

V~

V [7

<400

MSO

=-

Saini...

ML

v:

~ff1

L---:: ....-:

,/,

bOO

M'O

Au..",;,.

-Ac
3.

IV

./

300

200

MI.

100

0
Axial poIn.

Mid

radial.

Nr.

..foc;.

&
I

S &

Be. diorno'r-

'I

equivalen'

10

II

coolinq

12
'01.

Il

14

10

'I
I

.&

10

IS

1&

17

(in.)

700

bOO

>.

:J:

soo

~ .,..m..d.

y
~T~~.
' //bSOOC.
.. X
/

400
300

~~

200
100

&

Ho.dn...

oft

F'e12.3

lron.!omoo'icn.

10

En 12
180

Properties

of the British Standard En steels

CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION DIAGRAMS

(continued)
Water Quenched from 850C
(Ref. 1)
900
800

.... ...I
_:

-Ac

J.

I--A'I-

700

510rt.

bOO
u

(f
8ainitf. /

If

500

-=l!

t.

400

MI:- 300
~

MI

(("V

M5Q-

""""z

Morlf'ntitf.

V/
V

~
1,...--~

0 9'0.

IV

11

il

100

10
12

700

bOO

:>

400

lOO

\\

500

---

......... ~

"

zoo

vA I

q~nchod

TS50C.
L.--TbOOC
L.--Tb50oC .

100

4
hordnon

oller
FIC.12.4

'Yo.

0 9'0
End

7
,ronllormo,ien

10

En 12
1 per cent Nickel Steel

181

CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION DIAGRAMS

(continued)
Air Cooled from 845C
(Ref. 1)
'100

"",_ni'.

800

~At,.

~tL

Slorf.

~If

50%.

700

bOO

'10%

S.'A

Frrritr+ Carbide.

soc
~oo

'-11

M,
Mia'~

M5 o

)'200

.-

Mf

100

Bar

dtomrl~ - tqUivORnI

coolinq

10

rof. -(in)

700
bOO
500
~OO

JOO

200

./

VA. qu_d.

TbSO"C

100

Hordn...

a flo'

Fl. 12.5

I,an'lcrma'ion.

10

En 12
182

of the British Standard En steels

Properties

HARDENABILITY
END QUENCH HARDENABILITY DATA
Chemical Composition (%)

C
033

51

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'21

0'62

0'025

0022

089

0'10

0'05

Basic Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 2 (ASTM)
Actual: As Quenched grain size 7 -9 (ASTM)
End Quenched from 845C.
(Ref. 4)
700

-8.
~

bOO

500

300
200

02

" r-04

06

Ob

"0

1'2

14

1'5

Ia

200

2~

14

Di,'anco from quenched end of b'" (in)

Fi,. 12.6

Chemical Composition (%)

C

5i

Mn

034

0'20

1'06

0'040

NI

Cr

Mo

0'037

075

0'08

0'02

McQuaid Ehn grain size 3 (ASTM)

Actual grain size 7-8 (ASTM)
~nd Quenched 84S a C. Tempered 575C. and 650C.
(Ref. 5)
700

1lO0

"\

soo

~~

400

TbSC:

200
100

TS7S 0,-

300

i'..

c.

02

0...

r-- "o-t>

o-a

10

12

14

Oislonce I'orn quenched

FI,. 12.7

Ib

la

end of bar (in)

20

22

En 12
f per cent Nickel Steel

183

END QUENCH HARDENABILITY BAND

ClOO
&00
100

.a

bOO

~ 500
';

:z:

400
300

~~ \.
~~ ?A
0 ~\

~ ~~ --'(.G ' i

200
100

7/ '/j V/ V/ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~
10

12

14

Oi.'""c.

1&

Ib

20

22

2b

24

2&

r;;

X>

f'0IlI....,chod ..4 of ....

Fl,. 12.8
This hardenabili ty band hu been constructed from end quench data of several cuu of En 12.

HARDNESS TRAVERSE CURVES

Chemleel Composition ("/0)
C

51

Mn

NI

Cr

Mo

041

022

071

0040

0028

0'70

023

0'17

Basic Open Hearth.

Bars Normalized at 870C A.C.
Oil Quenched from 870C.

sso

~4io

\)

SOO

4S0

(Ref. 6)

on

...i
~

:z:

400

3S0

~ /

300

2S0

ri4io.

2"4;0.

3"4io.

10
Dt$'an~

OS
(,011I

c.nlr.

FI,.12.9

0'5

of....

10

(in)

I'S

Inch..
32 Si_th.

......

(X)
~

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Process jASTM

I Size

of Manu Grain

facture

...
.

032

Si

...
.

020

032

Mn

..
..

063

..
..

0'010

..
..
..

0060

Ni

....

085

0'98

0'95

Cr

....

009

0'16

Mo

.
..
..

0'07

Section Size
dia.

Heat Treatment

(in.)

..
..

OQ.8S0 T.600

3i

OQ.850 T.600

..

..

0'5%
0'1%
0'2%
P.S.
PS
P.S.
(O'lR p ) (0'2R p ) (05R p )

Y.p.
(R s )

T.S.
(R m )

EI(%) R.A. (%)

(A)
(Z)

Izod
ft. lb.

Tons/sq.in.

280
273
352
372

N.8S0

..

28'0
274
352
373

lhr

28'0
27'4
35'2
37'3
34'6

29
29
27
25
2H

408
41'2
464
468
465

54
53
61t
63
44

..

....
75

---

1
--

0'33
0'33

...

026

0'52
0'99

...

0'034

0'032

.
..
...
..
..
....

...
..
.....
.
..
..

069
097

3t
lixi

..
....
..
..
..
....
..

..
....
..
..
..
......

....

....

OQ.850 T.640
N.800 (Longitudinal)
(Transverse)
A.800 (Longitudinal)
(Transverse)
OQ.820 T.600 2hr AC
OQ.900 T.550 2hr AC
T.600
T.650
OQ.l000 T.600 2hr AC
WQ.850 T.550 2hr AC
T.600
T.650

..

.. ..
.. ..

..
..

... ....

..

29'2
266
248
240
226
34'4
356
35'0
306
336
474
428
36'4

25
21
22
19
32
29
28
23
30
41
39
34

40'6
419
42'4
399
40'4
46'5
48'7
472
433
458
559
51'2
45'9

29
30
28
29
29
27
24
26
28
26
20
23
26

59
64
56
55
54
66
61
65
68
64
58
63
68

34
36
29
26
22
48
32
43
49
36
55
61
71

--B.O.H.

Ref.

8
9

..
....
..
....
..
...
..
..

-034
0'34

.....
..

....
..

0'24
0'25

...
...
..
.

050
1'25

..

...
..
..

0'033
0050

..

..
....
...
..

0029
0025

..
....

..
..

070
0'50

.....

..
..
.
..
..

..
....

0'07

....
..

I!

..
....
..
..
..
....

0564

OQ.850 T.650
OQ.850
T.150
T.250
T.350
T.450
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.700

....
....
...
..
..

28'4

400
365
337
31-6

41'0
37'5
350
320

80'2
66.5
47'6
400
370
36'2

41'6
1030
1020
99'2
870
728

55'6
495
46'4 I
4S'0

30
2
3
6
10
1st
21
24
26t
21t

64

17t
35
50
57!
60
62
64

57
6
10
12
16
32
75
86
92
97

8
10

..
..

..
....
..

...

..,-0

.g
t1l

ii'

'"

o
.....,
....
~

t1l

..,

tD

;:;:

(;;

V\
....
Q

::s

Q..

..,
Q

Q..

I'T1

::s

....
'"t1l

!!..

'"

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Ch.mical Composition (%)
Procesl

of

ASTM

fauure

Size

Manu-

Grain

Si

Mn

..

0'80

0'62

0'36
0'36
0'36

025
023
Oll

0'92
055
0'55

0'77
092
072

036
0'36

0'30

- - - ---

..

0'033
0030

..

0'028
0031

0'55
0'70

00<l0

0028

027

0'27

---

086
060
107
0'66
0'62
095
0'83

0'043

0'028

079
082
0'97
083
063
0'94
0'90

(in.)

C
OQ.850 T.640

1t

Y.P.
(R.l

0'1%
0'2%
0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O'lR p) (0'2R p ) (0'5R p)

T.S.
(Rml

Tons /sq.;n.
29'0

420

EI
%
(A)

R.A.
%
(Zl

30

63t

30
28
30
29
27
28

53
61
64
59
57

bod
ft. lb.

Rei.

110

--OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.870
OQ.850
OQ.850

3t

11

1 ....

3t

T.640
T.660
T.670
T.640
T.650
T.630

320
230
28'8
308
292
28'4

""",0
418
4304
424
408
436

82
45
29
26
31
52

2
8

...

.
5

H
2 isq.

020
0'07
0'03

li1t
H

006
0'17

OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.850

N.850
N.860
T.630 lhr
T.650
T.650
T.650
T.630

31'3
289
394
295
27'8
328
29'0

"""'8
430
50'0
4S'1
40'8
45'0
46'0

2Si
26
27
28
27
31t
28

5H
47
64
68
59

52
23
88
84
32
94
57

2
1

....
..

8
11

--038
0'38

018

0'69
014

..

0037

..

0'037

0'88
086

B.O.H.
B.O.H.

0'38
0'38

0'23
0'16

065
0'51

0032
0021

0'030
0'032

1'00
0'70

---

..

..

..

010
0'13

"""'5
"""'5
47'6
46'0
43'6

24
25
25
26
28

52
53t
61t
64
61

91
29

30'1

"""'7

25

50

55

27'2
284
376
36'4
320
320

"""'2
50'3
504
458
482
452

25
25
25
27
lli
28

55
66

40

OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.850

N.860
N.850
T.650WQ
T.650
T.645
T.650

..

61t

85
21
74

5
11
10

OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.850

N.860
N.850
T.645
T.600
T.640
T.660 lhr

27'6
296
38'3
37'0
409
HO
30'0

45'8
43'8
490
42'2
45'7
470
46'0

25
27
28
30
31t
27
25

32
46
98
88
94
55
50

N.850
N.850
OQ.850 T.600 WQ
OQ.850 T.630
OQ.850 T.680

H
1t

..
I

q.

30'5
252
33'1
34'0
28'8

11
7

..

..
8

--0'39
5-6

A.O.H.

0'39
0'39

..

039
0'39
0'39

0'15

086

0'13
0'20

075
120

023

073
0'78
086

..

Hx1t

0'79
0025
0030

0'023
0'038

0'88
0'69

0034

0'015

091
082
077

0025

0'020

..

..

..

li-

Oll
0'16

N.850

2 isq.

010

--- - - B.O.H.

Heat Treatment

070
0'60

..

..

Section Size
die.

..

A.O.H.

B.O.H.
A.O.H.

Mo

--0'37
0'37
037
0'37
0'37
037
0'37

B.O.H.

Cr

Ni

0'25

..

B.O.H.

0'35

--B.O.H.
B.O.H.

Tensile

0'10

H
H

(Ml

-g
....

...::s@
Z

i=\

!!..
VI

2
8
7

--0-40
0'40
0'40
040
040
040

..

024

0'80
064
0'82
104
0'78
0'67

..

0'76
089
0-84
076
098
0'80

1 .....h.x
0'13
012
0'16
0'20
0'23

..

li4

li-

4 isq.
Seq.

...

8
11

..

38
28

...

.....

(X)

U'1

:::s

-....,

::s

....

CD
0'

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Tensile

Chemical CompCllldon (%)

PI'OCMI
of
Msnufacture

ASTH

Grain
Size

51

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Section Size
dis.

Heat Treatment

(In.)

0-41
00-41
0.-41
00-41
00-41
0041
HI
0'41

...

...
..
......
.....
...
..
.

0'25
019
030
0027

..

0070

0'81

0'97
0'77
1'00
1'03
0'75
0'64
0'65

0'83
0078
077
080
089
091
100

...
..
...
.

....
.....
..
...
..

..
..

0'18

H
Slq.

H
9

007
0'36

....
..
.....

21

H
Ii

..
..
...
..
..

..
..
.....

....
....
....

....
..

..
..

01% 002% O'S%

P.S.
P.5.
P.5.
(0'1 Rp ) (0'2R p ) (OoSR p )

..

..
....
..
..
...

..
..
..
..
..
......

WQ.850

(Rs)

T.S.
(Rm)

Tonl/sq.ln.

N.850
OQ.8S0
OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.8S0
OQ.860
OQ.860
OQ.8S0

Y.P.

29'3
31-2
320
372
37'0
35'0
296
328
415
41-5
415
415
415
400
35'0
306
270

T.650
T.630
T.630
T.635
T.625
T.635
T.l00
T.200
T.300
T.400
T.500
T.600
T.6SO
T.680
T.l00
T.200
T.300
T.400
T.500
T.600
T.650
T.680

595
56'0
49'0
39'0
335
300

EI

R.A.

(A)

(Z)

(%)

610
590
520
42'0
360
330

-4S'5
-45'-4
-46'0
-41-3
50'0
-460
-410
-46'8
58'0
58'0
57'5
570
56'5
56'0
49'0
-45'5
....0
79'5
79'5
79'0
78'0
74'0
660
55'0
50'0
47'0

2H
2-4
28
21
19
21i
30
25
21
21
21
21i
22
23
26
28
30
11
11
Iii
12
17i
23
26
28

14

b:od

(%)

fe.lb.

39

23
22
75
51

....

S-4i
-45

-47i
-47i
4

48

50
5H

60i

69
70
27
28
31
35
41
50
62
66
67 i

....

55
72
69
2-4
23
22
23
24
30
43
53
59
14
15
lSi
17
20
28
50
66
75

..

0'71

..

093

..

005

..

Ii

OQ.8S0 T.660
OQ.8S0 T.650

35'8
33-9

469
47'7

28
27

66
62

100
88

042
0042

064
0'69

093
089

003
003

H
Ii

OQ.850 T.670
OQ.9S0 7.650
OQ.850 T.680

317
31-3
31'0

474
48'2
45'8

25
25
28

57
59
64

45
33
40

0'41

Ref.

..
...
..
1

..

11

...
......
....
...
..,.
....
..
..
5

..
1

---

--7
3

..

..

...

"0

i;::.

n
'"
~
....
:::J"
til

.,

CI:I

;:;

<;j'
:::J"

....
Cl

V\

.,g..
::3

Cl..
ITl
::3

'"n:-

!l.

'"

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)

Pro. . .
of
Manu'lCture

B.O.H.

...5TH
Grain
Size

04]
0'43
0'43
0-43
(1-43

Si

017
020
024

0'81
0'73
078
1'12
1'05

0029
0030

..
.

..

..
..
..

1'10

0'98

0'44

0'79
070
0'73
092
094

..
..
..

0'44

Ni

0'021
0'029

..

---

Mn

0'78

0'60

Tensile

Cr

Mo

Section Size
dla.

Heat Treatment

(In.)

4 tx1f

N.850
N.840
OQ.86O T.640
OQ.850 T.600
OQ.850 T.580 lhr
T.550 ..

1i

017
0'28

..

1
4

n hex

H
4

Y.P.
(R s)

0'1%
0'2%
0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.5.
(O'lR p ) (0'2R p ) (0'5R p)

T.5.
(Rml

("')

Tons/sq.in.

..

EI

(%)

310
312
3104
406
439
40'2

450
476
47'6
487
574
542

24
24
26
2st
20 i
22

R.....
(%)

Izod
b.

Ref.

35
22
28
56
41
35

2
12
8
5
1

r t.1

(Z)

47

55
57

..

--0'16

.."
..

0'11

1.
2 i
1
2 i
3 i

..

N 850
OQ.850 T.650 lhr
OQ.850 T.670 lhr
OQ.850 T.630 lhr

33'1
33-0
41'7
344
32'4

520
51'6
520
487
464

22
21i
24i
23
2B

50
42
62
52
59

29
36
82
84
71

---

....
..

"i
.,
n

(II
~

....

:z
n

!l.

....

VI

..

--045
0'45
0'45

024
022

0'69
074
086

0'025

0027

0'94
0'90
0'89

0'17

Hi

st

OQ.850 T.650 lhr

OQ.860 T.660
OQ.850 T.650

360
30'6
34'0

49'0
46'4
47'8

27
28
24i

62
55

96
27
65

1
8
2

...~
m

::J

En 12
Properties

188

of

the British Standard En steels

EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

80

OIIsil. tlren'liI.

70

- --

Yield ,Iro...

-- --

1.' dia. bars Water Quenched 8S00 C

L---'"

Re~t~on

-- --

Elonoalion.

100

Ni

0'41

0'65

1,00

200

300

---

./

500

flmperotur.

Te.,inq

(Ref.S)
Mn

.--~

IIOd.

l7
l7 ""f
7

of areo.

20

10

-~~

'"-

""'-

Fi,. 12.10

&0

70

bO

Tensi'e strenqth

Reduction

of orto.

1.' dia. bars Oil Quenched 8S0 C

0

40

10

Elonqation.

100

vz
V

--

30

20

~
I

r"ld sir..

,g

200
Tampwinq

300
tlmperature

FI,. 12.11

---

500

bOO

En 12
189

1 per cent Nickel Steel

EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

80

(Ref. 2)

70

Iz<>d

--------

Rclilction of are

bO

OQ. 850C Tempered 600 a C

T.nsilo strenqth.

..........

"

Yi.ld ,,,..,.

.5

oX 30

Elan otion.

20

-----

diam.t., (in)

Fla. 12.12

~Z~d

~-

R. d uction
of area

bO

Ten. il.

."ong'"

Yi.ld str.SI
I
Elongation

20

10

b
Bar

80, diam.t., (in)

Fla. 12.13

OQ. 850C Tempered 650C

--

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURE

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Section

51

Mn

dia.

'C

(in.)

...
....

032

..
..
...

0'20

..
..

0'63

..
..
..

...
.

.....
....

....
.....

0'010

..
.....

..
..
.

085

006

N.850

....

0'2%
P.S.
(0'2R p)

R.T.

27'5

-n
-195
R.T.

OQ.850 T.600

Y.P.
(Rs )

0'5%
P.S.
(0'5R p)

T.S.
(Rm)

Tons/sq.in.

'C

...
...

..
...

007

009

0'1%
P.S.
(O'lR p )

Test
Temp.

Heat Treatment

Size

Mo

Cr

Ni

cg

27'6.

36

-n

41'0
47'5
62
46'6
52'0

335
60'4

36

398
684

-195

R.A.
(%)
50

29
28

26
26

22
S

...
,.
....

5H
50
11
62
61
11

25

66

Ref.

(Z)

(A)

4fA

276

36

EI
(%)

.....
....

7 & 13

-0

-i.,....

if

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

....

Tensile

Chemical Compolition (%)

McQuaid
Ehn
Grain
SiD

7-5

Section
C

Mn

51

NI

.. .. . ..

Mo

Cr

. . ..

Size

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

'C

dia.

0'32

0'20

0063

0-010

0'06

0009

0'07

025 0095

0'032

0'013 0'7] 0'09

0'40

002

,.

0'85

Chemical composition (%)

C

.
...
..
...
...
.

0'36

Si

...
.....

0'30

..
.....

Mn

....
...

0'65

...
....

..
...
..
..
..

0'018

...
...
..
.
...

0'014

NI

....
...
...
.....

0'85

Section
Size
diL
(in.)

..3
..
....
..
..
....
..

Hardened &
Tempered

..
..

..
..

..

T.S.
(R m )

36

.....
..

rzo<!

Ch.rpy Mun..er notch

..
Ch.rpy V notch
..

CD

-100

(Z)

-70

--40

-20 -0

Ref

20

40

60

....
C;;

:!.

80

~
Q

29
26
26

41'0
46'6
48'9

Type of
Impact Test

Test Tem peratu re, C

R.A.
(%)

EI
(%)
(A)

Tons/sq.in.

N.850
OQ850 T600
OQ850 T620

Treatment

..
...

Y.P.
(Rs )

....

Charpy V Notch Impact, ft. lb.

5H
62
6H

Position 01

Specimen

in bar

..
..

Lonlitudin.l.
Transverse,

Lonlitudinal

..
..
Lonlitudinal,
Transverse,

..

3
28
16

I
I fdb.
%Fibroul Fracture

fdb.

%Fibrous Fracture

fdb .

%Fibrous Fracture

ft.lb.

%';'~
,~""
ft.lb.

%Fibroul Fracture

4
30
19

13
34
27

18
43
39

27
56
82

43
86

94

46

60
88

61
88

..

il

",

g-

'"....~

Test Temperature, 'C

-120 -100 -90 -60

12
0
8
0
6
0

6
0
6
0
30
0
15
0

48

5
33
5
8
0

24
10
17
10
63
10
42
10
17
5

-30

60

35
15
25
15

56
38
32
20
86
60
58
45
51
53

81
100
52
100
127
100
81
100
112
100

100
77
100
51
100

109
100

;;;Ref

..
..
..
....
..
..

14

En 12
191

1 per cent Nickel Steel

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

Chemical Composition f%)
C

SI

0<40

025

095

NI

Cr

Mo

0032

0013

0'73

009

002

McQuaid Ehn grain size 7 -S (ASTM)

Bars 011 Quenched from 8S0C Tempered at 620C.

(Ref. 2)

IOor------,----:-:---r:;...------,
Fib,ous
f,octuro.

5Ot-------t----~f-_+_-----~

i.

!?

I
I
I

",

"100

-so
T.........

tu,. c.

Fie. 12. 14

HO

:::s

....
-0

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)

Tensile
Size

Heat
Treatment

Test
Temp.

(in.)

Section
C

..
...

032

51

...
....

0'20

Mn

....

0'63

...
.

..
....

0'010

...
.....

0060

Ni

...
...
.

0'85

Cr

....

0'09

...
..

Mo

..

007

..
...

dia.

....
....
1

....
..

N.850

OQ.850 T.6OO

R.T.
300
600

0'1%
P.5.
(O'lR p)

02%
P.5.
(0'2R p )

0'5%
P.5.
(0'5R p)

T.5.
(R m )

Tons'sq.in.
275

R.T.
300
600

74
36
24'6
7'4

275
187
80
36
263
87

27'6
21'9
90
36
29'1
10'2

R.A.
(%)

EI
(%)
(A)
4fA

410
45'3
14'2

29
30
69

46'6
464
138

26
26
52

Ref.

(Z)

50

2S
5S!

40

5H
41t
74
62
39

80

....
2

...
..

ri

if

LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Private correspondence with The United Steel Companies Limited.
2. Private correspondence with English Steel Corporation Limited.
3. Private correspondence with Firth-Brown Limited.
... Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of the 8.5. En Series Steels (Second Edition). Prepared by The Metallurgy
(General) Division of The British Iron and Steel Research Association; The Iron and Steel Institute Special Report
No. 56. 1956.
5. Transformation Characteristics of Direct-Hardening Nickel Alloy Steels. published by The Mond Nickel Company
Limited 1958.
6. Symposium on The Hardenabllityof Steel. Organised by Technical Advisory Committee of The Special and Alloy
Steels Committee (Ministry of Supply) and The Iron and Steel Institute. Iron and Steel Institute Special Report
No. 36 1946.
7. Private correspondence with Edgar Allen Co Limited.
8. Private correspondence with the Park Gate Iron &. Steel Co limited.
9. R.H. Greaves. The Properties of Some Low Nickel Steels containing Manganese. J. Iron & Steel Inst. Vol. 132.
No.2. p. 99. 1935
10. Private correspondence with Jessop-Saville Co. Limited.
11. 8.5. 971: 1950 Commentary on 8ritish Standard Wrought Steels n Series. British Standards Institute. 1950.
12. Private correspondence with Round Oak Steel Works Limited.
13. British Iron and Steel Research Association unpublished data.
H. A.W. Johnston. Comparison of Charpy Vee, Charpy U and Izod Notched-Bar tests on Steel over the Temperature Transition Range. Mechanical Engineering Research Laboratory report., April. 1958.

So
(II

OJ

g.

::!.

V\

::a

g.

IT1

::a

i'"

;;;;

En 13

MANGANESE-NICKEL-MOLYBDENUM STEEL
SPECIFICATION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)
C

5i

Mn

0'15/0'25

0'10/0'35

1-40/1'80

0050 max

0050 max

NI

Mo

0'4010'70

0'15/0'35

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Condition
Hardened" Tempered

Prope"y

(Q)

Llmidnl rulinl ._Ion. In.

Tenlile .trenlth Ton./sq.ln.. min.
Yield Streu. 1 Tons/sq.ln., min.
0'2% Proof 5tr_. i Tonl/sq.ln min.
Elonsadon per cent. min.
Izod ImplCt, ft.-lb min.
Brinell hardn_ I

6
40
30
27

22

40

179,229

(1) Not to be Uled II acceptance testa except by Ipeclal arranlement between the pur-

ch_r and manufacturer.

(2)When .peclally requuted In the enquiry or order.
(3) For informadon purpOHl only. Not a contractual pan of the Ipeclficatlon.

APPLICATIONS
As for En.12 especially where good shock resistance Is reqUired. Uses: Parts for harvesters, dredging machinery, rock
crushers, rods for well boring, railway coupling and connecting rods, bolts, draw gears, mining haulage, cage suspension
bars and lifting gear, floor plates etc.

WELDING
(See Introduction for key to symbols used In this table.)
Weld1nc Proc_
En No.
MA.
13

G.
ax

I.G.
a

5.
e

F.

B.
h

Reproduced by kind perml.lon of H.M.5.a.

MACHINABILITY
The machinability of this steel In the normalized condition Is apprOXimately 70 per cent of that for mild steel (En 3)
When heat treated to 40 to 50 Tons/sq.in the machinability Is apprOXimately 65 per cent of that for mild steel.

193

En 13
194

Properties of the British Standard En steels

HOT WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES

Forging rolling and Stamping
Normalizing
Annealing
Subcritical annealing
Hardening
Tempering

1200C finish above 8500 C

870-920oC Air cool.
870-920oC furnace cool.
630-680o C Air and furnace cool.
850-890oC Oil or Water cool.
550-660oC Air cool.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (d)
Chemical Composition (%)
51

Mn

NI

Cr

Mo

0'23

1'78

0'036

0028

0'67

0'09

028

C
0'18

Heat
Treatment

5peclfic Gravity
at 20"C

f
Re.

C
OQ.870 T.660

7'85

SPECIFIC HEAT (e)

Mean Specific Heat. Calli del C

Chemical Composition (%)

C

51

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

018

023

1-78

0'036

0028

0'67

0'09

0'28

He.t
Treatment
C

OQ.870 T.660

20to
200"C

0'115

20to
3OOC

20to
o4OO"C

20to
500"C

20to
600"C

20to
650"C

0119

0'123

0'128

0135

0'140

Ref.

MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION (<X)

10' x Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion per del C

Chemical Composition (%)

C

SI

0'18

0'23

Heat
Treatment
C

2Oco
l00"C

2Oco
200"C

2Oco
3OOC

20to
o4OO"C

20to
500"C

20to
600"C

2Oco
650'C

OQ.870 T.660

12'2

13'25

1360

1'100

14'45

1490

15'10

(within specification)

12'0

12'5

13

14

1405

15

(within specification)

12'5

132

1307

1'1'4

146

1'18

Mn

Ni

1'78 0'036 0028 0'67

Cr

Mo

0'09 028

135

14'1

2Oco
700"C

Ref.

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (/?)

Ch.mica' Composition (%)
C

5i

0'18

0'23

Mn

Ni

1-78 0'036 0'028 0'67

Electrical Resistivity, microhm em.

H.at

Cr
0'09

R.f.

Treatment

Mo

0'281 OQ.870 T.660

2O"C

l00"C

200"C

300"C

<4OO"C

SOO"C

600"C

6SO"C

1$0

300

36'5

.....1$

5375

65'0

n75

&4-75/

::s

~
::s

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (Ie)

til

Ch.mlcal Compooition (%)

C

0'18

51

023

Mn

1-78

0036

Ni

0028

Mo

Cr

0'67

0-09

Heat
T....tm.nt
C

028

OQ.870T.660

l00"C 200"C 300"C

Th.rmal Conductivity. Cal/cm d., C

<4OO"C

SOO"C

til

600"C

R.f.

2-

gc:

0111

0'107

0'103

0'096

0'089

0'082 11

[
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
ASTM
McQuaid
Ehn Grain
Size.
4-2 with 1

Ch.mical Composition (%)

C

0'18

Si
023

Mn

1-78 0'036

Ni

0'028 067

Cr

Mo

0'09 028

OQ.870 T.600

Reman Coerclv.

Macn.tic Induction B (,au") for Macn.tizin, Fi.ld of H (o.nted) =

Heat Tr.atm.nt
10

20

13,000 13,000 16,300

60

100

17,200

18,200

150

200

300

500

nc.

700

Brem
(,aus.)

19,000 19,500 20.300 21,100 21,400 114,9631

fore

---

He
(oent.d)
8'0

R.f.

...

-0
VI

-w

En 13
196

Properties of the British Standard En steels

TRANSFO RMATIO N CHARACTE RISTICS

ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION
Chemical Composition (%)

51

Mn

NI

Cr

Mo

0'19

0'14

1'37

0012

0'026

056

0'20

031

Basic Electric Arc.

McQuaid Ehn grain size 2-4 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 6-8 (ASTM)
Bars hot rolled to i dia. cold drawn to 11 SWG. With intermediate annealing at 600C. Rolled to tape 003 w x 01
Austenitizing Temperature 870C, 30 min.
(Ref. 4)

'lO0

Ac

-'-

. --

-'

f--

-- .-

- -- -

.- r--- - - -

100

--

---- - - -- --

f--

700

~- --

t-- - . - 7~

j/

,"-

--~ --

0\ ~ 1\0 \

~.

50

f...... t'on

TrQl

~-

--

.- --

- -

")

.....-

(
\ \

7'

-~

400

,/

.....-

-- --

I-

--

--

I.--' I -

( r-..'"" r-,
.............

I---..

- -

D
t--

100

o/.

JOO

200
2

Sea.

\0

20

40 I

10

Mins.
Durolion

20

4().

Hrs.
of

;'0......1

Fil. 13.1

heatlllOnt.

10

20 I

Day.

En 13
197

Manganese-Nickel-Molybdenum Steel

HARDENABILITY
END QUENCH HARDENABILITY
Chemical Composition (%)
C

5i

Mn

019

0'14

1-37

0'012

0026

NI

Cr

Mo

056

020

0'31

Basic Electric Arc

McQuaid Ehn grain size 2- 4 ASTM
As Quenched grain size 6-8 ASTM

(Ref. 4.)
800

700
bOO

~:>:

500

............

400

"-

JOO

200

0'2

'" -Ob

0'4

0'8

'0

12

14

18

Ib

20

22

Distance from quenched end of bar (inches.)

FI,. 13.2
Chemical Composition (%)
C

SI

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'18

0'30

1-66

0039

0033

0'44

1105

0'23

Acid Open Hearth.

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6-8 ASTM
As Quenched grain size 7 - 8 ASTM
Bars Normalized from 850C End Quenched from 875C
Tempered at 640C A.C.

(Ref. 5.)

sao

"
~ A()O
>

:>:

sao

""

I"'"

-.!.640C

quonchod

"r-....

200

r--.... ...........
I---

Ip

05
4

&

Distol"Ce

10

12

Ir"",

14

II>

quenched

15
18

end

20

of

Fi,. 13.3

22

bar.

~O

21>

2&

JO

J2

Inche..
JI> Sixteentho.

En 13
Properties

198

of the British Standard En steels

END QUENCH HARDENABILITY BAND (Ref. 3)

Thil band hu been conltructed from end quench curveo of leveral

CalU

of En. 13.

.-

bOO

7 ~

500

~
:I:

-<:

400

~"'-< /

300

200

I>--

~ (j ~ ~ r>

:I

~
:"

V~
~

c
4

V
lj
:<L: r~~~V~ 5/'/7 ~

10

12

14

Ib

18

20

22

24

2b

28

30

Inches
32 Si.'Hn,h.

Distance from quenched end of bar.

FI,.1M

HARDNESS TRAVERSE CURVES

Chemical Composition (%)
C

51

Mn

NI

Cr

Mo

0'18

0'30

1-66

0'039

0'033

0'+1

005

0'23

Acid Open Hearth.

McQuaid Ehn graIn size 6-8 ASTM
As Quenched grain size 7-8 ASTM
Bars Oil Quenched from 875C. Tempered at 640C.
Hardness traverse curves for Bars rolled to size

400

..........

~ 350

As Quenched

:!

..........

...... ~dia .

____ J..- ,lidio.

..... I'---...

JOO

i'--- --

250

J<)

(Ref. 5)

. / ,I{dia.

~~
o

Diltonce f.....

....t..

0'5
of Mr (in')

Pl&.13.S
300

Q 250
Oil Quenched and Tempered 6'I()OC

~
:I:

200

~c1ia.

I"di

l....

I~dia.

.:..-

2i1ia.~

150

10()

005

o
Dillancl froOl Clllt", of bor (in).

FI,. 13.6

05

1-0

En 13
199

Manganese-N ieke/-Molybdenum Steel

HARDNESS TRAVERSE CURVES (continued)
Hardness traverse curves for Bars machined from centre of 4 billet.

As Quenched

(Ref 5)
450

400

..

J50

'-........
'-............

J:

JOO

250

1-0

~dio.

-------

---

---

05

l!idio
~1~diO'
l.-'

-Aio.

0-5

Di.I.nn from canlro of bor (in)

Fie. 13.7.

Oil Quenched and Tempered 640"C

JOO

~25O
J:

200

150

---=
K)

\dio.
116dio.

llidio

---<
o

005

Oi.lonco fl'Olll conI.. of bor (in)

Fi

e. 13.8

10

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)
Process of
Manufacture

Tensile
Section

ASTM

Grain

Size

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

dia.

(in.)

...
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
.....

B.E.A.

...
..
.

3-5

..
..
....
..
.

..
..

..
..

..
..
...
....
...

...

..
..
.
..
...
....
..
....
..

.... ....
.. ..
... .....
.... ....
.. ..
... ....
. .
.. .
.. ..
.... ....
..... ....
.. .
. ..

0'15

025

1-68

,i

..
....
....
..
..
..
....
.,

..
..

..
...
..
..

..

...
..
...
..
....
..

...

....
....

0'02.. 0018

...
....
..
....
..

..
....

..
.....
....
..

064

.. ....
...
...
..
..
.
....
..
....
."..
....
...
..
..
...
.. ....
.... .... ....
.. .. ...
... ... ....
... ... ...
.. . ..
.... ... ....
. .. ..

... ..... ......

.. ... . .. .. ..
..
..

..

0'11

....
...
.....
..

..

..
..

..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.....

...
....
...
.....
.....

0'26

....
...
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
.....
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

....
..
..
...
..
..t
..
.

0'..2..

..
....
..H
..
....
..
..
..
..2.
...
....
.
....
..
3
....

0'05% 0'1%
0'2% 0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.5.
P.S.
(0'5R p) (O'lR p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

Heat
Treatment

Size

t-J

....
......
...
.
..

....
..
..
.....
.....
....
...

AC.870 lhr

..

AC.870 lhr

....
....

..
..
..

AC.870 lhr

....
.....
...

.... ..
..

AC.870 lhr

T.2002hr
T.400 2hr
T.5002hr
T.5502hr
T.575 2hr
T.60'2hr
T.6252hr
T.6502hr
T.6752hr

AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC

T.2002hr
T.5002hr
T.5502hr
T.575 2hr
T.6002hr
T.635 2hr
T.6502hr
T.6752hr

AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC

T.2002hr
T.5002hr
T.5502hr
T.6002hr
T.6252hr
T.6502hr
T.6152hr

AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC

T.2002hr
T.4002hr
T.5002hr
T.5502hr
T.5752hr
T.6002hr
T.625 2hr
T.6502hr
T.6752hr

AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC

T.2002hr AC
T.4002hr AC

235
228
30'2
30'6
319
30'9
33'"
33'1
306
29..
232
29'0
3"'1
338
3..5
3"'3
34'7
32'8
29'9
22'1
216
30'0
31-5
33'1
33'7
30..
26'0
2..6
26'6
300
32..
308
31'2
33'6
32'1
31'"

20'7
27'7
28'8

26'8
26'3
319
32'5
33'"
325
34-3
33'"
320
29'8
26'5
31'3
356
355
35'2
35'0
35'0
330
31'3
25'6
26'2
328
33'"
33-5
14'0
30'5
27'0
27'3
29'2
31'9
335
32'"
318
141
329

30'6
29'7
3..7
3....
3"'5
339
148
338
32'3
30'1
303
33-3
36'9
373
361
35'5
358
330
32'0
296
30'8
14'9
35'1
3"'0
3....
30'7
277
30'2
31'7
146
35-3
3..0
33'7
35'3
33'5

29'"
25'0
302
31-3

29'5
29'8
33'"
146

35'3
34..
387
36'9
363
35'6
359
35'2
327
31-3
359
371
38'8
396
376
36'6
37'6
331
32'0
35-3
370
31'3
372
350
35'5
315
29..
348
355
38'6
37'6
359
35'"
36'1
14'8
318
30'2
308
38'1
386

EI
(%)

(A)

Tons/sq.in.

'C
AC.870 lhr

T.S.
(Rm)

..9'0
48'2
..69
..5'7
....9
..3'5
..39
..2'6
..1'"
40'3
50'7
SO'3
..7'5
46'"
..5'8
..5'0
..3'7
..2'0
40'9
4]'6
..7'"
..5'"
..5'1
..3'2
..2'1
39'9
39'"
..9'1
..9'5
""3
46'"
..5'6
46'9
....2
..3'3
40
38"
..9'8
..90
46'7

26
26
27
27
29t
2st
29
30
30
29j.
26
25
26i
26
27t
28
28

28t
31
26
21
21
29
28
2st
30
33
25
2..
2..
27
27
29
28
2st
30 t
30 t
2.. t
25
25

R.A.
(%)

Izod
ft.lb.

Ref.

(Z)

57t
59
68
67t
68
67 t
68
70t
70 t
69
55

sst

M
65
66
67
67t
68t
66t
56
59
67
67t
69
70 t
70 t
66t
54t
56
63
65
65
62t
68
69
71j
71t

sit

55
62t

29
38
11
102
115
119
116
119
119
119
19
32

...
....

90

106
108
111
115
112
18
22
9
38
62
'5
104
89
110
115
16
2..
1

'"lJ
til

ri

if

...

92

103
106
107
111
112
111
22
33

.g

::Jtil

::J-

.....
....
...
.
....
....
......
.

..
.

~go
a.
1'1'1

::s

'"~

!!..

'"

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Proceslof
Hanufaccure

B.E.A.

.
.

..
..

..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..

..

..
..
..
..
.
..
..

Tensile

ASTM

Section

Grain

Size

3-5

..
..
..

...

..
.
..
..

..

.
.

..

0'15

.
.
.
.
..
..

Si

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

0'25

.

.
.

.
..
..
..

..

..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
..
..
.

..
..

..
.
..
..
..
.
..
.
.

.
..
..
..

Mn

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..

1'68

.
.
.

..
.
..
..
..
.
.
..
.
.
..
..
..

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

0-024 0018 0'64

..
..
..

.
.
.
.

.
.
.

..

..

..
.
..
..
.
..

.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.

.
.
. .
.

..
..

..
.
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
.
..
.
..
..
..

..

Cr

NI

.
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
..
..
.
.
.

0011

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..

..
..
..
.
..
..
..
..
..
..

.
.

..
.

Mo

(in.)

diL

0.26

..3
.
.
.
H
..

.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.

0'424

..
..
.
..
.

.
..
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..

..
..

..

..
..
..

..
t

..

..
.
.

.
.

Size

Heac
T....cm.nc

AC.870 lhr

..

T.500 2hr AC
T.550 2hr AC
T.575 2hr AC
T.600 2hr AC
T.6252hr AC
T.650 2hr AC
.. T.675 2hr AC
AC.870 lhr
T.200 2hr AC
T.4OO 2hr AC
T.5002hrAC
T.550 2hr AC
T.6002hr AC
T 625 2hr AC
T.650 2hr AC
T.675 2hr AC
OQ.870 1hr
T.loo 2hr AC
T.2oo 2hr AC
T.3oo 2hr AC
.. T.4OO 2hr AC
.. T.5oo 2hr AC

.. T.550 2hr AC
.. T.575 2hr AC
.. T.600 2hr AC
.. T.625 2hr AC

.. T.650 2hr AC
.. T.675 2hr AC
OQ.870 lhr
T.1oo 2hr AC
T.2oo 2hr AC
.. T.3oo 2hr AC
.. T.400 2hr AC
.. T.5oo 2hr AC
.. T.550 2hr AC
.. T.575 2hr AC
.. T.6oo 2hr AC
.. T.625 2hr AC

0'05% 0'1% 0'2% 0'5%

P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p) (O'IR p) (0'2R p)(0'5R p)
Tonl/sq.in.

33'1
31-9
3t-7
349
31'5

.
.

..

23'6
249
287
29'6
313
31'2
32'6
309
27'8
41'8
32-3
424
51'0
51'1
50'9
504
494
47'8

..
.
..
..

..

.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

T.S.
(R m)

37'1
374
416
49'8
517
509
499
50'5
47'6

344
33'6
330
35'6
32-3

35'8
355
34'1
366
33'2

269
276
30'3
312
326
322
]],0
314
28'6
47'8
404
488
55'2
544
523
51'1
50'1
48'1
45'1
4t-7

304
307
332
33'1
338
329
]]'1
31'5
293
544
492
56'2
6008
583
537
51'9
506
484
452

44'1
425
479
54'2
546
52'1
505
51-2
480

51'4
498
550
597
582
53'8
51'5
520
485

380
379
36'1
38'1
348
32'5
29'5
35-3
34'5
369
36'0
35'8
343
33'6
31'8
29'5
63'7
602
64'1
66'9
62'0
55'2
52'6
51'9
489
454
41'8
37'0
61'1
589
635
66'2
62'6
55'6
52'8
529
48'8
46'9

46'7
45'4
45'0
44'6
427
402
38'9
474
472
45-9
456
44'6
426
421
40'0
38'1
732
71'9
71'2
71'9
650
59'2
56'8
547
52'8
499
47'0
434
72'2
68'7
73'0

n4

67'3
60'1
574
564
537
514

EI
(%)
(A)

27+
26i
27+
28
27
31
31
24
25
25
2H
2H
2Si
28
2Si
32
17
16 t
16
16
19
lH
22
23
2S
26
26
29
17i
16t
17 t
17
18
21t

23
23t
2st

R.A.
(%)
(z)

64
63t
66
67
66i
70
6H
56
57
65
64i
64i
68i
69
70 i
71 i
56 i
5H
60
60t
64t
6st
63t
68
69
71t

7H
57t
56t
5Si
58 t
61t
66
63t
68
68 t
70 t

Izoe!
fc.lb.

49
94
101
103
104
107
113
12
19
7
36
60
97
106
105
118
18
2S
34
10
14

85
91
100
110
119
119
20
24
24
7
11
85
86
107
98
101

R.f.

.
.

..
..
.
..
..
..
..
..
.
..

::s

::s
~

(ll

"~
~

!!..
o

:i::s
c:

....

VI

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

...~
m

::I

-w
::::I

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Tensile

Chemical Composition ("10)

Procenof
Manufacture

A5TM
Grain
Size

Section

51

Mn

N;

Cr

Mo

Heat
Treatment

Size

dia.

(in.)

...
..
...
...
..

8.E.A.

"
"

....

....
.....

..
....
..
...
..
...
..

..
......
....
...

....
...
....
..
...
.....
......
..
...
....
..
...
...
.....
..
.....

3-5

....
...
...
....
...
....
.....
....
......
.....

0'15

...
...
....
....
....
.....
..

0'25

....
...

1-68

....
..
...

...
..
....

..
..
...
..., ,...
...
...
.
'"

...
...

... ...
"

......
....

0'024

..
..
..
..

..
..

....
....
..
...
..

....
....

0'018

..
..

....

..
..

..
....
...

... .... ....

.... . ....
.. .... ..

0'64

..
.,

..

..
....
..
..
...

011

..

..
..
..
..
....
....
....
......
..

.. ....
... ....
.. ... ..
... .... ...
.. .. .
.... ...... .....
.... .... .....
... ... ....
.. .... ... .....
.. . . ..

026

..
..
....
..
..
....
....
..

....
...
..
....
..

.f
Ii
...
..
..

.....
....
..
H
......

....
...

.
.

....

0'05% 0'1% 02%

05%
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
(0'05R p) (O'lR p) (0'2R p) (0'5Rp)

..
..

OQ.870 lhr T.650 2hr AC

.. T.6752hr AC
OQ.870 lhr
.. T.loo 2hr AC
.. T.2oo 2hr AC
.. T.3OO2hr AC
.. T.400 2hr AC
.. T.SOO2hr AC
.. T.5502hr AC
.. T. 575 2hr AC
.. T.600 2hr AC
.. T.6252hr AC
.. T.6SO 2hr AC
.. T.6752hr AC
OQ.870 lhr
.. T.loo2hr AC
.. T.2oo 2!1r AC
.. T.3oo 2hr AC
.. T.400 2hr AC
.. T.SOO 2hr AC
.. T.5SO 2hr AC
.. T.5752hr AC
.. T.6002hr AC
.. T.6252hr AC
.. T.650 2hr AC
.. T.675 2hr AC
OQ.870 lhr
.. T.loo 2hr AC
.. T.2oo 2hr AC
.. T.3oo 2hr AC
.. T.400 2hr AC
.. T.5oo 2hr AC
.. T.550 2hr AC
.. T.575 2hr AC
.. T.600 2hr AC
.. T.625 2hr AC
.. T.650 2hr AC
.. T.675 2hr AC

.....
.....
....
..
..

......
..
..

..
..
..

....

.....
..
...
...
..

T.5.
(R m )

Tons/sq.;n.

24'7
307
252
350
377
400
40'4
40'3
414
39'6

32'4 - 417
363
423
3103
38'2
387
437
40'5
44'5
41'6
436
41'2
420
409
416
420
42'6
398
399

281
276
279
32'5
326
366
375
39'7
39'2
367
32'2

320
320
329
360
352
381
380
400
394
372
326

370
371
38'3
407
390
40'2
391
407
39'9
374
33'0

23'4
26'7
26'2
32'2
33'5
35'5
37'5
38'4
374
36'6

290
314
312
355
360
370
380
38'5
377
370

357
371
377
402
395
390
39'0
387
380
374

43'0
372
50'6
49'2
468
499
491
46'1
436
427
436
408
37'2
32'7
43'1
43'1
448
46'6
44'6
42'8
40'7
416
40'7
379
33-3
326
43'6
44'0
44'5
459
44'5
41'5
40'9
39'5
38'5
377
34'5
316

47'8
43'6
576
57'7
55'4
569
55'7
520
500
48'6
484
46'0
42'2
40'1
52'6
521
534
54'2
50'6
49'6
478
48'1
47'4
446
408
39'5
51'9
51'2
51'0
525
514
49'1
48'3
46'9
460
449
41'9
39'7

EI

(%)
(A)

2Si
30
20
20
21
21
20
24
25
2H
2H
25i30
32
22
22
22
20
21
23

25
25
25i26i
2Si
30
23

24
2H
22t
22
23i
23i26i
27
27
28
291

R.A.
(%)

Izod
fc.lb.

Ref.

(Z)

7"
73
61 i6"
63
6li65
67
68
68i69
71
73
ni62
65
64
66i6Si64
65 i67
68i69
70 i71 i61
63
6"
67
64i64
64i
67
66i68t
71i71

108
113
23
19
32
5
10
78
94
102
100
104
110
116
15
16
18
5
5
35
68
74
100
105
112
118
19
22
26
9
9
45
68
83
91
99

107
109

.g.,."
~

o
-...
roo
::r.,.

....
..
..
.....
...
0

...

tXJ
~

in'

::r-

V\

roo

:J

0..
Q

it
I'T1

:J

.,.'"~

;;;

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Compoaltlon (%)
P~of

Hanufactu,.

.
..

B.EA

..
..
..

..
..
......
....
..
..
....

..
..
..

..
....
..
..
..
..
....
..

..

ASTH
Grain
Size

....
...
......

3-5

..
..
..
..
..

..
....
..
.
..
....
..
....
..
....
.....

..

51

Mn

.. ..
.
.. ." .... ....
.. ..
....
.. .. .... ..
.. .... .. ....
.. .... .... ....
.. .... .... ...
.. .. .. ..

0'15

0'25

1'68

"
"

..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
....
..
..
....
..
..

..

.. ....
..
.... ....
.. ..
..
.... ..
.... ..
..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ....
.... ..
.. ..
.
.. ..
..
.. ...

..
..

0'024 0018

....
..
....
.....
..
..
..

.... ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
..
.. ....
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.... ..
.. ....
.. ..
.. ..

..
....
......
..
..
....
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

064

Tensi'e

NI

..
..

0'11

..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
"

..
..
..
..
..

... .....

..

..
..
...

..
..
..
....
..

Cr

..

0'26

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
....
.....
..
..
....
..
..
....
..
....

Senion
Size
diL

Heat
Treatment

(in. )

..

...
.....
...
..
..
..
..
..

0'414

...
..
...
f
....
'

"

..
..

....
...
..

....
......
...
....
..

OQ.870 lhr
.. T. 100 1hr AC
.. T.1OO 2hr AC
.. T.340 2hr AC
.. T.400 2hr AC
.. T.500 2hr AC
.. T.5502hr AC
.. T.5752hr AC
.. T.600 2hr AC
.. T.625 2hr AC
.. T.650 2hr AC
.. T.6752hr AC
WQ.8701hr
.. T.1OO1hr AC
.. T.400 1hr AC
.. T.500 2hr AC
.. T.550 1hr AC
.. T.575 1hr AC
.. T.600 1hr AC
.. T.625 2hr AC
.. T.650 1hr AC
.. T.675 2hr AC
WQ.870 lhr
.. T.2oo 2hr AC
.. T.400 2hr AC
.. T.500 2hr AC
.. T.550 2hr AC
.. T.575 2hr AC
.. T.600 1hr AC
.. T.625 1hr AC
.,
.. T.650 2hr AC
.. T.675 2hr AC

..

.....
....

..
..
..
..

.....
....
..

..

T.5.
05%
0'05% 0'1% 0'2%
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
(Rm )
(0'05Rp> (O'IR p) (0'2R p ) (0'5R p )
Tons/sq.ln.
27'4
18'9
17'0
34'0
32'4
35-5
369
37'9
37'1
36'1

46'6
581
59'0
54'6

48'2
60'2
64'4
60'1
57'0
54'3

30'4
323
30'1
357
345
36'9
37'5
38'2
37'3
36'2

544
62'5
630
59'2
548

564
64'0
64'7
60'4
57'4

34'0
35'7
n'4
37'7
37'6
38'7
38'3
38'8
375
36'3

630
670
597
55'0

647
69'7
",0
613
578

38'1
401
378
405
418
40'3
392
395
378
365
33'6
308
744
747
644
606
553
539
516
483
45'2
403
749
n'9

697
620
58'5
54'5
515
47'5
444
37-3

48'1
48'5
47'8
481
49'3
47'1
464
459
446
427
40'8
38'8
863
830
71-7
633
590
574
551
51-6
480
436
866
854
739
649
61'4
58'5
56'6
51'8
48'2
43'5

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

IzocI
fe. lb.

25
24

6H

18
25
15
7
7
n
48
63
94
107
117
119
41
46
12
57

2'"
13
1H
25
25
25
2H
26
27
29
19
17
171

n
nl
13

24
251
30
161
171
17
21
21i
24
24
27
181
30

Ref.

(Z)

"
"
"

64
6H
67

68
69
69
70i
71i
581
601
631
65
64
67
681
701

7'"
SO
57
61i
51
621
651
651
70
71

88
97
105
117
117
25
35
13
71
79
90
93
97
109
114

...
....
....
..
..
3

...

....
......
....
.....
....
....
....
..

~
Q

~::J

,.~

:Z

n
:oc-

~o

-<
0~
c:

::J

....
l!.
VI

:::s

::I

15
..,.,

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Pro<:..s of
Manufacture

Tensile
Section

ASTM
Grain
Size

Heat
Treatment

Size

Si

Mn

NI

Cr

Mo

dia.
(in.)

005% 0'1%
0'2% 0'5%
P.s.
P.5.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p) (O'lR p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

...
..
..
..
..
..
...

B.E.A.

..
..
......

....
...
...

...
..
..
...
..
"
..."

3-5

..
...

...
..
..
...
..
...
..
.....
...
...

....
....
...
..
....

0'15

"

..
....

..
...
...
....
...
....
..
...
..

.
...
.."
."..

0'25

....
"

..
.....
...

168

..
....

"

"
"
"

....
.
....

..
..
....
....

"

"

"
"

"
"

...

..
.
..
"

..
..
"

...
...

"
"

..

0'024

...
.....
.".
"

....
"

"

"
.....
.

...
"

....
..

0'

...
..

"

,-

"
"

"

...
.....
"
..

...

"
"

....

..
..
..

..

..
..

...

..
..
..
....
..
..
..
...

..
"

0'018

..

.,

..
..

"

....

.....
.
..."

0'604

..

..
.
."

"

.."
..

...
"

"

."
"

...
"

....
..
..
..
...

0'11

"

"
"

..
....
......
.
"

...
...
....
.
...
.
...
...

...
..
...
...
...

0'26

..
...

.."
...
...

....
..
"

"
....
....
....
....

.....
..
....
H
......
..
..
..
."
..
..
.."
..
H
...
....
.....
H

...
....
....
.
....
...
...
..

WQ.ffTO lhr
T.2oo2hrAC
T.o4OO 2hr AC
T.5OO2hrAC
T.5502hrAC
T.6002hrAC
T.6252hrAC
T.6502hrAC
T.6752hrAC
"
WQ.ffTO lhr
T.2oo2hrAC
T.0400 2hr AC
T.5OO2hrAC
T.5502hrAC
T.5752hrAC
T.6oo2hrAC
T.6252hrAC
T.6502hrAC
T.6752hrAC
WQ.ffTO lhr
T.2oo2hrAC
"
T.o4OO 2hr AC
T.5002hr AC
T 5502hrAC
T.5752hrAC
T.6oo2hrAC
T.6252hrAC
T.6502hrAC
T.6752hrAC
WQ.ffTO lhr
T.o4OO 2hr AC
T.5002hrAC
T.5502hrAC
T.6002hr AC
T.6252hrAC
T.6502hrAC
T.6752hrAC

..

....
..
..
.
....
....
...

Y.P.
(R s)

T.S.
(R m)

Tons/sq. in.
392
55'5
604
566
515
0488

425
506
55'6
51'9
48'8
0488
470
....2

356
402
45'0
046'4
42'5
....5
472
41-9
38'0

35'6
474
....5
0485
424

048'3
59'0
61'7
57'2
52'5
49'4

56'0
635
604'3
58'1
53'2
496

048'9
54'6
57'5
53'4
50'5
49'8
048'2
....6

35'6
42'3
45'8
49'5
048'1
....0
45'3
47'6
42'7
38'0

0405
503
046'1
49'2
43'0

350
556
601
60'4
554
51'9
50'7
489
....8

502
521
537
50'2
457
046'4
0480
43'1
38'4

45'7
52'4
479
502
43'8

66'9

n'4

68'1
60'1
504'3
50'0
0461
39'5
040'0
604'0
67'3
604'4
57'6
53'6
51-7
49'5
50'1
41'1
35'7
59'2
59'6
58'6
52'5
47'4
048'0
048'4
43-6
39'7
34'4
52'5
58'3
49'8
51'4
....8
43'4
37'5
345

80'0
809
71'6
63'7
58'3
54'3
50'9
45'6
42'8
75'1
75'9
68'5
60'8
57'7
554
534
502
046'8
42'2
73'1
69'2
6044
57'9
53'0
53'3
53'4
048'7
....3
41'7
61-0
62'3
55'6
55'6
49'6
048'5
....3
419

EI
(%)
(A)

16
16
16
20
23
24 i
26
2Si
28
17
15
16
20
21i
23
23i
2H
27
29
16i
16i
17i
21i
21
23
23i
25
27
30
19
18
21i
21i
25
24
25
29

R.A.
(%)

Izod
ft.lb.

50i
51
60i
65i
66
70
71
73
704
57i
50
58
61i
62i
66
68
69i
73
704
51
046i
57
62i
65
68
68i
70i

21
34
10

(Z)

71i
59
59!
62i
604i
67i
69
71
73

73

85
95
103
114
116
11
16
9
37
56
61
90

102
109
115
19
20
6
42
71
84
88
100
111
114
15
6
35
56
95
107
107
119

Ref.

..
....
.....
....
..
....
.
3

::.0
..g
<1l

ii'

'"

So
<1l
l;I:J

::!.
roo

(;;.

::r-

V'l
roo
Cl

:::.

Cl..

a.
Cl

/T1

:::.

'"~

<1l

;;;

....

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(conti nued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process 01
Manu..
facture

ASTM
Grain
Size

Si

..
..
...

0'19

0'16

022

0'17

..

..

0'17
0'17

0'23
025

..

.....
.....

A.O.H.

....
....
...

6-8

..

0'18
0018

024
030

..

..
....

..
..
..
..
....

..
..

0'18

..

......
...

0018

Mn

1-5S
161
"

..
..
....
"

1-67

..

1-62

..

0041

1n

0'57
0'58

..
....
..
..
..
..

....
...
..
..

..

1-50

...
..
..
"

..

003

..
....

..

0'07

..

1-59

1-60
166

Cr

0'69

...
...
.....

00039

1'71
0025

Ni

0'69
0'60

..
..
....

..

......
....
.

Heat

Section

015
0'16

A.O.H.

Tensile

....
..
....

0025

..

..
.....
..
..

0033

..
...
....
..

0034

054
0.....

...
.....
..

0036

..
..
..

053

.....

Mo

0'27
0'04

..
..
..
..
"

027

..

022
0'30
025

.,

..
..

0-05

..

..
..

...

0008

025
023

..
..
....

...
.

031

..
..
..

0028

Siz.e
dia.

Treatment

(in.)

I
2t
3

H
H
3

H
2i

C
OQ.860 T.660
OQ.850 T.600

... ....
..
.... ....

T.650

OQ.8IO T.650

..

..

O'OS% 0'1%
0'2% 0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O'01R p) (O'IR p) (0'2R p) (O'5R p)

Y.P.
(R s )

T.S.
(R m )

EI R.A.
(%) (%l
(A) (Z)

bod
It. lb.

Tons/sq.in.
390
35'3
350
)4,5
350
345
33'6
36'0

45'5
+4-5
+f0
43'5
43'3
428
423
46'0

28
27
27
27i
28
28
28
27

67

68

109
98
98
98
104
104
104
95

33'2
)4'8
350
370
36'2

41'5
42'3
42'0
+f'4
432

18 hex OQ.880 T.660

OQ.875 T.640
t
(e) OQ.875 T.640

35'0
43'9
37'5
373
33'6
)4,7
31'7
32'9
31-3
35-0

.....0
49'2
.....7
+f'5
42'0
42'7
39'8
40'4
40'6
42"

27
28t
31
33
33
33
36 t
34+
34
26

27'7
327
51'6
49'1
360
40'2

37'0
42'7
63'9
60'1
450
453

31
29
19
19
28
29

64
59
63
66

73
73

85
41
16
13
94
109

38'4

635

19

31

"(0)

I t (C)
"(0)

2 (C)
"(M)
"(0)

11

l'..
..
..

..

..
.... ....
... ...
..

00.875 T.640

00.850 T.640
FC.875
N.875
OQ.875 T.250
T.400
T.650
WQ.875 T.650
AC.900 4hr 00.870
WQ.760

....

3
6

....
.....

--

4
OQ.850 T.660
3
1'4 hex 00.880 T.660
4
00.870 T.650
00.900 T.640
4f

l'

ReI.

28
2Si
30
22t
23

66
61

66t
71
73

73
73

73

75
73
73

95
108
107
86
70

107
112
119
119
116
115
116
120
117
116

7
6
3

...

--3
5

..
..
..

...
....

...tp
::J
/11

n
:ot/11

i::}
::J

c:

..

..
...

..
~

-w
~

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

I~

0-

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Procs of
Manu
facture

Tensile
Section
Size

ASTM
Grain
Size

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Heat

Treatment

dia.
(in.)

0'05% 0'1% 0'2%

0'5%
P.S.
P.5.
P.5.
P.S.
(0'05R p) (0'1Rp) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

C
A.O.H.

0'18

..

.,

..
...

0'18

0'25

.
..

019

....,

A.O.H.

.
..

.,

..

,.

...
.....
...
.,

...

3-5

020

..
...

....
..

..
...
...

..
..
...

....

......
..
.
....

....
...

....
....

...
..
...

1-38

.
...

0034

.
...

..
..

..
....

0'20
020

.
...

0025

1'68

020

2-3

150

..
..

0'27

....
....
..
....
....
....
..
......
..

...
..
.

1'68

..
..
....

......
....
..

..
....

0....

006

0'21

..

..
.....
....
,
....
...
....
..
...

....
...
..
...
...
....
..
...
..
.

..
..

0'21

,.

0'017

028

00$

0'<40

0'020

..

045

1'67

1'58
1'65

0'53

0'55
056

.....
...
....

0'60

...
.....
....

...
...

0'05

...
.,

....
..

0'30

1i

..

5x3!
4 sq.

4
3!-"X 11

2t

0'19
0'17

3sq.
1

009

0'26

042<4"

....
....
....
...
..

T.5.
(R m )

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

(Z)

Izod
It. lb.

Ref.

Tons/sq. in.

AC.900 4hr OQ.870

WQ.HO
AC.900 4hr OQ.870
WQ.760
OQ.870 T.660 OQ

H'8

532

22

35

OQ.850 T.630

311
316
320
338

574
<40'0
<400
41'4

23
2Bi
28
30

39
6<4
68
70

OQ.850 T.655

35'6

43'0

26

. ..

..

lOS
115
loa

...
1

-2

0'06
005

....
....
..
....
....
...
...
..
..

Y.P.
(Rs )

...
.....
...
..
t
...
..
..
.
li
..

.....

....
.....
......
...
....
...
....

..

---

OQ.850 T.660
T.650
T.660
T.650
OQ.8S0 T.650
AC.950 T.650
AC.870 lhr
T.2002hrAC
T.4002hrAC
T.5002hrAC
T.5502hr AC
T.5752hrAC
T.6002hrAC
T.6252hrAC
T.6502hrAC
T.6752hrAC
AC.870 lhr
T.2002hrAC
T.5002hrAC
T.5502hrAC
T.5752hrAC
T.6002hrAC
T.6252hrAC
T.6502hrAC
T.6752hrAC
AC.870 lhr
T.2002hrAC

103

328
353
334
356
H'2
33'5
28'1
299
355
38'4
389
384
367
34'6
33'9
329
26'5
288
377
37'8
36'3
370
36'3
32'0
26'4
25'5
28'4

325
34'1
37'5
40'4
<40...
39'7
37'"
35'5

36'9
38'4
41'3
"2'3
420
..1-3
37'8
36'3
H'2

307
32'1
394
39'0
37'3
37'8
36'8
32'2
27'0
29'5
318

355
363
41-3
<40'2
383
38'5
37'0
324
276
338
357

42'6
437
46'2
....6
....0
....0
38'9
379
350
338
..2'0

. ,...

....2
42'1
<404
39'8
37'6
326
285
39'7
<40'7

420
425
414
420
428
43'2

27
24
28
26i
28
28

58'5
58'3
55.3
530
51'5
505
-484
46'8
....0
42'4
58..
57'3
53'1
51'2
498
-48'9
47'0
43'2
42'6
57'4
569

22

24
20
24
24
25
27
26i
28
30
22
23
24
23i
23!
24
25
29
30
2"
23i

68
66

4st
4Bi
57
5n
59
61
62+
62+
65
66
..2
..7
5H
57
5n
58i
57!
62 !
59
39
46

106
98
115
110
110
9
12
4
23
31
37
6<4
96

86
10
11
25
50
73
78
81
85
90

9
12

....

6
1

..

....
....
......
..
..
....
..
.....
3

....

..

.g

0>

a~

o
-..

SO>

.,

OJ

;:;
<;j'

::r

V\

S'
~

a.

I'T1
~

'"
n:-

O>

c;;-

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Proc_ of
Manu

facture

....
..
..

A.O.H.

..

.,.

..
..
..
..
..

..

..
..
....

..
..

...
..
..
,

..

....
...

..

Tensile

A5TM

Grain
Size

..
....
..
..
..

3-5

...
..

..
..

....

..
..
..

....

..
..
..
..

....
..

..

..
....
..
..
..
..

..

020

..
....
..
..

.,

..

....
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
....

..
....
....
.....

51

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
....

0'27

..

....
.....
...
..

Mn

.
..

1-68

..
..
..
..
.....
..
..

...

....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
....

...
..
...

..
......
..
..

0'020

..
..
..

..
..

..

....
..
..
..
.....
....

..

...

..
.....

....

0'017

..

....

..
....
...
....
..
..

....
..
...
..
.
..
.
....
..

....

Ni

..

0'60

.
..
.....

....
..
..

...
......
.
..
....

....
....
..

..
...

....
...
..

Cr

..

0'09

....
...

...
...
...
..
.
..

...
..
...
.,

..

..

Mo

..
....

0'26

......
...
.
..

....
..
..

....
.
..
.....
....
..
....

..

.....
...
.

Heat
Treatment

Section
5ize
dia.
(in.)

..
..

1i

.....
,
....
...

.....
....
..

..
....
....
...

......
....

0'..24

..

0'05% 0'1%
0'2%
0'5%
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
(0'05R p) (O'lR p) (0'2R p ) (0'5R p )

.....

AC.870 lhr
T.5002hrAC
T.5502hr AC
T.6002hr AC
T.6252hrAC
T.6502hrAC
T.6752hrAC

Y.P.
(R s )

T.5.
(R m )

EI

(%)
(A)

(Z)

R.A.
(%)

bod
ft. lb.

Tons/sq.in.

35'3
354
355
H'"
30'3
27'3

37'3
36'8
36'3
35'0
30'6
280

39'7
38'3
37'0
35..
30'8
28'5

..2'8
-40'5
38'5
36'5
31'3
29'5

52'2
500
-480
-46'1
..2'3
42'1

22
2H
26
27
2Si
29

55
57
60
61t
63
61

27
38
85
88
94
87

..
...
..
....
..
..
..

247
29'0
31'"
35'6
35'0
3..0
368
334
31'9
28'8

278
31-7
363
37'2
36'1
35'6
37'2
33'9
320
28'9

319
35'2
379
39'0
37'3
37'"
37'8
H7
32'2
28'9

37'1
39'5
42'7
..1-6
39'3
-402
388
35'9
33'6
30'3

5-4'6
55'1
52'1
50'3
-48'3
-481
-468
....5

..5
-46
57
sat
5H
59
60t
63
66
66

9
11

395

21
28
26
28t
25
25
25
26i
27 t
32

250
29'7
339
36'0
HO
349
368
32'2

328
35'3
-401
39'5
38'0
37..
37'6
H'l

26'9

28'7
32'5
36'6
377
36'5
363
57'3
33'3
319
280

38'2
399
....7
..2'6
-40'5
39'2
387
35'5
32'3
290

55'1
56'1
53'9
518
50'0
491
"7'6
..57
..2'0
-402

lSi
22t
20
22t
24
25
2Si
25
29
29

3H
-46
5-4
56 t
57t
58
61t
62i
66
66

H'1
39'7
58'8
70..
695
63'1
58'1
566

-46 ...
..95
66'3
n-8
707
63..
58'4
56'8

59'7
607
73'5

76'0
76'1
835
8-42

966
96..
950
91'2
BO8
69'5
6-4'3
604

16
16
16
15
16
21t
22t
2..

.f1

..

..

AC.870 lhr
T.2002hr AC
T.4002hrAC
T.5002hrAC
T.5502hrAC
T.5752hrAC
T.6002hr AC
T.625 2hr AC
T.6S02hrAC
T.6752hrAC

.
..

AC.870 lhr
T.2002hr AC
T.4002hrAC
T.5002hrAC
T.5S02hrAC
T.S752hrAC
T.6002hr AC
T.6252hr AC
T.6S02hrAC
T.6752hrAC

....
...
......

..
.....
....

OQ.870 lhr
T.l002hr AC
T.2002hrAC
T.3002hrAC
T.4002hr AC
T.SOO2hrAC
T.5502hrAC
T.5752hrAC

Ref.

28'4

n'2

73'3
6-47
59'1
57'5

n7

66'1
601
58'0

..1-5

-46t
-48t
56
55
53
sa
58 t

27
..7
..5
91

80

96
104
11

12
6
26
38
68
89
83
101
112

..
..

.
..
......
..
.....
......
...
....
....
....
..
..

~.

~
~
~

VI

~
~

f
o

0-

~
~

c:

...

~
~

!to

..

15
15
22

..

7
28
31
55

-w

-w
:::I

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)

Proceu 01
Hanufacture

A.O.H.

...

....
...
..
...
...

..
......
.
..
.

...
....
..
...

....

ASTH
Grain
Size

3-5

...
..
....
....
...
....
...
..
.....
....
....
.
..

..
..

..
...
..

Chemical Composition (%)

I
C

...
...
....
....
...

0'20

..
..
..
.....
.....
...
..
..
...
...

$1

0'27

....
....

...
..
..
....
...
..
..
..

....
..
.

Hn

1-68

...
.
..
....
...
...
..
..

.
..
..
..
...

..
....

....

....

.....
..

0020

...
..
...
..
..
...
...

....
...

...
...
..
.
..
....
..
..
....

0017

...
.

.
..
..
..
..
..

..
....
.

..
....
.....
..
...
...

..
...
...
.

Ni

0'60

...
..

...
.
..
...
...
...
.

..
..
..
.....
...

.....
..
....
..
..

Tensile

Cr

0'09

...
.
.....
..
...
.....

...
..

...

..
...

.
...
..

..
..

..

...
....
..

Ho

0'26

....

.
.
..
....
....
.....
..
..
..
....
....
..
..

,.

..
.
...
....

Section
Size
dia.
(in.)

0'42'1

....
..
..
...

....
...
....
.
....
..
..

Heat
Treatment
DC
OQ.870 lhr
T.6002hrAC
T.6252hrAC
T.6502hr AC
T.6752hrAC

....
..
...

OQ.8701hr
T.l002hrAC
T.2002hrAC
T.3002hrAC
T.4002hrAC
T.5002hr AC
T.5S02hrAC
T.5752hrAC
T.600 2hrAC
T.6252hrAC
T.6502hrAC
T6752hrAC

..
..
.....

..
....
..
..
..
..
..

...
..
..
...

OQ.870 lhr
T.l002hrAC
T.2002hrAC
T.3002hrAC
T.4002hrAC
T.5002hrAC
T.5502hrAC
T.5752hrAC
T.6002hrAC
T.6252hrAC
T.6502hrAC
T.6752hrAC

.
..
....
..

OQ.870 lhr
T.l002hrAC
T.2002hrAC
T.3002hrAC
T.4002hrAC
T.5002hrAC

0'05% 0'1%
0'2%
0'5%
P.S.
P.~.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05Rp ) (0'1R p) (0'2Rp ) (0'5R p)

..
..
....

....

..
.

Y.P.
(Rs )

T.S.
(R m )

EI
R.A.
(%) (%)
(A) (Z)

h:od

ILlb.

Ref.

Tons/sq. in.

$40

48'1
46'6
56'7
68'2
69'7
62'4
58'2
56'2
54'8

563
$45
62'8

65'2
63'7
70'5
77'0
74'5
64'2
59'4
56'8
55'1

no

71-9
631
587
564
$49

$42
50'4
43'0
402

589
56'1
493
46'7

2st
2st
2st
29

601
66
6H
68

67
78
59
79

....

7"5
77'2
79'9
83'9
78'4
660
604
573
55'4
50'5
406
32'5

96'0
939
925
902
819
69'2
645
618
597
559
48'0
462

16
20
14
14!
14
20
13
22
23t
25
28
31t

42
5H
47
48
52
sst
"""t
58
61t
64

15
15
20
4
7
33
33
59
70
85

...
.....
..
.

36

93

86'1
846
808
813
735
653
61-4
589
57'1
52'8
46'0
""",8

14
14
14!
14

1"'*
19
21
20
22t
2H
30
29

61-6
61-7
62'5
626
596
556

1st
1st
1st
18
19
20 t

32'3

325

32'5

417
42'7
47'5
$4'2
$47
549
525
499
493
45'5

494
49-7
539
60'4
593
569
538
510
500
457

58'6
58'1
61'0
66'8
63'5
589
55'9
52'3
50'8
460

707
695
698
74'1
686
607
56'2
53'4
51'5
46'3
376
336
49'2
50'9
52'7
53'8
51-9
475

290
300
324
363
39'6
417

355
358
384
408
427
43'4

41'7
421
""",3
46'8
469
484

631

43
42
4st
51
sot
57
57
59
61t
6st
68
64t

9
11
12
4
6
30
45
63
77

51

9
10
10
4
6
26

SlY
53
57
5H
59

66

99

..
..

..
..
..
....
....
....
....
..
...

..
.....

.g

'b

III

...
Cl

::rIII

.,

;;;

::r~

::s

a.

rn

::s

...'"

:t

i:>

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Tenlile

Chemical Composition (%)

Proc_of
Manu
fKture

ASTM
Gnin
Size

Section

Heat
Tr.atment

Size

51

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

dia.
(in.)

..

.....
..
..

.
...
..
.....
..
..
..

..

..
...
....
..
..
..
..
....

3-5

....
.....
.
.....
..
...
6

....
.
...
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
,.

020

..

..

.....
..

..
..
..

..
..

..
..
..

..

027

....
..
....

..

..
..

..
..
..
..

..

....
..

....
..

1068

..

..
..

....
..
..
..
...
...
"

..
..

......
..
....
.....

..
..
..
..

..
....
....

.....

..

..

....
...
..
..

..
..

..
..
...

..
..

..
..
..
..
..

..

..

..
..

....

..
..
....

..
....
..

060

O'SO

1'66

.
....

..
..

0017

....
..

0'20

..
..
.
..

..
....
..

0'020

..
..

..
..

....
..

..
..
..
..

..

....
..
..

..

..
..

009

0'26

..
..

....
...

.....

....
.....
....

.....
....

...
......

....
.
..
....

..

022

..
...
..
..
....
..

.
....

..
..

..

......
..

.
.
..
......
3

..

..

....
....
..
....

Ii

..
....

3Iq.(C)
"(0)

41q (C)
"(0)
.. (C)
.. (0)

..

OQ.8701hr
T.5502hrAC
T.575 2hr AC
T.6OO2hr AC
T.625 2hrAC
T.6S02hr AC
T.6752hrAC

..

..
..
..

....
..
....

OQ.870 1hr
T.1002hr AC
T.2002hrAC
T.3002hrAC
T.4002hrAC
T.5002hr AC
T.550 2hr AC
T.575 2hr AC
T.6OO2hr AC
T.625 2hr AC
T.6502hrAC
T.675 2hr AC

.,

...
..
.

..
..
..

AC.890 T.6OO
T.6SO
OQ.840 T.6OO
T.6SO
T.6SO

2H
24
29

47'8
46'4
47'7
5H
513
47'1
45'4
407
40'3
379
32'7
31-5

61'9
58'3
600
611
597
565
532
49'1
49"
470
423
41'2

Ref.

42'4
40'4
396
38'1

43,'
41'2
40'3
382

439
421
410
385

29
29

62 t
6H
6H
66
69
70 t

+4
59
56
64
100
99

..3
..
..
..
..

30'6

31-3

319

29'7
29-8
302
35-4
37'4
40'7
41'1
39'0
39'1
37'4

34'9
348
351
39'6
41-2
42'4
423
39'6
397
375
32'6

408
39-9
40'6
+47
457
+4'4
43-5
40'1
39'9

20
21
19
19
17 t
23
23
23
25
25
30
30

+4
5H
5H
57
5H
59
60
63
6H
64t
6H
69t

15
14
14
6
5
26
32
45
76
77
102
10a

27

26
27
23t
2st
27t

68
66
68
70
70

118

..

36'3
35'1
40'3
382
35'1
348

45'6
42'3
48'7
454
42'6
+4'6

2st
29
2H
2st
2st
57

66
68
66
70
26
66

93
110
97
111
95
91

..
..

35-6
36'0
327
339

458
452
41'2
41-2

22t
25
30
29t

55
57
68
70

83
90
10a
103

AC.890 T.6OO

..
I ..

53'2
SO'8
492
469
42'8
41'7

Izod
It.lb.

(Z)

+48
45'2
49'7
49'9
45'4

..

..

45'4
43'3
42'2
389
35'7
320

R.A.
(%)

34'8
369
43'5
42'8
36'4

AC.890 T.6OO
T.650
OQ.890 T.6OO
T.650
AC.890 T.6OO

EI
(%)
(A)

Y.P.
(R I )

Toni/sq. in.

'C
AO.H

T.S.
(Rm )

005% 0'1%
0'2%
0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05Rp) (O'lR p) (0'2R p) (O'SR p)

T.6SO

91
89
97
96

..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..

::J

::J

:z:
t'\

~
~

~
0-

gc:
3

--

V\

!!..

..
..
....

..
..
....

..
..
..
..

~
-.0

::s

m
::::I

N
-.
o

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

PrOCMS of
Manufacture

A5TM
Grain
Size

5i

Mn

Nt

Cr

Mo

5ectlon
Size
die.
(in.)

Heac
Treatment
C

..

...
...
....
..
...
...

0'50

1'66

..
..

..
..
....

..

.....
..

..
....

0'20

0'22

.
......
...
...
.....

..
..
..
ft

...
...
..

..
.

......

.... ..
. ..
.. ....
.. .
.. ..
... .
. ..

4 eq. (C)

OQ.890 T.600

.. (0)
.. (C)
.. (0)

T.650

6 .q. (C)
.. (M)
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

(0)
(C)
(0)
(C)
(M)
(0)
(C)

.. (0)

AC.890 T.600

T.650

OQ.89O T.600

T.650

0'05% 0-1% 02%

0'5%
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
(0'05R p ) (0'1R p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

Y.P.
(R.)

T.5.
(R m)

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

(z)

Izod
It.lb.

Ref.

Tons/sq.ln.
41'8
39'8
380
36'0

500
474
45'2
440

20t
24
26t
26t

50
64

70

34'0
33'6
341
19'2
31'0
36'0
40'6
38'9
33'6
347

416
43'6
42'4
390
398
438
466
456
415
41'8

2st
nt
26t
30
29
ni
23
2H
27 i
28

59
57
64
64
68
57
59
62
68
68

84
89
106
107
91
94
99

111
110
98
95
96
114
116

.....
...
1

..
.

......
..

-A.O.H.

7-8

0-21

0'30

1'73

0'038

0'032

0'43

007

0'28

B.E.A.

7-8

021
0-21
0'21
0'21

0'19

1-57
1-50
144
1-60

0'020

0'014

0-037

0'037

0'66
0'62
0'45
0'81

0'09
0'19
0'11

026
020
0'16
0'26

B.E.A.

6-7

024
0-23

on

0'21

on

0'25

..

1-58

0-025

0'014

161

025

1-53

0'015

Oon

..

..

6x5i

l!-

6
6t

0'66

0'09

0'27

0'40

027

0'31

2i

0'45

on

21

AC.900 OQ.876
T.650

. ..

OQ.89O T.650
OQ.865 T.650 i hr
OQ.870 T.660
T.650

..

AC.900 OQ.875
T.650
OQ.850 T.650

H&T

.f22
37'8
37'5
37'0
37'5
384

39'0
34'6

44'0

495
450
44'9
455
44'6
452

470
42'8

524

24
2H
23
28i
23i
23i

6H
71i

2H
27i

69i

23

70

63
63

80
91
84
102
96
89

5
6
8
3

-85
109

-97

.g"
til

::t

ii'
~

So
til

.,
'";:;-.

(;;
:;,-

VI
~

.,~

Q.

I"T1

*
til

;;;-

En 13
211

Manganese-Nickel-Molybdenum Steel
EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

--------

70
RIUlion

of arlCl

--

be

Tensil. sl,enqth,

,.' dia bars Oil Quenched from 870

cr

(Ref. 3.)-:'
2
0
... 20

Chlmlcal Composition (%)

C

Si

Mn

Ni

C.

Mo

015

0,25

1-68

0024

0'018

0'64

0,11

0'26

'-/
o

100

200

300

TemperiH~

k(

1/

400
temDoroture

"'"

\ L-./

Izod,

lV

100

'"

./

Elon'l'llion

""

40

20

bOO

500

80

700

Fig. 13.9

qO

Tcnsil& s'renqth

"'"~

80

70

bO

A..due .on of area

1.' dia bars Water Quenched from 870 0 e

l>
/

..

'do 40

lO

l---

E'OnqarOn

100

200

'"

300

Tcmpczrinq

"-

400

tlmperatur.oC

Fi. 13.10

~
V

/""
/

~
02

~
20

/
"'-

100

~2o

500

En 13
212

Properties of the British Standard En steels

EFFECT OF MASS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

011 Quenched 870C Tempered at 550C

(Ref. 3)
120

\00

::!

"-

eo

.;

E
c

1
.Ii

-Jt

be

............

Hn

NI

0'15

0'15

1'68

0'024

0'018

0'64

.........

40

Tonlilo .'I.....alh .

20

Eion ialian.

,i..

Sociion

Chemical Composition (%l

51

Ileduclion of aroa

r---

"

i.

Fie. 13.11

Cr

Ho

0011

0'26

Oil Quenched 870 0 e Tempered at 600 0 e

120

100

::
tc

.5

-'j*

Izad

10

----

100

40

Teil. .Ift.alh.

..-

20

01 area.

Rewclion

EIon...lil

Socliln

sin

Fie. 13.12

i.,.

(Ref. 3)

En 13
Manganese-Nleke/-Molybdenum~Steel

213

EFFECT OF MASS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)

Oil Quenched 870C Tempered at 650C

(Ref. 3)
120

'-

Izod

80

--

bO

40

Reduction

of

area.

Tonsro .lronqth.

Elon'qotion.

20

Section

,it.

ins.

FiC. 13.13.

Water Quenched 870C Tempered at S60"C

(Ref. 3)
120

100

~od

80

.......

--

~ t---.......
~

ReOxlion 0 f or.o

"'-J.
I

Tlnsile

.'rlnqrh.

40
.5

.t
j

20

'T~
o

.Iion

sill

Flc. 13.14

in

En 13
214

Properties

of the 8rltlsh Standard E.n steels

EFFECT OF MASS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Water Quenched 810C Tempered at 600C
(Ref. 3)

120

100

1loci

ao

...

-'

t
.i..

flO

.e

40

l!

20

of aM.

Tensile It...,.th.

,f!-

IIecllctien

EIcn'lOtlan.

S.ction si. N.
Fic. 13.15

Water Quenched 870C Tempered at 650C

(Ref. 3)
120

IIOd

100

:e
0;

8-

S!
c
!:

80

--

bO

CL

40
.~

.Jt
l!

,f!-

""'CliOll of aru

"T....il.

E.....tJ..

20

1'' ' ' Ith

Stelian

FI,. 13."

sin

iN.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURE

Chemical Com_ition (%)

ASTH
Grain

Size
McQuaid
Ehn

4-2
with 1

....

0018

Si

Mn

..
..

..
..

....

1-78

0'23

Ni

..

0'Ol6

Tensile

0'67

..

Ho

Cr

..
..

0028

Section
Size
dia.

..

0'09

..

..
..

0028

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

'C

...

OQ.870 T660

....

Test
Temp.

005%
P.S.
(O'05R p )

0'1%
P.S.
(O'lR p)

R.T.
- 76
-196

T.S.
(Rm )

(Ra)

Tonl/lq. In.

"C

..
..

Y.P.

0'2%
P.S.
(0'2R p)

64

64'3

39'1
40'8
63'4

648

467
SO 1
66'3

1
('Y.,)
(A)

4t'A

SO

2H
33'0
5

20 t
26 t
S

R.....
(%)

Ref.

7"
68
10

(Z)

..
..

(Ref. 3)

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

ISO

3:;

Chemical Compolition (%)

C

Si

Hn

0'18

0'23

1-78

0036 0-028

Ni

Cr

Ho

0'67

0'09

028

McQuaid Ehn grain size 4-2 With 1 (ASTM)

As Treated grain size 0002
H' dia bars Oil Quenched from 8700C Tempered at
660C
(See Mechanical Properties at Low Temperature for
tensile test results.)

::I

l~

Chorpy

'V'

~
::I

ookh.

!!..

Fibroul

-<
tr

frOC'tur~.

:}
::I

c::

!!..

i
!.so

-200

V
,/
LJ

-100

re"olure

Fir_ 13.17

.'00

N
.....

V1

-w

En 13
216

Properties of the British Standard E.n steels

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA
(continued)

Chemical Composition (%)

(Nominal)
C

Mn

Ni

Mo

0'18

160

060

0'25

Tensile at R.T.
Bar Size
dia.
(in.)

Curve

,...
..
..

A
B
C
0
E

Heat
Treatment

Y.P.

EI

T.S.

Tons/sq. in.

WQ870 T600
n50
OQ870 nOD
n50
NB70 n50

50
"2,5
"2,0
370
32'0

..

(%~
(A
25
2H
26t
29
30

504'0
""5
"7,5

,,3-5
'!D5

R.A.
(%)
(Z)

69
73
70
71
71

(Ref. 3)
ISO

-- ---

Charpy 'v' notch.

Fibrous f raet uri

---

... - '"-..r---I

100

01'

'"

..i--

;L:' {___

'"

:;

I .

aCo
~

E'I

~'

Z!

50

50

.
.

<7'

2
c

I!

.r
....
0

150

100

50

remperature of test
FiC. 13.18

"c.

50

100

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

Chemic,1 Composition (%)
Proce.. ASTH
of Hanu- Grain
facture
Size

....
....
..
..

A.O.H.

..
..
...
..

015

51

..
..
..
..
....

0'19

Hn

..
..

1-61

..

..
..

..

....
......
..

0040

..
..
..
..
..
..

0'035

Ni

....

0'60

....
..
..

Tensile

Cr

....
...

003

...

Ho

....
..
..

0'24

..

Section
Size
dia.

Heat Treatment

Test
Temp

(in.)

C.

..
...
...
..

20
300
350
400
450
500
550

,...
..

..
....
..

AC.850 T. 650 AC

LP.

05%
0'05%
0'1%
0'2%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p ) (0'1R p ) (0'2R p ) (0'5R p )

Y.P.
(Rs )

T.5.
(R m)

Tons/sq.in.
303
26'0
240
230
21'6
20'0
17'2

31-9
274
25'9
249
240
23'2
204

31'9
28'5
278
262
26'1
254
229
Lo,dinc ra'e I Ton/sq.in. min.

40'1
425
43'0
39'4
36'5
33'8
270

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

4VA

50

30
25
27
25
23
24
27

(Z)

71*
58 *
57 *
60*
62
65

n*

Ref.

..

10

..
..
..
..

..

--A.O.H.

..
..
..
..

..
....

..

---

....

A.O.H.

..

..
....
..
..
..
....
..

::s

~
015

..

0'28

... ......
..... ......
.... ....
.. ..

..
..
..
....
....

0'16

..
..

0'18

1'50

..
..
..
..

....
..
....
..
....

1-61

. ..
..

..
...

......

...
.... ..
..
.. ....

..
..

..
..

...
....

0018

..
..
..
...

.
...
..

...

0033

..
....
..
....
...
..
..
..

0034

..
..

..
..

...
......
..
..
..

0'035

..
....
..

....

....
..
.

0'59

..
..
..

..

..
..
..

..
..

..
..
..
..
..

068

..
..
..
..
..
..

....

005

0'30

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
....
....
..
..
..

.....

.
..

009

....
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..

..

..
....
......
..
..
..
....

0'29

...

4t

..
..
....

slab

..
..
..
..
..

,...
..
..
....
..
....
..

....

..

::s

..
..
..
...
..
..

As RolI.d
AC.900T.6501hr FC

Ann.4hro 650 FC

R.T.
365
R.T,
250
300
365
400
450
R.T.
365

210
190
299
28'0
27'3
25-9
259
253
265
21-6

10'5
75
25'9
22'6
20'4
167
15'6
145
250
160

249
223
306
293
291
276
276
27'2
272
23'0
LoadinC

277
27'8
31'8
31-8
31'4
30'1
30'1
294
277
25'0
ra,e I Ton/sq.in.

409
432
408
405
41'2
41'0
409
38'2
37'2
38'1
min

34
28
26+
22
19
30
25
25
37 *
29t

61
60*
67 *
56
55
58 *
59
60
67 *
5H

..
....
..
..
..
..
..
2

::z
;:;~

~
:}
::s

c:

VI

..
....
....

OQ.850 T.570

..

..
..
.
....
..

OQ.85O T.600

20
300
350
400
450
500
550
20
300
350
400
450
500
550

400
374
359
3049
34'3
310
252
38'1
35'1
352

33'8
31'3
29'0
26'5
243
21'1
173
37'6
33-8
27'0

40'0
304'8
33'2
31-2
303
267
213
38'1
342
31-7

240
230
194

284
31'6
27'4
303
212
24'2
L.oadinc rate 1 Ton/sq.in. min.

48'S
501
495
459
426
378
31'0
455
48'2
48'5
444
404
369
30'1

2st
19t
25
23
21
22
26
25
21
25
24
24
24
27

67 *
48*
61t
64*
64t
74*
81 t
71*
53t
57
64
66*
75
83

..
..
,.

!!..

10

..

..
....

t-I

......

:s

::1

...

IV
CD

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Tenlne

Chemical Compooition (%)

Procaa
of
Manufacture

ASTM
Grain
Size

...
.
..

..
....
..'.

016

A.O.H.

....

---

4-2
with 1

...

Si

Mn

.....
...
..

.. ...
... ..... ....
.. . .
.. .. ...
....

0'18

0'033 0'035

161

NI

....
..
..
...

0'68

Cr

......

0'09

..
..

Mo

.....
...
..

0'29

Section
Size
dia.

Treatment

Heat

Teat
Temp

(in.)

,..
...
..
..
..

,.
.... .... ... .. .. .... .... .... ...

0'18

023

1'78

0036 0028

067

009

028

...
...

OQ.B50 T.690

..
..

....

OQ.B70 T.660

20
300
350
400
450
500
550

II.T.
+300
+600

L.P.

0'05% 0'1% 0-2%

0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05Rp> (O'IR p) (0'2I1 p) (0'5Rp) I

Y.P.
(RI )

E
(%)
( A)

T.5.
(Rm)

Tonl/lq.in.
19.9
190
179
17'0
158
140
11-6

29
29
4

230
224
230
21'6
294
201
155
Loadln, rate

4YA

24'7
25'5
245
24'4
22'4
21'5
18'3
1 Ton/sq.in. min.

41'3
424
43'8
42'8
]4,4
28'8
245

50

2H
25
3Si32131t
32
34

II.A.
(%)
(Z)

Ref.

66

10

63
69
67i
ni
81
B6

..
...
..
..

-]91

46'7
411-6
22'1

34'8
35'9
37'1
38'9
75
11
13'8
17'2
Loadin, rate 1 Ton/sq.in. min.

27i
19
37i

20i

lSi

27+

71
44+
B7i

...

1
B

ii'

'"

......
Q

....

.,07
M'

e;;'

VI

S
~

gil.
I'T1
~

FATIGUE PROPERTIES

'"~

Procaa of
Manufacture

SI

I1n

Ni

Cr

Mo

Heat
Treetment

0'1% 0'2%
P.S.
P.S.
(0.1 lip) (0.2R p)

0-15
0'16

033
0'19

1-62
1-63

()oM

()O035

069
059

C;;

013
003

0'24
024

OQ BSO T6BO AC
AC.BSO

0'5%
Y.P.
P.S.
(0.5I1 p) (Ils>

T.S.

(11m )

Tonl/lq.in.

OC

A.O.H.

Tensile

Chemical Compooition (%)

114

42'4
33-5

481
49'0

EI

(%)
(A)

17

25

II.A.
(%)

(Z)

Rocatin,
Bendin,
Fati,ue Limit
10' rev
Tonl/sq.in.

68
50

250
247

lI.f.

10

-w

En 13
Manganese-Nlckel-Molybdenum Steel

219

UST OF REFERENCES
1. Private correspondence with The United Steel Companies Limited.
2. Private correspondence with Firth-Brown Limited.
3. Private correspondence With English Steel Corporation Limited.
4. Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of 8.S. En Series Steels. Special Report No. S6 of The Iron and Steel
Institute, 1956.
S. Symposium of The Hardenability of Steel, organised by The Technical Advisory Committee of The Special and Alloy
Steels Committee (Ministry of Supply) and The Iron and Steel Institute. I. S. I. Special Report No. 36, 1946.

7. 8ritish Standard 971. Commentary on 8rlt/sh Standard Wrought Steels En Series. - British Standards Institute
1950.
8. Private correspondence with The Ministry of PoWer, Safety in Mines Research Establishment.
9. Private correspondence with The Round Oak Steel Works Limited.
10. Private correspondence with Edgar Allen & Co., Limited.

En 14

CARBON-MANGANESE STEEL
SPECIFICATION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)
C

En HA
En 14A/l
En 14B

0'15-0'25
0'23 ma"
020-030

5i
0'10-0'35
005-0'35
0'10-0'35

Mn
1'30-1-70
1'20 min(2)
1-30-1-70

5
0060 max
0060 ma"
0'060 ma"

Ni

O.fO max

0060 max
0'060 max
0'060 max

Cr

Cu(l)

0'25 max

0'60 max

0'''0 max

Notes
1. Optional.
2. Manaanese plus residual nicker. chromium and molybdenum shan not e"ceed 2'0 per cent.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Condition

Cold Drawn

Normalized

Hardened and Tempered

Q

En 14A

Ma"imum size (diameter or width acron flats) in.

Limiting ruling section, in.

Tensile strenath, Tonl/sq.in. min (R m)

Yield stress l , Tons/sq.;n. min (R s )
0'2% Proof stress 2 , Tons/sq.in . min (0'2Il p)
Elonaation per cent. min (A)
laod impact, ft-Ib. min
Brinen hardness number 3 (HB)

En.14B

15
15

Maximum size (diameter or width across flats), In.

Tensile strenCth, Tons/sq.in . min (R m)
Yield stress,. Tons'sq.in. min (Rs)
0'2% Proof stress! Tons/sq.in. min (0'2R p)
Eloncation, per cent, min (A)
Izod impact, ft-Ib, min.
Brinen hardness number 3 (HB)

152-207

.fO

28
26
20
30
179-229

45
32
30
20
25
201-255

Hot rolled or Normalized

1 t
35-41
21
18

Limiting ruling section, in.

Limiting rulinc section, in.

20
-

Tensile strenCth Tons/sq.;n (R m)

0'2% Proof Stress!. Tons/sq.in. min
Eloncation. per cent. min. (A)

Condltlon

6
35
21

45

Condition

En HA/l

2t

33-39
19
18

Cold Drawn

Normalized

45

15
15

6
38
23

20

170-223

Notes
1. Not to be used .. acceptance tests e"cept by special arrancement between purchuer and manufacturer.
2. When specifically requeted in the enquiry or order.
3. For information purposes only. Not contractual part of the Ipecification.

Hardened and Tempered

Q

.fO

28
26
20
35
179-229

2t

45
32
30
20
30
201-255

En 14
221

Carbon-Manganese Steel

RELATED SPECIFICATIONS

En. No.
14A

14A/l

8.5.
Air

8.5.

980
1....9
1501/221
1053/221
1506/221

980
1501/221
1503/221
1506/'121

148

D.T.D.

5.92
5.514
3T35
3T<45

503A

Werklto!!
No.

A.I.S.I.

S.A.E.

5.92
5.514
3T35
3T<45

5.92
5.514
3T35
3T45

Germany

America

United Kin.dom

1320

1320

1024

Cl024

1320
1024

1320
C1024

1027

C1027

Name

Sweden
D.I.N.

US.

14.2108

1-5066

30 Mn 5

lnOO

APPLICATIONS
En 14A and 14A/1 are weldable steels of useful strength and Impact resistance for bridges and constructional engineerIng. En 14A and 148 when heat treated are used In preference to carbon steels where greater toughness and reliability
are required., they are used in the cold drawn condition Where a bright finish and close tolerances are desired. En 14A
is used in particular for medium tensile bolts, automobile fulcrum shafts, chain cables, cage suspension and lifting gear.
Particular applications for En 148 are armature shafts and seamless tubes.

WELDING
(See Introduction for key to symbols used In this table)
Weldin. proce..
En No.
MA
14A
14/Al
148

c
c

G
ax

ax
ax

IG
a
a
ex

5
e
e
e

Reproduced by kind permJulon of H.M.S.O.

a
a
b

h
h
h

Remara

MA: preheatln.
I. nec....ry.

En 14
222

Properties of the British Standard En steels

MACHINABILITY
The machinability of this steel Is very similar to that for En 13.

HOT WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURE

1200 Finish above 850"C
860-900oC Furnace cool
840-88O"C Furnace cool
860-900oC Air cool
840-880C Air cool
600-660oC Air cool
860-900C Oil or Water quench
840-880C 011 or Water quench
550-660oC Air cool, Oil or Water quench

Forging, roiling and stamping

Annealing, En HA, HA/1
EnHB
Normalizing, En 14A, HA/1
EnHB
Softening
Hardening, En HA, HA/1
En.HB
Tempering

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (d)
Chemical Composition rio)
C

Si

Mn

0'19
023
019

021
0'11
0'19

1-39
1-59
,...0

0032
0038

0'017
0037

Heat
Treatment

Ni

00-4
0'11

Cr

0'06

Mo

DC

As Rolled

0'03

A.860

Softened

Specific Gravity

HI" <at 100C)

7'85 <at 15DC)
7'86 (at 100C)

Ref.

1
3
1

SPECIFIC HEAT (c)

Chemical Compooition (%)

Mean Specific Heat. Cal'e dec C

Heat Treatment

Si

Mn

Ni

0'19
0'23

0'22
0'12

1'39
1-51

0032
0038

0027
0'037

004

Cr

Mo

'C

MRolled
A.860

006

003

2Oto
l00"C

2Oto
200"C

2Oto
300"C

20to
-400"C

20to
SOO"C

0'118
0'118

0121
0121

0'124
0'126

0131
0131

0'115

2Oto
6OO"C

2Oto
700"C

2Oto
800"C

0146
0'146

0'162

0137
0'138

Ref.

2Oto
2Oto
900"C l000"C

1
3

0'159

0'157

MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION (a)

Chemical Composition (%)

10' " Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion per dec C

5i

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'19
023

0'22
0'12

1'39
1-51

0032
0'038

0027
0037

004

006

Heat Treatment
'C

As Rolled

A.860

0'03

2Oto
l00"C

2Oto
200"C

20to
300"C

2Oto
-400"C

20to
SOO"C

2Oto
600"C

2Oto
700"C

2Oto
800"C

2Oto
900"C

12,)
120

1305
128

13-70
13'8

"',15
"',0

"',55
1....

1..85
1..8

15'10
152

12'1

Ref.

1
3

125

n
Q
t;O

~
Q
~

~
~

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (e)

Chemical Composition (%)

C

5i

M"

NI

0-19
023

0'22
0'12

1-39
1-51

0-032
0-038

0-027
0-037

004

0'29

0-19

He

0-21

..

..

Cr

0-06

Mo

0'03

Heat

Treatment

'C

M Rolled
A.860
WQ.950
50ftened

Electrical Resistivity. microhm em

20'C
235
20'8
2"'5
21-5

l000C 200"C 300"C -400"C 5000C 6OO"C 700"C

27'9
259

3"'8
33'3

..3'5
"2'1

52'8
52'3

630
6<45

800"C

75"
786

""6

110,3

900"C

114'3

l000"C

~f.

117..

1
3

V'l

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (k)

Chemical Composition (%)
C

023
0-29

SI

M"

0-12
0'19

l-Sl
1')

s
0-038
-

NI

0'037
-

0-04
0-21

Cr

Mo

0-06

003

Heat
T..-tmen,

Thermal Conductivity_ Calfcm a dec C

'C

1QOC

l00"C

200"C 300"C

-400"C 500"C 600"C

700"C

800"C 900"C

A.860
50ftened

0'110

0'111
0'087

0-107

0'096

CHl81

0'075

0071

0-103

0089

0064

l000"C
0065

I
I

Ref.

3
:1

I~

,W

m
:::s

En 14
of

Properties

224

the British Standard En steels

YOUNG'S MODULUS (E)

Chemical Composition (%)
C

5i

..

0'21

.
..

..

..
..
...
....
....

0'22

....
...
.

021

0'13

Mn

.
..

..
..
..

0'29

0'19

1070

R.T.
100
150
200
250
300
350

13.500
13,200
13,070
12.800
12.650
12,500
12.250

..
....
....
..

+20
-50
-120
-150
-196
+20
-50
-120
-150
-196

13.350
13.600
13.850
13.950
14.100
13.550
13.750
13.900
14.150
14.350

....

Hardened and tempered to 49 Tons/sq.in.

Tensile strength.

20

13.300

50ftened

20

13.300

Mo

....
..
..

..
...
.

N.860

..
....
..

OQ.860 T.650

..

0034

1-40

Oil hardened and tempered

......
...
...

0046

perature

0016

0'041

024

Cr

0'20

..
..

1'34

Ref.

Young'.
Modulus
Tons/sq.in.

...
....
.

1"61

..
...
..
..

0'28

NI

Test Tem-

Heat Treatment

0'17

0'10

004

021

..
5

..
....
...

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Chemical Composition (%)
C
0'21

5i
0'169

Mn
1-62

5
0040

0'027

Heat
Treatment

Rolled

Magnetic Induction B (gauss for Magnetizing Field of H (oersted)

H= 10

20

40

60

80

100

200

300

400

500

=1 Brem I (oer
He I
Ref.
(gauss) sted)

14,200 10.200 14,400 16,000 16.700 17,200 18.900 20.000 20.700 21,000 18.920

I 6-71

En 14
Carbon-Manganese Steel

225

TRANSFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS
ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION
Chemical Composition (%1
51

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'26

1-67

0030

0033

021

0'12

0'04

0'29

Acid Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 4 (ASTM)
Actual grain size 8 (ASTM)
Bars hot rolled to i ' dia, cold drawn to 11 S.W.G. with intermediate annealing at 600C.
(Ref. 6)
Austenitizing temperature 860C, t hr.

'/00

800

~ -- -

AC 1

700

bOO

,!!

10

~ ...

l..-

I-- ......

v..- I--

(......
\

\ 1\

50 '10

\,

100

r--

--

I-- l- I--

--

I'

::::-:

f-- 1--

"1")
b
.....

-- .- - .-

\.

~ I-I-~ l-

IC r-.......

Transformation

1--1-- 1---

v..-

V- V

\ (\

\
\

!?

!.

I-- I- f-- I-- -

/'

\ II

!
Z

400

500

V"

.u

-- -- -- - - f--

.-

I......

)00

200

100
I

Soc

10

20

10

40 I
Min
Durar ion

of isothermal

Fie. 14.1

20

40 I
Hr

trQ.Qtmant

10

20 1
Dar

En 14
226

Properties

of the 8rltlsh Standard E.n steels

ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
C

SI

Mn

0'14

0'10

1'58

Ni

Cr

Mo

Cu

A,

Co

0'10

014

Oon

0'11

0'040

0'018

0014 0016

Basic Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6-7
Austenltlzlng Temperature 87SoC.

* hr.
(Ref. 7)

Acl

800

Ac,

700

AI

1', ,

- '- .....- t::...;

....

1-

/"

l'

1:

V
I

I ,

V V
II

,,

,!.

.-

F ,1'(
......
\
I

IA.tF (,

1/

.L

/"

,
V ~

U-- -- '"
....
1/

' I

soo II"

. -- - V V, ,

A F

1/

II
1/

- -- ----

...

-~

ty

-~

- ---

l,....- ~

..:

F+ (

r-..

i'.... "'-

l...- L--+(

....

-- - -

--

- -

A+~

100

200

100

o
I

SIC

10

20 40 I

Mi.

10

20

DUIO'ioo 01 i.o'......1 'reo'_

40 I

H,

10 20 I
Doy

En 14
ll7

Carbon-Manganese Steel
CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION
Chemical Composition (%)
C

SI

Mn

NI

Cr

Mo

Cu

,..

Co

0-24

0-20

1-58

0'014

0'016

020

0'24

0'022

0'12

0'040

0018

Basic Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6-7
Austenitizing Temperature 875C i hr.
(Ref. 7)

Sec

10

20 40

Min

FII. 14.3

10

20

40 I

Hr

10 20 I
Do~

En 14
228

Properties of the British Standard En steels

HARDENABILITY
END QUENCH HARDENABILITY
Chemical Composition (%)
C

0'29

51

Mn

NI

Cr

Mo

0'26

1'67

0030

0'033

0'2,

0'12

0'04

Acid Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 4 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 8 (ASTM)

(Ref.6)

00

00

" "'"

00
00
]

00

10

02

" ~

0'4

Ob

08

12

10

Ib

1004

Diltance from q.. nched and

of jominy

'8

20

22

bar (incho~.

FiC , .....
Chemical Composition (%)
C

51

Mn

NI

Cr

0'28

0'2$

1'60

0'029

0'044

0'20

0"5

Acid Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 5-6 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 7-8 (ASTM)
Bars N 900"C End Quenched 870C. Tempered 600C WQ

(Ref. 9)

bOO

500

.o.,

~
::I:

400

I"

'"1\

A. quenchld

""'...............
- ~ t--.

TbOOor

0-8

'-

1'2

I'b

20()

DisWlC41 from quenched end of ber (in.)

FIC'''.s

2 ..

28

En 14
Carbon-Manganese Steel

229

END QUENCH HARDENABILITY BAND

These curves have been constructed from the results obtained on several casts of En 14.
(Ref. 8 & 9)
700

bOO

~500
:I:

400

"E

~ P> t>-...

<:: V/Vj L? ~
'<.

~JOO

200

V/ V; D t7-?
R r0
........
k ~ v: 'l ~ ~ 'l [0V/ l0 V/ V/
Ip

O~

100

10

12

14

III

18

DistancI from quenened

20

22

210

24

2b

2a

Inches
Six 'tonths

32

JO

end of bar

FiC. 14.6

HARDNESS TRAVERSE CURVES

N. 9OO"C OQ.870"C

500

.r;:!:

4~0

3~0

5i

Mn

0'25

1060

0'029

0044

1'0

20

i~.

4o0'r-------,-----...,..----"-:r.7.::--r------,
Ni

Cr

-----------------028

Distonct from c."tr

Chemical Compooition (%)

C

"

jly,'dia

1'0

2'0

(Ref. 9)

j't;dia

0'20

0'15

~ 3~0r_----__+--~r__-+-__,~--I-----__j
:!:
~

Basic Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain slze-S-6 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 7 -8 (ASTM)

:!:

3 00r_-----~""c"----''''''''"--+--7'''''--...""itL-----__j
2 ~02'-.0~-----J1.0L-- - - - - 0 - ' - - - - - - - - - L- - - - - - . . ..Q
10
2
Distonce

from cQntrQ, in

F1,. 17
N.9OO"C OQ.870"C T.6OO"C WQ

350

% 300

l
a

:I:

250
200

---

.fi~ia

~
15

100

oa

V,'dia

.--l Ilofd ia
..- ~
o

05

Distona: from clntre, in.

FI,. 1.'

2 ~ia

'2~'d;a
"
1'0

:s

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)
A5TM

Process of
Manufac-

Grain

cur.

Size

..

A.O.H.

Si

..

023

0'13

0'15

16

Mn

0032

..

0034

..

1'70

1....

0'048

..

0'030

~
o

Tensile

Ni

..

..

0'24

..

0'17

Cr

Mo

Section Size
diL

Heat Treatment

(in.)

q.

004

sq

..

..

R.A.
(%)

35'3
41'0

36i
30

7H
73i

308
38'3

41
32t

74
75

(Z)

Izod

ft.lb.

Ref.

Tons/sq.in.

N.870 T.550
OQ.870 T.630 AC

23'9
32'2

..

10

-N.890
WQ.890T.630i hr

EI
(%)
(A)

0'05% 01% 0'2% 0'5% Y.P. T.5.

P.S.
P.S.
P.5.
P.S. (Rs ) (R )
m
(0'05R p)(0"R p)(0'2R p)(0'5R p)

205
293

106
107

11

-As Rolled

018

0'17

1'51

0036

0'034

0'18

0'05

..

025

..

1'65

..

0055

0'041

0'12

006

..

0'19

240

37'0

32

251
368

379
....7

34
26i

12

--

..

N.880 lhr
WQ.880 T.600

66i
67 i

100
89

..

11

-B.O.H.
B.O.H.

7
7--6

0'20
0'20
0'20

021
0'21
0'21

B.O.H.

..

Fine

0'18
0'16
0'17

0'23
024
023

143
146
1'50

1'41
1'50
1'61

0'045
0'024

0'029
0'039

0'17
0'17

2hq.
3x

0'028
0010

..

0'026
0'019

..

..

0'17

..

1'61
1'60
1'50
154

O'll
O'll
O'll
O'll
()Oll
()Oll
O'll
O'll

0'15
0'21

0034
0'021

0'24
0'30
0'23
0'25

1'39
145
1....
1'58
1'68
1'50
1'37
1-54

0053

0'040

..

0'02

006

()Oll

0'13

1'46

0'040

0'027

0'18

0'03

0'20
0036
0'028

0'023
0'029

024
O'll

i
10
H sq.(L)
(T)
0'564
2t
1n2hq

006

021
0'16
016
0'17

0'21
0'21
0'21
0'21

In

009
0'09

010
0'11

N.880
N.86O
OQ.850 T.56O

246
256
368

356
424
460

35

12
12
8

II

21

-N.850
N.880
N.850

..

OQ & T
WQ.850 T.600
WQ.860 T.600
WQ.86O T.600

238
ll'O
29'7

239
ll'5
32'4

240
230
354

247
25'2

390
38'0
38'4
38'~

310
33'6
348

....5
418
420
....4

34
31
33i
30
26t
26
29
23

66i

13

68
56
117
87
86

2
2
4
8
12
12

-B.O.H.

..

..

0'023
0'024

0'17
0'08
0'10

0'10
Tr
009

..

0'04
0'04

1
Billet
6
6
6
i
075 he"

..*

"/n

As Rolled
As Rolled
N.870
N.870
N.850
OQ.850 T.580
OQ.850 T.560
N.860 lhr
WQ.860T.600i hr
WQ.860T.620

256
260
284
200
260
256
350
380

38'2
396
388
41'0
410
496
500
38'2
437
468

31
30
31
28
28i
26t
21
34
28
26

12
52
52
60

63i
69

97
93
97
94

13

2
2
8
8
8
11

..

12

.,"tI
o

"'0'
l'D

:4
iii'

'"

...

~
:3l'D

.,

l:U

;:;:
i;;

:3-

...

VI

::J

a.
~

I'T1

::J

'"~
l'D

;;;-

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Ch.mical Composition (%)
Process of
Manufac
CUrti

T.nsl"
Section 51".

51

Mn

NI

Cr

Mo

di..

Heat T....tm.nt

(in.)

....

B.E.A.

...
.....
....
..
....
..
..
.....
.....
...
...
....
"

..
..
....

......

...
..
...
.....
....
..
..
....
...
...
.

0'22

..
.
..

0'16

..
..
....
....
..
..
..
.
..
.

...
....
.....
....

..
..

....
..
....

.....
..
..
.
.

....
..
....
..
..

1-50

...
..

...
..
..
.
..
...
....
....
.....
..

0-022

. .

..
.....
..
..

0'020

..
..

031

....
....

....
.
....
.....
.

...
..
...
.....
....
....
..
..
..

..
..
....
.....
..

.....
......
....
......
....
......
....
...
...

..
..
..
....
,.
..
..
..

019

..
..

..
..
..
..
..

..
....
..
....
....
.....
..
.

..
..
....

.
..

006

..

..
...
....
....
..
..
..
.....
....
..

....
....
....
...
.....
....
....
.

t
.....
....
Ii
...
....
..

..

..

oft

....f

..
..

AC
AC
AC
AC
AC

...
...
..
......

.....

AC
AC
AC
AC
AC

N.880 lhr
T.SOO 2hr
T.5SO 2hr
T.600 2hr
T.650 2hr
T.675 2hr
N.880 lhr
T.SOO 2hr
T.5SO 2hr
T.600 2hr
T.650 2hr
T.675 lbr
N.880 1hr
T.SOO 2hr
T.5SO lbr
T.600 2hr
T.6SO 2hr
T.675 2hr
N.880 lhr
T.SOO 2hr
T.550 2hr
T.600 2hr
T.6SO 2hr
T.675 lbr
N.880

..
..

(C)
(tt)
(C)
(tt)
(C)
(tt)
(C)
(tt)
(C)
(H)

(C)

(H)

..
..
..
..
..

Y.P.

(RJ

T.5.
(R m)

EI

~%)
A)

R.A.
(%)

(Z)

1,,0<1.
ft.lb.

R.r.

Tons/sq.in.

...
....

......

....
....
..
....
......
.....
....

0'5%
0'05%
0'1%
02%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p ) (O'IR p ) (0-2R p) (0'5Rp)

215

23'1

25'3

AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC

.. .. ..
. . .
.. .. .
.. . .
.. .. .. ..

22'1

237

245

.. T.SOO 2hr AC
.. T,5SO 2hr AC

.. T.600 2hr AC
.. T.650 2hr AC
.. T.675 2hr AC

OQ.88O lhr
.. T.SOO 2hr AC
.. T.5SO 2hr AC

24'1
37'"
34"

28'9
37'6
35'0

33-7
37'9
35'1

282
2BB
284
269
26'0
254
263
305
29'4
280
26'4
26'1
26'5
29'3
279
270
265
252
26'5
29'6
28'2
269
257
26'3
23'6
258
285
298
272
280
264
269
25'2
259
255
264
38'5
38'7
354

42'5
39'2
38'3
36'8
35'9
34'7
42'3
405
39'2
377
36'0
35-3
41-1
40'0
3B'9
37'6
38'0
354
42'0
41-3
40'0
38'4
36'7
354
412
418
403
41'0
40'2
41'1
39'1
39'8
37'6
377
358
36.1
52'6
46'3
43'3

30
32
32
38
39
34
32
33
33+
34
38
39
34
30
35
35
37
3H
31
3"
33
34
3H
30ti
30ti
33
34
32
34
33
35
35
3H
35
3H
3H
24 i
23
28

57
71
71

73

76
7st
62
71
70
72
73+
75
6H
6st
6"
7H

71
6H
68
69
71
71 i
2H
69 i
65
69
68
67
71

73i

69
7st
71
70
70 i
59
63+

59
101
105
105
114
115
105
113
114
118
117
118
109
103
118
116
118
110
114
101
117
117
117
109
116
109
101
102
115
115
115
114
118
118
102
104
61
85
106

...
....

..
...
..
....

..
...
....
......
....
.....
....
....
...
....
....
..
..

('\
Q

ti-

:::I

~
Q
:::I

~
:::I
B

'"B

VI

!!..

IN
~

m
:::s

::J

to-'
w
to-'

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
T.nsil.

Ch.... ical Com_idon (%)

P....-of
Hanufac:.
tun

B.EA.

...
.....
....

....
...
....
...
..

..
...
....
....
..

on

..
...
...

...
..

..
......
...
...

SI

..
..
...
..
.....
...
....
.....
..
...
..

016

....

..

Hn

....
...
.....
....
.....
...

1-50

....
...

Oon

..
....

..
....
....

...

.....
...
..
....
...

0010

...
..
....
..

NI

....
....
..

031

..
.

Cr

..
..
..
....
......
....

0'19

..
..... ..
... ...
.... ....
... ..
... ...
.... ...
... ...

Ho

....
...
..

0'16

.....
......
....
....
....
.....
...
.....
...

Section Size
dlL

H_ T....tm.nt

(In.)

...

....
....
...
...
...
H
...
....

....
....
.
..

OQ.B80 1hrT6001hrAC
T6501hrAC
T6752hrAC
OQ.880 1hr
T1001hrAC
T1OO1hrAC
T1502hrAC
nOO2hrAC
T3502hr AC
T4002hrAC
T5002hrAC
T5S02hrAC
T6002hrAC
T625 2hrAC
T6502hrAC
T6752hrAC
T.400AC
T.500AC
T.550AC
T.600AC
T.625AC
T.650AC
T.675AC
OQ.880 2hr T.400 AC
T.500AC
T.550AC
T.600AC
T.625AC
T.650AC

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..

..
...
..
..

0'5%
0'05% 0-1%
0'1%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0,05 Rp) (0'1 Rp) (O'lR p ) (0'5R p)

Y.P.
(1\)

T.S.
(Rm)

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

Izod
ft.lb.

41'B
38'7
37'6
51'7
53'0
$4'6

1"
n
34
14
lH
14

7H
7H
7H
58i58
6Oi-

111
116
117
60
73

52'2

23

6H

(Z)

Ref.

Tons/sq.ln.

19'4
31'7
320

33'4
34'7
350

33.6
30'1
29'1
38'5
395
397

36'2

37'3

416

33-3

260
183
19'1

35-6
-

29'3

32.8

30'2

32'8

33'6

38'7

30'5

33'2

407
384
36'6
34'5
n'5
30'6
29'5
33'6
343
33'8
30-5
29'8
29'6
27'7
34'2
n'8
31-9
30'4
29'4
28'0

SO4
47'6
454
43'1
41-3
40'0
38'2
45'6
44'0
43'5
39'6
39'3
39'0
36'9
45'6
43'6
42'4
40'4
39'4
38'0

24
2H
2H
3Oi30
32
33
17
2Si30
31
32
3H
3H
62
29
31
32
n
34

68
70i70
74
7H
74
75
69
6"
68inini7H
74
67
68
68i70
70
ni-

81
57
44
92

101
113
117
118
118
117
118
106
113
117
118
118
118
111
105
112
111
117
118
118

....
...
.....
....
.....
...
...
...
....
.....
.....
..
8

"0

if

...:::r

~
~

tD

;;;

:::r
~

:lI

:}

it

I'T1

:lI

'"~
~

in

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Proe_o f
Hanufaeture

B.E.A.

..
..

....
.....
....
.....
..

...
...
....
...
..

...
..
.....
...
...
....
......
..
....
...
....

0'22

51

....
.
..
...
..
....
....
....

0'16

.
....
....

...
.....
.....
..

Hn

1'50

....
....
..

...
....

..
..
.
..
..
..

...

..
.....
....
..
..

...
..

......
..

...

0022

..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
....
..
..
....

.....
...

..
..
....
.....
....
....
..

..
..
....
..
..
.
...
..

0020

....
..
..

..

..

..

......
..

....
...
...

....
..

Ni

...

031

....

..

......
..
.
..
..
..

...
...
...
....

.....
.....
..
..
..
.

Cr

....
..
.'
..
..
..
..

0'19

....

......
..

..

..
..
.

...

..

..
..
..

....
....
....
..

Ho

..
..

0'16

....
..
....
..
.

.
..
..
.
...
...
.....
..
....
.
.,
...
....

5ection 5ize
diL

H..c Treatment

(in.)

"C

....6
......
..
..
.....

(C)
(H)

....
...
..

.H
..
..
.
.
....
.
H
...
..
...

(e)

(H)
(C)
(H)
(C)
(HI
(C)
(H)
(C)
(H)

2i

0'05%
P.5.
(005Rp )

..
..
......
..
..
..
..
..
..

......
..

..
....
....
..
....
..
..
.....
...

TSOO2hrAC
T5502hrAC
T6002hrAC
T.6502hr AC
T.6752hrAC

WQ.8801hr

T.5.
(Rm)

EI
(%)
\ A)

R.A.
(%)

Izoe!
ft.lb

307
33'2
32'0
31'6
31'4
31'2
299
29'3
28'6
28'6
28'1
282

+4'2
459
42'8
43'5
41'8
425
40'1
40'4
390
39'5
38'3
390

28
26
29
3,.
29
32
32
32
33
31 i
33
34

66
63
70i
69
68
6Si
71i
70i
75
7H
71 i
Hi

108
103
115
111
114
104
117
118
116
114
119
119

7104
53'9
49'1
421
355
336

88'9
58'4
53'2
488
42'9
409

12
2,.
22
26i
30
31

36i
61
61

0'5%
0'2%
P.5.
P.5.
(0'2R p ) (0'5R pl

Y.P.

(Ra)

(Z)

Ref.

Tons/aq.in.

OQ.880 lhr T.lO 2hr AC

T.lO 2hr AC
T'SOO2hr AC
T'SOO2hrAC
T.5502hrAC
T.5502hrAC
T.6002hr AC
T.6ClO 2hr AC
T.6252hrAC
T.6252hrAC
T.6502hr AC
T.6502hrAC
WQ.880 lhr

0'1%
P.5.
(O'lR~

31'1

451

53'2
538
490

312

617

41'6
48'5

48'1
48'7
43'6

544
49'1
+40

404

406

408

38'3

38'5

387

T.SOO2hrAC
T.5502hrAC
T.6002hrAC
T.6502hrAC
T.6752hrAC

434

WQ.880 lhr T.SOO 2hr AC

T.5502hrAC
T.6002hrAC
T.6502hrAC
T.6752hrAC
WQ.880 lhr T.lO 2hr AC
T.SOO2hrAC
T.5502hrAC
T.6002hrAC
T.6502hrAC
T.6752hrAC

7"
ni
74

25

103
113
115

62'7
49'7
+42
39'3
148
322

76'2
557
510
465
42'6
4(1,0

16
20i
22i
26i
30i
32i

4"
66i
69i
ni
7Si
76

19
93
100
110
119
119

415
377
345
325
31'8
40'5
381
351
32'5
30'2
28'2

49'6
46'6
429
41'2
40'1
510
49'1
+49
42'1
398
380

24
26
30
30 I
32i
22
26
27
2'*
32
34

68
68i
Hi
H
75
6H
63
68
70i
H
741

101
109
118
115
108

104
105
118
118
119

..
....
.....
...
8

....

,.

..

..

......
..
..

..
..
..
..

tig
~
Q
~

...

ta
ta

n:

!!..

..
..
...
..

..
..
.....
.
~
W

.-.
m
~

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)

Procell of
ManufllCture

ASTM
Grain
Size

....
....
...
....

....
.....
...
..
...

BofA

0'22

B.O.H.
B.O.H.

Fine

Fine

0-23
0-23

51

016

..
0'16
0'13

Mn

..
....
..

1-50

..
...

1-58
125

...
.....
..
..
..

0'022

0027
0'020

....
...
...

0020

.
..
..

0017
0020

Tensile

NI

..

0031

...

..
....
...
....
0'23
023

Cr

.....
....
......
....

0019

0'20

Mo

...
....

0016

.....
..

..

Section Size
dia.
(in.)

H... Treatment

0'05% 0'1% 0'2% 0'5% Y.P. T.S.

P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S. (Ra) (Rm )
(0'05Rp ) (O'lR p ) (0'2R p )(0'5R p )

Tonl/sq.ln.

..

.. ..
. .
.. .
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..

(C) WQ.880 lhr T.<400 2hr AC

(M)
(e) WQ.880 lhr T.500 2hr AC
(M)
(e) WQ.880 lh. T.550 2hr AC
(M)
(e) WQ.8BO 1hr T.600 2hr AC
(M)
(e) WQ.8BO lhr T.6502hr AC
(M)
(e) WQ.880 lhr T.675 2hr AC
(M)

....
..
...
..
..
,

..

..

2bq.

38'4

39'8

35.9

WQ.860 T.620
WQ.860 T.600

499
49'5
476
47'1
45'3
45-3
43'1
424
397
394
374
37'0

434
39'0
37'1
36'7
357
34'6
33'3
319
29'8
29'4
28'1
27'6

39'6
34'8

.g4
452

EI

("/0)

(A)

lH

25
24
25
2H
26+
2U
30
31
32
33
34

R.A.
(%)

(Z)

64
63
67
69
69
68
7"
71 *

n
n

74
73

Izoe!
ft.lb.

86

62
101
101
105
105
115
114
118
118
110
109

73

23
23

92

Ref.

....

....
..
....
......

Fine

......

....
..
..
..

.....

0'24
024
0'24
0-24
0'24
024
0'24

0'16
0'17
0'19
0'14
0'19

1-55
152
1'60
1'45
124
146
1'70

...
...
...
...
.

0'037
0042
0-031

0'027
0'026
0'030

0'21
0'21
0'18

007

007

.... ......
... ....
.. ...
.. .
.... ...
. ..

0'20

0'04

H
21
H

2hq.

H
2t

...
..
..
..
....

1 .....

2 *oq.

Normalized
Normalized
N.850
WQ.86OT.610
OQ.880 T.600
OQ.850 T.550
OQ.840 T.5oo
T.550
T.600
T.650
OQ.840 T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
OQ.840 T.5oo
T.550
T.600
T.650

.....

..
.
...

238
250
265
332
302
39'2
36'1
339
31'2
4,.,
37'5
374
35-3
36'4
34'8
33'6
3104

386
412
410
440
46'9
40'3
522
48'1
45'2
408
501
469
45'2
423
478
45'3
429
406

37
47
57

32
31
25*
26
23
24
24
26+
27
31
2H
25*
2Si
30
26+
27
28*
2Si

94
101
59
64
66

70
64
66

68

64

66

68
70

81
87
100
87
81
99

111
88
93
105
112

if

So
til

...
;;;-

0:-

:::l

---

::r-

12

S
::J

..

--B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

..

12
8
12
14
8
1

.....
..
....
....
....

V\.

go.

a..

ITI
::J

'"til~

in

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
ProceSI of
Manufacture

B.O.H.
B.O.H.

..
....

Tensile

ASTM
Gr.lin

Size

....
..
..

Fine

025
025
025

..

..
..
..

51

0'16
015
018

..

...

0'25

Mn

1'-49
1'50
1"70

....
..
..

Ni

0'0-41
0'033

..
..

0'0-40
0'021

..
..

..

Cr

021
027

..
....

Mo

009
0'09

.
..

Section Size
dia.

Heat Treatment

0'05% 0'1% 0'2% 05% Y.P. T.S.

P.S.
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
(Rs ) (R m )
(0'05R p)(0'1 Rp )(0'2R p )(0' 5R p )

(in.)

Tons/sq.in.

H
ti

WQ.850 T.630
WQ.860 T.620
As Rolled

... ....

..

.. ..

If

11

1'38

370
-42-4
280
28'0
26-4
27'6

OQ.860 T.600
OQ.860 T.600

If

-47'5
50'8
.....-4
-42'6
-416
-43'-4
""'-4
-46'2

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)
(Z)

Izod
ft.lb.

66
75
25
22
22
37
95
96

2-4
23
23
23
25
26
27 i
25i

Ref.

8
12

....
..

..
..

104

-B.O.H.
BO.H.
B.O.H.

Fine
Fine

Fine

0'26
0'26
0-26
0'26
0'26

016
017
0'15

0'26
0'26

0036
0'026
0'030

0'036
0.036
0025

2f
H
H

0'18
0'19
0'17

0'22
0'2-4

1'65
1'60

sq.

..
..
..

..
..
..

B.E.A.

1"60
1"61
1"70
1-47
1'61

1i
3
0'023

0'12

1-73

-40'2
-408
-470
-43-4
-462
-422
-41.2
-42'6
-42-4
32'0 -430

31
29
26
29
26
271
28
27
28
261

-46

280
2-40
232
26..
25.6
27'0
..3'0

-45'6
-408
39'6
-408
-41.6
""'0
$<f0
-fB'8

20
29
29
22
28
30
2..
261

15
32
25
23
35

26'"
2.. 0
25'8
27'"
27'6

..3'6
-42'2
-418
""'6
..20

29
30
32
29
30

2-4'8
2-48
37-4
27-4
35'2
312
288
31-2

..
..

0'011

Normalized
Normalized
WQ.860 T.620
N.860
OQ.870 T.610
T.600
T.600
WQ.850 T.610
OQ.850 T.620 WQ
OQ.850 T.600

311

320

40

78
97
91

8-4
97
6-4
59

027
0-27
0'27

..

..

B.E.A.
A.O.H.

..
..
..

B.O.H.

..-6

....
..

Fine

0'27
027
0'27

..
..
..

0'16
017
0'17

..
..

0'17
0'19
023

.
..

1$<f
1-56
1'6-4

....

1'60
1"66
1'70

0-031
0'032
0'035

..

..

00104
0'0-46

0028
0029
0026

..

0'023
0'03..

1'58

0031

..

....

0028

0'19

1'38

0'026

0'026

0'28

0'16

0'28

..
..
..

....

0'20
0'17
0'17

....

011
0'17

.....

0'20

007
006
0'17

..
..

008
0'10

..
..
..

0'10

..
...

As Rolled

H
2i
2

2i
3

003
0'0-4

H
1

-h
H
H
2f
3i

hex

056-4

N.850
N.900 OQ.815 T.600
Hardened & Tempered

..
...

Normalized

N.86O

....
....
..
2

~
~
Q

~
~
tD

'"tD

....tD

V)

!!..

--

I
B.O.H.

..
..

12

H9

37'3

39'9

58
61i

23

....
..

12

..
8
9

..

-$<f
83
67
91

....
..

12

13

VI

:I

:::I

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

\AI

0'

(continued)
Ten.i1e

Chemical Compooltlon (%)

Proc... of
Manufacture

A.O.H,

ASTH
Grain
Size

....
.....
....
..

5-6

..
..
.....
.
....
.
...
..

0'28

51

0'25

...
....
.
..

0029

..

....
....
....
.

OQoH

NI

...
....
...
....

Qo20

...
.....
..
...

..

1'33
1'35

0'15

.. ..

009

. .
.. .
. ..

B.E.A.

Fine

Qo21

1'67

0'104

Tr

B.E.A.

Fine

0'28

1'604

0'19

0'07

A.O.H.
B.E.A.
A.O.H.

...

B.O.H.

"C

OQ.870 T.600 thr WQ

.
..
2t
...
1t

(C)
(0)
(C)
(M)

(0)
(C)
(M)

(0)

2sq.

Qo28
Qo28

..
.
.

(in,)

t
f
H
H
i
11
2t
H
2t
H

1'604
1-35

..

Heat Treatment

0'28

021

1'53

..

0037

0038

..

0'14

0'03

04-6
2......

0'28
0'28

0'22
0'30

1-39
1-76

0030
0036

0'038
00045

0'16
Qo204

0'14
0'13

Fine

0'29
Qo29

020
015

1'60
1....

00041
003...

0'023
0'036

0'104
0'15

0'09
0'06

11
H

.
.
2t
..
1

11

1003 hex

...
..
..
...
...

. .
.. ...
.... ...
... ...

..
....
...
....

T.600 !hr WQ

OQ.850 T,635
T,625
T.630
T,615
OQ8S0 T,630
T.630
OQ870 T.630
T.630
N.850
N.840
OQ.840 T,550
OQ.860 T.600
N.825
N.825
T.6S0
A.BOO
N.850
A.BOO
N.85O
N.85O
OQ,850T.625 WQ
N.9000Q,875T.600

..
..

.. ..

R.A.
(%)

24
24
23
1st
26t
24
25
28
26t
25
28
28
30
31
26
28
28
31
25
29
25
27
25
29
29
26
29
25
29
29
22t
19t

6St
6St
62
60
64
6Sf
6Sf
6Sf
6Sf
64

29'0
2804
24'8
29'2
236
272
25'9
30'8
40'6
$4'5

$4'0
50'0
48'8
52'5
48'2
480
50'2
45'9
...7'8
...9'7
45'0
43'8
43'0
41'2
46'0
42'8
041'8
40'8
46'4
042'8
46'04
043'8
....8
041'2
041'0
48'04
38'04
46'04
41'8
043'8
507
62'0

30'8
324
278

46'4
....8
045'6

16
26
23

(Z)

Izo<!
ft.lb.

Ref.

Ton./ICI.in

T,600 lhr WQ

..
..
..

EI
(%)
(A)

0'05% 0'1% 0'2% 0'5% Y.P. T.S.

P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S. (R.) (Rm )
(0'05R p)(O'1 Rp)(0'2R p )(0'5R p )

Section Size
diL

0'15

1'70

0'28
Qo28

..
.
..
.

Cr

....
.
..
.

Qo28

..
..

..
..
."..
...

1-60

1'68

0'28

..
.

Mn

..

46'8
38'6
342
40'5
35'1
364
38'8
326
35'4
36'8

476
39'8
357
417
361
374
395
338
362
376

48'8
42'0
39'5
439
38'2
39'5
41'2
361
379
394
35'8
354
320
30'0
35'2
32'0

30'0
27'2

65
56
33
29
32
38
29
30
40
28
101
96
95
98
85
89
904
89
83
92

62
57
60
52
$4
52
504
61
604t
61 t
5H

9
"0

.
....
2

..
....
..

14

..
....
....
..
.
2

10
15
13
15

29
6

10
9
9

-- --

..

..

. ..

3
3

As Rolled
WQ.860 T.640
N.860

9
79

....

12

if

....

til

...

;:;
;;;

VI

~
~

...

~
~

I'TI
~

'"....til
til

;;;

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process of
Manufoctur.

....

B.O.H.

..
..
..

..
..

A.O.H.

.
..

A.O.H.

ASTM
Grain
Size

..
..
....

0'29

()o30
()o30
0'30

....
..
..

0-30

Si

..

0'15

....
.

..
..
..

0'30

Mn

..
....
..
..

1'51

1'66
1'64
1'70

..
..
..
..

1'53

..
..

0026

...
.

...
..
.

0036

Ni

Tensile

Cr

..
...
..

020

Mo

Sect ion Size

dia.

Hac Traemenc

(in.)

Ii

..
..

0032

...
..

0038

..
...
..

..
....

0'14

0'17

0'10

009

..

2
147

....
..
..

.
..

..

..

1*

248
270
262
268
252
27'4

..
.
..
.

OQ.850 T.660
T.635
WQ.870T.500
T.600
OQ.870 T.550
T.600
N.825
N.82S T.650

Y.P.
(Ra)

T.S.

(.

EI

1(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

(Z)

lzod
fe.lb.

Ref.

Ton./sq.in.

Normalized

H
H
H
H
H
H

0'1% (0-2% 0'5%

P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'1 Rpl (0'2R p ') (05R p)

43'2
464
....0
45'6
42'2
46'0

27
27
27
27

16
23
22
18
26
24

28
26

....
....
..

12

-WQ
WQ
WQ
WQ

388
348
52'5
468
430
426

55'8
49'8
48'6
470
30'0
288

476
45'2
62'8
568
574
550
47'0
42'4

2S
2H
20
21
21
23
25
30 i

75

57
61
57i

60i
55
59

88
40
64
24
43

....

&'
~
o
~

~
Q

...
til

VI
til

!!..

..
.....

to.)

--.I

En 14
Properties

238

of the British Standard En steels

TYPICAL CURVES SHOWING THE EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

(Ref. 8)

1/

80

70

--...-

bO I - - - \l.odutl'oOl'

....

/'

..- V

.--- ..-

50

ol~
\

\
I

1!

:i

't;.\~

Elon orion

20

100

I00

200

\. /

JOO
Fi,. 14.9

. / qo

8o

r--

r~",.

,H&u

I 10

IlOd

40

10

L-- V

I 20

-~

~
/'"

.2
bO

.......... 5o

40

400

500

JO
bOO

En 14
239

Carbon-Manganese Steel

TYPICAL CURVES SHOWING THE EFFECT OF MASS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (Ref. 8)

OQ.8700C T.600C AC

OQ.8700C T.SSOOC AC
120

120
IIOd
IlOd

100

100

80

80

.D'

.::

Reduction of arIa

..

Reduction of orca

R
~

bO

d!

bO

.~

l!

40

Tensile Itrcnqth_
v: Id

I,

stress

Elonaatic!n

Tensile .tr,nath

40

on otion

Yield strau

20

Oiamller of bar (in).

Diom I tc r of bo r (in)

Fie. 104.10

Fie. 14.11

110
IIOd

100

80
Reduction of ar.o.

Tensil ..

UrlSS

Elonqotion

Yi,ld

Oi",".r of bo r (in)

Fie. 104.12

fro..
s

I
5

:I

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURE

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

I
C

Si

Mn

Section
Size

..

..
..

022

....

013

..
..

Oll

..
....
...
.

....

.....
..
..

....

0032

"39

..

..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
....
..
....
..
..

(in.)

..

..

0'027

..

..

..

..
..

..

I
I

..
....
..

0016

N.860

. ..
.. ..

OQ.860 T.650

.. ..
.. ..

..

0'1%
P.5.
(O'lR p)

,I

0'2%
P.5.
(0'2R p)

Y.P
(Rs )

0'5%
P.S.
(0'5R p)

T.5.
(R m)

R.T.
- 63
- 195

+ 20
- 50
-120
-150
-196
+ 20
- 56
-120
-150
-196

I
,

II
I

II
I

21-3
240
29B
365
51-3
290
34'0
41B
.0162
626

20'2
232
30,'"
35'8
53'3
29''''
34'1
41'2
.0165
63'5

335
378
437
.0162
602
3B9
"'3B
52'0
56'0
66'B

lll
2""8
32'B
374
54'9
29'3
35'0
"'2''''
503
64'6

210
2""0
315
364
537
29,'"
34'7
"'2,2
"'7,5
645

37
39
16

37
"'2'2
62'8

28
36
59'0

R.A.
(%)

EI
(%)
(A)

Tons/sq.;n.

OQ.880 T.600

..
..
..
..
..
..
....

00.011

1'3'"

0'01%
P.5.
(OOlR p)

Test Temp.

Heat Treatment

dia.

0'19

33
32
31!
23!
S!
2B!
31
33!
29!

Ref.

(Z)

16
16
16

72

H!

..
..
..

68 !
6S!
63!
5H
12

....
....
.

66

64
6O!
50
6

Process
of
Manufacture

ASTM
Grain
Size

I ..

O'll

5i

..

013

Mn

..

1'34

..

0041

Size
dia.

Heat Treatment

(in.)

..

0'016

....
...
..

0'24

....
..
....

023

..
....
..
..

1'60

..
..
...

0027

.....
..
..

0'023

....
..

!x2!

...

'"o
......
So
til

.,cv

8'
::J

N.B6O
OQ.B6O T.65O

Izod Impact

Charpy Impact
50% Max
EnerlY
+ 14C
-300C

SOO/o Fibrous
Fracture
+16C
-33C

50% Max
EnerlY
-3C
-33C

a..
Ref.

50% Fibrous
Fracture
-15C
-36C

..
....
..
..

OQ.900 T.ln
T.204
T.316
T.427
T.538
T.649

- lloC
+ 54C
+ 1270C
- 1C
- 29"C
- 62C

I'T1

::J

'"
l;'

Charpy V 800/0 Max EnerlY Transition Temperature

H.F.

(D"

M:

Transition Temperature

til

::l

;:,-

Chemical Composition (%)

Section

;;;"

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

I

.g

..
..
...
..

15

til

c;;-

En 14
241

Carbon-Manganese Steel
IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATU RE CU RVES
Chemical Composition (%)
Curve
No.

Si

Mn

A
B

0.17

..

0'13

..

1-44

..

O'OH

..

0030

019

..

1'65

..

0055

..

025

0'22

025

1-54

Ni

Tensile

Cr

..

017 <005

..

0'041

0053

Mo

Section
Sixe
dia.

Heat
Treatment

( in.)

..

..

<005

..

It

..

..

012

..

006

..

<005

..

q.

0040

002

006

1.

T.S.
(R m )

Tons/sq.in.

N.890
WQ.980
T.630
N.880
WQ.880
T.660
N.B60

..

Y.P.
(R s )

EI

R.A.

(A)

(Z)

(%)

(%)

Ixod
It.lb.
---

205

30'8

41

293
25'1

383
379

66t

368
25'6

44-7
38'2

261

32t

74

106

75

107
100

67t
6H

89

Substandard test piece. i ' dia. 1i' overall length. Notch. 0450 Included angle. 025 mm root radius. Thickness under

notch 0'220'.

(Ref. 11)
50 r - - - - r - - - - r - - - - , - - - - , - - - - - , , . -.....

40 I--+---+---=::::--==r~t=----+----i

30

......
..;;

't 20

1.
2

,..

J
10

o
Tamp.folure

FiC. 14.13

"fi0

m
:::s

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Proceu of
Manufacture

...

A.O.H.

..
....
.....
....
..

....
....
..
....
...
..

0'15

..
..

0'21

..
..
..

8.E.A.

...
..

021

....
....
.

..

019

Si

...

0'23

..
...

.
...
...

..
..
..
0'21
..
..
.,

...
.
..

023

..
..

Mn

..
..

1-70

....
..
...
..
..

..
"

...

....
.....

..

0'032

01)18

.
.....
....

..
...
..
..
...

..

..

...

..
....
..
..

....
..
....

004

.
.....
....
.

0010

..

"

...
..
..
...
...

0'032

...
..
....
..
.
..

0'019

0'027

......
...
..
...
.

0'17

Heat
Treatment

Test
Temp.

(in.)

..
....
..
...

......
..
.

1 i- sq

Test

..
..
..
...

0'16

....

..

1i

..

......
....
..

......
......

..
..
...
"

OQ.870 T.630 AC

..

Oil Quenched and Tempered

....
.....

6 i- sq.(L)

....
..
...
....

....
...
...

N.870 T.550

1i

Piece

..
..
..

1-39

....
..
...
..

0'24

Cr

020

....
...

1-61

Ni

..
.,

..

1'61

..
..
..

0'22

Section
Size
dia.

N.8S0

(T)

(L)

(T)

(L)
(L)
(L)
(L)
(L)
(L)

20
300
350
400

450
500
550
20
300
350
400

450
500
550

... ..

22'5
20'6
17.0
126
10'3
8'5
6'9

23'9
21-5
18'3
17'0
16'2
15'4
13'2

295
240
22'0
20'7
190
16'0
11-3

32'2
29'0
27'8
26'5
2407
22'0
17'5

600

35-3
40'1
40'3
38'1
34'8
29'2
235
410

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)
(Z)

Ref.

3H
27
30i

71.
51
57
61i

10

28

2H
2Bi
31

43'7
405
35'2
30'0
24'3

30
23
27
27
25
27
31

+4'5

145

32'4
34'1
32'7
32'7
32'8
326
316

35'4
359
34'3
34'6
34'9
35'0
338

.....5
428
41-7
41'9
43'5
.....7
.....6

2H
20 t
2U
19i
19
21
24

205
18'5
16'0
120
14'5
10'0
10'0
4'5
30
20

23'8
22'0
211
19'9
19'2
17'5
17'0
146
13'3
11'8

23'9
22'5
22'3
20'6
19'6
19'0
18'8
17'3
15'9
14-3

24'0
23'0
24'0
21'1
20'7
20'8
21-7
20'0
18'3
16'6

38'4
38'4
475
+6'9
+6'1
43'3
40-7
35-3
29'7
25-7

3H
30
23
16
27

19
4

209
7'3

21'6
8'3

24'9
9'9

37
37'5
13'9

RT
RT
265
265
300
350

R.T.
300

T.S.
(R m)

29'7
32'8
31'1
31'4
31'0
307
29'7

5'8
12'0
176
10'5
18'1

450
500
550

0'1%
0'2% 0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O"R p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)
Tons/sq.in.

RT
100
150
200
250
300
350

400

OQ.880 T.6OO

L.P.

64

66

73

7H
55

58t
64t

6H
70
114

.....

.....
...

o
-...

..

...
....
.
lH

..
..
..
..

49i
51
51
6H

..
..
..

37
n
30 26 6H
54 39 8U

....

28t

2st

28
36

"'yA 50

31

;:t

if

..
..
....
..

68
56
31

"1:7

~
n

So

...

:r
VI

get
~

ITI
~

'"
:i;;;

En 14
Carbon-Manganese Steel

243

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF l' DIA. BAR

NORMALIZED FROM a100C

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Si

Mn

0'23

0'12

(Ref 5.)
70

. . ,~.... ,I
,~1'

bO

'.,

~o

......

so

')

.... ....

...............

,..-- -

.!!.!!10/io

y'

:'114 ,t" ..

- r-"-

20

10

......

- ---

".t\\\'&' \'f"~
..-

........
,.
....

.....

-----

......-

-- --200

100

300

400

""

---

500

Fl,. 14.14.

CREEP PROPERTIES
Chemical Composition (%)
Process 01

Manufacture

Si

Mn

P'

Ni

Cr

Section
Size
di.

Heat
Treatment

Test
Temp.

(in.)

Applied
Stress
Tons/sq.in.

Creep Rate
hr
--

B.E.A.

0'26

0'19

1-69

0'011

0024

013

Tr

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

OQ870 T625 WQ

..

..

500

..

2'5

I ReI.
,

--

5'6x 10-'
between

1-6

i
I
I

24"
hr.
l'8x 10-
between
120 hr.

n"

..

:::::I

t
FATIGUE PROPERTIES
Axial Fatilue Limit{107 /rev)

Chemical Composition (%)

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Section
Size
dia.

Heat
Treatment
C

(in.)

...
..
..

..
....
..

..
..
.

021

0'15

..

..
...
.

...

1-45

..
....
..

0021

0020

..
..
..

005

..
..
.

.
....
..

...

005

0'02

...
.

Mean
Str...
Tons/sq.in.

....

N.890

.... ...

OQ.890 T.650

0
6
12
0
6
12

Schenk
Pulsator
Machine
Tons/sq.in.
lH5

Gill (NPL)
Slippinc
Clutch
Machine
Tons/sq.in.
174
16'5
14'7
22'0
21'2
18'8

Ref.

.....
..

11

til

ij'
~

So

til

tllI

::'!.
Chemical Composition (%)
C

....
..
.....

Si

...

Mn

...
.
..
.

0'27

0023

1'70

0'29

0'19

..

142

.0'30

0'30

1-70

...
.

..

0'046

..
..

0'032

...

0'034

Ni

Cr

...

0'10

0'17

..
..
..

021

..
..

0038

0,'"

..

....

0'07

Mo

Section
Size
diL

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

.. *...

0'04

..
.

1-47

Tensile
Y.P.

(Rs)

T.S.
(R m )

Tons/sq.in.

EI

R.A.

1%)
A)

(%)
(2)

39'9

488

26i

N.850
OQ.850 T.640
WQ.870 T.500 WQ
T.600WQ
OQ.870 T.550 WQ
T.600 WQ

23'6
29'1
558
49'8
48'6
470

40'2
4O'S
628
S68
57'4
550

30
31
20
21
21
23

(1) Notch 0008 in. deep. 0'004 in. root radius, 6QO included an,'e, Core dia. 0'3125 in. Kt '" 317
(2) Notch Semi- circular 0'020 in. deep. 002 in. root radius, Core dia. 0'3125 in. Kt ~ 2'13

Rotatinl Bendinl Fati,ue Limit (Tons/sq.;n.)

57
59
57
61
57!
6O!

Test
Piece

10"rev. 5 X 10"rev. 10"rev. 5 X 10"rev. 10'rev.

Plain
Notched (1) 17'6
Notched (2) 18'2
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain

28'2
14'6
156

26'7
138
lH

14'6
13'8
12'8

24'6
13'8
12'8
17'5
17'5
305
29'0
18'0
27'0

::r

Ref.

....
4

..
2

...
2

g=-

et

=
lT1
In

lii:t'

En 14
Carbon-Manganese Steel

245

LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Private correspondence With The United Steel Companies Limited.
2. Private correspondence with Firth-Brown Limited.

3. Physical constants of some commercial steels at elevated temperatures. Butterworths. London. 1953.
.of. Private correspondence with The Ministry of Aviation Royal Aircraft Establishment. Farnborough.

S. War Office unpublished report.

6. Atlas of isothermal transformation diagrams of the 8.S.En Series Steels, (Second Edition) Iron and Steel Institute. Sp~clal
Report No. 56, 1956.
7. G. Delbart. A. Constant and A. Clerc. Courbes de Transformation des Ac/ers de Fabrication FraRliaise, L'lnstltut
de Recherches de la Siderurgie. 1956.
8. Private correspondence with English Steel Corporation Limited.
9. Symposium on the Hardenabllty of Steel. Organized by The Technical Advisory Committee of The Special and
Alloy Steels Committee (Ministry of Supply) and The Iron and Steel Institute. I. S. I. special report No. 36, 1946.
10. Private correspondence With Edgar Allen and Co. Limited.
11. Private correspondence with The Ministry of Power. Safety In Mines Research Establishment.
12. Private correspondence with The Park Gate Iron and Steel Co. Limited.
13. Private correspondence with The Round Oak Steel Works Limited.

H. 8rltlsh Standard 971, Cammentaryon 8ritish Wrought Steels En Series. British Standards Institute London. 1950.
15. J.P. Sheehan and H. Schwarubart. Impact properties of quenched and tempered alloy steels. Proc. Am. Soc.
for Testing Materials, Vol. 56, pp. 483-517.1956
16. British Iron and Steel Research Association unpublished data.

En 15

CARBON-MANGANESE STEEL
(HIGHER TENSILE)

SPECIFICATION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)
Si

C
En
En
En
En

15
15A
15AM
158

0'30-0-40
030--{)<40
030--{)<40
0'35--{)'<40

Mn

0'10--{)'35
0'05--{)'35
0'25 max
0'05--{)'35

1-30-1-70
1'30-1-70
1'30-1-70
1'10-1'30

0.050 max
0'060 max
012--{)20
0'060 max

0'050
0'060
0'060
0'060

max
max
max
ma"

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Hardened It Tempered Condition
En 15A

En 15

Limidn. rulin. section. in.

Tensile.trength. Tons/sq.in., min.
(R m)
Yield stress. 1 Tons/sq.;n.. min. (R s)
0'2% Proof Stress. 2 Tons/sq.in.
min. (0'2R p )
Eloneation per cent. min(A)
Izod Impact. ft-Ib. min.
8rinell hardness Number 3

<40 <40
28 28
26
22
25
179/
229

26
22
35
179/
229

2!
45
H

I
50
38

2t

<40
28

45
H

En 15AM
R

En 158
Q

2!

2t

50
38

45
H

<40
26

45
32

50
36

55
42

32
36
20
20
22
20
20
30
30
25
25
25
201/255 223/2n 179/229 201/255 223/2n

20
25
201/255

20
20
25
25
179/229 201/255

1. Not to be used as acceptance tests except by special arran.ement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
2. When specifically requested in the enquiry or order.
3. For information purposes only. Not contractual part of the specification.

246

20
18
25
25
223/2n 248/302

En 15
247

Carbon-Manganese Steel (Higher Tensile)

RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
UNITED KINGDOM
En No.

15, 15A & 15B

B.S.

1045

B.S. Air

593
3T1

AMERICA
D.T.D.

503A

15AM

GERMANY

S.A.E.

A.I.S.I.

1036
1041
1335

Cl036
C1041
C1335

1137

C1137

Werkstoff
No.

Name

D.I.N.

5066

30Mn5

17100

APPLICATIONS
A low alloy steel similar In composition to En 14 but with higher carbon content. It may be heat treated to produc
a tensile strength of 40 to 50 Tons/sq.ln. and in small sizes up to 60 Tons/sq.in. Typical uses are: Axles, shafts, crankshaft
connecting rods, heat treated gun parts, gas cylinders, nuts, bolts, steering levers, track shoes,motor cycle flywheels, fron
wheel spindles, kick starter cranks and gears where teeth may be induction hardened.
En 15AM has good machinability but poor transverse properties.

WELDING
(see Introduction for key to symbols used in this table)
Weldin, Process
MA
En 15
15A
15B
15Am

d
d
d
f

I.G.

bx
bx

,
,
,

b"
f

e
e
e
f

b
b
b
f

Reproduced by kind permission of H.M.S.O.

MACHINABILITY
The machinability of this steel in the normalized condition is about 65% of that of mild steel (En 3) whilst in
the hardened and tempered condition it is approximately 55 to 65% of mild steel.
The free machining grade En 15AM has similar machinability in the normalized condition to mild steel (En 3) and in
the hardened and tempered condition the machinability is about 85% of that for mild steel.

HOT WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES

Forging, Rolling and Stamping
Normalizing
Annealing
Subcritical Annealing
Hardening
Tempering

1200 finish above 850C

840-4l70oC Air cool
84O-4l70oC Furnace cool
600~60oC Air cool
840-4l70oC Quench in oil or Water
550~60oC Air or Oil cool

En IS
248

Properties

of the British Standard En steels

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (d)
Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

0'37

0'20

Hot

Heat

Treatment

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'015
0018
0'16
(Nominal Composition)

016

0'11

00.850 T.600

S.G. at 20"C

Ref.

7088
7'85

t
2&3

SPECIFIC HEAT (c)

Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

0'37

020

Hot

Mean Specific Heat. Cal/c dec C

Heat
Treatment

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'015
0'018
0'16
(Nominal Composition)

0'16

0'11

00.850 T.600

20to
200"C

20to
300"C

2Olo
ofOO"C

2Olo
500"C

2Oto
600"C

Ref.

0'118
0'115

0'121

0'123

0'127

0'135

1
2

MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION (a)

Chemical Composition (%)
C
037

Mn

Si

0'20 Hot 0015 0018

(Nominal Composition)

..

Heat

10'x Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion per dec C

20to 20to 20to 20to 2Olo 2Olo 20to 2Olo

l00"C 200"C 300"C ofOO"C 500"C 600"C 6800C 700"C

Treatment

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'16

0'16

0'11

00.850 T.600

._--

1200 1295
11
12'9
-

,..

13-50 13-90 1-4-3

13
138
""6

""75

150

Ref.

1
2
3

15

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (k)

._.

Chemical Composition (%)

C

5i

Mn

0'37

020

Hot

5
0015

Thermal Conductivity. Cal/cm I dec C

Heat
Treatment

Ni

Cr

Mo

0018

0'16

0'16

0'11

Ref.

00.850 T.600

100"C

200C

300"C

0'110

0'106

0'102

ofOO"C
0095

500"C
0088

6OOC
0081

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (/?)

Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

0'37

0,20

1....

Ni

0,015 0018 0'16

Cr

Mo

0-16

0-11

Electrical Resistivity. microhm em

Heat
Treatment

20'C looC

I
I

C
OQ.850 T.6OO

2ooC 3OOC

28,2

23,'

354

43-5

4OOC

5OOC

6OOC

543

655

78.3

I Ref.

("\
Q

ti-

YOUNG'S MODULUS (E) SHEAR MODULUS (G) POISSON'S RATIO (0)

I
C

Si

..

Mn

..
..
..
..

0,37

0,20

....

..
..
....

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
....

1....

..
....

Ni

..
..
..

0015

0018

....
..
..

:::J

Chemical Composition (%)

..
..
..
..
..
..

0'16

Cr

Mo

I
0'11 I
..
I

..

0'16

..
....
..
..
..

..

....
..
..
..
..

Section

Size

dia.

(in.)

....
..
..

Ten
Temp

Static

R.T.
R.T.
100
200
300
400

13.800

..
..
..
..

..

OQ.8S0 T.600

Ii

..
....

..
..
..

....
..
..
..
..

Vibration method.

Shear
Modulus
Tons/sq.in.

YOU"'' Modulus
Tons/sq.in.

Heat
Treatment

Dynamic

14.000
13.850
13.850
13,700
13,000

12,100
10.800

500
600

Ref.

Ratio

Static

Poisson's

5.380

:::J

~
:::J
tD

'"tD

0,280

..
..
..
..
..
..

II

...

VI

2
1

~
~

;t
:::J
~.

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Chemical Composition (%)
Process of
Manufacture

8.0.H.

Si

Mn

037

020

1....

0015

Ni

Cr

Mo

0018

016

0'16

0'11

Heat
Treatment

C
OQ.850 T.600

Magnetic Induction B (puss) for magnetizing field of H (oented) =

I
iH = 10

I
I

6800

20

30

40

60

80

100

150

200

11800

13700

14800

16100

16900

17400

18200

18600

250

19000

I Ref.

m
:s

VI

En IS
Properties of the British Standard En steels

250

TRANSFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS
ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION
Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

033

0'21

1-5-4

0'02-4

0021

0'18

O'lS

0'05

Basic Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 8 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 8 (ASTM)
Treatment - Hot rOiled to 4 S.W.G. cold drawn to 11 S. W.G. with intermediate annealing at 780C.
Austenitizing temperature 860C, 30 mins.

(Ref.5)

qOO

--=- - :-- - ACJ

800

700

/'

,.

bOO [7/

500

400

:"-"", r-,

- -

I--

....

[..,

Il
I)

- -

--

I - - i-

f-

I-

- -

~-

- I---

-- -- - ---

..- ~ I..-

1--::::::I--

l--.....

~ I..-

I-I-

--::

l..- ~- 1-- t l-- V I-:: l- I-vV

V V V
~
V V ~~
L,..-

II

(
\
\

1/

I-"

If

D )\
I

1\ 1\ \

":-- 0:[\.'"\',,

"""
~

1--

~0"1.

300

r\. I\.qo"/o "100;'

101.
50%
Tranlformotion

200

100
Soc.

10

20

40

10

20

40

Min.

Duration

of

isothermal trcatmant.

Hr.

10

201
Day.

En 15
251

Carbon-Manganese Steel (Highe" Tensile)

HARDENABILITY
END QUENCH HARDENABILITY CURVE
Chemical Composition
C

Si

Mn

0'33

023

154

0'02~

(%)

Ni

Cr

Mo

0021

0'18

015

005

McQuaid Ehn grain size 8 (ASTM)

As Quenched grain size 8 (ASTM)
End Quenched from 86()OC
(Ref.S.)

BOO

700

.a.
>

I'

000

:I:

'\

500

t"

1\

~oo

:I:

f---

I~ ~

300
200

02

0'4

0'0

- - - I-.

~-

0-6

1'0

1'2

1'4

1'0

I'~

20

27

24

Distance from queoched et'ld of bar (in)

Fig. 15.2

Chemical Composition (%)

C

5i

Mn

Ni

032

0'18

136

0014

0'014

0'18

Basic Electric Arc

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6-8 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 7-8 (ASTM)
End Quenched from 850C
Tempered at 5800C A.C.
(Ref.6.)

700
000
500

I
" \ As quenc.hed

400
300

200
100

1\
\

r-...

K ~ t:-02

0'"'
Distance

0'0
from

08

10

12

quenched

end

Fig. 15.3

1'4
of

1'0
jominy

18
bar

20
(in)

22

04

En 15
252

Properties 'of the 8rlt/sh Standard En steels

END QUENCH HARDENABILITY

(continued)
Chemical Compoaitlon (%)
C

51

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'37

0'20

1'-44

0'015

0'018

0'016

0'16

0'11

Basic Electric Arc

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6-8 (ASTM)
Normalized from 850C
End Quenched 8500C

(Ref. 4)
800

'
"
1
o

~ boO

"\

:J:

400

200

1\

i'-.. I--l....
1'0

o'S

&

10

12

14'

Oillanco

1&
from

2p

I'S

18

20.

quenched

22

2&

28

30

32

34

Inches.
3& Sixte.nlh,.

.nd of bar.

Fie. 15."

END QUENCH HARDENABILITY BAND

This hardenabllity band has been constructed from
results obtained on several casts or En 15.
(Ref. 3)

too
ci

~&OO
:J:

~o

...
-<

"~
V
K ~r--...

400

1"-<K

:J:

200

1/ Vk ~ l/ /
1/

O'S

&

VV r~~ I~ V ~ v
V

100

\0

12

14

Oi.....(.

from

1&
qu.nched

Fl 15.5

2'0

\'5

18

20

22

end of bar.

24

2&

2&

30

Inch.,.

32 Sixteenths.

En 15
253

Carbon-Manganese Steel (Higher Tensile)

HARDNESS TRAVERSE CURVES

Chemical Composicion ("10)

51

Mn

Ni

0'32

0'19

1036

0.0104

0024

0'18

Basic Electric Arc.

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6-8 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 7 -8 (ASTM)

Oil Quenched 850C

(Ref. 6)

o 350

>

--

:I:

300

250

200

3'

--

/':IdiO.

1"aft di~.
2'dio

05

10

/"2diO'

Diltonco

os

from

10

cont.. (in)

FiC. 15.6

Oil Quenched 850C Tempered 580C A.C.

(Ref. 6)
300

~2 so
:I:

IS 0

'"

I'

/'2d'O

,...- ...-/'}
-~

4 die.

0-5
OidQl'\Ce

from

FiC. 15.7

05
centre,(in)

I'

I'edio,-- 2'd<J

10

En IS
Properties of the British Standard En steels

254

380

HARDNESS TRAVERSE CURVES

(continued)

IYa"q.

3bO

1\ )

HO

<5

'"
>

\ l/

320

:I:

300

Oil Quenched 850C

280

~
2bO

r----.

HO

"'- V

"-V

(Ref. 4.)
10

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'37

0'21

1'44

0015

0018

0'16

0'16

0'11

l\

o'

0-5

Distance

2"; sq.

from

.I

V
05

centre of

10

4~lq

1'5

20

bar Qn)

Fig. 15.8
70

...

Basic Electric Arc

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6- 8 (ASTM)
bo

1\

~O

Y;".
IV

\V

8 Q,

40

Oil Quenched 850C Tempered 600C

.......

30

20

10

,-

'\

'"

1\

\/

"~~/.v

1'0

O'S

O'S

Distance from centre of bar (in)

Fi,. 15.9

1;.1
22 sq.

./

4~'iq

.--

V
10

15

20

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)
Process of
Manufacture

ASTM
Grain
Size

Tensile
Size

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

Section

..
..

0'30

..

Si

..
..
..

0'30

Mn

..
..
..

1'70

..
....

0032

....
..

0038

Ni

....

Cr

Mo

....

dia.

..
..

0'104

007

1047

..

..

..

031
0'31
0'31
0'31

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

..
..

0'31
0'31

..

---

..

032

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.E.A.

....
....

....

2....
6-8

..
....
..
.
..
..

0'32
0'32

..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..

0'15
0,15
0'16

..

0038
000f0f
0034

0029
0026
0022

0'23
017
021

..

..

..

008

i
i

OQ.850 T.650

1-60
1'34

..

HI

..

026

..

0037

..

022

..
..
..
..
...
..

1'52
1,36

0037
00104

0028
0024

027
0'18

..

0'19

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..

0'32

156

0'32
0'32

1-56
1,30

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..

..
..

..

....
..
..
....
..

..

..

010

0004
0004

..
..
....
..
..
..

Ii
Ii
i
i

1," (e)
.. (0)
2 (e)
.. (M)
.. (0)
0'71hex
O'92hex
2

032

0'18

1-043

0,160

0032

033
0'33

0'20
0'26

151
157

0022

0,028

0104

628
568
57'04
55,0

040'0
424
372
516
0432
384
33'6

..

248
26'8

EI
1%)
(A)

20
21
21
23

R.A.
(%)

Izod
fdb.

Ref.

040
60f
25
43

..
..
..

(Z)

57
61
57i
60 i

50'6
522
48,04
58'3
524
0468
0452
38'8
394

26
25
204
25
23
27
25
32
21

68
60f
81
69
80
52
63
63

...
7

......
2

..

---

..

OQ.860 T.600
T.620
N.8750Q.850 T.600
OQ.850 T.580 AC

..
.. ....
.. ..
.. ..
...... ......
..

Ii

OQ.860 T.600

..

..

T.S.
(R m )

---

OQ.870 T.635
WQ.8S0 T.6SO
N.850
OQ.850 T.600

Ii
3

55,8
0498
048'6
.f70

..

OQ.850 T.625
T.620
T.650
OQ.850 T.620
OQ.8ofO T.600

52,5
0468
043'0
042'6

..

OQ.860 T.600

2
5

0'19

....
..

1....
1....
1....

..

..

B.O.H.

150
1-51
1'34
1504

Y.P.
(R s )

Tons/sq.;n.

WQ.870 T.5SO WQ
T.600 WQ
OQ.870 T.550 WQ
T.600 WQ

---

0,2% 0'5%
0'1%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O'IR p) (0'2R p ) (0'5R p )

..

520
42'6
38'1
48'7
0400
350
342
27,8
32,0

35'0
342

350
3042
368

280
320

287
320

300
43'2
42'6
33'2
48'1
320
279
308

620
SI04
498
567
509
047'8
450
0478
043'8
....2
....8
538
510
45.8
53'6
432
0418
0432

20
25
204
28
28
27
29i
31
30
31i
33
23
22
22
22i
2Si
26
28

045

65
62
63
63i
60f
68i
64
6Si
69

68
55

67

83
98
101
92
101
102
92
82
81
83
68
98
60
60

--- ---

..
....
7

..

..
..
..

....

C"\

.,
Q

0-

:;,

~
Q

:;,

Oq
Q

:;,

....~

V'l
....
....

!!..

'5:
oq'
.,....
::J'"

;j;l
:;,
~

..
..

9
1

..
7

--Billet
6

As Rolled
OQ.850 T.650

33'7
)ofO

490
0430

22
27

62

73

10
3

tv

VI
VI

:s

WI

m
::s

U 'I

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

'"

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Proc_ of
Msnu
facture

ASTM
Grain
Size

Si

Mn

Ni

Tensile

Cr

Mo

I
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

B.O.H.

1......

0'33
0'33
0'33
0'33

..

0'33
0'33
0'33

0'17
0'15
0'17
0'15

..

0'16

1-61
143
1'-40
145

...

1'69
1047
1'-48

0030
0'039
00-41

....

0014
0'019
0'016

..
..

B.O.H.

0'34
034
0-304
0'34
0304
0304
0'304
0'34
0'34

....
....

0304

..
..

A.O.H.

..
..

....

..
..

..
...
.
....
.

0'34

0'16
016
0'15
0'15
0'31
0'11
0'14
0'18

...
....
..

0'17

....
..

010

..
..
....

1'50
1'-40
1'49
1'51
1'45
1'58
1'56
1'53
1040

1'45

...
..
..

...
...
..

1-58

....
....

Treatment

(in.)

1sq.

0'15
0'17
014

Ii
Ii

..

..

..

h'
H

7
0200

0035

11

--B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
A.O.H.

Section
Size
dia.

0017
0'016
0030
0'017
0031

0018

....
...

0'033

..
....
...

00-41

..
....
..

00-45
0031
0014
0'019
0'034

0'037

..

017
0'16
021
0'21
Tr

I .....

Ii
1f
1t

tsq.

014

11
Ii

0'17

..
11
....

..
....
..
..

0031

....

011

..

..
..
..
....

0'0-41

..
..
..

..
....

..

.....

..
..

003

...
.
......
..

.....

..
..
..

003

....

..

....
..
.

..
..

Ii

Heat

0'05% 0'1%
05%
0'1%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p) (O'IR p) (O'lR p) (0'5R p)

340
31-6
-4-4'8
50'0
-4-41
38'4
30'1
188
34'0

..

....

....
.

..

WQ.81OT.6-40
T.670
T.6BO
T.6-40
T.670
T.6BO

...
..

AC.860 lhr
T.5002hr
T.550 ..
T.600 ..

-460
43'4
55'0
58'1
51'1
-490
43'1
41'1
-46'0

EI
(%)
(A)

17
17
10
13
14
15
18
lH
16

R.A.
(%)

Ized
ft.lb.

Ref.

BO
B-4
30
7-4
68
61
99
53
50

.....
..
..

(Z)

6H

3
7

-481
-40'8
304'0
34'0
36'1
-424
39'0
36'0
47'2

570
-49'0
-46'0
47'0
471
510
51'0
470
570

19
15
17
16
18t
23
25
16
20

4305
41-1
338
41'6
38'4
35'1

508
-48'1
-4-4'6
50'1
45'8
43'1

14t
16t
18t
15t
18
30

5H
6H
59

-40

5H
6H
61i

61
39
100
47
90
78
19

-i

9
4
3
3
7

.....
...

68
68

15'4
310
31'0
18'5
18'1
14'9

18'1
318
31'1
19'1
186
268

31'0
33'3
31'3
19'6
18'8
17'8

'35'7
35-3
317
305
19'0
19'6

490
491
-460
-4-4'1
42'0
-405

2H
17
27T
27T
30
1st

52
56t
59
61
65

14
43
60
71
81
85

150

26'5
19'8

18'3
30'3
19'5
194

31'S
31'3
31-1
31-7

-487
-484
-480
-467

13
16
16t
16t

sst
5H
61
5H

17
33
34
51

6-4

..
....

66

'"a

---

OQ.860 T.610
T.600
T.610
T.610
OQ.B-40T.650
OQ.850 T.600
OQ.850T.610
T.610
OQ.860 T.600

AC.860 lhr
T.5001hr
T.550 ..
T.600 ..
T.650 ..
T.670 ..

T.S.
(R m)

Tons/sq.ln.

OQ.850 T.6-40
OQ.860 T.600
T.5BO
OQ.860 T.610
T.615
T.610
OQ.870 T.635
WQ.850 T.650
OQ.860 T.600

...
..
..
.
.....
...

Y.P.
(Rs )

..
..
..
...
3

..
....
..

.as.
(1l

.,

'";:;:
C;;.
:::r

~
~

a.

I'T1

...

li:'
(1l

in"

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process of
Manufacture

..
..
..

A.O.H.

...
..
..
.....
...
...
.....
...
....
......
..
....
..

..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.....
..
....
..
..
..
..
..

03..

....
...

Si

Mn

..

..

1'58

..

..
....

0'20

....

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
....
..
......
..
..
......
..
..
..
..
..

....
..

..

..
..

..
..
..
..
....

..

....
.....
..
..
....
.
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..

00<41

..
..
..
..

..
..
....
..

..

....

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..

0'0<41

..
......
..

..

..

..
..
....
..
....
..
..

..

....
..
..
..
..

..

..
..
....
..

Ni

..
..
..
....
....
..

0'11

.
..

....

.
....

....
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..

..

....
..

Tensile

I
Cr

0'03

,.

..
...
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....

...
......
..
..
..
..
....
..
..

Mo

..

0'03

..

..
..

..
..
....
....
..
..

.....
....

..

..
......
....

......
...

Section
Size
dia.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

,...

..

..
..
..
..
..

..

AC.860 lhr
T.5002hr
T.5S02hr
T.6002hr
T.6S02hr
T.6702hr

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

....
....
....

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..i

.
..

..

270
25'8

..

AC.860 lhr
T.5002hr
T.5S02hr
T.6002hr
T.6502hr
T.6702hr

..
....
..

....
....
..
..

(C)
(M)
(C)
1M)

..

AC.860 lhr

(e)

(M)
(C)
(M)

....
..
.
..

(e)

(M)

(e)

(M)

T.5002hr
T.5002hr
T.SS02hr
T.5S02hr
T.6002hr
T.6002hr
T.6502hr
T.6502hr
T.6702hr
T.6702hr

OQ.860 lhr
.. T.l002hr AC
I .. T.200 2hr AC
I
.. T.3002hrAC
i .. T..fOO2hrAC

Y.P.

(1\)

27..

27'1

28'3

275
2"'9

277
26'0

280
27'9

28'1
28'2

28'2
28-3

28'3
287

....9

5H

6.f5

53'6
65'1
578

63'7
73-5
62'1

730
800
66'3

I ft.lb.

"1'6

30'6
290
29'5
303
283
25'7

.fe3
..70
..7'2
.f65
....6
..2'2

2.f
2H
2H
26
27
31

SH
57i
5H
60i
61
6.f

17
13
21
23
28
33

31'1
301
28'6
28'3
26'"

..9'6
.f63
.fe7
.f65
..32
..3'3

24
25
25
26
27
28

53
52
51
56i
6"
60i

11
21
15
21
33
28

.fe0
498
..72
..77
..7'5
.fe7
..59
.f67
..39
..50
..26
..27

25
2H
25i
26
25
23
26i
26
28i
2H
29i
28i

52
.f6i
53
50
5H
.fei
55

17
13
18
15
21
13
19
20
21
21
31
29

910

9.f3
938
7<43

300
31'7
28'6
296
29'1
31'0
27'0
27'8
260
272
25'6
26'0

831
875
70'4

263

8i

"9i
59
56i
6H
6H

5t

26
31
..5

Ref.

I
56
67

28'"

26'2

(Z)

65
67

....3

248

R.A.
(%)

28i
3H

29-8
269

23'5

EI
(%)
(A)

i !zod

280
260

28'2
27'8
269
28..

27'6

T.S.
(R m)

Tons/IeI';n.

AC.86O T.6S0 2hr

T.6702hr

2t

02%
0'5%
0'05% 0'1%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O'05R p ) (O'IRp) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

7
8
11
7
7

I
i

..3

....
..
I ..
I ....
...
..
..
..
..
....
I

I
I
I

..

..
..
..
..
..
..

1;'
i:}.
g
~

~
~

tD

cj
tD

;;t
~

..

..

..

....
..
..
"'......"
V1

-'"

:I

m
::s

U"I

ClO

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
'rocess of
Manufacture

..
...
..
..

A.O.H.

.
...
..
..
..

...

...
..
..
..
..

.
...
..
..

..
......
..

0'3..

..
..

.....
.....

"

....
..

....

..
.....
.

SI

..
....
..
....

0'20

..
..

..
....
..

..

...
..
...
.....
..

..
..
...
...

Mn

...
...
...
.....
.....
...

1'5&

...
...

..
...."

..
...
..

0041

.....
...
....
...

..

....
..
...
..

..
..
...
..
..
..
....

...
..
...
...
.....
...
..

0041

....
..
..

...
..

....
..
...
..

.."
..

Ni

....
...
...
......
.....
...
....
....
..
...

0'11

..
..
...
..
..
..
..

Tensile

Cr

...
......
..
...
....
....
....
..
.....
..
...
...

0'03

..
...

..
..

Mo

...
......
...
..
..
...
...

003

......
..
..
.
.,

..

....
.....
..
..

Section
Size
dia.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

...t
....
..

OQ'&6O lhr T.5002hr AC

T.5so2hrAC
T.6002hr AC
T.6252hrAC
T.6502hrAC
T.6702hrAC

...
..

1.

....
...
..
.
...

Y.P.
(R.)

T.S.
(Rm )

Tons/sq.in.

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

48'6
..9..
..25
..11
3&9
36'1

50'&
51'0
....2
..2'0
399
36'2

52&
52'"
..5-3
..2'"
40'3
36..

552
53'&
46..
..3'1
406
36'&

62'0
60'&
54'2
51'1
..9'2
460

17i
19
21 i
22
26
2&

....
..
...
..

56
57i
6H
6H
67i
67i

3..9
336
39-3
..70
....6
..5'5
..2'7
3&'6
39'1

..2'"
..2'&
..79
539
48'9
..59
..3'&
39'1
39'6

50'&
529
57'&
61'6
530
..7'5
..5'0
397
399

606
64&
642
700
580
..96
466
40'6
40'6
370

73'"
80'5
&1'2
767
65'"
5&0
54'&
50'1
..9-7
46'&

12
11
11

39
33
3H

lSi
19
21
23
2..
2H

29'1
322
357
3..3
306
338
308

335
35'"
36'5
350
332
3..0
33'9
31'3

3&'1
38'6
37'7
359
34'"
3..6
3..1
31'5

..39
..3'1
39'&
373
36'"
35-3
35'6
320

55'1
53'S
S1'0
..9'3
..77
46'5
46'"
..39

1&
19
22
23
2..
25
27i
27

51
5H
57
60i
61
65
6H

26'"
309
335
33..
337
33'0

303
335
3"'7
338
338
33'1

28'"

300

3....
367
36..
3..7
3..1
33-5
33'2
320

39&
..1-3
392
36..
35'"
3405
340
32'&

53'1
52'5
51-3
48'&
47'2
46'9
"5'1
..2'7

20
20
22
22i
2..
25
26
27

..7 i
5a
50
53
57
60
6H
60i

OQ.860 1hr T.l00 2hr AC

T.2002hrAC
T.3002hrAC
T.4002hrAC
T.SOO2hrAC
T.5502hr AC
T.6002hrAC
T.6252hrAC
T.6502hrAC
T.6702hrAC

..

OQ.860 lhr

..
..
..

..
.
...
...
.....
..

T.4002hrAC
T.5002hrAC
T.5502hrAC
T.6002hrAC
T.6252hrAC
T.6502hrAC
T.6702hrAC

OQ.860 lhr
T.4002hrAC
T.5002hrAC
T.5502hrAC
T.6002hrAC
T.6252hrAC
T.6502hrAC
T.6702hrAC

Izod
It.lb.

Ref.

20
19
..7
76
&5
95

...
..
...

(Z)

....
...

2i

..
.. i
....
....
..

0'05% 0'1%
0'2%
0'5%
P.5.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p) (O'lR p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

54
5H
62
64
6H
67i

....

5
6
2

22
22
31
73
93

....
....

....
..
..

10
12
2..
25
32
32
38

8
7
13
21
36
30
..1
SO

ii"
~

So
~

.,0:.

;:;:
<;;

:r

...

VI
Q

:::s

get
IT1

:::s

'"~

....
...
..
..

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(conti nued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process 01
ManuraCture

..
....
..
....
..
..
.....

A.O.H.

..
..

..
..
..
..
....

....

.....

....
..
..
..
..

..

0,).4

..
..
..
..

. ....
..
..
..
....
..
....
..
....
..
....

....
..
....
..
....
..

Si

..

020

..
....
..
..
..
....

..

..
....

..

..
..
..
....
..
..

..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

Mn

....
..
..
..
..

1-58

..

....
....

..
..
..

..

...

....
..
..
..
....
..
..

..

..
..
..

..
..
....
..
..
...

OO.fl

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..

..
..
..
..
..
....
..

..
..
..
..
....

....
...,
..
..

OO.fl

....

..
..

....
..

..
..

..
..
....
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..

..

Ni

..
....

0'11

..
....
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..

....
..
....

..

....
..

Tensile

Cr

..

0'03

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
....
..
..

....
....
..
..
..

..
..
..

....

..
....

Mo

..
..

003

..
..
..

..
..
..

..
....
..
..
..
..
..
....
....

..
..

..
....
....
..
..
..

Section
Size
dia.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

6 (C)
.. (M)
.. (C)

.. (M)
.. (C)

.. (M)
.. (C)
.. (M)
.. (C)

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

(M)
(C)
(M)
(C)
(M)
(C)
(M)

..
..
....

OQ.860 lhr

..

....

..
..
..
..

..
..
..

..

0'05% 0'1%
0'2%
05%
P.S.
P.5.
P.S.
P.S.
1(0'05R p ) (O'IR p ) (0'2R p ) (0'5R p )

II

T.~~02~r
.. .. ~~.. ,

.. .. ..
.. .. ..
T.6502hr AC
.. .. ..
T.6702hr AC
.. .. ..
T.6OO2hr AC

T.6252hr AC

.....
..
..

..i
..
..
..

..

WQ.86O lhr T.5002hr AC

T.550 2hr AC
T.6OO2hr AC
T.625 2hr AC
T.6502hr AC
T.6702hr AC

..
....
..
..

WQ.860 lhr T.5002hr AC

T.5502hr AC
T.6OO2hrAC
T.6252hr AC
T.650 2hr AC
T.670 2hr AC ,

..
..

WQ.860 lhr T.4002hr AC

..
T.500 2hr AC
..
T.6OO 2hr AC

Ii

2t

..
..
....
..

T.5.
(R m )

Tons/sq.in.

I
T.5002hrAC I
T.~2.~r~~

Y.P.
(Rs )

I
!

30'5
252
310
283
334
32'7
338
336

325
289
330
31'2
3042
).4,3
3041
304'1

327
328
32-5

33'2
330
328

$4

10
8
16
8
21
19
28
24
32
26
36
31
45
31
47
).4

31'3

31'4

290

295

299

$4'2
487
....7
420
400
365

$49
49'6
45'2
424
410
368

55'7
503
455
425
411
370

574
51'6
459
426
41-3
37'1

63'1
57'6
531
503
487
....8

19
20
22
18
26
26

55'6
52'1
46'5
....6

560
525
467
....8

568
532
470
450

585
$4'6
47'3
455
41'1
359

644
61-1
55'0
53'2
49'3
45'4

19
20
23
21
24 *
27

58
63t
63t
,,*

20
23
59
65
78
91

n'l

n3

1"
17t
21 *

32t
49
59t

4
19
32

673
54'6
468

568
47'7

2"
19t
21 *
24
22
22
22*
22*
25
26
25
25
2,*
27t
25*
27t

634
557

ReI.

(Z)

352
330
339
339
333
320
31-6

645
530
460

51'2
527
509
51-5
498
51-5
484
507
469
486
463
473
....6
45'2
429
42'6

Ized
It.lb.

R.A.
(%)

394
384
396
392
380
39'1
364
372
3048
355
340
3045
33'1
327
309
309

603
51'3
450

354
33'1
358
).4'6
356
36'1
).4,9

EI

(%)
(A)

46*
5H
5"
55
52
5H
51
57
54t
59
57
6"
61 *
65
63

36
42
78
88
86
88

58
48*
62t
64
"*
$4

sst

"

...
....
3

..
..
..
..

....
....

I ..

..

..

..
..
..
....
..

C"\
Q

ti-

:;,

:;,

~
:;,
til

'"til

V\

:;:

!!..

'5:
:;,..,til

OQ'

Bi
:;,
~

..e.

..
..

..
..
..

..
I

....
..
J-,)

V'I

-.D

-'"
:s

:::J

\ II

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

~
o

(continued)

Chemic.1 Composition (%)

Proc... of
M.nufactur.

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Ten.ile

,0'05% 0'1%
0'2%
0'5%
P.5.
P.5.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p) (O'lRp) (0'2R p) (0'5Rp)

He.t
Treatment
'C

Section
Size
di.

(in)

..
..
....
..
..
.

A.O.H.

....
..
..
...

.
..
..
.

..

B.O.H.
B.O.H.

..
..
..

..
..
...

0'].4

....

....
..
....
..
....
..
..
....
...

0304
0,].4

....
..

...

..

..
..
..
....
.
..
..
..
......
..
..
..
....
....
..

0'09
0'15

....

1+4
146

1'61
1'60

0'20

....

..
..
....

..

.
..
...
.

....

...
..

B.O.H.
B.O.H.

0'3"
030\

016
0'08

B.E.A.

035
0'35
0'35
0'35

021
023

..

1'58

..
..
..

,...5

1'35
1,40
1'32

...

....
..
..
....
....

0'041

..
....
..
..
..
..
....

...
..

0180
0190

..
....

0200
0'1501
0013

....
..
....
..
....

0'041

...

...

....

..
..

..
....
..

0'0.1.0
0031

....
..

0031
0030

0019

....

0'11

..
...
..

..
....
..
...
..
..

..
..

....

..
.
..
..
..
..
...
..

0'03

....
..
..
.
...
..

....

0'20
0'19

..
..
of!
..
..
..
....
2i

...

WQ.860 lhr T.62S 2hrAC

T.6SO 2hrAC
T.670 2hrAC

..
....
....

WQ.86O lhr

43-3
425

....1
43,0

....5
43'5

61 *
63

48
76

66

12
17i
20*
22i
25
25

35
47
57
5,*
62
64

3
14
23
25
33
50

5
6
19
18
19
21
25
26
35
29
52
39

650
580
522
SO'9
485
45'5

6 (C) WQ.860 lhr

.. (M)

T.400 2hrAC

.. (C)

T.SOO 2hrAC

47'1
36'1
45'4
35'2
40'4
33,9
40'4
25'5
39'8
337

51-8
395
47'2
36'3
42'1
34'7
41-7
36'1
40'1
34-0

57'1
43-5
49'3
37'8
43-3
35'5
42'7
37'0
40'8
34'5

309

31-1

31'4

62'5
48'6
51'7
404
....7
37'0
....0
38'5
41'5
35'5
357
321

68'2
58'1
598
51'8
53'7
484
52'9
49'8
SO6
46'8
459
43'4

320
352
320
32'8
36,8
33-6
330

45'2
470
..5'2
45'6
47'8
46,0
..5'6

28
24
24
22
24
25
25

34'8
23'6
35'6
32'8
30-..
29'5

53-4
38'"
50'"
....6
45'6
....5

23
30
25
24
25*
27*

.. (M)
.. (C)

.. (M)
.. (C)

.. (M)
.. (C)

.. (M)
.. (C)

.. (M)

1 t hex
l#he"

...
...
...
..

.. . .

.. . ..
..
.. .. ..

T.625 2hrAC
'f

....
..

If

T.6S0 2hrAC

T.670 2hrAC

..

T.590

N.850

*
2
2hq

N.830
OQ.8oIO T.600

3
1 .q.

.f

T.600 2hrAC

OQ.860 T.620
T.610
T.620
T.600

..
..
...

.f

..

,t

"

15
17i
21
20*
23
2,..
23
23
25
26
29

Ref.

(Z)

25
'27
28

578
48'8
43'0
411
38'1
34'7

..
...
..
..

Izod
fdb.

R.A.
(%)

529
525
462

51-7
45'8
41-5
398
37'3
34'1

T.400
T.500
T.600
T.625
T.6SO
T.670

EI

(%)
(A)

....9
438
31-3

47'2
43,5
40'5
38'5
368
338

..

0,08

Ton./sq.;n

43'0
415
39'3
395
36'4
33'1

022
0'18

T.5.
(Rm )

2hr AC
2hrAC
2hrAC
2hrAC
2hrAC
2hrAC

11
U
11

....
..

013

..
..
....
..
..
...
...
..
....
..
....
..
..
..
..

0'03

Y.P.
(R.)

3'*
52i
52
60
5H
61 *
59
6H
62
67
66

....
..
..
...
.

..
....

501
55

31

62
62
64

53
56
53

a~

So

CD

..
....
.....
..

,:;:,

;;;

.
! ..
...
..
..
- - - --58
51
52
53
45
46
59

-%
B

3
4
2
1

...

c;;
::r
~
Q

:;:,

g-

il
rn

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)

I
Procell of

Manufacture

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

ASTH

Grain

Size

Heat
Treatment

Section

Si

Hn

Ni

Cr

Ho

Size
dia.

...
......
..

(in.)
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

035
035

0'17
0'19

..

1'51
H7

..

0'039
O'OH

0032
0'022

025
0'20

B.O.H.
B.O.H.

0'35
0-35

0'17
0'16

H8
H8

0'030
0032

0'02"
00<10

0'17
0'18

..

..

..

..

0'35
0'35

..

4~

H5

0'35

1'35

..

..

..

..

025

023
0'19
0'22
009

0'19

1'5<1
1'59
1'58
1'''1
1'59

..

..

..

....

000
0128

..

..

0'026
0'034

..

..

0'23
0'17

....

IH

..

1-38

..
..

0-032

..
..

0038

..
..

..
..

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

1'51
1-60
1-50
129

0032
0031
0035
0030

0015
0031
0032
0025

017
019
0'17

B.O.H.
B.O.H.

036
0'36

015
0'17

125
121

0036
0032

0'028
0023

020
0,2"

.....

B.O.H.
B.O.H.

..

..

036
0'36
036
0'36

..

..

025
0'22
009
009

..

1-67
1-60
1-52
1-55

..

..
..

0194
0'188

..

..

..

0030
0030

..

..

..

020
023

..

T.610
T.620

..
..

T.600

1f

1!r hex

H
1f
H

..
..
" ..

..
..

T.600

OQ.B<IO T.SOO
T.5SO
T.600
T.6S0
OQ.8S0 T.6S0
T.620
T.6SO
N.875 OQ.850
OQ.860 T.600
T.600
T.620

..
....
..

N.B<IO
N.B<IO
N.830
OQ.830 T.6S0

....

6 sq. (C)
(H)

032
0'15
0'16
0'19

..

005

..

..

036
036
0'36
036

..

033

sq.

4!

2 sq.
4 sq.

..

..

..
....
....

" sq.
4 sq.
6 sq.
1.

.
....
....

(0)

1!r

OQ.8S0
OQ.860

....

OQ.8S0

T.6<IO
T.620
T.600
T.620
T.610
T.620
T.600
T.630
T.650

..

T.610
T.600

1!r sq.
i hex
hex
f hex
3. sq.
8
li1 i hex
li-

..
..

,.

OQ.860

..

T.S.
(Rm )

Tons/sq.;n.

T.610
OQ8S0 T.625
OQ.B<IO T.620

..

..

..

..

005

....

036

..

H
i
i
i
If
2t
H

..

. ....
.
. ..
.. ....
..

036

..

..
..

035

035
0'35
035
0'35
035

..

..

1'35
143

..
..
..
....

A.O.H.
B.O.H.

..

..

1,\

Y.P.
(Rs)

..

..

I
I

EI

(%)

(A)

"1'2
""'0
""'0
""2
50,"
36'0
33'6
320
357
326
31'2
380
H4
330
31-1
35'4
38'1
33'5
<18'0
36'0
"3,2
36'0

51'6
52'8
52'"
5<1'2
57'8
<18'"
45'6
45'7
471
"',7
45'6
51'3
<18'4
""6
""'6
""1
53'6
457
585
472
522
"7'6

23
23
2"
2"
22
2<1
28!
26i25!
28!
2H

268
243
26'"
27'6
31'6
296
330
312
"",8
<180
436
37'6
354
"',0
412
360
318
3<12
38'8
3<1'"

42'8
<10'4
451
43'1
""'5
459
45'B
49'6
53'0
56'4
52'2
"5'2
47'4
552
520
"7,0
43'4

29
28!
26
28
25
24!
2<1
2<1
22
20
2"
28
27
24
23
29
26i23
22
25

",."
"9'2
"5'6

26
22!
27
20
24
24
23

R.....
(%)
(Z)

Izod
ft.lb.

n
7"

H
"9
<10
76
91

'"
94
76

68

5<1
63
57!

92

58
85
36
51

56
58

57
55
57

""""

59
59
59

33
32
37
65
73
57
81
79
91

'"

66

6li58

73
70
60
49
"3
"2

Ref.

..
......
..
7

2
9

...
..

....

..
..
..
3

6
7

..
..

.
...
..
..
..
..

..
..

h'
ti-

:J

:J

:J

"'

V'l

!!..

"i
::J"'.,

ciQ'

:J

..e.

10
7

..
..
3

...
7

-"

::I

U'I

U'I

~
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Process
of Manufacture

ASTM
Grain
Size

Mn

$I

Ni

Cr

Mo

Section
Size
dia

Heat Treatment

(in.)
037
0'37
0'37
0'37
0'37
0'37

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

...

...

B.O.H.
B.O.H.

0'19
025
0'17
017
0'18
0'18

...

..

0'37
0'37

..

0'17
0'16

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

0'37
0'37
0'37
037

0'16
0'15
0'104
0'15

..

B.O.H.

..

2-4

....
..
2

..
..

..
..

7-8

..
...

..

0'37
D-37
037

..

....
..
..
...
....
.

037

..

..
..
....
...

0'24

..

1'50
1'30
1-52
1'56
1'58
1'53

...

1'42
1'50

00049
0'032
0'039
0'038
0'033

..
..

oon
0'030
0035
0033
0030

..
..
..

2 sq.
2i sq.
0'17
0'23
0'19
0'19

..
..

0'036
0'035

..

0'028
0033

1'29
1'14
1'24
1'24

0'032
0'0304
0'037
0033

0035
0023
0'026
0'032

0,15
0'15
0'21
0,24

1'047
1'56
1'38

0'036

0'038

018
0'18

..

..

..

...
..
..
..

..

1-53

....

..
....

Ii
1t
1 i sq.
i
H..
i

0'18
0'19

i sq.

..

..

007
0'05

002

i
11
2 i sq.
1 i sq.
if
i he"
11
Ii

6sq.
4 sq' (e)
"
(0)
(e)
(0)
(e)
(0)
004204

..
..

..

0'027

....
..
..
..
..

..
..
....
..
...

0'020

..
..
....
..

0'13

...

..
..
......
..
..

0'03

..
...
....
..
..

003

...

....
....
..
..
..

0'2% 0'5%
0'1%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'1R p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

31'5
042'7
35'6
3704
37'2
0428
35'2
5004
]04'6
04904
36.04
32'2
29'6
3604
45'0
35'6
38,9
38'0
26'2
26'04
31'2
32'0
]04'6
37'0

..
.
....

....
..
.
.

..

T.6oo

..

...

T.610
T.600

....

..

T.620
T.610

..

..

N.875 OQ.850 T.600

OQ.840 T.630
N.840 T.6oo

.. ..
.. ..

OQ.840 T.600

. .
..
.....
...

WQ.840 T.600
OQ.850 T.250
T.3oo
T.3SO
T.o4OO
T.04SO
T.500
T.550
T.600

T.S.
(R m )

Tons/sq.in.

N.850
OQ.850 T.600
OQ.860 T.620

..

Y.P.
(1\)

96S
96'2
76'9
83-6
71'2
629
585
489

1009
979
82'9

80404
71'04
63'1
587
0490

106'7
100'7
87'2
85'9
71-7
63-3
58'9
049'1

0478
504'5
04804
0486
048'8
5104
0476
58'0
048'2
57'2
048'04
047'2
043'8
048'0
55'0
50'2
5204
487
43'6
046'0
047'2
048'5
049'2
51'1
12104
11004
923
91'6
77'2
68'04
6045
504'6

EI

(%)
(A)

ni
n
204
23
23
25
26
n
25
23
23
23
27
27
23
25
21 i
2H
28i
27i
26
25
204
23i
1H
1H
13i
16
17i
25i
2H
2H

R.A.
(%)

lzod
ft. lb.

Ref.

89

3
10
7

(Z)

52

....

58
59
57
59
59
59
59
43i
47
39i
56i
53
65
604
66i

59
51
7S
38
37
47
51
36
26
81
91
12
66
52
73

28

....

29
45
045
59
12
9
6
9

....

58
63
79

..
.
..
.
.

..
....
..

..
..
6
9
1

..
....
..
...
..
..
..

11

..

C\l

::l.

CD'

.........'"
Q

C\l

;:0
"'in'

::I

a.
~

::I

'"C\l~

iii

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process of

Manufacture

ASTM
Grain

7-8

..
.....

..

....
..

...
..
....
..

..
..

..

B.O.H.
B.O.H.

.
.

Size

0'37

..
..
..
..
..

..

..
..

..
..
..
..
....
..

Si

0'24

..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..

Mn

1-53

..
..
..
..

..

..
..
..
..
..
..

..

..
..

..
..

..
..
..
....

037
0'37

0'21
0'11

1-70
1'58

.
.

0'027

..
..

..
..
..

oeno

..
..
....
..

..
..
..

..
....

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..

..

....

..

..
..
..
..
..

Ni

013

....
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..

..

0'20

0'38
0'38

..

0'12
0'16

..

1'38
1'50

0030
0'039

0032
0032

0'17
017

0'38
0'38
0'38
0'38
0'38
0'38
0-38
0'38

0'16
0'17
0'17
0'17
0'16
0'17

..

0033
0'036
0'035
0'033
0'033
0'036

0030
0031
0'025
0'030
0'014
0'026

0'19
0'17
0'18
0'16
0'19
0'17

..

..

002

..

..

0037

..

..
..

Ii

....

..
..
..
..
..
..

....
..

..

..

..

..

..

2t

..
..
....
....

4sq. (H)
(0)

(H)

(0)

(H)

(0)

..

0026

....

....

1 ....

....

..

1 ....

....

1.
1 fsq.
i hex

Hi

..

006

..
..

2 sq.
1 i

..
..

-Ii

..

T.S.
(R m )

Tons/sq.in.

EI

(%)

(A)

R.A.

!zod
ft.lb.

(%)
(Z)

Ref.

788

85'2

2H

10

T.SOO
T.550
T.SOO
T.550
T.600

43'8
419
427
379
38'1

S5'2
52'7
53'6
523
-48'6

23
2st
24
2st
29

59
61t
61t
57

69
81
76

66

87

T.500
T.550
T.600

39'8
388
375

530
51--4
-483

27
27
30

61i
631

78
81
87

T.500
T.550
T.600
T.500

419
-404
35'3
-40'8
39'3
36'4
36'9
)-4'4
346

53'1
51'4
-48'7
518
51'8
510
504
47'6
-483

26
29
29
26t
27i
27
27
29
29

631
631
631
59
59
59

388
45'0

500
5-4'0

22
21

-46
50

39'6
37'6
420
500
-48'2
503
42'6
352
348
280
320
308
36
35
32
27

56'0
-488
520
58'2
57'0
595
568
500
47'6
428
-48'4
-46'4
5-4
53
49
47

20
22
25
22
22
25
23
24
27
34
24
24
22
23
26
29

49
5-4
79
58
58
50
52
58
78
53
-40

..7
...

31
41
57

12

..
..
......
...
..
..
..
..
..
...
......

..
..

T.550

T.600

..

OQ.860 T.620

0023

..
..
..

..
..
..
....

..i

Y.P.
(R s )

OQ.850 T.200

1 f sq.

..

..
..

....

0'56-1

In-

0024

B.O.H.
B.O.H.

..
..

..

'C

..

15-4

0'28

..

..

(in.)

OQ.860 T.600
T.620

..

....

..

....

....

Heat
Treatment

11
1t

017

A.O.H.

..
...
..
..

003

Section
Size
dia.

0'19
0'16

..

1'56
1'-48
1'26
1'12
1'25
1'26
1-40
1'20

0'03

Mo

0'033
0037

038

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

Cr

0'170
0168

B.O.H.

..

Tensile

..
..
..
..
..
..
....

..
..

..
..
...
..
..

T.580
T.610
T.600

N.850
OQ.820 T.-400
T.500
T.600
T.700

..
..

..

WQ
WQ
WQ
WQ

66

57

61t
631

61
63
67
6-1

n
n

79
68
69
71

71
73
73

11

...
....
..
..
....

..
..

..
....
..
....
..

---

~
ti-

::I

~
::I
~

en

VI

:;-

!!..

J:
~

.,
~

Bl
::I
~.

..
...
....
..

....
..

~
\AI

U"I

:::I

U"I

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)

Process of
Manufacture

ASTM

Grain

Size

Si

...

....
...
...
.

038

A.O.H.

..
..

..
....

..
....
....

....
..
....
..
....
....
....
..

B.O.H.

0'38

..
....
...

...
..

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

..

..

7-8

0'39
0'39
0'39

...
'

..
....
..
....

0'28

.
...
..

..
.....

.
....

..
....

0'10

016
0'18
0'16

...

Mn

....

1'20

..

..
..
....

....
....

..

..
..

..

..
..
..
..

1-56

1-53
1-55
1'-46

....

..
..
..

0026

..
..
....
....
..
....
..
....

..
..
..
..

....
..
..
..
....

0037

..

..
..
....
..
..
..

....

Ni

......
..
..
....

0,02

..
....
..
..
..
..

..

..

..
....

..
....
..
..

0'168

00-4-4

021

0028
00-40
0'032

...

0037
0'031
0026

..

..

020
0'21
017

..

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

0'39
0'39
0'39

0'18
0'18
0'15

1'56
1050
126

0027
0032
0033

0b31
0032
0032

020
0'19
0'21

B.O.H.
B.O.H.

039
0'39
0'39
0'39
0'39

015
0'15
022

1'19
1'26
1'27
1'41
15-4

0033
0037

0'030
0033

0'16
019

0'198

0033

B.O.H.

..

..

0'10

..

..

..

017

.....,
~

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Cr

..
....

006

..
..

Mo

Section
Size
dia.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

....
...

....

....
..
....
..
..
..
....

..
H
..

..
..
..

..
..

..
..

..
..

...

l-h

1 i sq.
",
t sq.

1 .....

.....

1"" sq.
1 i sq.
2 f sq.
1 i sq.
-4 sq.
3 sq.
2 f sq.

Y.P.
(Rs)

T.S.
(Rm)

Tons/sq.in.

OQ.820
.. T.100WQ
.. T.200
.. T.300
tt
T.4fOO
T.SOO
.. T.600
T.700

EI

R.A.

(A)

(Z)

(%)

(%)

32
3-4
35
36
36
35
31'S
28

5-4
5-4
5-4
55
5-4
53
50
-45

20
20t
21
21
22
23
26
26

-48
-49
50
51
52
55
61
67

T.-400 WQ
T.500
T.600 ..
T.700
T.400 ..
.. T.SOO
.. T.600
.. T.700

36
3-4
30
55
3-4
33'5
32
26

5-4
51
-47
-49
52
50'5
-4B
-43

21
2H
27
22
23
2-4
26
29

52
58
62
SO
53
55
60
65

T.300
T.-400
T.500
tI
T.600
.. T.6S0
OQ.860 T620

33'5
3-4
33'5
30
26
35'0

53
53
52
-4B
-45
-47'0

21
21
22
2S
27
26

-49
-49t
52
58
6-4

.
..

OQ.820
..
..
..
II

...
..

......
..
...
..
.

..
..
..
..
..

..
..

... ..
.. ..
..
... .
.. .
..

OQ.860 T.620
T.600

T.620
T.630
T.620
T.600

T.620
OQ.8SOT650
OQ.840 T.600
OQ.860 T.600

Izod
ft.lb.

2-4
2-4
25
2H
19
26
38
57
12

17
23
3-4
16
18
2-4
3-4
17
10
12
22
30
51

Ref.

.....
...
...

12

..
....

....
....
......
....

--39'6
-47'6
388
51'0
-420
-468
-47'5

32'2
33'0
32'0
31'S

560
56'6
52'2
58'6
5-4'0
55'2
56'-4
-47-4
51'8
-47'2
-47'6
....B
-46'6
-47'-4

20
22
23
23
21
22
23
26
2-4
23
26
27
2St
22

63

-49
33
28
39
-4B
62
6-4
-47
32
26
-4B
85
BS
-46

.....
7

..
..
...
..
..
..
3
9
7

."

-i
~

ii'

'"

........o
~

til

.,CI:J
;:0

in'

VI

:s

a.

m
:s

'";til

in'"

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Compolition (%)

Process 01

Manufacture

..

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

..

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

..
B.O.H.
..
B.O.H.

A5TM

Grain

5ize

5i

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Section
Size
dia.

H.at
Treatment

(in.)

017

1'54

0038

..

0030

..

OQ.860 T.620

O'ol()
Ool()
Ool()
O'ol()

0'18

0'17
0'15
0'16
016
017
016

1-50
,...5
,...7

0031
0025
0035
0033
0038
0030

0'030
0'027
0027
0032
0'032
0'025

0'17
0'16
0'21
0'25
O'lB
0'19

1t

T.6ofO
T.630
T.620
T.630

0'028
00<48
0036

0'20

(H(l

..

0'..0

Ool()
Ool()
o-ol()

"

..

..

0'17
0'25
007

..

..

1''''
154
1'22

..

1'28
130
159

..
..

..

0'0<4<4
0'025
O'ln

..
..

..

..
..

..

..

021

..

Ool()

009

..

1'..9

0'166

0026

0'15

Ool()

0'11

1'60

0'180

033

0'21

hz..

1'"
1 t sq.
*

1*1<1.
Billet
1 thex

H!
Ii
1!
Ii

..
..
....

..
....
..

..

..

..

T.625
T.630
T.6OO

..
..
..

OQ.85O
OQ.860 T.620

....
..
..

Y.P.
(Rs )

T.5.
(R m )

Tons/sq.in.

Ool()

..

Tenlil.

..

T.610

..32
<420
3.. ..
356
3..0
"',8
..32
SO'O
36'"
32'"
..27
35-6
368
380
3..8
..2'0

540
53'"

",

...

..76
<476
560
52'"
57'6
..90
~6'2

5..5
.fB6
SO'O
51'8
492
526

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.

\%)

Izod
It.lb.

C"'\
ReI.

ti-

Z)

23
22
26
27
2..
22
2..
21
25
27
22
23
23
21
24
22

35
ol()
50

58
6B
65
63
67
69
89
51
53
.fB
53
..7

..
7

..
..

....
..
....
..
10
7

..

..
..

..

O'Q
Q

III

'"

III

VI
,...

III

!!..

~
III

.,

;at
~

""'a-u.

::s

U 'I

En 15
266

Properties

of the British Standard En steels

EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Si

Mn

034

020

1-58

0041 0041

Ni

Cr

Mo

011

003

003

Acid Open Hearth

(Ref. 3)
Bars H' dla. Water Quenched 860C

Bars 1..' dla. Oil Quenched 860C

qO

,.---...,...----,---...,...---,---"-T"-----,

80

t===;===-.........t:-----t---+------t---1--1

VIIO

qO

IlO

70 t---t-:::::==;\;;:::=-----t----->O"~c-i---t_,-l
'70
bO

1----+----4----+--~-t_~--;}.q-_+_-

.D

.t

be

8-

50

.
0

....

~ t-...

40

.t

I----+---+----t-----t--j'--+-----i
.~

30

20 ~--+--_+---t_--+f-""7'"9--__j

20

10
100

200

300

~OO

r.mper;"q
FiC' 15.10

500
temperature

bOO
0

700

Reduction of
"00.

...ile lIrenqlh.

! ~ ""-

j,!

30

~I

1;

.~

><~/ ~
.--'

L
V
-

0 ) 0 Proof ,trell

/'

~ Elonqotion.
700

bOO

500
Temperinq

c.
FiC. 15.11

temp"",'ure

e.

En IS
Carbon-Manganese Steel (Higher Tensile)

267

EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON THE RANGE OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM

TEMPERATURE

1. in. dia bars 011 Quenched and tempered as indicated

70
of

bO

8-

i
...~

1----+~~~"'--;.L--;?L.;r'--7i:::.=.-""-===----t_--__t

~o

~o

.It

.t

...

30

Yield
rtren .

20

bO

~O

.~

Tensile
.""",th.

~O

30

.t
D

Icoqation

...

20

000

~O

T_rinq

temp!rotur~

700
o

C.

Fie .15.12

These curves have been constructed from results obtained on several casts of En 1S.

En 15
268

Properties of the British Standard En steels

EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

0
Normalized from 860 C
(Ref. 3)
011 Quenched 860C Tempered 600C AC
70

80

&0

70
ReducI ion

f or.o.

.::

T.n,il. ltr.no/h.

t...

40

f~

.t

..............
30

..............

..........

20

...........

50

&0

..........

50

..........

05 %Proof ,treu.
0"

r---

%Proof'

...
'"

.~ 40

,'r.lI.

I-............

"

EIooqotion.

Re~dion

of .......

~~r---

0..

""'"-

I'--

30

F:::::::

lod.

05 % Pr~of tr....

Io.f9& Proo

,.ren.

Elonoo/ion.

20

l.nA.

Section
2

Section

Ten,ile

t--

10

size

(Ref. 3)

lize

Fil. 15.14

&

(in)

Fi l15.13

(Ref. 3)

Oil Quenched 860C Tempered 650C AC

80

.........

70

..............

bo

--

. 50

1;

.s

-..2

.....

.....::

40

0-

'"

30

~
i'-r----

t--.

R.~clion of or.n.

--- ~

Tensile

--

~ """""-

slr.nqlh.

05% Proof .Ir....

o 1% Prrf

,'r.".

Elonqation.

20

Section

size

FII 15.15

Qn)

&

(in)

&

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURE

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Process of ASTM
Manufac- Grain
ture
Size

....

B.E.A.

....
..
..
..

6-8

7-8

..
..

037

..

037

..
..
....

0'39

Mn

Si

..
..
..

..
..
...
..
..
..

0'20

1'44

0'24

1'53

..
..

....

011

1'12

....

0015

....
..
....

0018

..

0020

0035

..

0027

..
..
..

Ni

0'16

..
..
..
..

.,

Cr

Mo

Section
Size dia.

Heat Treatment

(in.)

'C

..

..

..

..
.... ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.... ....

..

0'11

0'16

OQ.850 T.600

1i

OQ.850 T.500

..
..
..

0'13

..
..
t

0025

..

Y.P.
Test Temp. 001%
P.S.
(Ra)
(O'OIR p )

sq.

OQ.860T.650 WQ

EI
(%)
(A)

T.S.
(Rm )

'C

Tons/sq.in.

R.T.
-65
-195
+ 19
0
-20
--40
18
-70
-196

35'6
43'5

460
S3
74'5
53'6

427

465
$4'0

30'5
35'2
665

n'9

R.A.
(%)

(Z)

4yA"

50

28
28
27
24

nt
23
21t

65
61
60
6H

65
60t

28
32
6

st

I'ad
fdb.

Ref.

...
..
...

13

87
79
78

11

..
..

14

n
Q

ti-

:::I

:::I

:::I
Cl>

en
Cl>

VI
....

1!.
~
oq

.,

Cl>

;;l

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

:::I

Chemical Composition (%)

ASTM
Grain
Size

Si

Mn

Ni

..
..
..
..

0'04

..8
..

..
....

..
..
.
..
..

040

..
....
..
..

0'21

..
..
....
..

1-70

....

0031

....

0018

...
.....

Section
Size

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

'C

..
..

t xH

....

.....
...

OQ.845 T.ln
T.204
T.316
T.427
T.538
T.649

Charpy V Noech
80% Max Energy
Transition Temperature

+ 32'C
+ 43'C
+ 121'C

I'C
- 29'C
- 62'C

Ref.

..
...
....

15

-D

:I

U'I

En 15
270

Properties

of

the British Standard n steels

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA (continued)

-------------Chemical Composition (%)

C

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

0,37

0,21

1...

0015

0018

0,16

0'16

0'11

Basic Electric Arc

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6-8 (ASTM)
Bars H' dia Oil Quenched 8SQoC Tempered 6SQoC
(Ref. 4)
100

.-------,-------.-----,.------,=-...
Fibrous
fracture.

,;

:;
t

,g

75

~
..::

...

50

.e

...
...
-'

~.

25

-20
Temperature

of

Fie. 15.16

+20

t~,t

+40

En 15
Carbon-Manganese Steel (Higher Tensile)

271

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'37

021

1+4

0015

0018

0'16

0'16

0'11

Basic Electric Arc

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6-8 (ASTM)
1.' dia bars Oil Quenched SSooC Tempered 600C
(RefA)
qO ,...---.......- - - - - r - - - . , . - - -.......- - - - , r - - - -...
Roducli"" of

-I-_ _-+__-A~o~
..!.!!o,;....- I

80

1-_ _--I-_ _-4

70

1-----1----4----1----71'---1----1

Recb:lion

of areo

bO 1 - - - - r - - - - - - r - - - - I - - - - 1 - - - - - i I - - - - I

a-

50

i.
40 1------;:,-+.o-:;-;--!---...,:::".-k,----1----f----i

.~

Jt
~ 201----+---1---+---+--...::::::..+-----1

100

200

400

300

Tompololuro

of

FiC. 15.17

,.. t

't.

500

bOO

::I

ij

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)
Process of

ASTM
Grain

Manufacture

....
.....

...

B.E.A.

Si

Size

6-8

.
,
...
..

037

....
..

...

..
....

0-21

o.

...

Mn

Ni

....
..
...

0018

0015

1'44

...

..

Tensile

Cr

..
..
....
..

Mo

016

Heat
C

....

OQ.850 T.600

1i

...
...

..
..
..

......
....

..

0'11

0'1%
0'2%
O'S%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'1R p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p )

Test
Temp

Treatment

I (in.)

...

..
..
....
..

016

Section
Size
dia.

..
....

4YA

Tons/sq.;n.

R.T.
100
200
300
400
500

T.S.
(R s )

37
)4'5
317
28'5
24'5
20

37'2
355
33
30
26

385
37
)4,5
32
28'2
24

22

47'5
46
44'2
395
34
28

EI
(%)
(A)

I
R.A.
(%)
(Z)

SO

22
22t
23

26
27
27i
29
31t
3S

Ref.

..
....
4

67+
66

64
64t

24
25
27

70
42t

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN TORSION

Chemical Composition (%)
Process of
Manufacture

Si

Mn

Ni

C.

Size
dia.

Mo

(in.)
B.E.A.

6-8

0'37

0'21

1'44

0'01S 0'018

0'16

<ll

Tensile
Section

ASTM
Grain
Size

0'16

0'1'

E.L

Heat
Treatment

C
OQ.8S0 T.600

Tons/sq.in.
35'6

31'0

Torsion

T.S.
(R m )

Y.P.
(Rs )

46'0

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)
(Z)

Appa
rent
E.L.

Probable
Max
Shea.
Stress

Apparent
Max
Shea.

I
I

Ref.

21'4

6S

26'6

Si

Mn

0'38

035

1'68

0'025

036

019

1-38

0'28

..

..
168
..

0'032

..

0'38

0'20

1'39

0'033

.
..

0')2

..

..
..
..

0'022

C;;.
;:,-

354

Cr

0020

..
0023
..

Treatment

Test
Temp

(in.)

..
..
t

4 sq.

0038

0015

dia.

..

0'16

017

30mm

In-

(I) Specimen 0290" 0.0. 60 V notch 0035" deep. Root radius 0'015", Kt = 2'2
(2) Spedmen 8 mm 0.0. 6QOV notch 005 mm deep. Root radius O' I mm.
(3) Test diameter 1" with fillet radius .".

Heat

N.900 T.6S0
WQ.843 T.650
N.830
OQ.830 T.6S0
WQ.780 T.480 AC

..
-

..
-

R.T.
R.T.
R.T.
R.T
R.T.
-78
R.T.

Vi

:::J

IT1

Tensile

Ni

<ll

Cl.

Chemical Composition (%)

;:,-

....
;:;

Tons/sq.in.
28

if
o
......
...
."

Stress

FATIGUE PROPERTIES
Section
Size

.g
.......

0'2%
P.S.
(0'2R p)

Y.P.
(R s )

T.S.
(R m)

:::J

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
: %)

(Z)

Tons/sq.in.

550

25'4
477
264
27'6

61'8

Rotatine Bend Fatigue

Limit '07.ev
Tons/sq.in.
Plain

45-5
54'1
45'1
43'1
61'8
70'0
48

23t
22t

26
28
17+
19

60
61
57
64
59
57

26-2
30'S
20'S
21'0
27-9
298
17'0 3

Ref.

Notched
14'7 1
16'2 1
8'3 2
8'3 2

..

16

.I
..

17
18

...'"
<ll

11l

c;;-

'"

En 15
"40" Carbon-Manganese Steel (Higher Tensile)

273

LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Private correspondence With The United Steel Companies Limited.
2. Private correspondence With Firth-Brown Limited.
3. Private conespondence with English Steel Corporation Limited.
4. Private correspondence with Jessop-Saville Limited.
S. Atlas of isothermal transformation diagrams of the B.S. En Steels, Iron & Steel Institute Special Report No. 56, 1956.
6. Symposium on the Hardenability of Steel. Organized by The Technical Advisory Committee of The Special and
Alloy Steels Committee. (Ministry of Supply) and The Iron and Steel Institute. I.S.1. Special Report No. 36, 1946.
7. Private correspondence with The Park Gate Iron and Steel Co., Limited.
8. H.H. Abram, The value of Young's Modulus for steel, J. Iron & Steel Inst. No.1 Vol. 129, p. 325. 1934.

9. British Standard 971, Commentary on British Standard Wrought Steels En Series. British Standards Institution London, 1950.
10. Private correspondence with The Round Oak Steel Works Limited.
11. R.Wilcock, Effect of boron on the mechanical properties of low alloy steel, J. Iron & Steellnst. Vol. 173, pt. 4, April,
1953.
12. Private correspondence with Edgar Allen & Co., Limited.
13. British Iron & Steel Research Association unpublished data.
14. War Office unpublished report.
15. J.P. Sheehan and H. Schwartzbart, Impact properties of quenched and tempered alloy steels, Proc. Am. Soc. (or
Testing Materials, Vol 56, pp. 483 -517. 1956.
16. E. B. Evans, L. J. Ebert and C.W. Briggs. Fatigue properties of comparable cast and wrought steels, Proc. Am.
Soc. for Testing Materials, Vol. 56, p. 979. 1956.
17. A. Pomp and M. Hempel. Fatigue strength and notch coefficient of unalloyed and alloy constructional steels
at +20 and -78C. Arch. fur das Eisenhuttenwesen, Vol. 21, p. 53. Jan/Feb 1950.
18. Private correspondence with The Motor Industries Research Association.

En 16

MANGANESE-MOLYBDENUM STEEL
SPECIFICATION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)

En
En
En
En
En
En

16
16A
16B
16C
16D
16M

5i

Mn

0'30-0'<\0
025-0'30
0'30-035
0'35-040
0'25-0'35
0'30-0<\0

0'10-0'35
0'10-0'35
0'10-0'35
0'10-035
0'10-0'35
0'25 max

1'30-1'80
1-30-1'80
1-30-1'80
1-30-1'80
1-30-1'80
1-30-1'80

0050 max
0'050 max
0050 max
0050 max
0'050 max
0'12-0'20

P
0'050
0050
0'050
0050
0'050
0'050

Mo
max
max
max
max
max
max

Remarks

020-035
0'20 0'35
020-0'35
0'20-0'35
0'20-0'35
0'20-035

1
1
1
2
3

Remarks
1. 5upplied to compOSItIon on Iy.
2. For small ru ling sections or when the steel is to be hardened in water after agreement between purchaser and manufacturer,
When En 16D is to be water quenched this shall be stated on the order and test bars shall be similarly heat treated.
3. If required mechanical properties shall be agreed between purchaser and manufacturer.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Hardened and Tempered Condition

Property

1. .
u

Limiting ruling section. in.

6
04
2t
Tensile strength, Tons/sq.in., min. (R m )
45
50
55
60
65
H
38
0404
048
52
Yield stress, 1 Tons/sq.in., min. (Rs)
0'2% Proof5tress,ITons/sq.in., min. (0'2R p)
32
36
041
046
50
18
17
16
Elongation, per cent min. (A)
22
20
<\0
<\0
<\0
35
35
Izod impact. ft-Ib, min.
201/255 223/2n 2048/302 269/321293/3041
Brinell-hardness number'

Remarks
1. Not to be used as acceptance tesu except by special arrangement between purchaser and manufacturer.
2. When specifically requested in enquiry or order,
3. For information purposes only. Not contractual part of the specification.

RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
En No.
B.5. Air 5pecification

En 16

En 16 A

En 16B

En 16 C

En 16 D

5114

5114

5114

5114

5114

En 16
Manganese-Molybdenum
Steel
--!...-

_ _~C-.-

---------- -

275

----~~----

APPLICATIONS
For use in parts requiring a tensile strength of up to about 55 Tons/sq.in. in medium sections and about 65 Tons/sq.!n. in
sectons up to i dia, and where good shock resistance is desired. The steel is also suitable for low temperature applicatioins.
Typical uses are; Motor car crankshafts, connecting rods, axle shafts and other vehicle parts. High tensile bolts and nuts
gun parts, motor cycle crankshafts, connecting rods. Rear hub spindles, gear selector parts, klckstarter spindles,locomotiv
couplings etc.

WELDING
(see Introduction for key to symbols used in this table)
Weldin, Proce..

En 16

MA.

G.

I.G.

S.

F.

ex

B.

ReproduGed by kind permission of H.M.S.a.

MACHINABILITY
When hardened and tempered to 50-60 Tons/sq.ln. the machinability of this steel Is approximately 50% that of mild
steel (En. 3), when heat treated to 60-70 Tons/sq.in. the machinability is approximately 40% that of mild steel. En. 16M
is a special free machining quality with sulphur addition to aid machinability. This steel has a machinability when heat
treated to 50-60 Tons/sq.in. very similar to that for mild steel (En. 3) and when treated to 60-70 Tons/sq.in. the machinability is approximately 80% that of mild steel.

HOT WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES

Forging, roiling and stamping
Annealing
Normalizing
Subcritlcal annealing
Hardening
Tempering
When ordered to En 160.

1200 finish
830-860oC
830-860oC
640-660C
830-860oC
550-6600C

above 900C
Furnace cool
Air cool
Air cool
011 orWater* quenched
Air cool

En 16
276

Properties of the British Standard En steels

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (d)
Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

035
0'36

0'18
0'24

1'56
1'47

Ni

0032 0025
0'039 0'029

0'11

Cr

Mo

0'26
0'26

0'16

Heat
Treatment

Specific Gravity
It 20"C

Ref.

C
OQ.845 T.600
OQ.850 T.650

7'85
7'82

SPECIFIC HEAT (c)

Mean Specific Heat. Cil/c dec C

Chemical Composition (%)

C

5i

Mn

036

0'24

1'47

Ni

Cr

0'11

0'16

0'039 0'029

Heat
Treltment

Mo

0'26\ OQ.850 T.650

20to 20to 20to 20to 20to 20to

200'C 300'C 400'C 400'C 600'C 650'C

I 0'110

Ref.

0'117 0'124 0'131 0'138 0'14211

MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION (a)

10'x Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion per dec C

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Si

Mn

0'35
0'36

0'18
0'24

1'56
1'47

0032 0025
0'039 0'029
Not stated

Ni

0'11

Cr

Mo

0'26
0'26

0'16

Heat
Treatment
C

OQ.845 T.600
OQ.850 T.650

20to
20to
20to
20to
20to 20to
20to
2Oto
l00'C 200'C 300C 400'C 500'C 600'C 650'C 680'C
124
12-3
129

13'2
12'8

13'8
13-35
138

141
13'8

144
14-3
14'4

14'8
14'8

15'0

148

Ref.

..1
2

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (e)

Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

0'35
0'36

0'18
024

1-56
1'47

0032 0025
0'039 0'029

Ni

--

0'11

Cr

016

Mo
0'26
0'26

Helt
Treltment
C
OQ.845 T.600
OQ.850 T.650

Electrical Resistivity, microhm cm

20C 1OOC 2OOC 3OOC 4OOC 5OO'C 6OQC 6SQC
25'4
21'6

30'7
26'4

37'6
33-3

48'8
41'3

602
52'0

730
630

885
77-3

843

Ref.

..
1

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (k)

Chemical Compolition (%)

C

Si

Hn

0'36

0'204

1'47

0039 0'029

Heat
Treatment

Ni

C.

Ho

0'11

0'16

0'261 OQ.850 T.650

The.malConductivity, Col/em s del C

100

200

'c

0'115

300
C

0'109 0'101

-400
'C

500
C

I Ref.

600
'C

0094 0088

0081

YOUNG'S MODULUS (E), SHEAR MODULUS (G) POISSON'S RATIO (a)

5i

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

....
..
..
..
....

018

0'36

02..

0'35

Hn

..

1-56

..
..
..
..

..
..
1"17

....
..
..
..
..

..
..
..

0032 0025

..

....
....

0039 0'029

Ni

Cr

011

1""'_"
I

Chemical Compolition (%)

0'16

Ho

....

0'26

..
..
..
..

0'26

Heat
T.eatment

Test
Tempenture

'C

'C

..
..
....

..
....
.... ......
.. ..

OQ.lH5 T.6OO

OQ.845 T.580

YOUnl'1 Hodulus
Tonl/sq.;n.
Static

20
100
200
300
-400
500
600
650
R.T,

13,800

,,_Moo"'",
Tonl/lq.in.

Ratio

Ref.

OQ

Dynamic.

til

..
..
..
..
..
....

13,600
13.3SO
12.900
12."50
12.000
11.300
10.5SO
10.0SO

02n

5.-400

~
~
~
c:

...

V\
til

!!..

Vibration method of determination.

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Chemical Composition (%)
C
0'36

Si

Hn

0'2..

1'47

0039 0029

Halnetic Induction B (Iaul.) fo. Halnetizin, Field of H (oe.sted) =

Heat
Treatment

Ni

C.

Ho

011

016

0'261

'C
OQ.850 T.580

H = 10
11.000

20

'!O

60

100

ISO

200

250

-400

600

800

8.200

1'1.200

15,600

17.000

17,800

18.-400

18.800

19.600

20.100

20.700

Coercive
Remanence
Force
B,em
He
(Iauss)
(oersted)

16

15.000

Ref.

I ..
~

0-

En 16
278

Properties of the British Standard En steels

TRANSFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS
ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION
Chemica' Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

033

0'18

H8

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'028 0028 0'26

0'16

0'27

Basic Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 5-6 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 7-8 (ASTM)
Previous Treatment - hot rolled to j ' dia.
Cold Drawn to 11 S.W.G. With intermediate
annealing at 600C. Rolled to tape 003' xO'1 '
Austenitized at 845C for 30 min.

(Ref. 5.)

qoo

'---

. --

-- -- f---

i- _

-- -

Ac ,1--- I-- . I- . f--- . -

700

bOO

V
( /'
~-

500

v~

V V

.- ----

~ -.-

~
L..- I-

--

f-- .:..~

=--

I-- I--

k
~~
...V(

j,...- V

"~ D~ "'r--... r-.......

...

1'-- .....
./

/'

/
"",-

I-- ~-

.- --I - -

i\ i\ \ 1\
\\1\\\ '\
.- '-OIO-~ ~-~'lc~- -

[\

Ms~ 1 - -

---:: ~- ~

l)

1-/

'{

400

. - f- - - . - --

e-- - ~ -

1-

1--

1--

Tranlformotion%

300

200

100
I
SIC

10

20

40 I

10

20

40 I
Hr.

Min.

Duration of isothermal treatment.

Fie. 16.1

10201
Day

En 16
279

Manganese-Molybdenum Steel
CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION DIAGRAMS

Oil Quenched (rom 845C

(Ref. 1)
'100

800

----Ac

3
f----Ac,

Au,'~nitt

700

bOO

"
~

SOO

h~

Q.

JS90200

Mf 100

'lO 9'0

Boinilt'

~nd.

//I1/ I(

~OO

5'.-,

'0 'l&
so 0/0

"II

LJ

Axial po.n. 0

'I

10

Mid rodiol--....L---'----:---..J4------!---..J~---7'----.J.&---'I'----1.J..0

N,.

.I.<Ioa''--_--L-_...l-_...l-_-l.._-L._......L.'_-L._...l-_-L_......L._----'_-L_...J.....---l

3
~
b
7
8
'I
10
Bor diolnot.r- equiyoient coolinq rotc. -inchai.

II

13

12

I~

700

bOO

>-

SOO

:I:

~OO

300

r--..

AI quonch.d.

\ V/

~~

T 550" C.
T bOOo C.
/TbSO C.

~'< ~

200
100

Hordnt'u

of'.,

FiC. 16.2

Iroru(ormatcn.

'I

10

En 16
280

Properties of the British Standard En steels

CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION

(continued)
Water Quenched from 845C

(Ref. 1)
'100

&00

I.e},

1--"'1.

AUJltnite

700

bOO

1#
h~
'/

SOO

'10%
End

-111

300

/1
"I

Marl.n.ill

MI
100

A.iol pain.

sn~n

llA

400

200

Bainil'.

l/

o
b

Mid radial.
Nr,

jUt

'1

foct.

b
Bot

700

400

'\

300

SOO

'1

coolinq

10

to' I'

II
-

12

13

10
14

11

IS

Ib

12
17

(i n. )

/1..

boo

'\.

diom,'., - I'quivale.nf

'1

&

10

qu.neh.d
/ TSSOoC

V/~, ~~ ..

)\V/

200
100

b
HOldoeu

ottt,

FiC. 16.3

transformation..

'1

10

En 16
Manganese-Molybdenum Steel

281

CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION

(continued)

Air cooled from 845C

(Ref. 1)
qoo

8004

Aust.,.i .

f--A<

3.

,._..

A<

41-- 1.

700

bOO

1"""-:

/
.-/

~
/

For.il.

30-t>.

.);JQQ:

'6.

~S%.

Srl v....

1QO"'-.

An rVte.

SOO

~S

I:~:
Ie

End.

,.

M.

1'410

MSO
0

200

Mf ~

b
Bar

diomtf" -

.quiyolt>nt coolinq

~OO

:>-

10

10

rott -(in)

300

~S~~..

../

."

<;

::z:

200

100

Ho r~il,n

Fie.

ofr.,
16.~

Iranrfonnolion

En 16
Properties of the British Standard En steels

282

HARDENABILITY
END QUENCH HARDENABILITY DATA
Chemical CompOiltion ("10)

Si

0'33

0'18

Mn

Ni

0028 148 0'028 0'26

Cr

Mo

0'16

0'27

Basic Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 5-6 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 7 -8 (ASTM)
End Quenched from 845C
(Ref. 5.)
800

700

....

~oo

;; 400

o
:I:

300
200

02

'"

04

~
;

:---

08

Ob
Di,tance

10

from

12

quench~d

14

~nd

Ib

18

2'0

2'2

24

of jominy bar (in)

Fie. 16.5

Chemical Composicion (%)

5i

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'36

024

1"47

0039 0029 0'11

0'16

026

Acid Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6 (ASTM)
End Quenched from 8500 C

700

(Ref. 7.)

-........ r--......

~
;;

:>:

400

.........

300
200

I,

r-,

o~

. 10

I2

Di,IQrIc'

1'0
14

10

from

18

20

22

24

qUtllchtd .nd of bar (in)

FiJ. 16.6

I, 2e

1'5
20

28

30

'neil"32 Six'.... 1hl

En 16
Manganese-Molybdenum Steel

283

END QUENCH HARDENABILITY BAND

These curves have been constructed from results obtained on several casts of En.16
8U\"
7~

-....

~ uv

>

:I:

500

"",,:r-.,

I~

~'
~ ,~
~ ~~
.........
~ ~ I'........
r........"
......

"" f'...."
~

300
20

............

............

........

r........"
I

"

10

12

011'011(0

I~

10

'"

........

............ ...............

18

...............

" ~ I~
i'........
t---..

22

24

('G111 qUI.chld tnd of bar.

II

20

r............" ['.................

2b

28

30

32

34

3b

IllCho',
Si.,...,:,.

Q.)

Fie. 16.7

HARDNESS TRAVERSE CURVES

(Ref. 6)
bS 0

bo 0

JI

~dio.

"-VI

1\

"'- /

Chem iCII Compos idon (%)

C

Si

0'35 0'25

Mn

1'43

0'031

0030

Ni

023

Cr

0'20

Basic Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 7 -8 (ASTM)
Bars Oil Quenched from 850C

r------'

Mo

025

400

JSO

/
V

./

JOO

15

I dio.

10

2dio.

V
10

Fie 16.8

IS

En 16
Properties

284

of the British Standard En steels

HARDNESS TRAVERSE CURVES

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Si

Mn

0'36

024

1-47

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'039 0'029 0'11

0'16

0'26

Acid Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6 (ASTM)
Bars Oil Quenched from 850C
(Ref .7.)

bO()~----+---+-----.-+-+-j~-,"--,,~.!l'-----1-----l

o 5001----+----\+----t--1-f------Hr.---t----j
...,
..........

>

J:

JOO~--_1_---I__-----==t=---+---+-----1

J'

2'

'"

c
Diitonce from cent!'!' (in)

Fie. 16.9

J"

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Chemic.1 Composition (%)
Process of
Manufactu re

ASTH
Grain
Size

Si

Hn

Ni

Cr

Ho

Section
Size
di.

Tensile
0'05% 0'1%
05%
0'2%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p ) (0'1 Rp ) (0'2R p) (0'5R p )

Heat Treat..ent

(in.)

Y.P.
(R s )

T.S.
(Rm )

EI
1%)
A)

R.A.
(%)

Izod
ft. lb.

(z)

ReI.

Tons/sq.in.

A.O.H.

0'26 0'19

1'63

0'035

OlHO

0'11

007

0'26

Ii

OQ.850 T.620

Sl'O

24

66

&4

B.E.A.

028 0'2S

1'59

0012 0'025

028

005

024

OQ.&45 T.59O

51'2

588

22

60t

89

0'30

160

0'22

11

WQ.850 T.590 WQ

52'2

58'2

22

58

80

..

1'68

..

0'35

1-57
1'63
1'49

0'31
0'37
022

62'4
39'6
39'0
56'4
47'5
429

660
49'0
478
595
64'6
548
500

21
27
28
20
20
21+
2H

66
62
62
66
68

40'5
400

50'1
468

25
26

64
68

90
95

..

(e)
(0)
(e)
(0)

39'1
41'6
392
39'0

48'4
49'8
45'0
470

24
23i
25t
25

64
64
66
66

89
86
102
92

..

(C)
(0)

38'0
38'6
369
3"2

472
478
47'5
46'5

23t
2H
25
25

62
62
62
62

90
86
100
88

(0)

43'4
36'6
400
370
34'5

488
50'5
48'8
49'6
49'3

Hi
21i
lit
15
24

22
40
18
24
50

47
57
18
23
28

....
....

54'B
57'8
46'6
54'6
47'8

604
63'6
53'6
59'6
55'0

21
21
24
21 t
22

59

66
67
&4
81
90

420

..

-0'30

..7

..
....

..

..
..

..
..
..
..
..

.....
.
8

0-30
0-30 0'20
0'30

..
..
..
..
....
....

..
..

..
..

..
.....

0'30

..
..

..

..

..
....
..

..
..
..

..

..
..
..

150

..

0'16

004

..

..
..

..

..
..

..
..
..

..
..
..

..

025

..

..
..
..

171
180
148
1-74
155

032
0'31
029
031
0'28

..

Ii

..

..
..*
....

2 t sq

..
..

sq

4 sq

..

..
....

4i

6 sq

..
..
..
..

OQ.8S0 T.600
T.660

..

T.600
OQ.&40 T.550
T.600
T.650

....

..
..

50'8

..

....
..
..
....
....
..

T.600
T.650

..

T.600
T.650

OQ.&40 T.600

..

T.650

..
..
....

N.&40

(e)
(0)
(e)
(0)
(C)

(H)

52'0

53'4

..

61
60
78

..
..

60
89
97

..

..

..
..
..
..

..

....
..
......

3:
Q
:::J

OQ
Q

:::J

n>
en
n>

:;:::J

c:

...

V\

n>

!!...

....
...

-031
0-31
0-31
0'31
0'31
-------

2t

1.

Ii
11
H

WQ.8S0 T.600
OQ.8S0 T.610
T.670
T.620
T.600

..
..
..

WQ

62
60

....
3

...

U1

:J

0-

:s

0to-)

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

00

a-

(continued)
I

Chemical Composition (%)

Process of

Manufactu re,

ASTM
Grain
Size

..

B.E.A.

0'31
0'32
0'31
0'31
()on

SI

0'22
0'26
019

B.O.H.

033
0'33
()O33
0'33

A.O.H.

..

0'23

0'25
0'23

...

II.O.H.

..
..
..

B.O.H.

A.O.H.

..
..

Ni

0'30
0'31
0'36

Cr

023
",16
0'20

1'68
168
1'31
156
1'76
1'53
1'69

..
..

0035 0030

0030 0037
0022 0'032

I (in.)
I
0'23 I 2t
..
0'2-4

..
..
..
..
..

0'31

021

1'-40

0'30
03-4
0'27

0'23

0029

0'33

0'23

H8

0032

6-8

()o33

6-7

0'33

..

...

0'33

..,.
....

0'28

1-38

..

1-39

0'25

..
..
....
..
..
..

1-40

11
1i

..

0'09

006

0'022

..

..
0'18 0'3-4
003-4 0'16
.. .. .. ..
026
0'035 0'24
.. ..
....
.. ..
0039 0'24
0'26
..
.. ..

00046

0035

0'20

0'13

0'25

..

0'025

..

0'24

..

0'15

..

0'28

0033

1!
11

0'29
11
02-4 0'635 hex
0'26
2
034
1!

...
..
.. ..
. . ...
.. .. . . .. .. .. ..
..
..
..

..

024
0'3-4
0'28

030
0'26

1'58

031

\ Section
Size
Mo I dia.

..

..

0'33

0008 0'026
0006 0'025
0007 0010

1'61
1'70

0'33
0'33

..
..
..
..
..

1041
1-68
130
1'70
1'68

..

0'31
0'31
0'31

Mn

Tensile

..

....
..
..
....

0'21

11

2t

3
6
6

1!
11
H

tl

,.

it hex

1!

,.

24

..

q.

H
2
3
4
6

05%
0'05% 0'1%
0'2%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p) (O'lR p ) (0'2R p) (0'5R p )

Heat Treatment

T.S.
(R m)

046-4
-49'2
43'6
-4-46
476
426
41'2
460
436

55'2
56'-4
546
532
55-4
530
5104
5-40
540

23
22
23
22
2H
22
23
23
21

60t
58
59!
57
55
57
59
67

56'2

608
607
532
560
5-4-4
526
52'0
460
530
500
582
5-40
508
596
602
560
552
570
65'0
596
565
520
58'0
520
50'0
485
0469

20
21
2-4
21
23
22
261
22
22
20
23
20
21
23
22
22
22t
22
21
20
23t
2st
19!
2-4
23
21
22

56
62

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

(Z)

Izod
ft. lb.

Ref.

Tons/sq.in.

'C

..
..
..
....
..

Y.P.
(R s )

....

OQ.830 T.555 AC
T.580
T.555
OQ.850 T.580 WQ

.. ....
....

T.600
T.630
T.650
OQ.860 T.620

-45
83
66
89
42
59
-48
80
70

....
..
....
..

-WQ.86O T.610/620WQ
OQ.850 T.635 WQ
T.630
T.650 WQ
T.620
T.640
T.650
T.600
WQ.780 T.650 AC
T.640
OQ.860 T.610
T.620
T.615
T.620
T.620

..
..
..

..
......
..

....
..
....

...
..
...

..

OQ.8S0 T.600
T.56O
T.600
T.56O
WQ.850 T.650
OQ.8S0 T.650
T.600

..

...
....

....
....

54'5

55'0
046'0
-47'6
-45'6
-4-4'-4
-41'4
36'1
-430
-400
50'8
-42'4
38'-4
528
53'6
0180

58
54
59
50
45

57
59!
55
56

76
93
67
67
70
-40
50
47
25
76
65
39
64
65
75
68
87
71
31
75
86
57
85
9-4
83
68

3
3
10
3

....
....
..
....
..
...
.

1
~

~.

--.

...

::r-

til

.,\XI

;:;:

in'
::r-

~
Q

11

go.
.,Q.

ITl

..
....

12

..
.

...'"
~

CI>

til

;;;-

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%1
Process of

Manufacture

Tensile

ASTM
Grain
Size

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Section
Size
die.

Heat Treatment

(in.)

...
3

..
..

....
..
..
....
..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..3
..

..
..
..
..
....
..
....
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

033

..

0'33

..

..
..
..

0'33

..
..
....
..
.
..
..
..
3

..
....
......
..
..
..

0-34

..
..
..

,...0

..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..

..
....

..
..

..

..
..

,...2

..
..
..

HO

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

1'36

....

021

....
..
..

"...

...

....
.. ..
.. ..
.... 2..t sq
.. ..
.. .
.. ..
.. ..
.... 6hq(C)
..
.. .. (M)
(C)
0'21
.. 6 ..sq. (M)
.. ..
(0)

(0)

..
..
..

0'29

..
..
..

023

..
..
..
..

..
..

"..

..

..

..

..

....

....
..

..
..

..

OQ.&40 T.600

OQ.850 T.600
T.630

2i

OQ.&40 T.450
T.SOO
T.550
T.600
T.650
OQ.&40 T.650
T.650
T.650
T.650

....

..

2 sq.
2 t sq
3 sq
4 sq.(C)
(0)

..
..
..
..

T.S.
(Rm )

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

(Z)

Izod
ft. lb.

Ref.

695
65'5
592
530
747
706
595
542
474
459
452
610
571
500
42'1
380
38'6
40'3
380
368

82'6
74'0
705
658
600
819
75'9
65'0
59'6
585
559
5H
67'6
638
570
533
50'2
49'2
49'6
0482
048'3

15
18
20
20t
24
16
131
20 t
11
20
23
231
19
20t
21
17
21
11
18
11
11

550
500
44'0
43'0

640
600
55'0
$40

19
20
21
11

n'l

048
50
55
59
62
51
46

59
62
55
59
62
57
57
62
36
52
55
42
55
59

..1
....

16
30
42
55
66
12
37

..
..

..
....
....
..
..
....

46

68
11
70
81
52
58
71

...

13

21
35
24
38
71

..
..
..
..

64

12

..
.

64
50

3:
Cl

~:=3
~

I'D

ig
c:

VI

0:

!!...

,--- - -

..

..
..
..

Ii

..

....
....
..
..
..
..
..

..

Y.P.
(R s)

Tons /sq.;n.

OQ.&40 T.450
T.SOO
T.5S0
T.600
T.650
WQ.&40 T.450
T.550
T.600
T.650
OQ.&40 T.550
T.600
T.650
WQ.&40 T.550
T.600
T.650
OQ.&40 T.550

..

0'05% 0'1% 0'2% 0'5%

P.S.
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
(0'05R p) (O'IR p) (0'2Rp> (0'5R p)

..

73'4
71-6
64'4
608
47'2
459
440
450
40'4
41'7

788
744
699
66'0
538
555
53'2
529
502
520

15
1st
19t
21t
2H
llt
llt
llt
1st
20

52
52

57
62
64
59
59
57
44
52

18
35
45
55
78
70
34
2S
2S

15

...
..

..
..
. .
..
..

..

m
::::I

0-

0-

IV

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

00
00

(continued)
Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Process of

Manu acture

A.O.H.
B.E.A.
B.O.H.
B.E.A.
B.E.A.
B.E.A.

ASTM
Grain
Size

3-4

Section
Size

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

0030
0007
0'034
0005
0034
0'008

0'34
0'34

0'20

1'45
171

0'017 0'023

....
..

....
..
...
....

164
1'73

0'34
0'34
0'34

0'17
0'16
0'22

1'73
1'52
1-50

0'34

..

025

0'34

..

7-8

..

5-7

B.O.H.
B.E.A
I.E.A.
A.O.H.
B.E.A.

7-8
6-7
6-7

..

..

..

....
..
..
......

..

....
....
....
..

0039
0018
0'029
0030
0'030
0031

..

Ni

Cr

0'09

006

022
0'38
0'28
037

020
0'22
021
038

..

..

037
020
022
025
0'24
0'24

..

045

017

0'26

..

034

..

1-53

0032 0026

024

0'16

0'11

034

0'18

1'50

0170 0'041

0'16

0'16
0'26
0'22
0'33
0'30

1'47
1'62
1-51
1'48
140
1'61

0'035
0'016
0'015
0'035
0017

0'35
0-35
0'35
0-35
0'35
0-35

..
..
..

..
..
..

.. ..
.. ..
.. ..

0033 0'21
0026 048
0'023 029
0039 018
0034 0'38

..

..
..

..

..

..

..

.... I H..
....

0:~31

..

0'34
0.27

1i

..
..

1t

..

..

2'4

1t

1t

0'26

0'11
0'14
0'19
0'11
0'19

i
:;:
I
0'23
0'23 ,
0'24 \
0'30

sq

..
..
..
..
.....

T.5.
(R m )

...
....
..
..

..

~7'4

42'6

....

OQ.860 T.640 AC
T.660 WQ
T.600
T.610
OQ.850 T.600
T.56O
T.6oo
T.56O
OQ.860 T.6oo

500
39'0
42'0
48'0

..
..
..

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)
(Z)

Izod
ft. lb.

Ref.

58'8
45'2
45'6
50'4
48'4
540
48'0
48'7
484
504
370
74'4
70'6
67'6
564
6604
60'6

..
..
..

..
..

..

N.875
OQ.850 T.600
OQ.850 T.650 AC
T.530 AC
T.580 AC
T.580 AC
T.530 AC
T.580 AC
OQ.850 T.630 AC
WQ.850 T.630 WQ
OQ.850 T.615 WQ
T.650 WQ
T.5oo lhrWQ
T.5SO
T.600
T.650
T.5oo
T.550
T.600
T650

..

04

0035 0030

..

..

Y.P.
(R s )

Tons/sq.in.

..

H
H

032
0'33

1'47

..

..

..
..

0'32
0'18

..
..
..
..
..

037

..

019
0'09
0'15

....

0'018

(in.)

0'25
0'29

0026 0032
00024 0'022
0032 0030

0011

Heat Treatment

..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0'23

..
..
..
..
..
..

Mo

0'15

..
..
..

1'52
1'46
1'64
1-51
151
1-50

0'34
0'34

....

036
025
029
033
0'29
018

..

....
...
..

Mn

0'34
0'34
0'34
0'3 A
0'34
0'34

..

B.E.A.

Si

dia.

05%
0'05% 0'1%
0'2%
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
P.S.
(O'OSR p) (O'lR p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

46'0

670
55'6
55'2
58'4
572
60'0
56'8
55'8
55'2
600
48'0
804
77'4
73'9
63'0
71'0
67'0
640
52'6

19t
23
22
21
20
20
19
22
25
20!
26
15
lB!
17!
21
19t
19t
20
25

570
45'5
530
57'2
63-0
588
594
57'2
55'6

22
27
22
22
21
20
23t
22
21

6H
61t

499
650
69'8
65'2
57'2
532

24
20
18t
19
204
2H

68
60
55
5H
63
59

58
59
57
55
5H
51
49t
64
52
59
.... t
50!
51
58
49t
49t
57!
65

58
5H
59
60t

43
73
65
47
47
16
26
51
91
53
61
27
35
47
67
19
33
63
90
101
102
76
73
59
69
71
79
50

6
8

......
....

10
3

..
....
......
..
..
....

..
..

..

..

t
2t

2i

....

N.875 OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.850 T.600
T.610
WQ.850 T.650

4O.j
584
617
596
49'6
46'6

T.600
T.600
T.6oo
AC
AC
WQ
\

79
59
49
51
82
50

i........

ij'

o
....,

....

:::rn>

OJ

....
i;;'

::!.

:::r-

V\

S
:::s

Q.
Q

a..

11

IT!

....'"
n>

..

...

-1

"b
....

..
..

..
8

:::s

n>

;(;)

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process 01
M I
anu acture

AST!'1
Gra,n
Size

Si

Mn

Ni

Tensile

Cr

Mo

Section
Size
dia.

Heat Treatment

005%
0'1%
0'2%
0'5%
Y.P.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(R..>
(0'05 Rp ) (0'1 Rp ) (0'2 Rp) (0,5 Rp)

(in.)C
035

1"65

....
I 0'3j
1"63
B.O.H.
..
..
A.O.H.

B.E.A.
..
..
..
..
..

..

..
"
..
..
..

5-6
6
5

.
Qo35
Qo35
Qo35
Qo35

7--a
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0'35
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

...
0'16 1''16
013
1'41
0'15 1'60
030 1-55
0'26
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

1'44
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0043 0'270
0022 0031
0020 0030
0'035 0035

0'12
0'16
014
0'16

026
0'29
009
0'15

0028 0020
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
,.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0'14
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0'07
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0424
1

..

..
..
..
..

2t
..
..
4 sq(M)

OQ.850
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..

..

..

"

..

..

..

..

..

.. (0)

..

..

..

..

..

..

"

..

..

..

.. (M)

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. (0)

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. (M)

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. (0)

..

035

031

1'49

0012 0023

031

021

..

T.S.
(R m)

Tons/sq.in.

0'26
t
OQ.850 T.550 WQ
......
T.580"
0'24
1.
..
T.600"
......
T.650"
O'H
1i
OQ86O T.610 ..
0'35
2t
WQ.780 T.580 ..
0')2
3
WQ.780 T.620 ..
0'29
1t
OQ850 T.610 ..
Qo28
..

T.200
T.500
T.5SO
T.600
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.500

868

935

1029

..

T.550
..

T.600
..

AC 8SO (1hr)
T.500 2hr AC
................"..
T.550"
..
..
..
"
..
T.600
..
"
..
..
..
.."................
T.650
..
T.675
..
t
OQ.850 lhr T.500 2hr AC
""................
T.5SO
..
.."................
T.600
..
..""..............
T.62S
..
......"............
T.650
..
,"................
..
T.675
..

31-3
42'3
44'1

H'6
43'5
44'4

38'4
45'0
44'9

702

70'5

707

n-6

EI
(%)

R.A.
(%)

(A)

(Z)

Izod
It Ib
..

II Rer.
I

I ..

67'6
62'6
604
52'0
51-5
45'0
420
47'2

662
654
578
600
564
50'0
56'0

18
19
20 t
23
21
21
24
23

53
55
58
61
59+
61 +
67 t
61 +

'16
58
55
79
69
84
103
78

..
111
..
..
7

708
59'6
510
562
51'2
424
527
492
43'4
557
543
520
512
4),3
'16'0

1229
n'6
65'2
579
61'1
581
524
59'8
572
528
61'8
622
58'6
589
528
549

13 t
17 t
19
23
19
22
24
19
22
24
13
17
17
19 t
21 t
20

39 +
52 t
57
61 t
57
57
61 t
55
57
63 t
24 t
42
44 t
55
52 t
55

16
53
59

13
..
..

61
69
82
63
69
79
14
24
44
35
71
66

..
..
..
..
..
..
"
..
..
..
"
..

40 3

647
59'0
567
51'2
48'0
45'3
76'3
714
59'9
558
52'4
48'4

20
20
22
23 +
2S t
27 t
17
20
24
24 t
28
30 t

39 t
SO
55
56 +
58
64
49
54
64
62 t
65 t
63

11
17
27
82
92
101
28
51
81
84
92
98

45'0
47'2
'16'3
41'1
362
338
71-6
666
539
489
45'3

I ..
I ..

..

I~
~

~
~

~
0-

g
c:

3
VI
.....

1t

2
..
..
..
"
..
..
"
..
"
"

I ..

N
00

-e

m
:s

0-

::s

0-

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Proce.. of
Manufacture

ASTM
Grain
Size

5i

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Section
Size
dia.

(in.)

...
..
....

B.E.A.

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..

..
......
..
...

...

...
.

...
... ..
..... ......
... ..
... ....
.... .....
...... ....
... ....
..... .....
.. ..
...... .....
.. .
... ....
.... ...
.. ...

...

0-35

0'31

1"49

....
..
....
....
....
..
....
..
....
..
..
"

..
....
..
..
....
..

..
......
..

.. ...
..
.... ....
.. ..
.. ..
.. .
.... ....
.... ..
..
.... ....
.. ....
... ..
... ....
.. ..

.... .... ...

.. ... ....
.... .. ...
.. .... ....
.. ..
.. .... ...
... . .
..... .... .....
.. . ....
...... ..... ....
.. . ..
.. . ..
.. .. ..
.. ... ...
...... .... ...
.. .. .
. . ..
.. .. ...
... ... ....
.. .... ...

0'012 0'023 0'31

. ...

..
..
..
..
..

..

..
....
.. ..
. ..
.... ....
.. ..
.. ..
.... ..,.

.,

0'21

027

...
....
....

1.

....
...
..

0'05% 0'1%
0'2%
0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.5.
(0'05R p) (O'lR p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

Heat Treatment

OQ.850 lhr
T.l00 2hr AC
T.200
T.300
T.400
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.625
T.650
T.675
T.69O

..

..

.....
....
..
...

..
....
....
....
.....

OQ.85O lhr
T.4002hrAC
T.500
T.5SO
T.600
T.625
T.650
T.675

..

4!

..
...

....

..
..
....
..
..

.
....
.
..

..
.....
..
..
..

..
..

....
....
..

-40.4
-402
525
M'l
659
6104
639

SO'2
495
628
71'8
700
631
M04

615
60'1
79'0
787
73'8
639
M'6

767
751
864
864

n8
6504
65'5

OQ.850 lhr
T.400 2hr AC
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.675
T.700

T.S.
(Rm)

TonI/sq. in.

'C

..
..
.....
..
....
..
..
..

Y.P.
(R s)

318
475
49'1
481
0435

379
51'2
SO'6
049'1
043'8

046'2
558
524
SO, 5
44'0

..

..
..

281
45'3
47'4
47'1

34'8
49'3
049'8
48'5

42'1
54'2
522
50'2

....

....

OQ.8SO lhrT.5002hr AC
T.550
T.600
T.625
T.650
T.675

..
..

046'8
45'9
41'2

0477
47'1
41'04

52'3
48'8
41'5

52'4
47'4
44'2
-40'7
37'7

103'0
971
103'0
94'8
830
76'2
71'2
60'04
56'1
535
SO'3
48'0

56'6
61'5
504'8
52'5
44'5
39'6
39'0
35'5

780
70'8
M'2
61'5
550
SO, 6
50'6
046'04

52'1
602
55'5
52'2
43'5
-40'3
39'4

148
693
M'4
61-7
54'2
51'5
049'7
48'8
61'5
60'7
53'6
49'8
48'6
45.6

SO'8
42'1
38'3
36'5
33'7

360

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

Izod
ft. lb.

2
11
9i
10
12
17
18

2
31
3H
39i
45
51i
54
60i
61i
6H
67
66

12
12
11
6
13
52
47
80
90
93
93
90f

22

23i
25
2Si
27i
lH
15
lSi
19i

(Z)

35
47
49
54
60i
6"
M
63

7
7
20
37
82
97
100
107

24
25
27i

33
49
51
49i
sst
59i
63t
63

11
6
19
27
83
90
95

19
18 t
25
26i
26t
29

046i
SOi
59
61
61i
65

20
26
85
91
93
105

22

2H
25
26i
13
Hi
19
lSi
22

99

Ref

...
....
...
....
....
..
...
....
....
....
..
...
....
.
.....
2

"
"

"

til

S.
til
a.

:::!
....

;;;
::r
V\

S
::lI

go

am

::lI

'"
lti
til

iii

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Process of

Manufacture

A5TM
Gnin
Size

Section

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Size
dia

Mo

(in.)

..
.. ...
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..

..
..
..

B.E.A.

0'35

..
..

..
..

6-7

......
...

..
..

A.O.H.

.
"

B.O.H.
8.0.H.

.."

"
"

035

..

035

"

"

"

"

..
...

0'36
0-36
0-36
0-36

..

1'47

..
..
..

1'48

020

0'31

021

..

00:<1
"

"

1'47
1'64
133
1-67
"
1'58
1'34

"

"
"

0'36
0'36

"

"
"

"

OQ.840 T.650

..

T.600
T.650
OQ.840 T.600

2l

..
"

.. (C)

.. (0)
4

(C)

.. (0)
.. (C)

.,

..
..

"

..

..

0'26

0'31

..

"

0'03
"
"

0'24

"
"
"

"
"

"

"

038
0'30
040
0'28
"
0'11
0'12

0'31
030
0'17
029

O'll
O'll
0'23
0'24

0'29
0'25

0'30
0'33

"

"

"

"
"

"

0016 0011
0008 0010
0035 0048
0010 0029

"

"

0030 0034
0'032 Go018
"

..

..

..

..

0'10

0032

"

024

..

..

"
"

"

.. (0)

(C)

(0)
(C)
(C)
(C)

H
1t
H

2 i sq
1.
H

"

"

696
64-5

71'2
65'2
528
473
45'0
408
532
49'6
528
460
50'6
512
452
448
486
488
440
428

..

T.65O
"
T.600
"
T.650

..

..

Ii

.."
......
..
..

69'1

OQ.85O T.600
T.56O

1.

2t
..
1t
I.
0'6

"
...

68'0
63'7

..

Ii

"
"

..
..
....

026

....

3 i (C)
.. (0)

..
"
..

..
..
..
....

WQ.850 lhrT.SOO2hr AC
T.55O
T.600
T.625
T.65O
T.675
"

..
..

Y.P.
(R s )

WQ.85O T.600 WQ
"
"
"
"
OQ.85O T.630
"
"
T.56O
"
T.450
"

..

OQ.830 T.56O AC
T.610
"
T.S80
"
OQ.850 T.615
OQ.830 T.590
"
OQ.860 T.600
"
WQ780 T.550 WQ
T.56O AC
T.580
"
"

..
..

T.5.
(Rm )

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

76'1
71'1
60'4
557
53'4
49'4

15
17t
II
24
24+
27t

4st
40t
58
64
63
66

598
570
596
540
580
587
54'6
552
563
573
52'4
534

21t
21t
21
21t
21t
20
II
llt
let
20
21t
llt

59
61t
57
61t
57
57
61t
61 t
49+
55
57
61t

71
73
75
76

570
58'8

21
20

58
56

60
35

551
54'6
53'5
65'8
83'0

23
23
II
19
18

61
63
62
56
53

65
67
60
49
15

568
57'2
58'0
57'6
640
68'8
560
55'0
540

II
II
19
23
21
20
18
21
19

59
60t
51
63
56
55
45
55
5H

75
92
15
92
64
56
62
31
27

(Z)

Izocl
fl. lb.

Ref.

Tons/sq.in.

....
..
..

10'05% 01%
0'2%
0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p ) (O'IR p) (0'2R p) (0'2R p)

0'27

..

..

6-7
5-6

"

0'023

0'33

0043

0'19
017
0'26
028
"
0'15
0'15

..

0'012

..
..
..

"

..

....
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..

.. .... ... .... ... ....

.. .... .. .... ....
.... .. .... .. ..
..
.
..
..

1'49

1'45

....

.."
..

8.E.A.
B.E.A.
A.O.H.
B.EA.

"

..

035

..
..
..
..
"

0'31

Heat Trealment

..

42'8
43'0
42'5
563
75'0_
472
492
480
49'6
552
600
45'0
450
480

25
43

94
99
107
62
75
58
75
69
66
75

..2
..
..

..

..

..
..
..

..
..
....
....
..
..
..
"
..
"
..

::J

::J

t
2-

"<

g.

0-

::J

c::

...

VI
til

!!.

--

..8
..
...
11
..
..
"

-0
....

::s

0-

m
::s

0-

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

J'o,J

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process of ASTM
Manufacture Grain
Size

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

5~

..

7-8

B.O.H.
8.0.H.
B.O.H.

B.O.H.

Size

Mn

0'15
0'20
0'15

1-57
1-53
1-42

0024 0'026
0033 0034
0034 0'036

D-36
D-36
D-36

0'20

1'41
1'48
1'68

0043 0'031
0030 0'039
0039 0050

..

Ni

Cr

011

on

D-36
D-36

on

0'20
0'17

0'19

020
0'24

0'10

1'41
1-54

1-50
1'68

0'043 0031
0040 0032

0'200 0'037

0'20
0'13

Mo

0'26
0'07 D-25
0'30
0'25

1-50

0'024 0023

0'30

0'13

0'20

A.O.H.
B.E."'.

0'37
D-37

0'25
0'25

1'58
1'57

0030 0'042
0'006 0'011

031
0'34

014
0'24

032
0'24

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
8.0.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

D-37
D-37
0'37
0'37
0'37
D-37
D-37

0'16
0'14
0'19
0'16
0'21
0'18

1-53
1-52
1-52
1-49
1'64
1'57
1'36

0'032
0'018
0041
0024
0029
0'027

0'037
0'017
0036
0038
0'036
0'039

0'32
0'11
0'19
0'09
0'17
0'25

0'19

1'48

0032 0'034

0'20

0'37
0'37

B.O.H.

..
6

D-37

.
..
.
..

..
..
..
..
..

1'58

...
...

..
..
....

...

..

2f

.
I
..

11'..

i-

2 i- Iq

q.
2

1 "'hex

. . ,.

0'20

..
..
..

1*

0'37

..
...

(in.)

026
026
0'24

B.E.A.

6-7
6
7
6-7

Heat Treatment

2.
2 i- sq
1 .....

....
.
.. ..

0'17

dia.

0'36
0'26
0'27

..

0'25

. . . . .. ..

..

0'23

. . . . ..

.. ... .... ...

.. . .. .
.. .. .. ..
.. .. . . . ..

D-36
D-36

B.O.H.

Si

0'36
0'36
0'36

..
....
..

Tensile
Section

0'33
0'24
0'25
026

0'31
0'35
0'30
0'30
0'32
0'26
0'27

...

....

0'26

..

0'33

2. Iq
H

t
1i
1i

1.

+I
H

11

2 i- Iq
-/thex

.....

1i

li-

0'05% 0'1%
0'2% 0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O'OSR p) (O'lR p ) (0'2R p) (0'5R p )

T.S.
(R m)

480
472
53'2
51'2
55'6
43'6
53'5
50'0
57'6
54'8
44'0
44'8

57'0
565
604
58'8
63'2
52'0
57'2
56'0
62'8
58'8
54'8
56'8
580
57'8
679
60'6

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

(Z)

Izod
ft. lb.

Ref.

70
66
75
75
56
43
34
35
29
37
35
34
62
72
45
64

11
9

Tons/sq.;n.

WQ.780 T.580 AC
OQ.860 T.610
T.600
T610
OQ.860 T.600
T.6oo AC
00860

..

..
....

..

..

..
...

T.620 AC
T.640
T.670
OQ.840 T.5BO
OQ.860 T.600
OQ.850
T.56O
OQ.840 T.600
OQ.860 T.610

..

Y.P.
(Rs )

.
..

63'2
53'6

21
20
21

6li-

20
21
17
18
16
18
19
20
2li20
lH
13

40
45
43
47
41

58
57

......
.
.....

..

9
6

..

12
9

57
58
48.
56

54
70
21
90

..

OQ.850 T.680 WQ
OQ.860 T.680 AC
OQ.860 T'5BO AC
T.600
T.640 WQ
T.630
T.610
T.600
T.610

47'4
50'0
63'0
66'5
55'5
61-3
56'2
63'0
61-4
568
60'8
640

27
26
18
20
24
19
19
18
21

68
61.
61.
50
6H

56
98
71
56
94
84
65
56
62
54
66
65

3
11

..
..

38'6
44'0
53'0
61'0
480
55'0
45'6
544
53'2
46'0
53'6
56'8

OQ.840 T.650
T.600

58'6
58'4

64'6
64'8

20t
20

..

T.620

n
n

17
57
57

52
59

'"a
......
So
til

...0-

;:;:
iii'
::r

..

20
23
17
23

..

CD'

59'6
56'0
72'0
564

...
...
.....
....

til

ri.

VI
....

50'8
45'2
66'0
47'6

..

"'tJ

--

OQ.850 T.600 AC
T.56O
OQ.830 T.570
T.580

..

...

..g

.....
...
9

....
...
..1

a.
I'TI
~

:;
'"
til

C;;

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process of

Manufacture

ASTM
Grain
Size

..6

..
..

0'37

....

..

033

0'37 0'23
0'37 0'18
0'37 0'20
Cl-37 0'18
0'37 022

B.O.H.

..

..

...
......

B.O.H.

A.O.H.
A.O.H.

6-7

0'38
0'38

....

..

()O38

0'38
0'38
()O38
0'38

..

Cr

1-39
1-36
H7
HI
1'<46

....

..

. .. .. .

0'0<45 0031

0'15

006

1'<46
1-55

..

..
..

..

0'18
0'23

..

0'17

0'18
0'34
035

H2
1-52

..

1'44
HI
1'58
1-7<4
1'62

..

0'22

..
....

0'28

002<4
0'03<4
0'035
0'029
0'032

0037
0033
00<43
0'03<4
0025

0'16
0'18
0'18
0'19
0'20

027
0'27
0'26
027
0'26

Heat Treatment

{ in.)

....

OQ.&40 T.650
T.600
T.650

3 (M)
"(M)

OQ.850 T.610
T.590
OQ.&40 T.600
T.650

..

..

H
H
H

1t

1
2 hq.

..

....

....

..

....
...

Y.P.
(Rs )

T.S.
(R m)

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

Izod
ft. lb.

Ref.

52'0
570
<45'6

606
64'8
55'2

21i
19+
21

57
57
59

50
75

66

..1

372
39'6
5<4'0
<470
<4<4'0
<41'0
5<4'8
<400
51'6
<400
<41-2

<482
512
630
580
550
530
628
52'6
59'2
51-6
51'2

25
2<4
20
22
22
22
20
21
19
23
23

61i
61i

<47'0
560
<410
<475
53'0
556
540
492
440
51'6
500
500
<43'2
600
5<40

70
63
68
62
64
58
600
620
520
560
592
640
60'6
58'8
5<4'6
594
586
576
560
680
62'0

(Z)

Tons/sq.in

2t

0'05% 0'1% 0'2% 0'5%

P S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p) (O'IR p ) (0'2R p) (0'5Rp>

..

OQ.860 T.610
T.620
T.600
T.610

69
63
78
70
50
64
<42
68
89
70

..

..7

..
..

12

..

..
....

..

--

..
..

1-62

0'16
030

Mo

0'33

032

0025 0017
0015 0025

..
..

...
... ... .... .... ...

Cl-38
()O38

Ni

..
..
..
..
..

..
....
..
..

0'38

B.O.H.
B.f.A.

..
....
..

HI
H8

..

..
..
..

....

0'37

B.O.H.

Mn

1-58

0'37

..

..

A.O.H.

Si

Tensile
Section
Size
die.

0'025
0'021

..

0'0<41

0029
003<4

..

0024

0037 0022
0'036 0029
0'028 0035

..
..
..

0'18
0'22

....

0'28
0'17

..

..

0'23
0'26

0'33
032

..
..

..
..

0'26
0'26

0'15

0'27

..
..
..

027
0'33
016

0'18
0'15

0'27
0'28
029
0'31

..

..
..
2i
..

-It

2t

1l

6
8tx2i
1 hex

..

OQ.8<40 T.600
T.650
T.600
T.650
T.600
T.650
WQ.780 T.5BO AC
OQ.860 T.630
WQ.7BO T.650

....
...

..

...

....

.. ..

Ii

OQ.86O T.620
T.600
T.610

As Rolled

1'"
2hq
2 hq
In
1
3t(M)

1l

..
..

..
..

OQ.860 T.620
OQ.850 T.630
f.580
OQ.&40 T.600
T.650

..

63
B5
60
BO

58

18
10
20
23
22
20
21
21
22
20
22
23
20
19
21

52t
21t
42
52t

61 t
55

BO

61
<46
53
52

62
60
65
62
63
64

<49
55
78

....
..
..
..
11
..
..
..

12

0I:l
Q

til

'"

til

~
o

-<
0-

c:

....

VI
til

..9

...

...
.

..
..
7

12
IV

'"

::::s

0-

::::I

0-

l-.I

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
ASTM
Grain

Process of

Manufacture

Size

SI

Ni

Cr

Mo

031
..

025

1-34

0'38

0'38

1-62

0'38

7-8

Mn

0'30

114

0028 0'017

0'13

007

I
I

Section
Size
dia

Heat Treatment

(in.)

I H

OQ.840 T.650

OQ.840 T.600
..
T.650

0'21 I

,.

H
H

H
2

H
4 sq.(M)
..
..
..
..
..

---,--1

(0)
(M)
(0)
(M)
(0)

0'10
0'08

0'29
0'23

0'35
030

4-5
6-7

0'39
0'39

0'17
0'15

0'39

0'17

l'59

0028 0037

0'11

0'26

033

0'39
0'39
0'39

0'18.
0'15
0'15

1'56
1'68
l'53

0'029 0'030
0'028 0'031
0023 0'026

0'12
0'15
009

0'33
0'30
0'28

0'37
0'35
035

2t

B.O.H.

0-39

0''''

1-55

0035 0'033

0'18

0'26

B.O.H.

0'39

023

1'52

0028 0032

020

028

B.O.H.
B.O.H.

B.O.H.

..

1 ,

It
t

2i
3

Tensile

T.S.
0'2%
0'5%
Y.P.
(R m
P.S.
P.S.
(Rs )
(0'2R p) (0'5R p)
1--'----'-------'----'-------,
Tons/sq.in.

0'05%
P.S.

0'1%
P.S.

i (O'OSR p ) (0'1R p )

85'1

T.550
T.600

;
0'038 0028
0028 0-030

1'65
146

OQ.8S0 T.2oo
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.5oo
T.SSO
T.600
OQ.850 T.5oo
T.550
T.600
T.Soo

0'424

-0

922

102'3

50'0
47'0
5-40
47'0
....0
41'0
56'2
49'2
47'3
48'4
460
42'3
50'6
46'8
424
486
463
472
45'2
40'0
42'3

600
58'0
63'0
580
55'0
53'0
125'6
62'9
59'2
5S9
58'4
56'0
52'0
579
57'6
52'8
57'8
57'1
56'0
550
520

EI

(%)
(A)

21
22
20
22
22
22

9t

5,...

19
21
23
21
21t
25
21
22
25
17
17
19
22
22
22

590
51'0
5-40
50'0
596
560
68'0
60'0
49'0
550
52'0
566
58'4
576

22
27
23
25
23
23
18
21
23
22
22
22
18
25

R.A.
(%)

(Z)

T.660 AC
T.680
T.640 WQ
T.660
T.640
T.66O
T.580 AC
T.640
T.660 WQ
T.650
T.66O
T.630
T.610

Ref.

12

~
~

vt
llt
llt
~t

50

~t

llt
D

28

.... t
~t

llt
llt

."

::!.
....
i;j'

Ht

So
no

71

::7"

....VI
g-

::I

il

lT1

5-4

::I

1--,50'0

as

46'0
395
50'0
470
59'0
50'0
380
....0
41'0
48'6
48'0
50'0

57
67
61t
66
57

59t
53

631
59t
59t

521

61
93
95
100
83
98
60
82
109
96
92
62
62
72

~.
Q

58

-...

13

46
II

llt

.gno

ro

I
OQ.86O
..
..
..
..
,.
WQ.780
..
OQ.860
WQ.780
..
OQ.860
..

Izod

t. lb.

11

....en

no
no

;;;

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Proce" of
Manufacture

ASTM
Grain
Size

Si

Mn

Ni

Tensile

Cr

Mo

Section
Size
dla

Heat Treatment

(in.)
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
AO.H.

..7
..
..
..
~

..
..

..
..
..
..
..
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

..
..

7-8
5
6

.
..

0-39
()o39
0'39
()O39

..
..
..
..
..
....

0'23
0'23
0'35

...

O'~

0'19
0'19
0'15

0'17

0'17
0'17
0'18

..
..

l'S~

1'60
1'66

..

..

0'27
0'27
026
0'29

....
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
....
..

....
O'~

..'.

0'021 0'032
0038 0'036
0026 0'033

..
..
..
..

..
..
..

O'~

1'58
1--46
1'69
1'55

0'037 0'022
0'027 0'033
0'023 0'037

..
..

....

0'31
0'18
0'14

..

..

0'13
0'26
0'29

..
..

0'26
0'35
0'35

..
..

1 ....

..t
..
..
056'1
..
....
Ii
..
..
..
..

,.
1

2t
3

3t

0'05% 0'1%
0-2% 0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p ) (0.1R p) (0'2R p) (0'5Rp )

..
..

T.~50

....

T.~7S

..
....
..
..
..
....

EI
(%)
(A)

532

60'8

22
32

~1'2

56'0
826
81'0
762

62'5

87'~
~'2

80'0

T.SOO
T.52S
T.200
T.300

1010
980

102'0
100'1

T.~

89'~

~'2

7~'9

81-6
730
65'6
59'2
500

T.~50

T.500
T.550
T.600
T.6S0
T.675

N.875 OQ.8S0 T.600

OQ.860 T.670 AC
T.680
WQ.780 T.700
T.660 WQ

..
..

T.S.
(Rm )

R.A.
(%)

Izod
ft. lb.

Ref.

66

62
50
50
57
55
6
6
53
53
52
52
55
62

53

7
1

96

(Z)

Tons/sq.ln.

OQ.860 T.620
Annealed
OQ.8S0 T.600
OQ.~

Y.P.
(Rs

..
..

!
I

n8

~'8

n8

~'2

71-7
65'2
567
53'1

5N

61'8

~S'O

~'O

2~

17
15
19
20

H
H

16t
17i
1st
17
18t
2"
23

..
..

,.

....
~1

SO
70
87

..
..
..
..
..
..
....

3::
Q

:3

~
:3
~

n>

g
c::

V\

li:
!!..

--

~'O

530

~1'0

~9'0

~5'0

~'O

19 +
23
2S
23
22

59i
60+
57

6"
55

63
86
98
103
93

6
11

..
..
..

I~

=
0-

En 16
296

Properties

of the British Standard En steels

EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Si

Mn

0'35

0'31

1'49

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'31

0'21

0'27

0012 0023

Basic Open Hearth

Bars H' dia. Oil Quenched 850C

(Ref. 2)
12o ......- - - . - - - -......----r---~--__"T--___, 80

1101------1----+----1-----1---1+---;

100 1---.:::::......:----+---+----f----+-Jo~--.,bO

qO I---+---+-~:_+--~I__I-+_--__l
50

.5

cT

.::. 80 L.L=-----~---+~~~+--~.__I-_+--t-----;
40

B
"-

j
30

bO 1-----1-----+---~-___j4_-~_:::II+-____l

"-

Ized

10
Elonqation

40L..--...I-----.L---~---I..---L......-~0

100

200

300

SOO

Tfmp~inq If:mptrah.n
Fi,. 16.10

c.

bOO

700

En 16
297

Manganese-Molybdenum Steel

EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON THE RANGE OF PROPERTIES OBTAINABLE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

These curves have been constructed from results obtained on several casts of En 16.
,.. dia. bars Oil Quenched

20~~EJ
10~

40

Eloo olion

O,-'-------....J...

--l

SOO

--'

700

Fil. 16.11

En 16
298

Properties of the British Standard En steels

EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(Ref. 2)

80

---

IIOd

70

bo

.............
50

-----Roduclion

t--...

...

a.oo

t--.

Ton.ilo .t.onqth

............

k
t

pf

'---'''Oil r--Yiold

40

.s

.t

--.

30

t?-

Elon'lOlion

20

10

Sec.tion

si%~

FI,. 16.12.

(in)

En 16
299

Manganese-Molybdenum Steel

EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)

(Ref. 2

Bars QQ. 850C T. 625C

-I----

'10
Izod

80

70
R.cb:tion

bO

...........

of

r.nlil. Ifrtnqlh

area

-t--- r---

r---- 1---1--Yi.ld

Ifr."

I--

(Ref. )

Bars QQ. 850C T. 650C

30

100

20

Izod

'10

Elonaalion

10
80

S.ction

,iz.

FiC. 16.13.

70
Re<ilction of or ea

- ""- ~ ~L
I---

.E

<t

V>

~o

T.."il. strtnqth

40

30
Elonqation

20

b
S~ction

sia

FiC. 16.14.

(in)

(i nJ

::s

0-

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURE

Process of

Manufacture

...
..
..

..
..
...
....
..
...

030

B.E.A.

...

7~

...
...

...

A.O.H.

7~

0'35

Si

Mn

0'38

Ni

...

.....
...
.....

0'20

..
..
...
...
..
.
...... ..... ..... .....
.... ... .. ...
..... .... ..... ....

0'16

1'63

1'44

0'26

....
.. ..
.. .

0'36

0'24

1'47

0'30

144

0'028 0'020

(1'039 0'029

0'028 0'017

0'14

0'11

0'13

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

ASTM
Grain
Size

Cr

..
...
..
..

0'04

..
.
..
.
..
...

0'07

0'16

007

Mo

Section
Size
dia.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

..

...
..

037

...

...

OQ.850 T.550

.
..
.

..

.. ....
.. ..
..... .....
... ..
.. .
.. ..
I . .

....
..

0'28

OQ.850 T.600

..
...

..
..

Test
0'05% 0'1% 0'2% 0'5%
Temperature
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O'OSR p) (O'lR p) (0'2Rp ) (0'5R p)

OQ.850 T.580

0'26

..
..

...

0'21

R.

T.S.
(R m)

EI
(%)

(A)

Tons/sq.in

R.T.
0
-20
-40
-50
-70

50'8
49'3
50'7
530
55'0
54'8

520
50'2
52'8
54'6
560
55'1

53'4
51'5
54'3
553
57'2
55'6

19
0
-20
-40
R.T.

-n

59'6

53'0

54'6

55'4

-195

OQ.850 T.550

Y.P.

56'6
75'1

19
0
-20
-40

49'2

20

23

5H
58i

65'2

19

57

62
62

22i
22i

60
60

2H
23

22

59'2

21

56

21
24

Ref.

73
82
48
33
26
24

59
63
63
46

13

ft. lb.

(z)

59'5
594
617
63'8
652
65'6

63'6
64
82

Charpy

R.A.
(%)

....
...
..
..
..
..

79

4
14

66

43

51
4H
20
18

5H

..
....

13

.g

"'0
CD

;::t

SCD

.,

CD

;:;:
(;;.

....
Q

VI

::J

a.

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA'

I'T1

::J

'"~
Chemical Composition (%)
Impact

Transition

Curve

Process of
Manufacture

.
......

A
B
C
0
E
F

ASTM
Grain
Size

A.O.H.

Si

Mn

..

0'19

..

1'50

035

026

1'59

..
.... .. ....
.. .. ..

035

0'36

024

1'47

..
....
.

.
....
..

0'(144 0035
0'032 0035

0'039 0'029

Ni

..
..
..

0'13
008

0'11

Tensile

Cr

Mo

. ..
..... .....

0'09

0'07

0'16

0'27
0'29

0'26

Section
Size
dia.

Heat
Treatment

Test
Temp

(in.)

C
R.T.

..
..

OQ850 T.600
T.650
T.600
T.650
T.600
T.650
OQ.850 T.580

.. ...
1

4sq

......

0'1% 0'2% 0'5%

P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'1 Rp ) (0'2Rp ) (0'5Rp)

Y.P.
(Rs )

T.S.

(Rm)

Tons/sq.in

..
...
..

40'9

41-1

41'9

R.T.

54'6

55'4

56'6

463

50'0

53'9

462
52'0
43'0
]4,7

61-9
51'2
58'4
50'4
53'1
45'4
63'6

EI
(%)
(A)

23i

2H

22

27
25
27
21

R.A.
(%)

Ref.

(z)

58
67
6H
67i

60i
65
56

......
....
2

En 16
Manganese-Molybdenum Steel

301

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE

DATA

(conti nued)
[Key to symbols A to G Is given In the table on the opposite page]

140

100

.;

...

"0
.2

120

bO

40

-200

-- ./

20

-lbO

I /

J~b

-120

&

I (

&0

--

I
I

./

II

/'

'I

/ IE

1//
~
V

-&0
Temperature

D~

-40

+40

c.

Fi,. 16.15

100,----,...-----,-----:?r--::::::-?'::::=='...,...-----""7!-----:;r---,

80

j
'"

.,..

~
~

bO

40

....
20

-200

-lbO

-120

-40

-80

Temp<folur.
Fi,. 16.16

0c.

+40

:::::I

0-

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

Tensile
Proce... of

Manufacture

Size

....

Si

Mn

...
.
.. . ..
... ... ....

....

...
......

A.O.H.

A.O.H.

Chemical Composition (%)

ASTM
Grain

0'26

..
..

..
..

0'36

..

1-63

0'19

..
..

0'204

Ni

...
..
..
..

....
..
...

011

Cr

..
..
..

0035 0'040

Section
Size
dia

....
..
....

0'07

Mo

...

0'26

....

0039 0029 0'11

. .. .. 0'16.. 026.
.... . .. .. .. ..

1047

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

....
...
..

1.

...

1.

Test
Temp.

..
...
..

OC
20
300
350

..
..

R.T.
300

...

.
...

0400

450
500

OQ.&50 T.580

T.S.
(R m)

Tons/sq.in.

....
.

OQ.850 T.620

Y.P.
0'05% 0'1% 0'2%
0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
p.s.
P.S. (R s)
(0'05R p) (0'1R p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

L.P.

3S'5
32'0
295
27'5
247
195

R.A.
(%)

51'0
52'0
507
47'2
043'2
379

24
23
24
23
21
2H

66
48

554
566
45'0
48'&
136
10'0
Tons/sq.in. per min)

63'6
5&'6
28'3

21
19
040

56
049
91

54'6
042'2
&'9
rate 1'6

Ref.

lH

15

(Z)

042'0
3&'2
36'&
35'&
35'0
31'0
(Loadinc rate 1 Ton./sq.in. per min)
53'0
3&04
6'5
(Loadinc

600

EI
(%)
(A)

Ized
ft. 1b.

5H
61i
64
704
79

....
...
..4
..

.g

t1>

~.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN TORSION

Tensile
Proce.. of

Manufacture

A.O.H.

Chemical Composition (%)

ASTM
Grain
Size

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Section
Size
dia

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

0'36

0'204

1'47

0'039 0'029

0'11

0'16

026

1.

033
0'36

0'29
0'29

151
1-60

0037 0'035
0'039 0'028

0'50
0'50

0'19
0'27

0'31
0'33

tt

036

028
0'27

1'60
1'51

0007 0'037
0026 0'022

0'22
05

004
0'20

0'23
0'204

tt

I 037

0'05% 0'1% 0'2%

0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p) (0'1R p) (0'2Rp) (0'5R p)

T.S.
(R m)

Tons/sq.in.

OQ.850 T.580

53'0

5406

55'04

56'6

EI
(%)
(A)

63'6

21

485
51-7

6104
64'8

23
21

590
....0

67'5
65'9

1&
22t

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

19t
9

52
12

R.A.
(%)

Apparent
E.L.

(Z)
56

App.
Max.
Shear
Stress

34'8

Process of
Manufacture

B.E.

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

. . .. . .. -.. .. ..

0'33

026

1'67

0'023 0'012

0'07

031

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

2* (L)

OQ.850 T.630

"(T)

..

0'1%
0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
(O'IRp) (0'5R p)

T.S.
(Rm )

Tons/sq.in.

..

046'6

48'3
49'8

568
555

(Z)

Ref.

04H

Rotatinc 8endinc
Faticue Limit 10' rev

042'&

53'04
504'5

0400
040'&

57'5
59'0

043'2
....2

Ref.

Tons/sq.in.
27'7
22'7

..
3

tJ:p

::!.
....

g:

g
:}
a.
~

57'2

Tensile
Section
Size
dia.

Prob.
Max.
Shear
Stre..

Tons/sq.in.

FATIGUE PROPERTIES
Chemical Composition (%)

So
t1>

Tonion

16

...

n-.

::s

'"

En 16
Manganese-Molybdenum Steel

303

LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Private correspondence with The United Steel Companies limited.
2. Private correspondence with English Steel Corporation Limited.

3. Private correspondence with Firth-Brown Limited.

4. Private correspondence with Brown Bayley Steels limited.
5. Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of the B.S. En Steels, Iron Be Steel Institute, Special report No. 56.1956
6. Symposium on The Hardenability of Steel. Organized by The Technical Advisory Committee of The Special and
Alloy Steels Committee (Ministry of Supply) and The Iron Be Steel Institute. Iron Be Steel Institute Special Report,
No. 36. 19-%.
7. Private correspondence with Jessop.Savllle Limited.
8. War Office unpublished report.
9. Private correspondence with The Park Gate Iron Be Steel Company Limited.
10. Private correspondence with The Round Oak Steel Works Limited.
11. Private correspondence With The Clyde Alloy Steel Co. limited.

12. British Standard 971. Commentary on The British Standard Wrought Steels En Series. British Standards Institution
London, 1950.
13. It Wilcock. Effect of Boron on the mechanical properties of low alloy steel, ). Iron & Steellnst., Vol. 173, pt."
April 1953.
14. British Iron Be Steel Research Association unpublished data.
15. Private correspondence with Edgar Allen Be Co. Limited.
16. Private correspondence with Dowty Rotol Limited.

En 17

MANGANESE-MOLYBDENUM STEEL
(HIGHER MOLYBDENUM)
SPECIFICATION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)

5i

0'30 to 0'<40

0'10 to 0'35

Mo

Mn

1'30 to 1'80 0'050 max 0'050 max

0'35 to 0'55

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Hardened and tempered condition
R
Limirinl ruling section. in .
Tensile strenlth. Tons/sq. in. , min. (R m)
Yield 5tress I, Tons/sq. In .. min. (R s)
0'2% Proof 5tress 2. Tons/sq. In., (0'2R p)
Elonlation, per cent, min. (A)
Izod impact value, ftlb. min.
Brinell hardness 3 number.

6
45
34
32
22
<40
201/255

6
50
38
36
20
<40

4
55

223/2n

....

41
18
<40
248/302

2 i
60
48
46
17
35
269/321

1
65
52
50
16
35
293/341

(1) Not to be used u acceptance tests except by special arranlement between the
purchuer and manufacturer.
(2) When specifically requested in the enquiry or order.
(3) For information purposes only. Not contractual part of the specification.

APPLICATIONS
A steel of very similar composition to En 16 but with a higher molybdenum content and so possessing higher hardenability. In small sections tensile strengths of the order of 60 Tons/sq. In., and In fairly large sections ofthe order of 50
Tons/sq. in, may be obtained, combined With good ductility and resistance to shock.
Used for general engineering components, crankshafts, connecting rods, axle shafts, levers, bolts, Wheel studs, etc

WELDING
(see Introduction for key to symbols used In this table).
Weldin, Process
En. No. - - - - - - - - - - M.A.
G
I.G.
5
F
B

Reproduced by kind permission of H.M 5.0.

304

En 17
Manganese-Molybdenum Steel (Higher Molybdenum)

305

MACHINABILITY
The machinability of this steel when heat treated to 50 to 60 Tons/sq in., is approximately 50% that of mild steel
and when heat treated to 60 to 70 Tons/sq. in., approximately 40% of that of mild steel.

HOT WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES

Forging. ~olling and Stamping
Annealing
Softening
Normalizing
Hardening
Tempering

1200C Finish above 9OQoC

830-860C Furnace cool
640-660oC Air cool
830-860oC Air cool
830-860oC Quench in oil
550-660oC Air cool

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (d)
Chemical Composition 1%)
C

Si

Mn

0']4

026

1-61

0'035 0031

0'37

0'17

H8

0'031

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'17

0'12

0'<49

0'026 0'23

016

0<43

Heat Treatment
C

N.850 T.
OQ.850 T.
OQ.850 T.
OQ.850 T.

Specific Gravity
at 20"C

6601hr
600 2hr
6601hr
6200Q

R.f.

78<4
7'85
783
785

SPECIFIC HEAT (c)

ISection
Size

Chemical Composition I%l

Proc... of
Manu facture

..

A.O.H.

..

Si

..

0'26

0]4

..
..

Mn

..

1'61

..

..

0035 0'031
.,

..

-~.

Cr

Mo

I lin.)

..

012

..
..

0<49

..
..

1i

0'17

..

..

.....

di.

Ni

..

~,.-

..
..

...

.. _

He.t Tre.tment \
C
N850 T 6602hr
OQ850 T 6602hr
OQ850 T 650 2hr
.. ..

Mean Specific Heat. Calli del C

20 to
200C

O'~OS

0118
0116

20 to
300"C

20 to
<4OO"C

20 to
SOOC

20 to
600"C

20 to
65O"C

Ref.

0113
0121
0'119

0'120
0'12<4
0'123

0'129
0133
0'129

0'H2
0'H2
O'HO

0H9

0'1<46

..

::s

0'

MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION (a)

Chemical Composition (ey.,)
Process of
Manufacture

...

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

. .... .... ... ... .... .... ...

..

A.O.H.

034

0'26 1'61

0035 0'031

0'37

0'17 148 0'031

10' XMean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion/dec C

Section
Size
die

Heat Treatment

(in.)

...

0'17 0'12 0'49

N850 T660 2hr

11'8
OQ.850 T.600 2hr 1230
OQ.85O T.6502hr 1270
OQ.850T.6200Q 124

1i

0'026 0-23 0'16 043

20to
1OOC

lOto 20to 2Olo 20to

2Olo
2Olo
200"C 300"C <lOO"C SOO"C 600"C 6SO"C
12'75
1300
1320
13'0

13'60
13'65
1370
135

1385
1405
14'15
139

14'30
14'45
14'55
142

1480
14.80
14'95
1475

15'05

15'20
-

Ref.

...
..
1

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (e)

Chemical Compooition(%)
Proceslof
Manufacture

..
..

A.O.H.

Section
Size
dia

Si

034

...

026

1'61

0-035

..

0-031

017

0'12

0'49

1i

037

0'17

1'48

0'031

0'026

0-23

0-16

0'4]

Mn

..

..
..

....

Ni

Cr

..

..
..

Mo

....

Electrical Resistivity, microhm em

Heat Treatment

(in.)

'C

....

N.850 T.660 2hr

OQ.850 T.600 2hr
OQ.850 T.650 2hr
OQ.850 T.620 OQ

20C

looC

200"C

24'2
24'4
235
22'5

29'3
28'6
28'2
27'2

35'0
35'9
350
34'2

300"C

43-5
440
428
42'6

<lOO"C

5000C

600"C

650C

53'0
53'5
52'5
52'4

635
64-5
63'3
645

no

85'0

76'0
765

n2

Ref.

......

'"

r+

'"ii>
'"

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (k)

Chemical Composition (%)
Proceu of
Manufacture

...

A.O.H.

Si

...

0'34

0'37

...

026

0'17

Mn

....

1-61

148

...

0035

0'031

...

0031

0026

Ni

Cr

....

0'12

0'17

023

....

043

Mo

...

049

0'43

Section
Size
dia

(in.)

....

1t

Thermal Conductivity. Gal/cm s dec C

Heat Treatment

C
N.850 T660 2hr
OQ.850 T.600 2hr
OQ.850 T.650 2hr
OQ.850 T.620 OQ

1000C

2OOC

300"C

<lOO"C

500C

6000C

0'109
0'109
0'109

0'104

0'101
0-101
0101
0-098

0'095

0'103

0'105
0'105
0'105
0'102

0'088
0088
0088
0'087

0'081
0'081
0'081
0'082

200C

0'094
0'095

0'094

Ref.

...
..
1

YOUNG'S MODULUS (E). SHEAR MODULUS (G)

Chemical Composition (%)
SI

.. .

Hn

.. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..

..
..
..
.... .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. . ..

Ni

Cr

..
...
...

036

022

1043

0032 0045

016

0'31

011

1048

0031

023

0'026

Heat Treatment

Test Temp

'C

'C

Ho

..

011

..

0..43

... ....
..
.. ... ....
.. ..
..

016

043

OQ.85O T.660
T.620

..
....
.
....

Youna'. Hodulu.
Ton./sq.ln.

R.T.
R.T.

.....
..

OQ.850 T.620 OQ

Static

Dynamic'

Static

12.soo
12.800

5,230
5,200

20
100
200
300
-400
500
600

..
..

Shear Hodulu.
Ton./sq. In.

Ref.

.
....
2

13.100
13.300
13.000

.....

12.soo
12.000
11.350
10.600

'Vibration method.

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Method of
Manufacture

..

A.O.H.

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Si

H.

Ni

Cr

Mo

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0]<4

0'26

1-61 0035 0031 011

012

049

Section
Size
dia.
(in)

..

1.

Heat Treatment

'C

Haanetic Induction B (puu) for Haanetiz;na Field of H (oersted) '"

IH=10

20

<40

60

80

100

150

200

300

-400

500

800

N.850T.6602hr !,500 11100 15000 16200 11000 11500 18200 18100 19-400 19800 20200 21000
OQ.850 T.6OO 2hr 16200 13600 15600 16500 11100 11500 18200 18600 19400 19800 20200 21000

Coercive
Force He
(oersted)

Remanence
Brem
(aauss)

Ref.

12'0
13'0

14126
15410

..

En 17
of

Properties

308

the British Standard En steels

TRANSFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS
ISOTH ERMAL TRANSFORMATION
Chemical Composition (%)
p

51

Mn

0'38

0'25

1-49

0'028 0'036

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'2"

0'1<\

0'''1

Acid Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 8 (ASTM)
Bars hot roled to t" dia. cold drawn to 11 S.W.G. with intermediate annealing at 600C,
Austenitizingltemperature 845C., 30 min.

(It.ef.3)

qO

eo 0

70 0

~3

~1

0-

- -- f - -

1-.

--

- I-

r--

- -

- - r--

("
..........

&0 0

\
.!i!.._ ~-

.....

/'

-.... ~

- -

.....

1\ \ \ \\I\l\ \\

-- --

- 1---

V-

~ ~..

----- ..... ...........

:::-:

~
-.... ~
~
)

-----

- -

~
'--' f--

,,~

/ ) ......

- f-

- - --- :::::
-

.... .... -

-'- f- -

400

--

.......... cooo

I-- !-

~ --...:::~

.-'

y~

- --- -

30 0

10

SO

100

qO

Tronsformolion%

20

10 0
10
Soc.

20

401

10

20

40 I

Min.

Hr.

O\I.olion of ilOrhtrmol

FiC. 17.1

I'cormcnl

10

20 1

Day.

En 17
Manganese-Molybdenum Steel (Higher Molybdenum)

309

CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION

Air Cooled from 850C

(Ref. 1)

qoo

800!+- 13

"uUani,.

I-- 11

700

bOO
~ Stort

-::=-

soo

MSO

--

.....

----

50"/.

,--

400

Ms
MIO

10%

/'

~ti, ..

carbide

IS'>'. - - -

"!.S.",

".
30'%

'-

Bainite

qO%

Ii

I- end

-..

MqO

_./

Mf

_J

200

100

Bor diomdcr tqlJivoltnt coolinq

10

rotc - inchu

100

bOO

SOO 1\

II

'"
:I:

400

300

I\\.

As quonched.

/V]

.~

SSO;C
b20 C

l01J ~~~

zoo
100

b
Hordno.u

01 tlr tronslormotion

FiC. 17.2

10

En 17
Properties

310

of

the British Standard En steels

CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION

(continued)

Oil Quenched 850C

(Ref.1)
'100

'100

___"c,

700

AUlto"irQ

_"c

bOO

MIO
MSO
MqO

--

JII 1/

-/j

Mo,'.n,,'.

200

Mf

10%

/; V'

400

Ms

s'o,t

./

SOO

~
./

~%

Boinitg

'10%

End

100

b
Nr. surface

10

10

'I
8

'I

10

II

12

Bar diomdcr oqui.,olllnt (oolinq rat, inchQ'

00
b 00

00
00

;;
c
1!

:l!

"'"'\
~

00

-..:::;

/
-~

As quenched

/1 ~SO:C

~ 20 o C

<.L/ 'j

~~8

00

b
Hordncu aft.r transformation.

FiC. 17.3

10

En 17
Manganese-Molybdenum Steel (Higher Molybdenum)

311

CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION

(continued)

VVater

850C

~uenched

(Ref. 1)

'100
800 l-~cJ
Austenite

_~cl

700

bOO
Stor'

500

~~

400
HI

HIO

M50

JO

Mortlluik

200

HI

10'1(,

1//
V
j/ V
..-/

50'

&oinifc

/'

'10",
tnd

V-

100

o pos'n.

Mid

Alial

rodiol

Nt. surface

'I
8

10

'I

II

12

10

'I
,

10

II

t)

14

12
15

Oiam&ltr equivalent coohnq rotc - inches.

700
bOO

500

'"::r:

400

"

"" :x:

'<

JOO
200

L---

qutllC~td

/J~}g.~

~.50"r:
700t:.

!//

100

4
Hordntn oft.,

fi. 17.4

b
transformation

10

En 17
Properties of the British Standard En steels

312

HARDENABILITY
END QUENCH HARDENABILITY CU RVE
Chemical Composition (%)
C

5i

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'38

0'25

H9

0'028

0036

0'24

0'14

0'41

Acid Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 8 (ASTM)
Bars End Quenched from 845C

(Ref. 3)

800
700

bOO

500

400

1!
a

"-.. .........

-- I---

..............

...........

--

---

"-..

:x:

300

'4

'2

'8

'b

10

1'2

Diltoftci from

1'4

18

Ib

20

2'4

q...chld end 01 bar. (in}

Fie. 17.5

Chemical Composition (%)

C

5i

Mn

0'33

0'15

HO

0'022

0'030

Ni

Cr

0'21

0'40 0'37

Mo

Basic Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6-8 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 6-8 (ASTM)
Bars Normalized 9OOC, End Quenched from
860C
(,00

500

r-- r-.. ......

{.400

:x:

il

V~ q.ln~hed

/"",500"c
T550"c

-- -:::::::6L P'7 --

r-----.. ~

-/

300

::/

~;bOOC

/Tb50C

r--

1:x: 200

(Ref. 4)

100

05
b

10
10 12
14
Ib
18
20
Dillonce from qnched Ind' of

Fie. 17.6

15
22
bor

24

2b

28

30

Inche.
32 Siltllnths

En 17
1

Manganese-Molybdenum Steel (Higher Molybdenum)

313

END QUENCH HARDENABILITY BAND

Ran,. of Chemical Composition (%)

C

Mn

O'H-HO

Mo

0'36-0'52

1'39-1n

This band has been produced from results obtained on several casu within the composition ran"

quoted.

(Ref. 1)
.......

55

50

t
;

40

~ '/ V/ I/v
/ //

--

~ r--.

V V/ V/ r/ r/ V/ V/ / /" D-!>-.
~l/ V V/ V/ V/ / r/V V
K ~ V/ /
............

35

2 0

V/
r/1/V V V/ V/

k / / V
-.(.

05

&

I~

10

12

14

[/' ~

V/ V/
~~ ~ ~
I 5

10

1&

18

20

22

Oillo... I""" qUlochcd ..d 01 h<

FI,. 17.7

24

2&

28

Inches

30 Siat...th.

En 17
of the British Standard E.n steels

Properties

314

HARDNESS TRAVERSE CURVE

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'33

0'15

1'40

0'022

0030

0'21

0.4()

0'37

Basic Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6-8 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 6-8 (ASTM)
(See also Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature).

Oil Quenched 860C

(Ref. 4)

baa

a
...:::.

> SOO

:r:

450

400

3S0

1~2dio

...

\
\ \
\\ f'....

-----

~~di1

/ l..

3 ~dio

"- t---.."""'--

20

1/ /

--"~ V
a

1'0

20

1'0

Distance from centre

of bor

(in).

FII. 17.8

Oil Quenched 860C Tempered 600C

350

"-

~
:x:

300

""\.... " -

I--.

Ilozd;~

2~t7~;

- / "1'\-

j~ d'G.

r--..
200

2'0

4l1dia. ___

1'5

10

0'5

o istane&

0
from

Fi,. 17.9

0'5
Clnt.1

(joY

10

I'S

2'0

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

ASTM

Process 01

Grain

Manufacture

Size

Section

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Size
di.

Mo

Heat
Treatment

(in.)
0'31
0'31

..
..

B.O.H.

0'31

0'39
0'37

1071
1'53

..
..

022

1'42

0'029

....

0'5%
P.S.
(O'SR p )

..
..

4sq
1

Y.P.
(R s )

T.5.
(R m )

Tons/sq.in.

OQ.850T.600
T.!>60

1i
H

046

0028

0'65

....

0'1%
0'2%
P.S.
P.S.
(0'1R p) (0'2Rpl

67'2
57'6
48'2
47'5

..

..

T.620

72'2
65'2
58'3
558
58'8

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

(Z)

21t
18t
20 t
20t
20

59
55
52
59

Izod
It. lb.

6-4
57
81
74
60

ReI.

5
1

..
..

-B.O.H.

0'32

023

1'51

0'023

0'36

0037

WQ.840 T.590

544

....
..

B.O.H.

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

6-a

..
..

...

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
....

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0'15

0'33

I
B.EA

..

033

..6
..
..
..
..
..

....
....
..
..

..
..
..

0'33

..
..
..
....
..

..
....
..
..

...

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
....

0'28

..

....

..
..
..

1'40

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0'022

..
..
..
..
..
..
..,.
..

0030

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

040

..
..

012

021

1'49

..

0'12

1'51

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0'13

..
..
..
....

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..

..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0'08

..
....
..

..

..
....

..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..

It (M)
H (C)

..

1i

037

0'''''

..
..

0'48

..
....
..
..

..

..
..
..
..
..
..

..

6-4'0

18

42

6-4

..

..
..

(M)

(0)

(C)

..

(M)

(C)

..
..

(0)

(M)
(0)

3 sq
H (M)

....
..
..
..

..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..

(e)

(M)

(C)

(M)

(C)
(M)

IC)

(M)

(C)

(M)

(C)

(M)

(C)
(M)

(C)

..

.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ....
..
.. ..
.. ..

OQ860 T.600 AC

..
..
..
..
..
..

..

OQ.840 T.590
T.600
OQ.850 T.550 AC

..
..
.....
..
..
..
..
..

....
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

T.600
T.650
T.550
T.600
T.650

....

..
..
..
..
....
..
..

....

..
..
.. ..

T.550

T.600

--

61'5
510
51'5
560
52'5
54'0
60'0
500
465
480

680
60'5
61'0
6-40
60'0
61'5
650
59'0
56'0
59'0

61'2
43'5

....

23
25
24
24
22
24
21
22
22
21

62
65
62
6-4
60
62
60
58
57
57

67
74
73
72
6-4
58
62
62
76
H

17t
18
19 t

50

""

69
73
45
45
82
88
98
97
23
20
98
91
93
93
18
12
43
50

..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

50'4

51-6

52'9

67'0
53'4
63'8

450

455

457

552

24

6H

43'4

43'4

<43'4

52'5

26

66

"",0

450

46'0

58'2

20

5H

39'6

40-0

400

498

26

60t

36'0

360

36'0

46'0

2st

68

41'9

42'8

43'0

568

21

52

36'8

36'8

36'8

<48'8

25

59t

56

..
..
..
..
..
....
1

..
....
..

..

-w

VI

::s

w
......

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

0'

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process of
Manufacture

G.-.in
Size

..

..

....
......
..

3&4

8.E.A

A.O.H.

Tensile

ASTH
C

..

033

....
..
...
..

0'33

....
..
....
..

033
0'33
0'33
0'33

Si

..

0'28

.
..
....
.
..

02-4

Hn

..

..

0'1)

1'51

....
......
..

1-57

1-67
1-75
1,"
1-70

Ni

0048

....
..
...

....
....
..
..

0'035

...

0'25

....
..

..

Cr

..

0'08

....
....
....

0'10

Ho

..

0'48

....
..
..
...

0056

0'-45
0-43
046
0'46

Section
Size
dia.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

'C

..
..

H
H

.. ..

.....
.
...

.. ..
.. ..

(C)

OQ.850 T.620 AC

(C)

H (C)
i (C)

H
2i

..

OQ.850 T.650 AC

(H)
(0)

....
..

Y.P.
(R s)

T.S.
(R m )

Tons/sq.in.

(H)
(C)

1i (C)

059

02% 0'5%
0'1%
P.5.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'1R p) (0'5R pl (0'5R p)

....
.. ..

T.59O WQ
T.+IO
T.200

OQ.850 T.600
T.59O
T.620
T.660

340

39'3
-41'2
-43'8
56'3
77'0
80'0
76'5

340

+10

)<4'0

67'2
6-4'2
-49'6
428

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)
(Z)

2-4

66

52'5
5-4'8
56'2
67'5
86'8
119'8
1218
n'2
684
58'6
526

21
22
21 !
19
13

55
58
60
55
46
37
-42

68'8
68-4
524
50-4
90'6
76'6

21
20
21
2S
10

,..

16
21i
19
21
22!

Izod
ft. lb.

86

17
2-4
23
43
5
8
14
6-4
46
68
87

Ref.

.
...

..
....

..

....
..
5

-0'3-4
0'3-4
0'34

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

..

..
..
..
...
...
...

0')<4

8.0.H.

A.O.H.

3-'1

0')<4
0'34

..
....

022
0'19

..
...

023

....
..
..

....
..
0'32

1'80
1'42
1'58

..
..

0029
002-4

..

1-5-4

0'45
0'40
0'-46

0'039
0033

....
..
...

0'-49

...
...
....
..

..
....
..

..

1-52
1-74

...

..

0'037

0'033

0,'"

0'19

0'51
041

..

071

..

2i
3i
H

..

.....
..
.

2
3

..

1i
2 !

..

4
6

....
....
....
..
..
.
...
....
..

OQ.850 T.600
T.575
T.635
T.6-45
T.-400 AC
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.600
T.650
T.600
T.650
T.600
T.650

6-4.-4
60'8
40'8
40'0

N.875 OQ.850 T.600

OQ.8-40 T.600
T.650

"'6
62'8
$-4'0
49'0
52'1

.....

....
...

n'3

62'-4
535
564
52'1
574
52'3
57'6
51'4

..
..
...

...

....

73'5
679
609
578
585

,..

19i
22!
2S
21i
24
21
23
17!
21
19 I

lSi

22!
22!
21i

S7
61
61
29
47
SH
57
61i
S9
62i
57

59i
40
54!
58!

70
59
56
-46
5
2-4
+I
75
88
7S

5
6

53
71
36
46

..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..

40
51
62
68
67

......

92

-4
9

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Ten.i1e

Chemical Composition (%)

Proce.s of
Manufacture

ASTM

Grain

Size

034

Si

0'18

Mn

1'73

Ni

0'2"

Cr

0'17

Mo

0'52

..

0'35

..

1-6

..
..

0....

B.O.H.

0'35
0'35

..

023

155
1"60

OOll

..

0028

05..
0'..2

8.0.H.
8.0.H.
8.0.H.
8.0.H.
B.O.H.

0'35
0'35
0'35
0'35
0'35

0'26
0'15
0'15
015
0'13

160
1-38
1'56
136
150

0016
0040
0023
0040
0'027

0023
0'025
0033
0025
002..

0
0'51
0'-46
051
(H7

..

..

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
A.O.H.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

1i-

OQ.850 T.650

0'5%
0'1%
0'2%
P.S.
P.S.
P.5.
(O'IR p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

Y.P.
(R.)

T.S.
(R m)

EI
(%)
(A)

Tons/sq.;n.
-46'1

-46'"

-468

26t

5"'6

R.A.
(%)

Izod
ft. lb.

Ref.

(Z)

6Jt

--

----

..

Section
Size
dia.

3-5
6
3-5
5

..

6-7
5-7
6-8

..

0'35
0'35
0'35
0'35

..

..
..
..
....
..
..
....
..

035

...

....
..

..

..
..

0'17
0'21
0'23
02..

..
..

..

..

1"60
1'58
1-47
1'..5

....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...

160

....

..
..
....

..

..

0020
0013
0044
0037

..
..

..

..

..

0041
0035
0'041
0029

..
..

0'13
0'15
013
011

..

010
0'26
0'34
0'15

..
..

005
007
005
006

..

0'08
0'18
0'12
006

..
..

..

0'52
0
0'..1
0..5

..
..
0'..5
..
..

..
..
....
..
....
..
..
..
....
..

.. ....
..
..

..

122'7
102'0
99 ..
89'2
84'9
81-7
696
57'6
55'6
5....

.. .. ....
.. .. ..
.... .. ....

783
79'2
69'8
69..
52'1
53'6

828
83'6
7....
7"'3
596
59'2

..
....

..
.. ..
..
..
..
..
..

..

1i

WQ.7BO T.660
T.700
T.610
N.875 OQ.850 T.600
.. OQ.850T.600
OQ.850 T.615
T.600

H
H
H
H
It
1i-

2
3
0564

..
..
....

OQ.840 T.200 OQ
T.300
T.400
T...50
T.500
T.S50 OQ
T.600
T.650
FC
T675 OQ

..

1i-

....
..

..
..
....

.... ..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
.
....
..
.... ..

T.600
OQ.850 T.660
OQ.86O T.570
T.600
T.630 AC
T.610

1i

623
58'8
596
70'1
5-4'8
65'6
59'6
56'"
650
600
55'0
..80
670
705
68'1
66
68
59
1275
112'1
1019
93'1
877
82'7
73'2
61-3
596
562

OQ.840 T.650

..
6
Ii
..

2t

Jt

(C)
(0)

(0)

(C)

(C)

(0)

OQ.840 T.5SO OQ
T.600

T.650

56'0
50'2
509
65'2
..7'6
52'"
-488
..7'6
57'0
520
-465
390
600
625
61-7

21t
21 t
21
19 t

20
18 t
19t

61
52
5..
6Jt
61t
61 t
6Jt
59t
61t
57 t
57t

40

24

19
20
26
21
21
25

86

..9
..

..

..6

..
..
..
..

10

16
16t
20 t
21t
II
2..

36
52
53
50
52
59
62
59
64

62
64
65
98
97
69
51
..1
88
65
73
13
7
11
18
30
"3
63
83
75
89

13
1st
17t
18 t
21
II

"2
..7
52
55
61
62

..3
..5
58
62
87
87

...

2S

72
65
60
57
90
38

12
16t

Ht

..
..
....

......

..1

..
..
....
..

..
..

..
..

..
..

::J

\AI
.....

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

CO

(conti n ued)
Chemical Composition (%)
ProeMs of
Manufacture

ASTM
Grain
Size

Tensile
Section
Size

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

di.

Mo

(in.)

....
..
......
...

..
..
..
..
..

..

0'35

1'60

....
..
....
..

..
..
..

..

...

..
....

..
..
..

..

3t

0'~5

....
....

..

..

..
....
..
....
..
..
..
....

(C)
(0)

Hsq (C)(L)
(M)(L)
(O)(L)
(C)(T)
(M)(T)
(O)(T)
(C)(L)
(M)(L)
(O)(L)
(C)(T)
(M)(T)
(O)(T)

0'2%
0'1%
0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O'lR p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p )

Heat
Treatment
C

Y.P.
(Rs )

T.S.
(R m )

.. . ..
.... .. ....
.. ..
...... .... ....
... .. ....
.. .. ..
.. . ..
.. ... ....
... .. ..
T.600

T.650

EI
(%)

R.A.
(%)
(Z)

22
23t
15
18*
19t
1st
16t
16t
23
22
23t
17t
19 t
19

59
62
28
55
59
36
39

(A)

Tons/sq.in.

OQ'8-40 T.675 OQ

I
I

Izod
ft.lb.

Ref.

87
87
70
65
62
33
32
32
78
79
76
50
50

..
..
...
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..

!
52'0
53'2
552
57'3

58'6
58'0
63'0
~.~

~'1

69'0

52'2

6O.~

5~'5

63'1

60'9
~2'1
~3'6
~5'6
~6'2

50'2
538

68'~

52'1
52'5
5~'9

560
58'7
61'1

~7

55
59
~
~7

52
52

--

.....

B.O.H.

..
......
..

5~

6
5-7
6

...
..
..

..
..

5~

0'36
0'36
0'36
0'36

..
..
...

..

0'39
0'36

..
..
.

0'15
0'14
0'15
0'22

...
....
..
..

0'29

1'56

...

1'~

H3

..

..
..

..

1'71
1'82

..

..
..

0'021
0'027
0'02~

....

0032

..
..
..

..

..

0'035

0'035
0'037
0032

..
..
....
....

0'~5

..

0'03~

..
..

..
..

0'36

B.O.H.

0'36

0'2~

B.O.H.

0'36

0'24

0'30

0'16
014
0'10
0'16

....
..

..
..
..

..

0'16

008
0'15
005
0'11

....

..
....
..

..

0'11

O'~

0'%
0%

....

0'~3

..

..
..
..
..

0'53
O'~

..

1'61

0'36
B.O.H.

H~

0'%

1'62

0020

0'026

..

0'~2

..

0'~9

1'~

0'027

0'037

0'50

1-63

..

0'025

0'~7

..

..
...
..

4t

....

..

1i
xi(L)
(T)
(L)

..

1t

H
H

1i
2t
11
H
H
H
1 i sq.

(T)

OQ.86O T.610 AC
T.610
WQ.7BO T.610
OQ.870 T.~5

.. ..
.. ..
..
....

WQ.8~ T.~5

T.660 2hr
T.650 lhr
T.620
OQ.850 T.630
OQ.~O

....

6~'0

53'8

T.6~

T.630

. ..
... ..

OQ.8~

590
620
60'0
52'2
53'5
51'0
529
520
520

T.620

OQ.850 T.570
T.615
WQ.8-40 T.620
OQ.860 T.580

65'0
68'0
67'0
55'2
559
53'9
55'5
5~'1

568
66'~

608
60'5
60'2

22
20
18
2st
16
26t
18
25
26
2H
19 *
21 *
17

6H
55
~5

~t

3st

~*

39t
63t
63t
57
58
35

..
..
....
..
..
...

60
59
55
73
13
82
12
82
79
56
50

10

~5

61

..
--

63'~

62'8
58'0
58'8
%0
52'8
63'6

69'~

67'5

66'~
68'~

57'6
608
70'~

20
19
22
21
20
22
18

59
59
50
52
52

..

5~

...
..

51
75
76
67
67

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT

ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process 01
Manufacture

Tensile
Section

ASTM
Grain
Size

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Size
dia.

Heat Treatment

(in.)

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
BO.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

6
6

..

4-7

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

5-6
6

037
0'37
0'37
0'37
0'37
0'37
0'37
0'37

....

..

0'38
0'38
0'38
0'38

028
0'15
0'15
0'24

0'38
0'38

..

..

4-5

....
..

030

0'37

..

A.O.H.

0'16
0'18
0'16
0'15
0'16
0'29

..

..

..

..
..

0'21
0'16
0'18

033
0'29

1'60
1....

0'027
0'030

0'029
0036

1'68

0'025

1-57

..

....

..
..

..

0'29

....

1'47

..

..

..

..
..
..

2
3

0....
a'45

..

0036

..

0'11

0'12

0'46

0'034

0'024

..

0'29

0'12

0'50

..

..

..

..

..

0'39

..

0'28

1-58

0038

0'038

5-7

..

..

0'39

0'28

1-52

0045

0'033

0'39

0'30

..

1'59

0'028

0'037

...

0'10
0'11

..

5-7

1-53

3t

Tr
0'20

..
..

0'028

040

hex

H
H

0'039

..

..

..
..

1! hex

Ht

0 ....
0'54
0'47
0'45

1-50

..6

..

0'10
0'09
O'OS

..

..
..
..

..

li

..

..

0'29

..
..
..
..

0'12
O'OS
005

0'43
049
0....
0'39
039
0'50
0'50
0'45

0'032

..
....
..

....
..

0'048
0025
0'026
0032

..

0'39

0'09
0'10
0'17

0'023
0'029
0'033
0047

0'38

4-6

009

1'75
1-58
1'54
1'56

0'29

..
..

0'036
0'040
0043
0'036
0034
0'031

..

0'38

.
..

..

0038
0'027
0'039
0'028
0'020
0046

0'033

4-6

..
..8

1'52
1-53
1'40
1'60
1043
1-62
1'53
1'56

..
..
..
..

..

..
..

0'13

..
..

..
..
..
..

0'07

..
..

..

..
..

..

0....

..
..
..
..

..
..

0'23

0'11

..

0'41

0'24

0'09

..

0....

0'21

0'08

..

051

0'11

..

0'51

..
..
..
on
..

..
..
..
..
..
..

0'37

1.
2
3
4

3t
1.

H
H

2
3

..

OQ.&40 T.620
T.650
OQ.860 T.620
WQ.&40T.600
OQ.860 T.570 WQ
T.610 AC
WQ.870 T.620 WQ
OQ.B50 T.615
T.600

..

OQ.850 T.655
OQ.86O T.610 AC

..

.. ..

.... ..

53'2
670
610

OQ.850 T.615
T.600
OQ.850 T.650 T.580
OQ.B50 T.640
T.630
T.640
T.630
T.615
T.600

..
....
..
..
..

400

..

..
....
..
..
..

li

OQ.830 T.650

..

577
59'6
55'6
560
50'0
600
540

.. ..
OQ.850 T.640
.. T.620

H
3f
H
H
H
H
f

Y.P.
(R s )

..

..

T.S.
(R m )

Tons/sq.;n.

OQ.850 T.640
T.620
T.640
T.620
T.640
T.630
T.640
T.630

3t

0'2% 0'5%
0'1%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O'lRp> (0'2Rp> (0'5R p )

..

T.670

65'1
64'6
620
65'6
600
670
600
66'0
680
550
60'2
638
61'6
720
69'0
660
66'0
62'0
49'0
62'5
54'6
64'1
63'2
66
68
59
58'8
57'2
61'4
57'6
62'1
57'8
596
56'0

51'6
48'1
50'4

594
55'1
528

EI

(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

20

17

ReI.

61
71
68
55
61
69

..9
..6
..

(Z)

21

18
20
19

Izod

It. lb.

47
50
59t
50

23t
17

64
39

21
18
20

57
5li

50

90

78
54
66
86
27

..4

60
54
59
72

6
10

26

nt

17
19t
18 t

21

17t

20

nt
n

21
21
18

n
n

26

66
58
39
53t
46

57
39
57
62
58
56
5'"
39
62
66
66

..

10

66
78
60
57
54
37
79
69
85
58
H
59
71
43
69
52
65
69

..
..
..

.
..
...
....
..
4

11
4

..
..
4

....
..
..
..
..

...

En 17
Properties of the British Standard En steels

320

EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

1 .. in. dla bars Oil Hardened 850C

(Ref. 12)

:!

...
..:

.;
.,. 40

.l'!
c

30

...

..S

..:;
~

OL.-------'-------:-':--:-------:::
400
500
000
700
Temperinc temperature C
FiC. 17.10

Enl7
Manganese-Molybdenum Steel (Higher Molybdenum)

EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

OQ.850oC T. 600C AC
(Ref. 12)
90

80

70

.......... 1'''''';1, -

J;~/O'
bO

~"

;---.

"'-

IlOd

so

et

40

--

'f'"9 1h

Reduction of ortO

20 I - Elonqation

Diam tier

of bo r

FI,. 17.11

(in)

..............

321

En 17
322

of the British Standard En steels

Properties

EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

(continued)
OQ.8S0C T. 625C AC
(Ref. 12)
'I 0

80

- - r----.

Izod

0
"/'ISil,

60

........

~ht-~

50

Roducrion of arle

..........

~S1r.ss

OQ. 850C T. 650C AC

'10

80

(Ref. 12)

Elonq arion

20

I--

70

10

4
Diam.r.r

............

Fi. 17.12

r--

Reduc tion of area

Tensile

If"Q~
II

'tr.nqrh

40

Elonqatian

20

10

,
o

4
Diamet.r of bar

Fi._ 17.13

Q~

of bar (in'

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURES

Chemical Composition (%)

Tenlile
Section

Proceslof

Manufilcture

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Size
di.
(in.)

..
....
.
....

0'18

....
....
..
..
..
..

..

0)4

..
..
..
..
..
..

A.O.H.

..
..

0)4

..
..
..
..
..

..

0'26

..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
....
..

....
..
..
..
..

1-73

..

1'61

..
..

....
..

..
..

0'2-4

..
..
..

....
..
....

0035 0031

..
..

..
....

..
..

..

... ....

0'17

..
..
..
..

0'62

..
....
..

... ... ....

.. .. ..
.. .. .
.. .. ..

0'17

..
..

0'12

..
..
..

0'''9

..
...

Heat
Treatment

Telc
Temp.

00.850 T.650
..
..
.... I .. ....
.. I .... ....
..
..
..
.. ....

R.T.
0
-20
-40
-50
-70

.....

Ii

....
...

-n

Y.P.

(Ro)

T.S.
(Rm )

Tonl/lq. in.

,,1-3

46'1
48'0
48'6
"9'3
"9,2
523

""'6
"5'"

",,"
"",6
480

46'"
48'0
48'9
"9'6
"9'3
52'4

46'8
48'2
"9'9
50'0
"9'6
525

54'6
56'6
57'1
59'8
59'6
61'7

EI
(%)

R.A.
(%)

26i
27
2st
29
26
26i

6H
62
60
56t

(A)

Izod
fc. lb.

Ref.

(Z)

set

5et

n
n

11
5"

""

..
.
..

..

21

--

... ....

N.850 T.66O AC

.. .. ..
.. .. ..
.... ... ....

0'05% 0'1%
0'2%
0'5%
L.P.
P.S.
P.S.
P.5.
P.S.
(O'05R p) (O'IR p) (0'2Rp) (0'5R p)

00.850 T.6002hr
00.850 T.6502hr

R.T.
- 75
-196
R.T.
- 75
-196
R.T.
- 75
-196

352
59,"

353

600
456

35'"
60'1

35'5

60'2

"5'7

451
51'8
628
66'1
73'0
91'1
SO 8
583
795

2H
28
2
18
23

2
25
211
2

64
64

8
59
57
8

6St

62
H

..
...

13

....
.
..
..

W
IV

::I

En 17
Properties of the British Standard En steels

324

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

Chemical Composition (%)

Si

0'34 026

Mn
1-61

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'17

0'12

0'49

0035 0031

Acid Open Hearth

(See also Mechanical Properties at Low Temperature).

N. 850C T. 660C AC.

(Ref. 13)
IbO

140

r'V'notCh

/
/

120

.
~
~

100

...

&0

......

bO

40

20

~
-100

-so

f",r,,~

1/

V
r.mp.ratur.oe.

Fi,. 17.14

+50

En 17
Manganese-Molybdenum Steel (Higher Molybdenum)

325

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

(continued)
QQ. 850C T. 600C AC.

(Ref. 13)
IbO

140

120

1/

100

t!

V
FibrOUI (roeture

ill

80

[I

40

20 eharpy

QQ. 850C T. 650C A.C.

(Ref. 13)
1& 0

IV~ ~

-200

14 0

-100

+100

120

Temperature e.

FiC. 17.15

..

(harpy V "orch

17 (

100

Fibrous fracture

(See page 324 for details of steel tested)

40

20

II
ff

~
~

-200

-100
Tomparatu,.e

FiC17.16

+100

:::I

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

Process of
Manufacture

ASTM
Grain
Size

..
..
.....
...

.....
6

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

.. ... .... .... .... .... ....

.... .... .... .... .... ... ....
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .... .. . ....
... .... .... .. .... ... ..
..
...
......
..
..

....
.....
..
..

0)4

AO.H.

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Cl-26

0'-40

1-61

0035 0G31

0'17

g'12

0-49

0'52

1'53

Section
Size
dia.

Heat

Treatment

Test
Temp.

(in.)

'C

'C

..
....
....
....
..

It

...t

...
...

....

N.850 T.66O 2hr

...

OQ.850 T.6502hr

.. .
.. ..
.. ..
.. ....

OQ.850 T.6002hr

OQ.830 T.650

R.T.
300
600
R.T
300
600
R.T.
300
600

02%
0'1%
0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.5.
(O'IR p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

Y.P.
(R s)

T.S.
(R m)

R.A.
(%)
(Z)

-457
-45'5
2-4.-4
508
50'4
26'0
66'1
65'0
37'2

29t
2H
27t
25
23i
29
18
20
25

61
8Si
6Si
6H
8H
59
63
81

6-4

1-4

55'5
5-47
585
53'7

2H
20i
17i
25i

65
60
45
60

.....

Axial
(Haigh)
Fatigue Limit
10'rev

Ref.

Tons/sq.in.
35-4
31-6
16"

35'3
30'5
15'3
-45'6
36'8
15'1
60'0
50'3
200

378
16'3
60'1
52'3
21'4

35'5
33'6
18'2
-45'7
394
180
60'2
$4'6
24'8

R.T.
150
250
300

Izod
ft. lb.

EI
(%)
(A)

Ref.

......
...
.....
1

FATIGUE PROPERTIES
Tensile
ASTM
Grain
Size

..
6

..
..

Chemical Composition (%)

Section
Size

dia.

Si

Mn

..
...

022

1'043

0'36

..
..

.
...

Ni

Cr

..

0'0-45

..
....

0'16

..
..
..

0'11

0032

..

..

..
..
..

Mo

..
..
..

0'43

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

'C

.
.

Y.P.
(Rs )

T.S.
(R m)

Tons fsq.in.

.
..

t
i

OQ.8-40 T.660 2hr

t
i

OQ.B-40 T.620 1hr

(0 Notch

EI
%
(A)

R.A.
%
(Z)

Rotating Bending
(Wohler)
Fatigue Limit (10' rev)
Plain

Notched

527
502

5-4'6
527

2H
2H

63i
66

31-7

137

61'8
63'6

66'1
66'2

20i
21

59
59

36'6

13'1

Plain

25

36'2

i' Whitworth form 0020 in. deep. 0.0. 0.335 in. Root dia. 0'295 m.).

..
...
2

En 17
Manganese-Molybdenum Steel (Higher Molybdenum)

327

LIST OF REFERENCES

1. Private correspondence with the United Steel Companies Limited.

2. T. SWinden, Leaded manganese molybdenum steel.}. Iron & Steel Inst. Vol. 148, No.2.p. 441, 1943.
3. Atlas

of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of the 8.S. E.n Steels, Iron and Steel Institute special report No.56, 1956.

4. Symposium on the hardenability of steel. Organized

b~

the Technical Advisory Committee of the Special and

Alloy Steels Committee (Ministry of Supply) and the Iron and Steel Institute. Iron and Steel Institute Special Report
No. 36, 1946.
5. Private correspondence with Firth-Brown Limited.
6. Private correspondence with the Park Gate Iron and Steel Co. limited.
7. Private correspondence with .Brown Bayley Steels limited.
8. Private correspondence with Edgar Allen and Co. Limited.
9. 8ritish Standard 971. Commentary on the 8ritish Standard Wrought Steels E.n Series. British Standards Institution
London. 1950.
10. Private correspondence with Clyde Alloy Steel Co. Limited.
11. Private correspondence With Jessop-Saville Limited.
12. Private correspondence with the English Steel Corporation limited.
13. British Iron and Steel Research Association unpublished data.
14. Private correspondence with Hadfields Limited.

En 18
I PER CENT CHROMIUM STEEL
SPECIFICATION
(%)

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
C

En 18
En leA(l)
En 18B(I)
En 18C(1)
En 180(1)

Mn

Si

0'35~'45

0'10~'3S

0'27~'32

0'10~'3S

0'60~'95

0'65-0'80

0'30~'35

0'10~'3S

0'65~'80

0'35~'38

0'10~'35

0'65~'80

0'38-0'43

0'10-0'35

0'65-0'80

0'050
0050
0'050
0'050
0050

Cr

0050
0050
0'050
0050
0'050

max
max
max
max
maX

0'85-1'15
0'85-1'15
085-1'15
0'85-1'15
0'85-1'15

max
max
max
max
max

(1) Supplied to composition only. Mechanical properties are not part of the contractual obligations.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Hardened & Tempered Condition
R
Limiting ruling section, in.

Tensile strength, Tons/sq.in., min. (Rml

Yield stress (I) Tons/sq.;n., min. (R s)
0'2% Proof stress (2) Tons/sq.in., min. (0'2 Rp )
Elongation, per cent, min. (A)
Izod Impact ft-Ib, min.
Brinell hardness number (3)

4
45
H
32
22
40
201/255

s
2t

50
38
36
20
40

223/2n

11

55

41
18
40

248/302

1. Not to be used as acceptance tests except by special arrangement between the purchaser
and manufacturer.

2. When specifically requested in the enquiry or order.

3. For information purposes only. Not contractual part of the specification.

RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
UNITED KINGDOM

I
En No.
18

18A

B.S.
5005/601

AMERICA
B.S.
Air

S.A.E.

A.I.S.!.

5115
5117

5135
5140

5135
5140

5115

18B

18C

180

FRANCE

5115

5115

A.F.N.O.R.

5130

5130

32C4

5132

5132

32C4

5135

5135

38 C 4

5140

5140

38 C 4

328

GERMANY
Werk.toff
No.

Name

1.7035

41Cr4

1.7033

1.7033

HCr4

41Cr4

D.I.N.
1654
17200
17210

1654
17200

1654
17200
17210

I
I

U.S.S.R.
GOST

Mark

4543-61

35 KhRA
38KhA
40 KhR
40 KhGR

4543-61

35 Kh
30 Kh
30 KhRA

4543-61

35 Kh
30 Kh
30KhRA

4543-61

35 Kh
35 KhRA
38KhA

4543-61

38 KhA
40Kh
40KhR

En 18
1 per cent Chromium Steel

329

APPLICATIONS
A general purpose steel which may be heat treated to produce a tensile strength of 45 Tons/sq.in. and upwards
depending on the section size, with good ductility and resistance to shock. It possesses good resistance to abrasion and
is also suitable for flame or induction hardening to develop a hard wear resistance surface.
It is used in the automobile industry for gears, connecting rods, steering levers, spindles, axles and crankshafts. It is
also used for spanners, hammers, socket wrenches and similar small tools. On account of its superior wear resistance to plain
carbon steel it Is used for agricultural machinery parts; lining plates and for blades for handling cement and abrasive dust;
lining plates, paddles and drums for concrete and tar mixers, valve cages and sleeves for concrete pumps; excavator cutting
blades and teeth, elevator links and pins etc.

WELDING
(see Introduction for key to symbols used in this table)
Weldin, Process

En 18

MA

ex

IG

Reproduced by kind permission or H.M.S.O.

MACHINABILITY
The machinability of En 18, 18A, 18B, 18C and 180 in the annealed condition is approximately 50 to 55% ofthat of mild
steel (En 3). In the heat treated condition the machinability of En 18A and En 18B Is approximately 45% of that for mild
steel and the machinability of En 18C is approximately 40% of that for mild steel.

HOT WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES

Forging rolling and stamping
Annealing
Normalizing
Softening (subcrltical annealing)
Hardening
Tempering for 100 ton condition
for other purposes

1200 finish
850-8800 C
850-8800 C
650-700o C
850-880C
180-200C
550-700C

above 850C
Furnace cool
Air cool
Air cool
011 quench
Air cool
Air, 011 orWater quench.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (d)
Process or
Manufacture

A.Q.H.

Chemical Composition (%)

-C--S-i--M-n--S--p--N-i--C-r--M-o-

0'31
0'37
0'39
0'46

..

..
..

..

0'20
0'22
0'18
0'21

..
..
..
..

0'69
0'78
0'79
093

..
..
..
..

0'036
0'042
0030
0034

..
..
..
..

0039
0029
0'023
0028

0'07
0'12
0'18
0'17

..

..
..

..
..
..

....

1'09

0.99
103
0'95

..

..
....

0'01

Heat
Treatment

A.860
0.Q870 T.600
OQ.830 T.640 OQ
A.nO
OQ.850 T.550
T.600
T.650
T.680

....
..

Specific Gravity
at 20"C

NH2 (at lSC)

7'83
7BS
7829
7'824
7'824
7'828
7'828

Ref.

..

..
....

::s

-co
w

SPECIFIC HEAT (e)

Chemical Composition (%)

of

A.O.H.

0'31
0'37

Si

Mn

0'20
022

0'69
078

0'036
0042

0'039
0'029

Ni

Cr

Mo

007
0'12

1'09
0'99

0'01

Mean Specific Heat, Cal/e dee C

Heat
Treatment

Process
Manufactu re

2Oto
100"C

2Oto
200"C

20to
300"C

2Oto
<4OO"C

20to
500"C

20to
600"C

2Oto
700"C

2Oto
800"C

20to
9O()OC

2Oto
1000"C

0'118

0'121
0'113

0'124
0'118

0'128
0'124

0'133
0'129

0'140
0'134

0'148

0'166

0'165

0'161

C
A.860
OQ.870 T.600

o
Ref.

1
2

-i

MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION (a)

Chemical Composition (%)

Heat
Treatment

Process

of

Manufacture

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

A.O.H.

0'31
0'37
0'39

020
0'22
0'18

0'69
0'78
079

0'036
0042
0,030

0'039
0'029
0'023

0'07
0'12
0'18

109
09'1
1'03

0'01

~.

10" X Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion/dee C

C
A.860
OQ870 T.600
OQ.850 T.640 OQ

2Oto
100"C

2Oto
200"C

2Oto
20to
300C <4OO"C

12'3
12'2
12'3

13'0
12'75
13'0

13'4
133
13'7

13'8
139
14'4

2Oto
500"C
14'2
14'35
15'0

2Oto
2Oto
600"C 700"C
146
14'7
157

14'9

2Oto
l000"C

Ref.

12'7

13'7

1
2

2Oto
800"C

2Oto
9O()OC

12'2

StD
0>

~
....
;;;.

l;')

8'

:J

get

I'T1

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY

:J

(e)

....
'"tD

Chemical Composition (%)

Process

of
Manufaceure

Si

A.O.H.

0'31

..

0'20

0'37
0'39

0'22
0'18

Mn

.. ..

0'69
0'78
0'79

Ni

Cr

Mo

..

0039

..

007

..

1'09

..

0'01

0'042
0'030

0'029
0'023

0'12
0'18

0'99
1'03

0'036

Heat
Treatment
C
A.860
WQ.950
OQ.870 T.600
OQ.850 T.640 OQ

tD

;;;

Electrical Resistivity, microhm- em

Ref.

20"C

l00"C

200"C

300"C

<4OO"C

500"C

600"C

700"C

800"C

9O()OC

l000"C

21'0
27'5
230
21'8

259

33'0

41'7

51-7

636

n'8

93'4

110'6

114'5

1177

280
28'1

352
35'1

43'5
42'6

535
53'1

65'0
64'5

76'5
78'4

1
18
2

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (k)

Chemical Composition (%)

Proceu
of

Thermal Conductivity, Cal/cm s dec C

Heat

Treatment

Manufacture

Si

Mn

Nl

Cr

Mo

A_O_H_

0-31
0-37

0-20
0-22

0-69
0-78

0-036
0-042

0-039
0-029

0-07
0-12

1-09
0-99

0-01

20
C

100
C

200
C

300
C

400
C

500
C

600
C

700
C

800
C

900
C

1000
C

0-115

0-111
0-107

0-106
0-104

0-101
0-099

0-092
0-090

0-085
0-084

0-076
0-075

0-069

0-062

0-064

0-067

C
A.860
OQ.870 T.600

Ref.

1
2

YOUNG'S MODULUS (E)

Chemical Composition (%)
C

..
....

Si

..
..
..

Mn

..
..
..
....
....

..

099

0023

0'18

..

103

0'78

..

0042

0029

039

0'18

0'79

...

..

...

..
..
.....
..

0030

0'21

093

0034

..

..

..
..
....
..
..

..

0-028

..

..

..

..

..

0-17

OQ.870 T.6OO
T.700
OQ.850 T.640

....
..
..

....
....

..
....
..
....

095

Test

Temperature

Mo

0-12

0-22

Cr

Ni

0-37

..
..
046
..

Heat

Treatment

..
....

..
..

A.nO
OQ.850 T.550

Younc's Modulus
Tons/sq_in.
Dynamic

Static

R.T.
R.T.
20
100
200
300
400
500
600
20
20

Ref.

"0

CD

...

..

13.400
13.500

13;200
13.200

...
..

13.700
13,450
13,000
12.550
12,100
11,400
10.600

C)

....
..

:I
C
:I

...

!!.

o Vibration method.

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Chemical Composition (%)
C
0'37

Mn

Si

Ni

0'22 078 0'042 0029 0'12

(Analysis within specification)

..

..

Cr
099

Heat
Treatment
C
OQ.870 T.6OO
OQ.8S0
OQ.850 T.6OO

Maenetlc Induction B (CauII) for Macnetizinc Field of H (oemed) H -S

10

200
390

1000
520
1200

20

30

40

noo

12000

14200
6450
14900

1620
10470

50

60

15400 16000
8970 10500
15530 15950

80

100

150

200

250

16800

17400
13280
16930

18100
14890
17620

18600
15980
18210

19200

Coercive Remanence
Force H c
Brem
Ref.
(oented) I (CaUII)
20
33-5
16

14300
8830
13370

...

....

IN
IN

m
:::s

-co

En 18
of

Properties

332

the 8rltlsh Standard E.n steels

TRANSFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS
ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION
Chemical Composition (%)
C

SI

Mn

Ni

Cr

0'32

0'30

0'76

0010

0'021

0'26

1'08

Electric Arc.
Actual grain size 10-11.
Austenltlzing temperature 850C. 30 min.
Ar

800

~
Art:
f--

.- -- -

--- - '- p...- ~ ' -

A V

700 I - -

bOO

SOO

i/

f-. -

I-- -

I'

,,
I

v
o

JOO I - -

--

--- --

....

"'-r----.. r-....

"I

"-.. r-...

.~( I-

.- "
I

1--- h_

i'--- .............

I--I -

~ 1-

f... - - I--

-- .-

.-

,- ~

V I.........

I--

-- -- -

/1..--

A+F /1.--' ...... ...... .......... l-V-'

FtC
I AT{~ +C
~

. '-- -

(Ref. <J)

I-- 1 -

"'--

-- I - - t7'

-- --

V
-

.............

I- -

.............

l,...--

f-- I--

A+M

200

100

10

20

40 I

10

'2

20

Duration

40 I

Hr.

Min.

01

i,,"hormal

fie. 18.1

Iroatmo.f.

10

20 I

Do.,.

En 18
333

1 per cent Chromium Steel

ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

0'38

0'26

074

0010

0'023

0'26

090

Electric Arc.
Actual grain size 9-10.
Austenitlzing temperature 8500 C 30 min.

--

800

700

'A
bOO

..
.....
Z

400

300

,
I

l -I -

~ --

I-

,,

- I-

- ..
....
VI-....
..... .. V-

l.-

i'\.,

......-

0.

I- -

I-

I-

_f--

V
V

iV ~/

- -

-f-

i/

A+:F/

500

--

~ ...J'"

- -

---

- I -I - -

(Ref. 'l.)

F+1C

I'---

At F;tC
,

'--lr--

X.

1---_

.;,'"

....

- I--

- I--

~ I-

l-

r-

VV

I---I-1'-_

r-~-

L--

l--'"

F+ C

I-

-l-

- l-

I--

V\+M

200

100

Sec.

10

20

40 I

Min.

Duralion

of

FiC. 18.2

10

isothermal

20

40 I
Hr.

Irealment.

10

20 I

Day.

En 18
334

of the British Standard En steels

Properties

---------------:._-----:'--------------------

ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION
(continued)

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

0'+4

0'31

080

0'013

0030

0'46

096

Electric Arc
Actual grain size 9
Austenitizing temperature 850C. 30 min.

lAc,.

eo

- - I- . 1-

I-:- . k

-1-

0 _

-- .- I - . 1 - - - - -

./

700

".

- I--

- -- e::.

I-- L:--

/ VV:~~V

,'"

It
V

A+ F
./ V
Io--

00

1-

.........
....

t.

./

....

~--

....

" -r--..

1'0,

I'-.. r-...
1--,

r---.-.

....

_/

~ t-..

'.

-..

A+M

1-- ~

I--

II--

-.-

--- -

r--r- t--

'- -

I-

'-

- I-- -

--

\
Ms.

....

F+C

A+P;C (

I (

-- l -

(Ref. 4)

1-

./

V
Vf;-(
r---=-

00

00

s.c.

10

20

10

40 I

20

Duration

<40 I
Hr.

Min.
of

jW)thermal

Fie 3.81

treatment.

10

20 I

Day.

En 18
335

1 per cent Chromium Steel

(continued)

ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

0'48

0'25

0'86

0021

0023

0'18

098

Mo

0'04

Acid Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size '4-5 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 5-6 (ASTM).
Bars hot rolled to tin. dia. cold drawn to 11 S.W.G. with
intermediate annealing at 600C.
Austenitizing temperature 860C. 30 min.

800

~. ~L ,--

700

\
bOO

/
500

400

"

v~ ~

\~ '".

((
/'"

./

1\\ f\
\\

~
\

300 I...

--

'" ,""'.~ ~
- )' ~

,,- -

- -::

f--

f--

~ ~ -::;;.

"

-- -

I-

.u

- --

- - - 1-..- - I-- -

,....-"
~

~~

0%

'"-

~'

(Ref. 5)

I--

-- --- -

"---

",

"

-- -

,/J

\
\

I\.

10%

qo~

100%

Trans formation

200

100
I

Sec.

10

20

40 I
Min.

Durohon

10

of isothermal

Fl. 18.4

20

40 I

tredmtnt.

Hr.

10

201
DO'f'

En 18
336

of the British Standard En steels

Properties

CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION

Chemical Composition (%)

------------C

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

0'32

030

0'76

0'010

0'021

0'26

1'08

Electric Arc.
Actual grain size 10-11.
Austenitizlng temperature BSOC. 30 min.

(Ref. 4)

900
850

~~~

I- _

- -

L-

f--

f0-

700

/~

1~~

bOO

i\

1\

~
"

v,

SOO

au

~.
I-

400

M,.
MSO ~300

--

1\

J
~~
\ \1\

~~ "i'(Jt-...

100

IHRc. SO

Sec.

1- 1------

_-

~\i\\

..

~-

f-

\\
1\ 1\1\ \\ ~ 1\ 1\ 1\\
I--L\ 1\

A+M

\0

- -

AF C

1\\\

200

~:~:,~
20

I-

I-

~ ~\
,\ \I~ P;\~~ \ 1\

\ ~

-- .- -

"'" " t\ ~ ~
- t:
r:-:::
~
~~:\ ~ I~ D~~ b-~ t.:-- ~- t:::
~'""'\

~ I'..

10

20

45

40 I

II~

1\

1\

311 224

38

10

182

20

f71

40 I

Hr.

Min.

FIC. 18.5

17b~.v1

10

20 I
Da~.

En 18
337

1 per cent Chromium Steel

CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION

(continued)

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

0'44

031

0'80

0013

0030

046

0'96

Electric Arc.
Actual grain size 9.
Austenitizing temperature 850C. 30 min.

(Ref. 4)

~ ~ .....

~ ~~ ~

-- \\l\\

r\ ~~

700

~
\ A\

!\

-\

::::: ~

"\
.......

\\ ~ \

,v

MSC 1--

--

A+M

2~

MIl<:

'"

K"
\

1\

1\

20

I 214

IHv.1

~,

\J

10

--

\\

Hrc Sq

Soc.

~I--

1\

1\ \

I----

..- b O

\\1\

A\~+C

MI

,....

bO

IS

~~.

...... -\-

\' \ \ \\R\-\ \
\ \\ r~ \\
\\ \ ~ \- \ I~\ \ \1\
\\\\ \\' 1\\
\1

1\

10 \ l\ / \ ~~ ~
\

1\\

soo

I-- ~
\ -- -- - ,-

\\ \
\
\\

bOO

'"

t"-...

~~1\

~ -~

40 I
M;"

Sb

SJ 50

Fie. 18.6

42

10

J& Jb

20

1\

27

40 I
Hr

10 1&

10

10'

0.,.

En 18
Properties of the British Standard En steels

338

CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION

(continued)
01/ Quenched from 8500 C

(Ref. 1)

'100
800

I
Austenite.

--Acl.

5~ ~-~~

~.l.

700

/(
VI
r:::::::::

&00

;;V

500

~OO

M.

MIO

JOO

MSO

~nlile.

20

--l

0/ ~~
/V

!',.

Alial po"n.

Ferrife+ Car bid.

Bainite.

-~

"'-

100

Mf

..

&
&

'1

8
I

7 V
[7

&

V-

K-L/

. Mid radial.

Nr.urfaa.

errite.

Start.

10 II

12 Jj

I~

10

'1
I

10

'1
I

II

12

15 It> 17

Bar dianallt equivaleN cooli",! ral. (in)

700

y-- L.--~

iJ.,~,_...

&00

~OO"C.
550C.
bOO~C.

SOO

-i
~

)( ~ ~~~of.

X/~

lOO
200
100

2
Herdn...

Fie 18.7

afler

&
Iranslonnolion.

'1

10

En 18
339

1 per cent Chromium Steel

CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION

(continued)

Water Quenched from 850C

(Ref. 1)
qOO

AU".J..

I--AcJ.
f.- . . cI.

aoo

700

1>00

SOO

00

M,
MIO

JOO

MSO

20~

MIO

Mf

10

~71/

errlte

S~orl.

~~
I~~
/"
V V
J
~

// J

I-'"

,........

8ainite .

V- ~

./'

1I

+ Corblde

Ferrite

../~

~
-/

~
~

~.

,~

o
I>
a
10
9
AJliol PO,""
Mid radi071.--.L---'---....L--.L---L--...lI>--....L------l- - - . l . .--....L,0
q
s
I+.IUrloe.

I>

700
1>00

~~

SOO

>

1:.

A,

10

II

12

13

I.

IS

q,,~nche

TSOOC.
TSOOoC.

lYdTI>OOOC
TI>SO c

~OO

~T7000c'

JOO

r---

200
100

I>
Hordt'cn

Her

Fi,. 18.8

trons formo1iOf'.

10

En 18
340

Properties

of

the British Standard En steels

CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION

(continued)
Air Cooled from 850C
(ReF. 1)
'100

.1

800

AustenIte.

f-Ac

J.

f--.Ac I.

~ / ~

VI

oU

l!

x.e

OVI.

500

.,

150%:7

11,,9-~ "7

,..-

700

r.

F.rrit.... Cor bid.

End.

II 1/
Bainite.

Iot'I
MI

1\

c:~
M50
...~

O~
Mf .~

2
Sa

diam.ter - .quival.nt

10

cooIinq rat. (in)

00

b 00
0
~

X 4'V\.

VA. :b.nched.

C.
I~ VVT50
T100 C
~

...Ii~JO0
X

200
10 0

Hard....

b
aft.r

FiZ. 18.'1.

transformation.

10

En 18
341

1 per cent Chromium Steel

HARDENABILITY
END QUENCH HARDENABILITY DATA

Curve No.

Chemical Composition (%)

Grain Size
--C---S-i--M-n-----P---N-i--C-r--M-o- --M-cQ-u-ai-d-E-h-n---A-c-tu-.'--

036
0'34
041

A
B

074
080
074

0'14
0'18
0'17

0'038
003S
0038

0031
0'036
0031

006
005
006

0'30
017
024

Tempering

Temperacure C

7-8(6)
7-8(6)
6-8(S)

4-6(7)

6-8
4-6(7-8)

SSO
600
6S0

Basic Open Hearth

1 in. dia. bars. Normalized 875C. End Quenched 8S00 C.
End Quenched

60

(Ref. 6)

I---.

"'=:::::::::

50

"\

u
~

:z:

t--

..............

40

r-.. ........

~1\

v--- ~ C

-- ---- --""
~ -- -- ~

12

14

16

Di'fance

2i o

'is

1'0
10

r--

r-r--

0 ,5

I-----""

I-----"" f-

30

"-

18

(rom

20
quenched

22

24

end

of

26

28

30

32

2
34

J2

38

Inch~\

40 5,,' n'o,.

ba,

FIC. 18'10.

35

" '<

30

-10-

"'-

25
I,....."....

20

IS

V
.........

"'e>"

-'-.....

I:-...

End Quenched and Tempered

(Ref. 6)

-A

--...........

t> r-

r---.... r--

05
4

'--....

r--- '--

\0
10

12

14
Distonct

16

J 5

18
from

20

22

qutnchtd

FiC. 18.11.

tnd

24
of

- I--

I--:-25

20

26
bor.

28

)0

32

J4

36

)8

Inch..

40 Sixtunths

En 18
Properties

342

of the British Standard En steels

END QUENCH HARDENABILITY

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'38

0204

on

0'013

0015

0'13

096

0'035

End Quenched from 870C

(Ref. 7)

700

"

...o

SOO

>

"'-

::r

JOO

'" ""

'-....

"'"'- I---

O-S

r'

&

lis

10

10

12

14

1&

18

Distance

20

22

2-S

20

24

2&

28

from quenched end of bar

30

32

34

3b

38

(il\)

Fie. 18.12.

END QUENCH HARDENABILITY BAND

This band hos been constructed from the test results obtained on several casts of En. 18.

1100

-V:~ /'t/- -.....

/

/
:>

bOO

:i

1!

</
"-

400

:z:
"
200

(Ref. 8)

/'

~ ~ ~ ~ / ~ 7") -,..
'~ ~
L /' 0 Vv // / ~~ ~ //
I

15

10

05

--

10

12

Di,tance

14

1&

18

from quenched

20

22

end of bar.

Fie 18.13

24

Inches.
2&

28

30

32 Siatllnths.

Inch...
40 Sixt..n'hl.

En 18
1 per cent Chromium Steel

343

HARDNESS TRAVERSE CURVES

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

039

0'28

058

0033

0035

0'32

1'10

009

Basic Open Hearth

Bars Normalized from 870C. Oil Quenched 870C.
(Ref. 6)
bOO

\'

550

50

'"
>

"

V(5~

I "Sdio.

di7

....... ../

45 0

:I:

400

~ r--

35 0

2~jo.

./

3'dio.

"""-

250

15

1'0

0-5
Dlltance

..,,/

trom

centre of

FiC.18.H

05
bar (in)

1'0

15

::I

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)
Proceu of

Manufacture

ASTM
Grain
Size

Tensile
Section

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Treatment

dia.

(in.)

..

..

B.O.H.

0'27

0'2-4

0'27
0'29

023

0'30

015

B.O.H.

..
...
..
....
..

..

B.O.H.

..

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

B.O.H.

-4-5
6
6-8

0038

..

0'021

0'65

0050

0021

..

029

0'69

0]-4

..

0'18

080

035

..

0'104

6
6-7

0'35
0'35

0'16
0'15

-4-6

..
..

0'36
0'36

..
..

..
..

..
..

0104

0'06

....

..
..
..

..

0'027

..

0'19

0'035

036

0'17

0035

1'02
0]-4

..

..
..
...
....
....

..
..
2t
..
H
..
..
..

095

1i

1'01

..

0032

..

1'0-4

0'7-4
0'73

0'023
0'031

0030
00-43

0'98
10-4

....
......
..
.'
..

0'038

0'031

..

0'05

..

0'30
0'20

...

103
095

..
..
..

.. .
.. ..

..
...

..

..
..

..
..

I
i

OQ.860 T.610 WQ

N.875 OQ.850 T.650

..
.... .. ..

OQ.860 T.560 AC
T.580 ..

T.S. )
(R
m

I
50'0
-4-48
83-3
-40'6
-41'2
35'0

EI
1%)
(A)

20
20
11
23
21
22

57'0
53'6
98'2
-49'-4
518
-458

Izod
ft. lb.

R.A.
(%)

Ref.

(Z)

..

5-4
36
16
57
-47
81

33 t

10
9

..

..

--876
-415
-40'0
37'8
356
3-4'2
366
306
3-4'8
55'2
-472
535

104
25
26
26t
28t
23t
25
27t
26
19
22
17t

112'6
-48'9
-47'1
-48'7
-46'9
-48'6
-49'1
-45'6
-47'0
61'0
55'6
63'0

..

10

18
97
101
90
95
8-4
89
86
90
51
57
55

39
66
68
63 t
66
57
59
59
631
57
58
-49!

T.560 WQ

..
....
....
..
..

---470
-47'0
-47'0
54'0

20
21
21
18

55'0
53'0
55'0
60'0

..11

66
66
79

59!
59!
59!
51

..
..

--N.875 OQ.850 T.650

OQ.850 T.600
T.650
T.700

..
..

1i

...

2t

.
..

T.650

..

0'06

....
I
.. ..
.. ..
i
.. .. .. I

(C)
(Q)
(C)
(0)

H
1i

..

....

1 ix 1

OQ.850 T.200
T.600
T.650
T.600
T.650
T.600

1i

..

0'0-43

07-4
0'68

3 sq.

0'99

..

069

i
1i

Y.P.
(R s )

Tons/sq.;n.

..

OQ.870 T.630
T.600
OQ.86O T.200
OQ.870 T.630
T.600
OQ.860 T.620

..

083

....
..

O'Bl

0'10

....
..
...

.
7

..

..

..

0'33

0026

0'67

0'32

..

..

..

0035

075
071

. .. ..

B.O.H.

A.O.H.

..

071

02%
0'5%
0'1%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O'lR p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

Heat

Size

!AI

3 ;{

I
1

....
..
..
..
..
....

T.600
T.650
T.700
T.600
T.650
T.700

I
I

-4-4'6
55-4
506
372

53'8
62'-4
56-4
-46'5

22t
21
23
27 t

66t
59
6-4
68

85
63
76
92

389
375
35'5

-498
-490
-47'8

2-4+
2-4
26t

6-4
6-4
66

82
87
89

37'0
-400
36-4

-48'0
-48'2
-466

25
25
27

6-4
M
66

79
85
90

I
i

6
2

..
..
....
..

..
..
I

..

1.,
til

....
'"o
......
CD

So
til

.,tI:I

;:;:
in'
:::r

....

VI
Q

;::,
CI..

.,

CI..

IT1

;::,

...'"

til
til

;;;

-=

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Process of

Manufacture

ASTM

Grain
Size

..

6-7

..
..

..

B.O.H.
B.O.H.

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6-7
..
5-6

..
..
..
..

0'36

..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0'36
..
0'36
0'36

Si

Mn

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
0'14 067
.. ..

..
..
..
..

072

015

0'68
0'74

Nj

005

..
..
..

..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

Cr

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..

Ii

T.450
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.550

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..

..
..
H
..
..
3*
...... (0)
.. (0)
.. (0)
4t
.. (0)
.. (C)
.. (0)
... (C)
(0)

..
..
..

..
..
..
..

(C)

(C)

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

(C)
(C)

....

..

0027

097

Ii

0'0..0

0031

0'99
0'97

..

..

Y.P.
(Rs )

T.5.
(R m )

102'0
95'6
90'0
692
62'6
509
477
440
456
407
37'1
39'8
430
..24
403
35'2
382
380
43'1
347
43'6
344
36'6
460
420
420
1040

11....
1078
97'1
7.. ..
69,'
59'5
57'0
52'2
56'0
517
49'2
54'6
53'7
53'0
51'4
49'8
48'1
56'4
562
530
51-6
52'5
49'1
57'0
52'5
53'0
116'5

EI(%) R.A. (%)

(Z)
(A)

Izod
ft. lb.

TAOO

..
..
T.550
..
T.600
..
T.650
..
T.600

T.650

00.860 T.560 AC
T.580 ..
T.590 ..
00.850 T.200

..

2
2
11 t
15

IS!

19
2l!
23t
20i
23
25
18
22

21
23
25
26
16
18

8
8
47
50
52
57
62
66
59
62
66
50
57
52
64
62
68
44

19
2l!
23
24 !
20
22
24
12!

52
47
59
52
64
59!
6l!
59!
36t

10
5
7
17
25
51
66
76

..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..6
..7
..
6-7
4

038
0'38
0'38

023
0'17
0'19

0'80
082
078

0039
0026

0032
0017

.. .. ..
0'38 0'13
.. .. 0'72..
.. .. ..

..
..
..

0038

..
0032
..
..

0'38
0'38
0'38

0'047
0031
0039

0'031
0'034
0040

014
0'15
0'16

079
078
083

102
098
101

1,'z

..
..
..
..
..

Ii

..
..

098

..

1'16
109
1'01

..
H
*

x .....

00.850 T.590
00.860 T.550 AC

..
..
..
..
..
..

.. ..

T.650
T.550
T.560
T.580

..

..
WO
..
AC

..

00.850 T.680 ..
00.860 T.560 WO

..2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

87
98
56
81
80
83
90
101
21
48
23
75
33
82
60
65
69
16

..

-0

..

..
..

....
("\
.,::ro

..

..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
11
..
..

.,

(1)

(1)

:::I

c'
3

V\

ib

10

---

-I
B.O.H.

Ref.

Tons/sq.in.

00.850 T.200
T.300

..
..

..
..

0'2%
05%
0'1%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'1 Rp) (0'2R p ) (0'5R p )

..
..

0'564

1'12

0032

0'14

Heat
Treatment

Section
Size
dia.
(in.)

Mo

45'0
..8'0
48'0
39'0
440
410
420
460
36'0
578

57'0
58'5
57'0
50'0
56'0
52'0
540
570
47'0
62'5

22
23
21
24
22
22

21
20
24
18

59
6H
57
64!
60!
59 !
62
6l!
63t
..9

50
63
60
76
57
69
67
62
69

8
11

..
..
..
..
..
..
I ....
I

V1

::s

co

-co
::::J

IN

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Pnx:e.. of
Manufacture

B.O.H.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

Grain
Size

6-7
6
2-4

0'38
0'38
0'38
0'39

Si

0'19
0'18
0'15

..
....
....
..
..
..
....
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
....

on

0'035
0'037
0'038

Ni

0030
0'035
0033

0'17
0'29

0'70
0'71

..
..
....
..

0'07

0'041

0029

070

..
..
....
..

0'2..

..
..
..

..
....
..
...
..
....
...

...
......

080

..
..

..
....
....
...
....
..
..
....
..
..
.
....

Cr

..
....
....
..
..
....
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
....
..
..

..

0030

....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
....
....

..
..

..

Treatment

(in.)

Ii
2tX.....

OQ.860 T.56O WQ

..

..
..

091

H
H

..

095
095

Ii

..
t
.. .. ..
..
.. .. ..
..
.. .. ..
..
.. .. ..
..
.. .. ..
..
.. .. ....
..
..
Ii
..., ...... ....
..
..
..
..
..
.. .... ..
.... .... ....
......
.. .. ..
.. .. ..
....
.. .. ..
.. .. ..
...
.... .... ..
.. .. .... I H..
.. .. ..
..
.. .. ..
.
.... .. ..
..
.. ..
..

0'15

1'06

Ii

2i

004

2t

O'OS% 0'1%
0'2%
0'5% Y.P.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(R s )
(0'05R p ) (O'IR p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

Size

1'09

0050

Heat

dia.

Mo

1'07
0'99
1'06
1'00

....

on

0'<10
0'<10

0'80
0'80

....

...

0'39
0'39

Mn

0'66

039
B.O.H.

Tensile
Section

ASTM

OQ.850 T.7oo

...

OQ.850 T.2oo
T.600
T.650
OQ.860 T.680 WQ
OQ.850 T.600

..

..

...
..
..
..
....
..

..
....
..
..
....

....
..
..

Tons/sq.in.

.. .. ..
.. .. ..

OQ.850 T.600
T.600
AH.870 lhr
T.5OO2hr
T.550 ..
T.600 ..
T.650 ..
T.675 ..
T.7oo ..
AH.870 lhr
T.5OO2hr
T.550 ..
T.6oo ..
T.650 ..
T.675 ..
T.7oo ..
AH.870 lhr
T.5502hr
T.600 ..
T.650 ..
T.7oo ..
AH.870 1hr
T.5OO2hr
T.550 ..
T.600 ..
T.650 ..
T.7oo ..

T,S'I
(Rm) EI(%) R.A. (%)
(A)
(Z)

....
..
....

AC

..
..
..
..
..

AC

..
...

AC

....

AC

..

..

369
..7'8
..1-9
38'"
304'1
32'6

..1-3
<18'6
..2'2
38..
3043
326

349
"5'0
"3'9
377

395
..56
....1
38'0

289

29..

54-6
50'0
..8..
<100

59..
570
56'2
51'0

99'2
<10'7
37'9
36'8
52'0
..98
..16
<16'2 52'6
..9'3 51-6
..2'6 ....'2
38'5 393
34'3 3..7
32'6 327
313
..5'2 526
<16'9 ..9'2
....7 <16'5
38'8 ..1'1
3"'3
33'S
319
30'2
303
29'9 305
28'1
293
296
292
288
291

24'9

2..6

18
18
18
25

52t
5..
5..

1255
52'2
50'5
..80
610

3
22
2Si
:L9
22

Si

578
526
665
61'8
5"'7
507
..73
..6'5
..5'"
67'8
59'8
580
555
51'3
..8'"
<160
529
53'5
52'2
52'0
..76
53'8
53'2
530
5"'1
51-7
<18'8

22i
21
18
lH
22
2..
28
26i
29
17
16
lH
lSi
22t
2H
2Si
24
2..
2..
24
27t
23
23
2..
2..
22i
lSt

70
57

Izod
ft. lb.

..

11

60

65
65
6H
..7t
SOi
52t
56i
62
65
66

5H

60t

58
58
5st

57t

56i

57

59
5li
S<I

12

87

---

5
81
88
85
..1

10
12

87
61
<16
5H
5Si

Ref.

,..

20
36
73
94
103
108
2..
18
20
58
92
99
104
23
19
23
28
37
18
10
18
21
2..
28

..

11
8

---

..
....
..

ii'

'"

o
.......
So
tl>

.,

12

CI:I

;;;.

....
......

....
....
..

..
..
..
..

....
..
...

..

;::0

:::l"

V\

Q
::J

ct
fTI

::J

'"tl>
lti
;;;-

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process of
Manufactur.

..
..
..
..
..
..

0'-40

..
......
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
....

..
..
..
..
..
..

".

..
..
..
..
...,
..
..
..

5i

..
..

0'2<4

..

..

..

..
..
..
..
..

..
..
....

Mn

..
..
....
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0'80

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.... ....
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.,
..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..

..
..
..
..
..

0'050

....
..
....

..
..
..
..
....

0'030

..

..
..

....
..
....

..
..
..

..
....
....

..

..
....

..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..

..
..
..
..
..

....

...

..
..

..
..

Ni

..
..
..
..
....

0'15

..
....

..
..
....
..
..
..

..
..
..
.. ..
... ....
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.... ..
..
.. ..
.... ....
.. ..
..
..
..

..
......
..
..

..
..
..

..
..
..

..
..
..

Ten.ile
Cr

..
..
....
..
..
....
....
..
..

1'06

....

..
..
..
....
..
..

Mo

....

O'C

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

.. .
.... ..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..

..
..

..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..

..

..
..
..
..
..

Heat
Treatment

Section
Size
di.
(in.)
6 (0)
.. (M)
.. (0)

.. (M)
.. (0)

.. (M)
.. (0)

.. (M)
.. (0)

.. (M)
..

(0)

.. (M)

.t

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..

..
..
....
..

..
H
..
..
..
..
....
.
..

0'05% 0'1%
0'2%
0'5%
P.S.
P.S
P.S.
P.5.
(0'05R p ) (O'lR p ) (0'2R p ) (0'5R p )

......
.. .. .... ....
.. .. .. ..
..
.... .. .. ....
... .. ...... ......
.. .. .. ..

T.500 2hr AC
T 550

..

29'0
29'5
28'<4

29'1
29'8
29'"

30'0
30'0
299

2<4'5

28'5
27'2
26'6

29'<4
280
27'2

T.650

T700

....
..
..
..

OQ.870 lhr
T.l00 2hr AC
T.200
T.300
T.<400
T,500
T.550
T.600
T.625
T.650
T.675
T.700
OQ.870 lhr T.<400 2hr AC
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.625
T.650
T.675
T.700
OQ.870 lhr
T.<400 2hr AC
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.625
T.6S0
T.675
T.700

....

..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
....
..
..

T.5.
(R m )

Tons/.q.in.

AH.870 lhr

T.600

Y.P.
(R. )

.... ..

..
.. ..
..
.. ....
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.... ..
..
.. ..
..
..
..
....
..
..

....
..
..
..
..
..

765
97'5
898
98'"
940
76'9
597
51-6

862
102'6
96'6
101-5
95'5
78'2
60'<4
53'<4

95'3
108'0
104'5
105'7
98'0
799
60'9
5<4'1

76'<4
669
592
51-6
<488

849
69'0
60'1
52'6
<49'1

89'5
709
60'9
53'0
<49S

37'7
51'1
510
<47'5
<425
-408
298

<450
5<4'1
519
<48'0
<42'7
-40'8
35'1

53-2
58'3
53'5
<48'8
<4]'0
-409
380

308
31-9
30.5
318
30'9
31-6
31'1
31-6
31'0
280
25'2
25'6
1060
1170
1146
113,"
103'0
84'0
62'1
5<4'6
<48'5
<45'7
<43'2
'6
9<4'6
n-8
62'1
539
50'1
<459
<41'7
38'7
629
64'1
562
508
'<4
<41'0
-40'0
35'1
H'5

53'3
5<4'5
53-3
5<4-3
53'5
5<4'2
54'3
5<4,"
525
. 537
<48'2
<48.<4
1258
122'2
1290
120'8
105'6
88'8
68'<4
62'1
57<4
55'1
522
5<47
98'6
n-7
68'6
62'3
59'7
56'1
526
<492
79'7
735
652
609
55'6
5<4'1
52'5
<495
<477

EI

(%)
(A)

23
21 t
23
22t
23
23
22
21
2"
22
26
2<4

et
lOt
8t
11
3
10
23t
2<4
2st
2st
27
12
16
let
22
22
25
26
29
12
15
18
20
22
2<4
22
27
27 t

R.A.
(%)

Izod
ft. lb.

Ref.

(Z)

56
5st
57
sot
58
52
56t
5<4
5"
50
57
"7t

36t
33
Ht

9
59 t
63t
65
67t
6lt
69t
<4H
5H
58
63t
66
69
66
6lt
33t
<46t
5H
56
60t
63
6H
67
5lt

2<4
11
15
10
11
13
20
13
23
19
30
2<4
8
15
17
10
7
16
<43
7<4
92
87
102
108
6
19
30
89
93
102
111
116
10
9
18
2<4
<46
80
82
91
8<4

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

....
..
..

..
..

,.

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

1j-g

I~....

r"'I
.,:::r
o

c'
3

I[
V'i

..
..
..

..
..
..

..
..
....
..

i ..

IN

:s

co

=
-=

m
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

"""

(continued)

Q)

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Section

Process of

Manufacture

....
..
....
..

0<40

...
..
.....
...
..
....
..
....
..
..
....
..
....
....
...
...
.....
..
....

Si

....
....
..
..
....
......
..
....
..
...
..
..
....
..
....

0'2<4

....

..
..
....
....
..
....
....
..
..

Hn

..
....
..

0'80

....
.
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
...
..
....
..
..

..
....
..
..
....
..
....
...
..
..
....

....
...
....
..
..
....
..
......
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
....
....
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..

0050

Ni

Cr

Ho

... ..... ...... ......

.. ..
.... .... .. ..
.. .. .. .
.. .. .. ..

..

0030

..
....
..
....
....
..
..
......
..

....
..
....
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..

0'15

..
....
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
......
..
..
..

..
....
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..

106

..
....
....
..
...
..
....
..
..
..
....
..

..
....
..
..

..
....

..
..
..
..

dia.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

..
..
..
..
....
..
..
....
..
..

0,0<4

....
..
..
..
...

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..

..
..
..
i

..
....

..
..
..

;;

..

..
..
..

..

1!

..
....
....

(0)
(M)
(0)

..
....
..

....
...
... ....

.. ..
..
.. .. ....
..
.. .. ..
..
..
.... .. ....
.. .. ..
..
..
.. .. ..
..
.. .. ..
.. .. ....
..
..

....
....
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
....

TAoo 2hr AC

(H)

T.500

(0)

(H)

T.550

(0)

(H)

(0)

(H)

(0)

(H)

(0)

(H)

(0)

T.600
T.625

T.650

T.675

.. T.700
.. .. ..
(H)
WQ.870 lhr T.500 2hr AC
..
..
.. T.550
T.6oo ..
.. T.625 ..
..
..
I,
.. T.650
T.675 ..
,
.. T.700 ..
.. T.500
..
.... T.550 ....
T.6oo
(H)

(0)

..
....
..

Y.P.
(Rs )

T.5.
(R m )

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

Izod
ft. lb.

Ref.

(Z)

Tons/sq.in.

OQ.870 lhr
TAoo 2hr AC
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.625
T.650
T.7oo
OQ.870 lhr

..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..

.... ....
.. ..

Size

05%
0'2%
005% 0,1%
P.S.
P.S.
P.5.
P.S.
(0'05R p ) (O'lR p ) (0'2R p ) (0'2R p )

....
.. .

T.625
T.650
T.675
1.700 ..

..

<42'9
50'3
<49,9

37'2
<48'6
<48'6
<465

"7'1

~'O

~'3

39,"
38'1
<45'"
<46'2
..7'6
<48'6
<45'1

..3'7
<43'6
<47'6
<49'1
<48'1
<497
..55
..5'6

39'9

-fO'2

39'8

40'1

35'8

360

39'5

39,6
37,8

<49<4
53<4
51-6
<48'0
..52
397
38'0
<492
<497
51-2
53'2
<49'1
51<4
<459
<46'6
390
-fO'6
393
..03
35'7
36'2
33-8

68'3

68'8

595

690

600

56'1
58'1
5..5
<499
<48'2
-fO'8
39..
337
51'-4
57'3
56'5
59'3
51'3
5<4.<4
..7'0
..8'6
39'8
<419
399
<41'5
36'7
370
33'7
H'8
32'5
70'0
63'1
551
..76
<488
<42'9
385
707
633
60'7
510
<47'0
<425
389

32'5

7<4'5
677
6of'3
60'3
567
52'8
517
..8'3
69'2
73'2
67'2
70'0
61'6
6of'6
58'1
596
52'5
5..5
526
53'5
506
51'3
<487
<49,3
..6'5
<468
7..9
69'8
626
567
572
51'1
<49'1
76'1
699
67'1
593
562
526
<49'5

13
17t
1st
19
22
20f
20f
26
lH
12i
17
10ft
19
16
20
1st
22i
2H
23
22
2<4
20f
25
20f
27
27
18
20
22
20f
20ft
20
29
17
19
18
2H
2Si
25
2st

3<4

sot

51
52
56
60i
59i
67t

..ot

37
50ft
<47
52i
<47
50ft
51
57
57i
6H
sst
60t
59i
63
6H
66
60fi
5H
59
66
65
6Si

60t
5H
59i
55
6H
60f
66
70

10
15
18
18
22
..5
61
83
11
8
10
7
17
1<4
18
15
2<4
28
26
25
59
50
75
60
80f

78
32
55
81
91
88
96
97
<43
65
75
79
90f
111
109

..
..
..
......
..
8

....

....
..
..
..
.....
..
..
...

...
.....
..
..
....
...
.....
..
...

..

i...

....
CD

~.

......
Q

I~
C;;.

::r
~

::3

...g.
~

ITl

::3

....
'"CD
CD

;;;

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Tensile

Chemic.1 Composition (%)

Process of

Manufacture

A5TM

Grain

Size

5i

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Section
Size
di.
(in.)

..
..

040

..

"

..
..

..
"
"

..
..
..
"
"

....

"
"

..

"
"

..
..

"

..

"
"

..

..
.."
..
"

..
..

0'050

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
....

..
..

..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..

.."
..

"

"
"

..
..

0'..1
0 ..1
0'''1

023
0'24
0'24

0'78
0'80
0'73

..

4-6

"

"

..

..
..
..

0'80

..
"

B.O.H.
"
"

..
..

024

"

"
"
"
"

..
..
"

"
"
"
"
"
"

..

..
"

..

0044
0038

0'''1

0'17

0'74

042
0'42

0'22
023

070
072

..

..

0'030
"
"
"

..

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..

"

..

0028
"
0031

..
..
..
..

0'15

..
..
..

..
..

..
..
..

..
..
"
"
"

..
"
"
"
"

106
"
"
"

..
..
..

"
"
"
"

....
..
..
..
"

"
"

"

..
..
..
..

0'2"

0'9..
0'99
0'87
"
107

016

1'04
104

..

"

004

Heat
Treatment

2i

..

"
"

"

.....
..

...

....

'It

"

..

..

"
"

6(0)
"(M)
"(0)
"(M)I
"(0)
"(M)
"(0)
"(M)
"(0)
"(M)
"(0)

....
..
..

..
"
..
....
..

..

"

..

"(M)

..
..
....
..

..
..

"
"

"

"

WQ.8701hr T.4OO 2hr AC

" T.5oo " "
T.6oo "
"
T.625 "
"
T.650 "
"
T.675 "
T.7oo ..

..
..
..
..

T.4OO
T.5CO
T.6OO
T.625
T.650
T.675

..
..
"
"
"
..

...

....
..

.. .. ""
.. T.5oo
.. .." .."
.. T.6OO .. ..
T.4oo ..

"
"
"

..

"

"
"
T.625 "
"
T.650 ..

"

..
.. .. .."
....
..

"

T.675 ..
"
"

.
.

006

OQ.850 T.6040
T.650
OQ.870 T.650
T.660
N.875 OQ.875 T.650

0'10

7x 3
3

OQ.850 T.620
T.650

1
1 i sq.

In-

84'8
70'3
53'9

860
710
541

66'"
59'2
47'1
44'1
43'8

716
61'6
481
446
442

875
71'5
543

777
64'6
49'"
454
44'8

"

"
"

..
..

0'5% Y.P. T.S.

P.S. (R s ) (R m )
(0'5R p)

Tons/sq.in.

'C

"

..

..
..

O2l}~
005% 0'1%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p ) (0'1 Rp ) (0'2R p )

68'"
568
63'0
5....
48'3
..2'3
046..
420
..52
395

no

612
666
57'2
..9'2
..2'8
..75
"2'7
453
0400

863
66'7
69'6
60'0
..9'8
..3'5
48'2
447
..57
040'6

92'2
731
547
51'0
476
433
39 ..

975
780
648
592
568
525
490

83'8
678
508
..6'"
46'"
390

90'"
745
610
570
564
51'7

88'8
74'8
72-6
63'6
507
..55
492
508
..65
..23
.. 11
409

EI

(%)

(A)

R.A.
(%)

Izod
ft. lb. R.f.

(Z)

11
16
2H
23
2H
28
29

371
51
59!
63t
65
68
68

8
18
61
74
78
87
88

11 !

20
23
204
26

37
46!
61
61
63
64!

7
22
37
62
70
83

95'2
825
794
71'8
60'5
565
59'3
566
56'6
53'9
52'9
51'8

11
1H
14
14
22
21
22
22
22
23t
2'1t
25

..2
39
..8
47
59
58
65!
63t
6H
59 !
63t
62

..

510
50'0
51'2
5..8
488

59'0
59'0
60'2
61'2
58'0

2..
22
20
21
22t

6H

73
71
37
66
59

..75
44'0

55'0
56..

22
21

53
6H

..2
40

lSi

..
..
..
..
..
"
"
"

..
..

"
"

..
..
..
..
..
..

17

18
56
H
..7
35
67
57
80

"

.,t1>

...
n

t1>

('\

::r
~

c'
3

VI

~
t1>

"

..
"

63t
59

--B.EA

....

"

"

00304

0033

..

8
13

eN

:::s

co

m
:::s

co

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

VI

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process of
Manufacture

Tensile
Section

A5TM

Grain
Size

Heat

Size

5i

Mn

043
0'43

..

0'21
019

090
086

0'43

0'28

..

090

0+4
0+4
0'+4
0+4
0 ....
0'44

0'21
0'23
020
0'22

089
096
0'86
084
0'76
0'76

0'+4
0'+4

.....

0'26
0'13

......
.....

0'24

076

..

....
....
..
..
....
..
....
....

..

....
..
...

..
..
....

Ni

0'16
0'17

..
..

..
..

0'26
0'19
0'25
0'18

..
..
..

...

..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....

0'80
0'66

....
..

...

Cr

0'91
0'93

....

0016

..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0023

...
..
..

..

......

0'028

..
..
....
....
..
..
....
..
..

..
....
..
....
..
..
....
..
....
..
..

0'08

dia.

Treatment

(in.)

0'91
0'97
0'97
0,91
1'02
1'02

3t
21
1 -h heK

1'08
0'97

11

....
.....

102

..
..
..
....
..

...

....

Hxl
4xl!

#
Ii

..

..
..
..

l!

2
3
4
1
2
3
4
I

2
3
4
I

2
3
4

....
....

OQ.850

..
..

....

0'023

Mo

..
1'00
..

..

..

..

0+4

0'5%
P.5.

Y.P.
(Rs>

EI
(%)

Izod
ft. lb.

Ref.

63
60
60
59
6H

63
69
77
52
75

..3
..

63
61
57
56

88
59
41
+4
68
80
90
93

R.A.
(%)

Tons/sq.in.

..
..

T.6S0
T.620
T.650

39'2
39'2
+4'8
512
370

524
50'0
53'8
62'0
51'0

38'8
41'2
608
628
50'0
480
+40
44'0

51'8
532
66'8
692
60'5
580
54'0
56'0
73'8
569
50'1
45'0

2Si
23t
20

490
48'5
485
48'5
59'0
52'0
51-5
51'0
55'5
53'0
52'5
52'0

n
n
n
n

540
51'5
50'0
500

25
24

23
24

..
8

---

OQ.850 T.650
T.655
OQ.870 T.600

..

..
....

OQ.830 T650
T670
T700
OQ.850 T660
WQ.850 T 500 lhr WQ
T600
T650
T700 ..

..
..

.. ..
. ..

..

..
..
..
N.830
....
..

A 830F.C.

n-5
52'7
43'0
394

..

24
24
24
24
38
30
28
28
32
28'5
27
26

..

..
....

30
27
255
25

.. ..

N.830 T.650

N.830T.700

..
..

T.5.
(R m )

20

24
25
17
19
24
26

63t
57
49i
66t
68

2l!

42
42
42
42
59
55
53
52
62
5Si
52
50

18
8
4
4
9
6
4
4
12
6
4
2

23t
24
24
24

62
56
53
51 t

14

20
23
24
24

n
n
n

In
4

....
..
12
..
3

""1:1

~....,

ii'

'"

o
--.

...

::7"

til

..

.,CD

8
3

::7"

....
..

..
....
....
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

14

;:;:
i;;'

...

VI

::s

.,~
Q.
ITl

::s

'"til...

!!..

'"

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process of

'Manufacture

ASTM
Grain
Size

..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..

0'+4

.....
..
..

..
..
..

..
..

..

..
..
....
..

Si

..
..
....
..
..
..
....

0'24

...
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..

Mn

..
..
..
..
..
....

076

..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..

..

..
..
....
..
..
..

..
....

0023

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..

..
..
..
..

..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0'028

"

..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

Ni

..
..
.
..
..
..
..
....

0'08

..
..

..
..
..

..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..

Tensile

Cr

Mo

Sectio..
Size
dia.

..
....
..

OQ.830 T.400 WQ
T.SOO
T.600
T.700
T.ns

..
..
..
..

OQ.830 T.400 ..
T.500
T.600 ..
T.700
T.nO

....
..

OQ.830 T.400
T.SOO
T.600
T.700
T.nO

..
..
....

..
..

ft

..

It

..
..
..

..
....

..

..

..
..
..

..
..
..

..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..
"

Heat
Treatment

(in.)
1'02

..
..
....

0'1%
P.S.
(O'IR p )

..
....

..
..
..

....

......
..

0'5%
P.S.
(O'SR p )

Y.P.
(R s )

T.S.
(R m )

Tons/sq.in.

..
..
..

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

Izod

ft. lb.

92

..

78
64
47
42

980
840
700
560
SO'O

11
14
18
23
26

43
50
57
66
68

10
33
68
93
98

..
....
..

..
...

88
73
59
45
41

95
820
690
550
51-0

12
14
18
24
26

40
49
57
66
68

4
22
50

....
..
..

..
..
..
..

..

69
60
50
38
35

790
710
620
530
500

13
16
20
25
27

42
49
561

'"
66

2
6
14
30
39

OQ.830 T.400
T.SOO ..
T.600
T.700
T.nO ..

..
..
..
..

..
..

67
58
48
37
35

no

700
610
520
480

14
16
20
25
26

40
47
54
63
6S

2
4
8
22
27

46
37
H

740
72-0
670
600
520
50,0

13t
15
17
20
25
27

42
46t
51
56
63
64

1
2
4
8
20
26

...

..

OQ.830 T.300 ..
T.400 ..
T.SOO
T.600 ..
T.700 ..
T.nO

....
..

..

..

6S
60
54

Ref.

(Z)

92

98

0'45
0'45

0'29
0'22

090
085

0'26
0'10

090
087

Ii
i

OQ.850 T.650
T.550

450
64'8

550
71-6

22t
20

57
53

59
35

0'46
0'46
0'46
0'46

025
0'24
0'27
0'28

097
092
091
101

023
0'15
020
0'20

090
097
095
0'99

H
11

0'46

024

092

0'15

097

It

OQ.8S0 T.6S0
OQ.870 T.680
OQ.8S0 T.6S0
OQ.870 T.600
OQ.850 T.650
OQ.850 T.550

38'8
36'0
42'8
638
572
71'2

518
492
52'6
700
640
756

25t
26
25
19
20
15

63
60
58
50
55
41

88
89
68
36
56
14

..

14

..
....

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..,no

....

t1>

....

C"'\
~

ti
3;::.
3

VI
....
t1>

!l.

..
....
..
....

--

..
3

--

..

..

..

..

..

lj.

..
..
..
..
3

..

....
VI

::::s

m
::1

-co

IN

VI

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Process of

Manufacture

ASTM
Grain
Sile

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Section
Size
dia.

Heat
Treatment
C

( in.)

....
...
..
..

A.O.H.

...
....
..

0'<46

....
....
..
....

0<46

...

....
....
..
..
..

...

..
..

0'21

....
..

..

0'93

..
..
..
..
..

....
..
..
....
..
....
..
..
..

0'83

.
......
.
..

..
....
....
..

0'0304

..
..
..
..
..

0028

..

..
..
..
..

0'17

....

..

010

..
..

..

..
..

..

..

..
....
..

..
..
.
..
....

..

095

....
...
..

....

100

..

..

..
..

..
..
..

"

33'2
260
21'9
630
58'6
049'8
041'1

25-3
70'0
604'1
5040
<460

EI

(%)
(A)

T550
T600
T650

61'1
55'2
0483

6804
62'3
59'1

T550

588
585
51'S
522
<46'5
045'2
504'2
0492
04604
0433
041-6

04 t sq. (C)
.. (0)
.. (0)
.. (C)
.. (0)

T600

T650

T550

T600
T650

39

..
..

(C)
(0)
(C)
(0)
(C)
(0)

28
204

lH
17
19t
2H

Ref.

(Z)

....
504Y
....

....
..
..

..
..
..
..
..

Ilod
ft. lb.

23
25
26
17
20
II
25

90'8
829
75'6
68'8
604'8

....
..
..
..
..
..
..
.. ..
... ..
.... ..
.. .
..
....
. ..

R.A.
(%)

5204
<4604
047'6
750
705
61'5
555

875
79'6
712
60'6
57'1

....
..

..

T.S.
(R m )

OQ.850 To450
T500
T550
T600
T650

Ii

.
..

T.650
AC.720
OQ.850 T.S50
T.6oo
T.650
T680

Y.P.
(R s )

Tons/sq.;n.

N.850

..
..

.
..
..
..

0'5%
P.S.
(0'5R p)

..

..
..
..

1!

2t

....

0'1%
P.S.
(O'lR p)

lH

57

51
60
63

....

12
15
19

50
55
59

....

17 t
2H
22 t

047
55
59

17
37
73

6504
660
596
60'0
504'5
5504

10
16t
17
20
20
llt

15
047
39
52
52
59

10
104
13
20
75
78

62'2
61'0
565
504'2
53'6

6
16
19
16t
2H

15
39

9
11
II
31
047

....

II
55

60

..
..
....
....
..2

..
..

..
..

...,

..
..
....
..
..
..
..

""t:I

if

...

~
::r
I'D

.,
M:
(;;.

0=0

::r

:::s

a..

m
:::s

'"n:!~

En 18
1 per cent Chromium Steel

353
(Ref. 8)

EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON THE

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

140 r-----,-

120

10

_/

"-

80
~
0-

J?

Typical curves obtained from 1.' dia. bars

oil hardened 870C and tempered as
indicated.

...~
.E

bO

40

I---j---j---j-/-:>~+----f--I-+-~~
1"..9!1;lI>o

400

JOO

200

100

r.mp.ri"q

temperature

bOO

SOO
o

100

C.

Fig. 18.15

EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON THE

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

,1

80

70

(Ref. 8)

~
OS==f~
'911"

bO
..........

"'"

""'~~
-;:;,," ~
~
o

QQ. 870C T. 550C A.C.

"-

SO

'I

~ ""-/0' %Pr

or~o

""-

or ho

'1>0"11
0

,,:.

f}O/i'j-

40

,s

30

20

~ r----

~lOnqotlon

10

--b

Diameter

of

Fig. 18.16

bor (in)

En 18
Properties of the 8ritish Standard En steels

354

EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

(conti nued)

OQ. 870C T. 600C A.C.

(Ref. 8)

80

,.----r-----r---....--"""T'"-----,,........---,

70

I----+---'\--+---+------I----+-----l

bO

50

Ii.

40

.::
]

OQ. 870C T. 6SOOC A.C.

(Ref 8.)

et:

110

.S

"'"

100

.t

~
o~

'/0

-!!. 80
u.

70
~

'"

Ae<iJction

--

"-

Sf

bO

50

............

~O

30

01

area.

""

10

--'"

"-

30

-----

--..

05 CJ.o Proo

01

stress.

limit

Proof

feu.

""

'\

of Proportional i t y . -

lonqation

DiolM'ter

of

bar

Fi,. 18.18

(in)

of

bar (in)

Fi,. 18.7

r--- ~

2
Diameter

Itr~

a ion.

20

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURE

ASTM
Grain
Si.e

Process of

ManufaCture

Chemical Composi,ion (%)

C

Si

Mn

..
..

0'2'\

..

0'71

..
..
..

0019

..
....

0017

037

022

078

00042

0'029

0'35

..
....
..

A.O.H.

..

..
..
..
....

5-7

..
..
....
..
..

....

..

..
..

....

..
..

... ..

....
....
..

..
....

..
..
..
..
..

Ni

Cr

....
..
....
.....

..
..
..
0'99
..

005

0'12

Mo

Section
Si.e
dia.

He..
Treatment

(in.)

30mm

1'12

30mm

....

Ii

....
..
..

.. ..
WQ.820T.5602hr
.. ..
OQ.870 T.600
.. ..

....

..

..
..

..

OQ.870T.700

..

R.T.
-78
R.T.
-78
20
- 78
-196
20
- 78
-196

0'2% 0'5%
Y.P.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'2R p) (O'SR p ) (Rs)

T.S.
(R m )

Tons/sq.!n.

WQ.&40T.5S02hr

..

..

005% 0'1%
P.S.
P.S.
Test
(O'OSR
Temp.
p ) (0'1 Rp)

"2'1
'17,"
75'2

'135
'!SO
757

"2,5
70'8

'128
71-3

550
608
52'8
58'8
"",8
'!S'7

"',0
'19'0

'13'3

""'0

625
698
607
685
55'1
61'6
SO'7
'17'6
563
75'9

EI
(%)
(A)

"rA

21
26-1
8
27
29
30

R.A.

1"/0)

ReI.

62
58
61
56
59
55
2
67
62
SOi

15

(Z)

SO
17t
19+
17
18
17
21t
7
22
23i
lSi

....
..

..3
..
..
..

..

t"\

....
~

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

Proce.. 01

Manufacture

Chemical Composition (%)

ASTM
Grain

Section
Si.e
dia.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

C
OQ.8'!S T.2004
T.316
T.'127
T.538
T."'9
OQ.8'!5 T.ln
T.2004
T.316
T."27
T.S38
T."'9
OQ.870 T.600
OQ.870 T.700

Si.e

Si

Mn

H.F.

7-8

0'38

0'19

080

0'03'1

0'01'1

0'87

i x2 i

H.F.

O''!O

0'16

081

002'1

0037

0'89

i xli

A.O.H.

~
-.

5-7

037

0'22

0'78

0'0042

0029

Ni

0'\2

Cr

099

Mo

Ii

a3

Charpy V Notch Impac, Transition Temperature.

80%
Max. Energy
+
_

50%
Max. Energy

50%
Fibrous fracture

ReI.

....
n

V\

!!..

..
..
....

73C
27C
J90C
790C
68C

+ 66C
+ 93C
+'100C
+ l00C
7C
-ISOC

c'

16

..

+ 2C
-51C

OOC
-<l8"C

..
....
..
..
..
3

:VI
IVI

CD

En 18
Properties

356

of the British Standard En steels

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA (continued)

Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

0'37

0'22

0'78

0042 0029

Ni

Cr

0'12

099

Acid Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 5-7

(Ref. 3)
140

OQ. 870C T .600C

(harpy V notch.

(Ref. 3)

120

120

100

100

r;brou. 'raclc"

8-

80

"~

C>.

.D

....-'

bO

bO

I
I(
I

Fi broul fracture.

,..

"
u

1"
0

&. 40

40

(harpy

20

'v' nolch.

--100

-so
TemperaTure

Fig. 18.19

e.

20

+50

)
~
-100

-50
Tl!mp~ralure

Fie. 18.20

.+50

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)
Process of

Manufacture

..
..

A.O.H.

..
....

Section
Size
diL
(in.)

ASTM
Grain

Size

..
..
..
.
..

5-7

....
..
..
..

037

....
....

045

Si

..
..
..
..
..

0'22

..
..
..
....

0'29

Mn

..
..
..

078

..
..

..
..
..
..
..

091

..

0'042

..
..
....

..

0029

..
..
..
..

Ni

..
..

0'12

Cr

..
..

099

Mo

..
....
..
..

1l

..
..
..

..
..
..

..

095

It

..
..

..
..
..

004

..
..
..
..

..
..
..

..
..

Heat
Treatment

Test
Temp.

.. ..
.. ..
OQ.870 T.700
.. ..
.. ..

OQ.870 T.6OO

..
..
..
..
..

..

OQ.850 T.625

..
..
....

L.P.

600

RT
2SO
300
400
500
600

44'4
28'8
300
270
7'0
2'0

42'1
36'0
12'5

435
38'5
15'5

40'7

18'1

460
434
206

29'2
112

30'4
13'1

31'7
150

50'5
429
450
392
19'6
65

44'8

EI

R.A.
(%l

(%)
(A)

"fA

Tons/sq.in.
29'0
237
54
370
22'5
4'8

20
300
600
20
300

0'05% 01% 0.2% 05%

P.S.
Y.P. T.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(OOSR p ) (OIR p ) (02Rpl (O'SR p) (R,) (R m )

33'4
16'8

55'4
53'0
24'6
47'6
46'7
204

21
2S
39
27
26
39

51'6
564
518
44'6
278
110

60'7
70'2
607
523
385
22'1

22
lH
22
28
33t
50

(Z)

Ref.

-g
.,

...

SO

....
9
~

17
17t
2st
22
lH

Hi

59
56
88
67
6H
92

..
..
..
..
..

60
27
60
74
84
94

..

..
.....

3
i:.
3

VI

.......

m
:s

-co

En 18
Properties of the British Standard En steels

358

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

Cr

0'36

0'24

on

098

i" dia. bars Oil Quenched and 840"C Tempered 7000C

(Ref. 19)
'10

&0

70

-------

bO

50

40

0",1-'0:'-

~
~
9f~.

~ ......
11"~11

.~

.;.

on.
e

,'?

30

20

10

--........

...............

..

......

~V

ElrQOlion.

100

200

300
Tcmperaturc

Fie. 18.21

400

500

600

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN TORSION

Chemical Composition (%)

Tensile

Process

of

Si

Manufacture

Mn

Cr

Ni

Mo

Section
Size
dia.

Heat
Treatment
C

(in.)

..
..
..

A.O.H.

..
..
..
..

..
.
....

0'46

..

0'21

..
....

0'93

. ..
.. ..
.. ..

..
..

......

0034

0028

0'17

..

..

..

...
...

095

AC.nO
OQ.850
..
..
..

H-

..

..

0'1%
P.S.
(O'lR p)

0'5%
P.S.
(0'5Rp)

Torsion

T.S.
(R m)

Tonl/sq.in.

T.550
T.600
T.650
T.680

21-9
63'0
58'6
49'8
41'2

25-3
700
64'1
54'0
46'0

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

26
17
20
22
25

54

476
750
70.5
615
5S5

(Z)

44

51
60
63

Apparent Probable
Shear
Y.P. Max.
Max.
Shear
Stress
St....

Re.

Tons/sq.;n.
14'8
37'7
34'9
30'2
27'0

433
601
577
528
483

..3

32'5
45'1
43'3
39'6
36'2

..
..
..

.,

"1:r
til

....
::J

c;
c'

FATIGUE DATA

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Procesl
of
Manufacture

..
...

035

B.E.A.

0'38

Si

Mn

.... ..... ......

024

0'24

0'71

on

0'019

0013

Ni

Cr

....
..

005

..
..
..

1'12

0015

013

096

0'017

Mo

..
..

Section
Size
dia.

(in.)

..

WQ.840 T.550 2hr AC

..
..

0035

..

Test
Temp.

05%
0''2%
P.S
P.S
(0'2R p) (0'5Rs)

30 mm

..

Heat

Treatment

.
..

WQ.820 T.56O 2hr AC

OQ.870 T.600

R.T.
-78
R.T.
-78
R.T.

T.S.
(R m )

Tons/sq.in.
550
60'8
52'8
58'8

625
698
607
685
58

VI

EI
(%)
(A)

17t
19 t
17
18
22

R.A.
("/,)
(Z)

62
58
61
56
58

Rotatin, Bendin,
fatllue Limit
Tonl/sq.in.
Plain

Notched

30'5
33'6
2B'0
30'5
27

12'7
12'7
:t9'5
95

Ref.

..
..

15

..

17

Notch-6O" Y. 0'1 mm Root Radius, 05 mm deep., 0.0. 8 mm.

VI

-0

-co
:s

En 18
360

Properties

of the British Standard En steels

LIST OF REFERENCES

1. The physical constants of same commercial steels at elevated temperatures, Butterworths, London, 1953.
2. Private correspondence With United Steel Companies Limited.
3. Private correspoDdence With Firth-Brown Limited.
4. G. Delbart and A. Constant, Caurbes des transformation des aciers de fabrication
de la Siderurgie, 1953, 1956.

Fran~aise,

L'lnstitut de Recherches

5. Atlas of Isothermal Ttransformation Diagrams of the British Standard En Steels, Iron and Steel Institute Special Report
No. 56, 1956 (Second Edition).
6. Symposium on the hardenability of Steel, organized by the Technical Advisory Committee of the Special and Alloy
Steels Committee (Ministry of Supply) and the Iron and Steel Institute. Iron and Steel Institute Special Report No.
36, 1946.
7. Private correspondence with the Polytechnic, London
8. Private correspondence With the English Steel Corporation Limited.
9. Private correspondence With the Park Gate Iron and Steel Co. Limited.
10. Private correspondence with Samuel Fox and Co. Limited.
11. Private correspondence with Clyde Alloy Steelworks Limited.

12. British Standard 971, Commentary on the British Standard Wrought Steels, En Series, British Standards Institution,
London 1950.
13. Private correspondence With Jessop-Saville Limited.
14. Private correspondence with Edgar Allen & Co. Limited.
15. A. Pomp and M. Hempel, Fatigue strength and notch coefficient of unalloyed and alloy constructional steels at
+20C and -78C, Arch. fUr das Eisenhiittenwesen, Vol. 21. (p. 53.) Jan/Feb. 1950.
16. J. P. Sheehan and H. Schwartzbart, Impact properties of quenched and tempered alloy steels, Prac. Am. Soc. for
Testing Materials. Vol. 56, pp. 483-517. 1956.
17. British Iron and Steel Research Association. Unpublished data.
18. R. W. Powell and R. P. Tye The effect of oil quenching and tempering on the thermal conductivities
and electrical resistivities of three steels. }. Iran & Steel Inst. Vol 184 Sept 1956.
19. War Office unpublished report.

En 19

I PER CENT CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM STEEL

SPECI FICATI 0 N
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)
C
En19
En19A
En19B 1
En19C

Cr

0,050 max
0050 max
0'050 max
0-050 max

0'90-1'50
0,90-1,20
0'90-1-20
090-1'20

SI

Mn

0'35~'45

0'10~'35

0'~'80

0'35~'45

0'10~'3S

0'5~'80

0'35~'40

0'1~'35

0'50~'80

0'40~'45

0'1~'35

0'50~'80

0050 max
0'050 max
0,050 max
0,050 max

(1) SuppUe" CO Ipeclfled compolleion only. Mechanical prop.relel

pare of contraceual obU,atlons.

Mo
0'20~'40

0'20-0'35

0'20~-35

0'20~-35

are noe

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

I~'
llmlein, Rulin, Section. in. En 19
limitin,Rulin,Section.in. En 19A(I)
TensileStren,th, Tons/sq in., min. (Rml
Yield Itreso', Tons/sq. in. min. (Rs)
0'2% ProofSeress 3 Tons/lq. in., min
(0'2%Rp)
Elon,ation percene. min (A)
Izod impace value, fe.lb., min
BrineU hardn... number4

Hardened and Tempered Condieion

S

6
6
45
34

4
4
50
38

32

36
20
40

41
18
40
248/
302

40
201/
2S5

223/
2n

2*
55

....

Ii

60
48

65
52

70
58

80
68

46

50
16
35
293/
HI

55
15
30
311/
375

64
10
10
363/
415

H
H

17
35
269/
321

(1) En 19A may be ordered inseead of En 19 where eensHeserenlths over 65 Tons/sq.in.

are not required or the rulin& section is smaller.

(2) Noe to be used as acceptance tesu except by special arran,ement between the
purchaser and manufacturer.
(3) When specifically requested in the enquiry or order.
(4) For informaeion purposes only. Not contraceual pare of the specificaeion.

361

En 19
Properties

362

of

the British Standard En steels

RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
United Kinldom
En.No.j

19

B.S.

B.S.
AIR

1506/621A

I D.T.D.
167A

America

France

S.A.E.I A.I.S.I.

A.F.N.O.R.

4137
4140

Werk.toff
No.

4137
4140

Germany
Name

Sweden

D.I.N.

5.1.5.

14.223
14.2244

4543-61

35 Khm

1.7220

34CrM04

17200

--- --19A

167A

4137
4140

U.S.S.R.

G.o.s.T1

Mark

4137
4140

35CD4
42CD4

1.7220
1.7225

34CrM04
42CrM04

17200
1654
17200

14.2244

4543-61

35 Khm

4137
4140

35CD4
42CD4

1.7225

42CrM04

1654

14.2244

4543-61

35 Khm

4142

4142

1.7228

50CrM04

4145

4145

35CD4
42CD4

17200

14.2244

--- - - 19B

4137
4140

- - - --19C

3T50

167A

APPLICATIONS
A low alloy steel which may be heat treated to produce tensile strengths ofthe order of 70 Tons/sq.in.ln small sections SS Tons/sq.ln. in medium sections and 4S Tons/sq.ln. in fairly large sections, combined With good ductility and
resistance to shock. In the hardened and tempered condition it possesses good resistance to wear which may be
considerably in creased by flame or Induction hardening. En 19 may also be used as a nltridlng steel, and for
elevated or low temperature applications.
This stee I can be used as an alternative to the 3 to 3 i per cent nickel steel for sections up to 4 in. The tempering range
to produce similar tensile strengths is higher than that for the nickel steel giving greater reduction in the Internal
stress when heat treated to high tensile strengths.
Typical uses are: Axleshafts, crankshafts, connecting rods, gears, high tensile bolts and studs, propeller shaft
Joints, rifle barrels breech mechanisms for small arms parts, Induction hardened track pins, etc.

WELDING
(See Introduction for key to symbols used In this table)
Weldinl Proce..
En No. -M-A--G---IG--S---F--B-

19
19A

d
d

c
c

b
b

e
e

b
b

Reproduced by kind permllSlon of H.M.S.O.

En 19
1 per cent Chromium-Molybdenum Steel

363

MACHINABILITY
The machinability of this steel in the heat treated (55 to 65 Tons/sq.in.) condition is approximately 40% that of
mild steel (En 3). and in the sohened condition approximately 50% ofthat for mild steel.

HOT WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES

1200 finish
850-asOOC
650-7OOC
850-880C
850-SSOOC
550-7200C

Forging. Rolling and Stamping

Annealing
Sohenlng - Subcritical annealing
Normalizing
Hardening
Tempering

above 850C
Furnace cool
Air cool
Air cool
Oil quench
Air cool or Oil quench.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (d)
Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

-------

03S
036
041

0'21
0'23
023

0'S9
060
067

Ni

Cr

0031 0'028 0'26

0046 0037 0'11
0016 0'015 0'20

088
114
101

Mo
020
031
0'23

Specific
G ravitr at 20C

Heat

Treatment

'C

ReI.

. _ - - - - , ..

A.800 T.6-40 FC
OQ.870 T.6002hr
OQ.850 T.6000Q

7-lHS
783
7'13

1
2
1

SPECIFIC HEAT (c)

Chemical Composition (%)
C

SI

0'35
036

0'21
0'23

Mn

Ni

059 0031 0028 0'26

060 0'046 0037 0'11

Cr

Mo

088
1'14

0'20
0'31

Heat
Treatment

Mean Specific Heat. Cal/C dec C

'C

20to 2Oto 20to 20to 2Oto 2Oto 2Oto 20to 20to 20to
l00"C 200"C 300"C 400"C 500"C 600"C 700"C 800"C 9OO'C l000"C

A.800 T.6-40FC
OQ.870 T.6002hr

0'113 0'117 0'121 0'126 0'131 0138 0146 0'165 0'162 0'160
0'113 0'121 0'128 0'133 0137 -

ReI.

1
2

MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION (0)

Chemical Composition (%)
C
0'35
0'36
0'41

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

0'21 0'59 0'031 0028 0'26 0'88

023 060 0'046 0'037 0'11 114
0'67 0'23 0'016 0015 0'20 1'01
(Within specification)

Mo

Heat
Treatment
'C

10' X Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion/dec C

20to 20to 20to 2Oto 20to 2Oto 20to 2Oto 20to 20to
l00"C 200"C 300"C 400"C 500"C 600"C 700"C 800"C 900"C l000"C

020
A.800 T.6-40 FC
12'8
031 OQ.870 T.600 2hr
11'85
023 OQ.850 T.600 Ihr OQ 122
12'2

132
124
12'8
12'8

13.5
13'3
13-3
13'4

13'9
1375
13'6
138

14'3 14'6 149

14'0 14'45
14'1 14'5
14'1 143 145

11'9

130

13-9

Ref.

1
2
2
3

::s

-0

~
ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (l?)

ISi
Section
dia

Chemic:al Composition (%)

C

Si

Nn

0'3S

0'21

0'59

0'031

Ni

0'028 0,26

(in.)

Cr

No

0,88

0'20

I -

Electrical R.esistivity, microhm em

Heat Treatment
"C
A.800 T.6<IO FC
WQ.950
WQ.950
OQ.950 T.l00

I Ref.

O"C

20"C

l00"C

200"C

300"C

<IOO"C

SOO"C

600"C

700"C

800"C

21"

22'3
29,6
29'7
293

27,1

34'2

42'8

52,9

64'6

78'6

94'4

110,3

1138

33-2 (BO"C)

900"C

l000"C

1~'1

1
4

..

I~
0

-0

036

041

T.600 2hr

23,6

27'4

33,8

41'7

50'5

61'5

73,0

OQ.850 T.600 OQ

26,4

31"3

38,3

47,2

56'5

68,3

81-5

023

0,60

0,046 0037

0'11

114

0,31

I H- I OQ.870

0'23

0'67

0,016 0015

0,20

101

0,23

.,

(II

I~
...

-...
0

I ...
:3"
(II

042

0'30

0'65

0'029 0037

0'27

1,02

0'33

lXi

Tub.

I Anneal.d
OQ.850

T.HO
T.365
T.550
T.670
Annealed
OQ.850
T.150
T.340
T.530
T.660
AC.820

--

I 00.850

T.150 3hr
T.350 3hr
T.550 3hr
T.650 3hr
A.850 lhr
T.650 3hr
T.650 120hr

23'5
35'2
32,8
29'0
25'5
23,7
231
34'3
325
29'7
27,8
23'9
25,0
32'8
31-6
28'6
25'1
230
24-3
23-3
223

39'9 (HO"C)

<10'7 (150"C)

360
360
332
30,6
27'6
29,1

41'0
370
347
36'2

27'6

349

42,8

55'8 (365"C)

53'8 (34O"C)

51,8

630

740 (550"C)
90'5 (670"C)
-

73-1 (530"C)
890 (66O"C)
1130 (820C)

700 (550"C)

..

..
..
..
....
....
..

.
..
..

.,

C;;

:3"

...

VI

:3

it
ITI

......

:3
(II
(II

;;;-

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (k)

Chemical Composition (%)

Section

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

035

0'21

0'59

0'031

0'028

..

0'26

0'88

0'20

..

..

..

..

..

..

Size

dia.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

'C

..

A.8OO T.6-40 FC

OQ. T.l00

0'36

0'23

0'60

O~

0037

0'11

1'14

0'31

1t

0'~2

030

0'65

0'029

0037

0'27

1'02

0'33

1 X
Tub.

..
..
..

..
....

..

..
....
..
..

....
..

..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..

....
....

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
....
..

Thermal Conductivity. Cal/cm s del C

0'103

200
C

300
C

-400
C

500
C

600

700
'C

800
C

900
C

1000
C

0103
(300CI
0082

0'102
(BOOC)
0'084

0'100

0'097

0093

0'087

0'081

0'014

0063

0'065

0'067

(1000C)
0'101

0'096

0'088

0'083

oon

OQ.870 T.6OO 2hr

(500C)
0075
0079
0'086
0'092
0'105
0'102
0'108

OQ.850
.. T.150 3hr
.. T.350
.. T.550
.. T.650
A.850 lhr
.... T.6S0 120hr

..
..
..

flel.

100
'C

20
'C

0
'C

0076
0'080
0'088
0096
0109
0'1~

0'108

0'100

0'088
0096
0'110
0'102
0'106

0'102

0096

0090

0085 (5500C)

..

....
....
..

5i

Mn

036

0'23
023

0'60
067

..
..
..
..
..
..

0'~1

..
..
..
..

..
..

..

..
..
....

..

0037
0'016 0015
O~

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'11
0'20

1'14
1'01

031
0'23

....

..
..
..

..

..
..
..

..
..
..

..

Heat
Treatment

Test
Temp.

(in.)

OQ.870 T.6OO2hr
OQ.850 T.6OO lhr OQ

..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..

1'1>
:::I

Section
Size
dia.

1t

....
C"'I
.,::ro

c'

YOUNG'S MODULUS (E) SHEAR MODULUS (G) POISSON'S RATIO (a)

Chemical Composition (%)

~
.,

..
..
..

20
100
200
300

Younl's Modulus
Tons/sq.in.
Static

Dynamic

13,800

Shear
Modulus
T ons/sq.in.

Poisson's
Ratio

8279

5~00
13,~50

13,150
12,650
12.050
11,350
10,600

500
600

Q.
1'1>
:::I

flel.

c:

13,650

~OO

-<
0-

....

V>

5
2

1'1>

..
....
....
..

!!..

Vibration

m~thod

of determination.

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Chemical Composition (%)
C

0'36

5i

0'23

Mn

060

0'~6

Ni

0'037 0'11

Heat
Treatment
Cr

114

Mo

031

C
OQ.870 T.6OO 2hr

Malnetic induction B (gauss) lor Magnetizing Field H (oersted) =

10

20

SO

60

100

150

900 9000 15700 16OCO 16500 17600 18-400

200

18900

-400

600

800

19950 20500 21000

1000

1200

21300 21700

Coercive
Force
He
(oersted)

Reman ..

16'0

14700

enc.

Brem
(gauss)

flel.

CJ'
In

-0

En 19
Properties of the British Standard En steels

366

TRANSFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS
ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION
Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

0'41

0'23

0'67

0'016 0'015

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'20

1'01

0'23

Basic Electric Arc.

McQuaid Ehn grain size 5-7 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size finer than 8 (ASTM)
Bars hot rolled to dia; cold drawn to 11
S.W.G. with Intermediate annealing at 600C
Austenitizing temperature 860C. 30 min.

~'k

I---i

(
I

1/

aU

,. L.- --- .-

1/

400

"

"-

r
300

~-

1' . . I'........
i'

bOO

1\

- -- ....... t;:::"""":: 1-.-:-

700

500

l'

.-

v ....

~ I(
-~

"

[.....-1/

VV

~
'" ~,1\ 1\ l\
_. .

-~-I-'-

0-

1\

10-

L--_

r-....'-

-- -

~ t--.

I":1)""'-'

~ t"-

- "--

1---1 - -

-- ' - - - - I----

--

..

.-

t:::~ ",-,

.....

....

I-I- I-- - "-- +--

";::K

I'---

L--

l . - t-=-- I -

~
~~

~_JJ

l--- I--

(Ref. 6)

. - _.--"

~qO \

100

200

100

o
10

20

Sec.

10

40 I

20

Min.
Duration

of

40 I
Hr.

ISothermal

FiC. 19.1

treatment.

10 20 I
Day.

En 19
1 per cent Chromium-Molybdenum Steel
ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION

367

(continued)

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Mn

Cr

Mo

0'37

on

098

0'21

ASTM grain size 7-8.

Austenitizing temperature 843C.
(Ref. 7)
800

b . '-- -

~oo

~o

~
3001..

l4-

1<

,-

".

1--

IL ...--

...

- A+ ftc.

I
\

so% ~,\

.... . - 1-- -

~- 1-

-- ---

l--

i'--- t-....

...........

f-- - I---

1/

"

l7
l--'

~iF

l-

,,

,- -

'--

C V

;/

~.

I---

AI

.A

l-

- - - f-- l;; V

700

--

I'---...

l- I-V I---

D i(

L1.\ f--- -

--

MSO
MQO

100

10

20

40 I

Duror ion

of

10

20

40

10

20 I
Doy,

isothermal

FiC. 19.2

treotment.

En 19
Properties of the British Standard En steels

368

CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION

Air Cooled from 845C

(Ref. 2)

~:_

Ac1
I---

Ferrite

f/ }//
700~/~/~IV
./

Start

10%

ferrite+

q5EO~~..

arbide

'0

M'-WV/

~~:=::V ~ Iea,nite.

Mq~-l(;y

3001'"~d"i--t--+_~--r--+--+--+--+---+---l
Marftnsitt.

2ot-:1/t--t--t--+---+--f----+----+----i----i-~
Mf-

100 t---+---+---+--+--+---+--+---j~-+------.j
o

Bar diamel...

equi'i01enr

coolin9

10

'I

10

role (in)

700

bOO

:>

:r
u

.g

50
40

1\

300

20 0

100
o

"

A. ouenelled.

2
Hard.e"

aft.r

transformation.

FiC. 19.3

En 19
1 per cent Chromium-Molybdenum Steel

369

-----'--

(continued)

CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION

Oil Quenched 84S'C

(Ref. 2)
900
Au'tenite

Ac

800

1-- 3,

700

.0

~I

bOO

~
a.

I
//

,!!
~oo

M,.

MIO
MSO

300

I'll

Martensite

9S%

90%
90%

s"

to

10

Ferrit-

CMhid.

~-::1>~

-/-...s~ 1'-_10%
-J

..

,{

-'ri- -U
9S%

-----~

100

Axial

Bainrte.

-/

0
200

--~

/': ..--

=- soo

12..

I F."i

pot'n.
Bar

diameter

equivalent

coolinq

rote

10

(in.)

70 0

O~
00

i
z

30 0

00
100

.......

.......

""-

- ---

r--..

b
Hordneu

after

Fie, 19.4

transformation.

AI quonch.d,

10

En 19
370

Properties

of

the British Standard En steels

(continued)

CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION

Water Quenched 845C

(Ref. 2)
'100

800

--

>-.-Ac,

AUltenite.

Ac

1--1.
700

bOO

r~

soo

400

:~~~
~ ~0%.'1O~

MI.

MIO.. oJOv

MSO

M'l0

Mr

200

""",tenlite.

100

~.~
\p ~

./

r;.--

-I

0%.
'1 0%
t nd

I---

~?(

f..-- I--.J

/- --- V
'IS %

O~o

..~
(; ...~
-- Ih ~

Baini!s- ~

.'1S%."" ~

..:: Stort

./

I
AxIal poln.
Bar

diameter

equivalent

cooling

rato

\0

in.

700
bOO
SOO

:>

:I:

~
"-..........

400

~ JOO
~

:I:

200

............

r---

s auenched.

100
10

4
Hardneu

af rer

FI,. 19.5

fral"lsformation.

10

En 19
1_ E~!!-'!!. _C~~omium-Mo'ybdenum Stee_'

371

HARDENABILITY
END QUENCH HARDENABILITY
(Ref. 6)
Chemical Composition (%)

51

0'41

023

0'67

Ni

Cr

Mo

700

0'2

101

0'23

bOO

Mn

0'016 0'015

800

.......

Basic Electric
McQuaid Ehn
As Quenched
Austenitizing

;-- 500
:r

Arc.
grain size 5-7 (ASTM)
grain size finer than 8 (ASTM)
temperature 860C. 30 min.

""

i'....

.........

300
200

b
DIstance

from

10
quenched

Ib

12
~nd

or

bor

18

20

(In)

Fig. 19.6

Chemical Composition (%)

C

5i

Mn

0'39

0'25

0-70

0036 0'027

Ni

Cr

Mo

027

1'04

0'22

Acid Open Hearth.

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6-7 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 10 (ASTM)
Bars Oil Quenched from 860C Tempered 600C
End Quenched from 860C.
(Ref. 8)

bOO

-f
:-

I~

..........

l
r-::: t-.::

.......

500

~ ~V ~
~

Oc-

t--300

bOO

c
I ond

Tb50

Jo ,I I I

t-0

200

)5
8

"

r; vA,,, .
A,i

1r1.O()

I I

A, quonch.d

~ t'-

IY4 d;o bor

of 2V4 d,o bar.

0\

A,i,

1IJ<. of 33 "d,o bar.

of4'ad,o bor

I'-.......

r-- 1"-

r--. r--.

r-- .............

10

12

14

10
1b

Diltonce

18
trom

20

22

quenched end

Fig. 19.7

l' 5
24
of

2b
bar.

28

30

2'0
32

nches.

34

3b

Silleenths.

22

En 19
372

Properties of the British Standard En steels

END QUENCH HARDENABILITY BAND

800

700

bOo

i/t/-;

S( V/ /:V/ v/ 7

L. L

t7:; --/

G v/V v/ v/ ~ vj [0v/[0 // v/ ~:?;

....K
// V; 'i: //
k ~'i[0 ~[0
/

~ 500

:I:

!"-7-

400

300
05

200

1-0
10

12

Dstonce

14

1-5

16

from qtJt'l"Ich~

v/ /

18

20

22

24

20
26

28

30

Inches.

32 5i.100.'''

eond of bar .

Fig. 19.8

This band has been constructed from the results obtained

on several casts of En 19.

HARDNESS TRAVERSE DATA

Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

0'39

0-25

Ni

0'70 0'036 0-027 0'27

Cr

Mo

1'04

0-22

Acid Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 6-7 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 10 (ASTM)
(Ref. 8)
I'
Y2dia.

...,o

550 1-------tlr-+---lp~F7'yc.-__+-6f_~---_i

>

:I:

500 1------+-4,----\----1-----1---,1-+------1

~o

:r

4 50 I------+---'It-----="+"~--->L--+------I

Oil Quenched 860C

400 l 20

.......L
10

---:.I.::-

Distance

from

.-,j

2'0

10

centre of

bar (in)

Fig. 19.9
350

o...,

>:r

'\

-------..

300

--

250

Oil Quenched 860C Tempered 600C

200

30

20

.............

r--..

10
[Jist"nce

.. -

~1~4'
dlo

2~dio.

- ----

..... 1-'

o
from

3 dia.

10
cent~

nf

-4 ~
dio.

20
bar (in)

JO

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Process of

Han ufactu r.

A5TM
Grain

Size

7-8

Si

0').4

..
..
.
..

.
..
..
..
..
.
..
..

0'35
0'35
0'35

.
..

B.E.A.
7-8

. 0'31..
.. .
0'35
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
..
.
..
.
..
..
..
..

Mn

Ni

Cr

.
.
..

Mo

.
..
.

Section
Size
di.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

..
..
.

0'57

..
..
.

1'03

0'35

.
..
..
..
.
..
..
..

.
..

..
.

..
..

,...

..
..
..
..

..
..
2 i sq .
..
..
..

..
.
..
..
..

0'69
0'56
0'53 0'013 0'030

..

0'65

..
.
.
..
.
..
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
.

..
..

.
.

.
.

..

0'5604

1'05
1'02
1'04

023
0'31
032

..

.i
.

..
.
.
.
..
.
.

030

.
..

1'09

..
.
.
..

.
.
..
..
..

.
..
..

.,

..

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
..
.
..
..

..
..
.
..
..
..
..
2 i
..
..

.
3
.

..
..
..
.
.
.
..
.
..
..
.
.

OQ.850 T.200
T.300
T.<fOO
T.450
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.700
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.700

(C)

.. (0)
.. (e)

OQ.880 T.750
OQ.86O T.650
OQ.850 T.620 AC
.. T.630
.. T.640
AC.840
AC.840
OQ.850 T.200
.. T.300
.. T.<fOO
.. T.4S0
.. T.500
.. T ..5 50
.. T.600
.. T.650
.. T.700
OQ.850 T.550
.. T.600
.. T.650
.. T.700
OQ.850 T.66O
T.550 2hr+ T.500 7hr
OQ.850 T.550

.. (0)

..
..
..

0.5%
P.5.

Y.P.
(J~s)

111'2
106'4
96'7
90'8
82'8
73.4
63'5
55'6
48'9
604'4
53'8
43'9
40'8

0.2%
P.5.

(0.2Rp)~ (0.5R p)

T.5.
(R m )

Tons/sq.in,

..

2
0'5604

0.05%
01%
P.5.
P.5.
(0.05Rpl (O.IR p )

..
..

T.600

30'0
604'2
63'0
63'0
59'0
47'6
41'6
106'4
102'8
89'7
87'8
82'2
72'8
61'5
50'5
....5
63'2
49'5
.... 0
398
....1
44'0
6"'0
640
15'6
51-3

120'8
1093
97'6
92'2
85'0
769
66'9
59'4
52'6
693
609
$4'4
50'4
42'8
692
710
70'0
65'0
61'2
56'5
116'7
106'3
96'9
89'3
84'3
76'0
66'6
56'4
49'9
68'6
58'3
53'0
..8'7
55'2
57'0
71'4
70'7
59'6
59'5

EI

(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

42
42
47
55
55
57
66
66
68
57
64
24
68
2Si 70

24

26
21
21
17
19
20
11

t
t
t
t
t
t

Ref.

29
19
18
33
43
52
84
98
103
57
80
95
107

(Z)

13i
12
13 i
14
16 i
18 i
21 i
23 i
26
18
21 i

28
20
22
23
23
17 i
17 i
13i
12 i
14i
15 i
16 i
17
21 i
24 t
26
18
20 t

Izod
ft. lb.

50
51

55
59
60i
42
47
42
42
52
55
55
59
66
70
70
57
64
68
70
62
61
55
59
64
66

....
52
63

26
21
20
31
41
46
82
102
110
40
T7

89
97
66
53
35
46
71
75

..
..
..
..

..

.
.

..
..

"i
.,

.
..
.

.,

..

3
i:
3

-9

.
.
2
.
.
..
.
..
.
..
..
..
.

10

~
~

roo

n
:r
o

-<
0-

:i~

c::

V\

g
!!...

..
..
..
..

.
.
..
..
.
..

.....

....-.0
::I

=
-

-0

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

w

(continued)
Chemica' Composition (%)
ASTM
Process of
Manufacture Grain
Size

Si

.
..

Cr

Ni

0'35

109

..

..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0'24

Mo

.. ....
.. ..
.. .
.. ..

0'65

....
...
....
..
..
....

0'36
0'36
0'36
0'36

Mn

030

.... ..

..
.. ..

0'68
0'60
0'62
0'60 0046 0037 0'11

....
...

....
..

1'07
1'03
1'02
1'14

0'28
0'21
0'32
031

Treatment

(in.)

dia.

....*
..
..

..
...
..
.

..

..
..

..
.....
...
..
....

..
.

0'37

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
.... ...
.. ..

.. ...
.. ..

..
..
..

.. ..
.. ..

..
..

..
....

ose

...
...
..

0'38

.. .... ...
....
.. ..

0'28

1'04

0'35

(0)

(0)

(C)

(0)

(0)

(C)

(M)

6 x5
0'564

.....

1'10

(C)

7 x6(C)
(M)

1t

..
.
....
..
....

....

057

(C)
(0)

4 sq. (C)

.. 0'23.. .. .. .. . . ..

..

Tensile

Section
Size

1t
1t

0'36

..

..

...
2t
..
.
... (C)
(C)
...
... (C)
4

(0)

(0)

(C)

(0)
(0)

2t
4

Ii

Heat

. ..

0'2%
0'5%
\ 0'05% 0'1%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O'OSR p ) (O"R p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
. ..

.. T.600

OQ.850 T.550

.. .
.. ..

.. T.600

OQ.850 T.620
OQ.850 T.200
OQ.850 T.650
A.870 FC
OQ.870 1hr T.600 2hr AC
OQ.850 T.550
T.600
T.650
T.700
OQ.850 T.550
T.600
.. T.650
.. T.700
OQ.850 T.550

52'4

..
..
..
..

.. .
.. ..

.. T.600

. ..

.. T.650

.. ..

.. T.700

.. ..

OQ.850 T.700
.. T.650

45'6
45'1
38'8
39'3
60'2
560
50'6
47'6
52'0
52'0
57'4
42'3
42'4

$.f8
$.f2
.fa2
493
66'2
636
547
57'4
594
59'2
59'2
57'6
52'8

24
23
26
2H
1Si
19+
II
2H
14
14
1Si
19
20

68
70
68
72
57
59
62
66
36
39
52

38'8
109'2
64'0
ll'6

II
8i
20
29+
2H
16
20i
lli
24i
17 i
19
23
2H
18
19
20
19+
lli
21
23i
24

60
4

79'1
66'9
53'5
490
63'2
59'8
465
40'4
596
60'8
55'6
55'2
46'4
45'2
41-6
4107

.fa8
120'2
68'1
42'4
61'5
83'2
72'0
60'8
57'1
72'2
69'1
57'1
53'4
68'6
69'1
62'2
64'5
55'6
56'2
52'4
52'7

....9
40'1
50'4
42'5

$.f5
51-6
se'6
53-5

2H
24
lli
23i

Tons/sq.;n.

.. T.700

.. ..

T.S.
(R m )

EI R.A.
(%) (%)
(A) (Z)

OQ.850 T.650

OQ.850 T.550

Y.P.
CRs)

....
55

66
67
50
59
64
66
52
57
64
66
50
55
55
57
64
64
64
66

Izod
ft. lb.

Ref.

82
87
97
100
38

...
..
...
..
...

....

67
79
21
II
24
.fa
65

56
12
71
30
21
42
78
72
15
2S
75
79
13
15
28
25
75
75
84
78
80
76
84
73

..
..

..

3
2
9
3

;:0
(;;.

--

..
..
..
....

.g...
~

.
....
...

..
..
....
..
..

--

..
9

..

...So
..,

tD

::r
~

go
:::J

a.

I'T1

:::J

*...
;;;

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Proc... of

Manufacture

Tensile
Section
Size
di

ASTM
Grain
Size

5i

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Heat

Treatment

(in.)

..
..

....

0'37

..
.....
..

B.E.A

.
..
.
....
.
..
.
..

0'37
0'37

0'31
0'30

0'93

0'23

067 0'031 0032

0'67 0022 0'024

109
107

0'25
0'22

.. ..

....
...

......
..

B.E.A.

0'37

0'25

071

0'022 0'031

B.O.H.

0'37
0-37
0'37

024
028
0'25

071
071
0'73

0029 0'037

B.E.A.

..
....
..
..
..
..
...

..
..

....
..

....

...
..

.. ..
.. ..
.... ....
.. . . . ..
..
..
....

..
..
....

....

..
....
..
....
..
....
..
......
..
..
..

,..

.. ..

052

2t
1

..
..

..

Ii

..
.
..
.. ..

..

11

106

0'28

2i

1'26
106
0'009 0016 022 098

0'29
0'25
0'27

2i

.... ... ..
..
.. . .
.. .. ..
.. . .
.. .. ....
.... ....
..
.... .... ..
..
.. .. ..
.. .. ..
...... ...... ......
.... .... ,.....
.. ..
.... .... ...
.... .... ....
.. .. ..

..
....
...
..
..

....
..
..
...

..
..
...
.
..

... .... ......

.. .. .

..
..
..
..
.....

..... .....

..
..
..
..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. .
.. ..
.. ..

2t

4.

.f
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
....

..
..
..
....

..
..
..

..
..
....
.. ..
....
..
.. ..

.. ..
.. ..

....
..
..
..
..

4*

005% 0'1%
0'2%
0'5%
P.S
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O'05R p) (0' lR p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

..
..

..

..
..

..
....
..
..
..
..
..

..

....

..

..
..
..
..

T.5.
(R m )

62'1
510
483
50'0
52'0
480
53'0
47'0
56'0
56'0
046'0
41'2
40'0

68'1
58'8
563
595
62'5
600
62'5
57'0
604'5
65'0
58'0
SofO
53'0
70'6
63'2
59'6
55'5
49'0
41'3
68'0
61-2
59'2
54'2
508
455
598
518
482
0467
58'9
509
046'8
43'6
SO8
488
47'2
42'1

Tons/sq.in.

OQ.860 T.600
T.650
T.600
OQ.850 T.650 AC
OQ.860 T.600 AC
T.620
T.6ofO ..
T.600
T.600 WQ
OQ.860 T.650 AC
T.650
OQ.870 T.630
OQ.870 T.6ofO
AC.870 lhr
T.500 2hr AC
T.550
T.600
T.650 ..
T.700
AC.870 lhr
T.500 2hr AC
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.700
AC.870 lhr T.500 2hr AC
T.600
T.650
T.700
AC 870 lhr T.500 2hr AC
.. T.600
T.650
T.700 ..
AC.870 lhrT.500 2hr AC
T.600 ..
T.650
T.700

....
....

Y.P.

(Rs)

..
..

..

... ....
..
.. ..

.. ..
.. ..
.. .

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..

..
..

..
....

.... .
.

360
50'2

410
50'4

0469
509
....7

37'5
48'1
47'0
42'6

416
48'4
471
427

046'8
48'8
47'2
429

455

046'2

47'5

405
365

425
367

.... 6
368
330

564
53'4
47'6
48'1

539
510
485
43-7
387
33'5
495
395
355
335
483
37'5
33'9
290
312
32'1
28'6
29'0

375
35'5

EI R.A.
(%) (%)
(A) (Z)

19
22
21
23
18
19
21
19
20
24
22
23
23
15
18*
20
23
26
27*
17
22
21
22
24 *
30*
21i
25
2'*
2Si
19
25
35
29
25
25 *
28
30

63i
55
58
60*
58
59i
56
61 *
59
Sof*
39
55
56
6H
62
6Si
43
55
56
61i
604
68
56
59 *
62
6of!
52
59i
61i
68
61
57!
62t
65

Izod
ft. lb.

Ref.

56

..9

75
604
62
69
046
60
61
68
81
60
9
21
30

10

n
n

..

...
..
.....

.
..

11
3

....
....
....

70f
92
97
13
26
31
77
91
102
22
54
75
81
22
55

..
.....

106
60
63
67
54

..

..
..
....

"'0'

..,
~

::J
....

~
c:

~
~

::J

s:::

VI

:;

!!..

..
..
...
..

VI

::I

--0

rn

::I

.....

--0

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

at

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
rocess of
M anuracture

ASTM
Grain
Size

Tensile
Section

Heat
Treatment

Size

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

dia.

(in.)

..

B.E.A,

..
.
.

..
..

..
.
.
..
.
.

.
.

..
.

..
..
.
..
..
.
.
.

..
..
..
.
..
.
.
.

..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
..
..

0'37

..
..
..
..
..
.
..

..
.
..
..
..
..
.

.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
..
..

.
..
..
.
..

0'25

..
..
..
.
.
..
..
.
.
..
.
..
.
..
.
.
..
..
.
.

..
..
.
..
.
.
..
..
..

..
.

.
..
..

..
.

0'73 0'009 0'016 0'22

..
..
..

.
..
.
.
..

..
..
..
.
..
..
.
.
..
.
..
.
.
..
..
.
.
..
..
.
..

..
..
.
.

.
..
..
..
..

.
.

.,

.
..
..
..
..
..
.
..
..
..
..
.
..
.
..
..
..

..
.
..
..
..
.
..

..

..
.

..
..
.

..
.

..
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
..
.
..
..
..
.
..
..
..
.
..
..
..
..
..

.
.

.
..
..
..
..

.
.

..
..
..
.
..
..

.
.

..

.
..
..
..
..
.
..
..
..
.
..
..
.
.
..

..

098

..
..
.
..
..

..
..
.
.
..
..
.
..
..
.
..
..
..
.

.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
..
.
.
.

..
..
..

..
.
.

0'27

..
..

.
.
.

..
..
.
.
..
.
..
.
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
.
.
.

..

..
..
..
..
.
..
..
..

.
..

.
..
.

..
.
.
..
..
.
.

1t

..
..
..
.
..
..

..
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
..
.

OOS% 01%
0.2%
05%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0.05R p) (O.lR p) (0.2R p) (0.5R p)

...
..

OQ.870 lhr

.
.

2hr AC
..
..
..
..
..

.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
..
..

T.100
T.200
T.300
T.400
T.500
T.550
T.600
1'.625
T.650
T.675
T.700
T.720

2 hr AC
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
.
.
..
..
..
..

T.400
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.675
T.700

2hr AC
..
..
..
..
..
..

T.400
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.675
T.700

2hr AC
..
..
..
..
..
..

.
.

OQ.870 lhr

OQ.870 1hr

..
.
..

OQ.870 lhr

..
..
.

T.S.
(R m)

Tons/sq.;n.

T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.675
T.700

..
..

Y.P.
(Rs )

..

78'2
81'9
71'1

88'7
82'5
71'5

9N,
83'5
72'0

..
..

.
.
.
..
..

..
.
..

57'4
58'7
63'5
78'6
80'5
677
61'4
53'5

66'4
67'9
73'1
853
857
71'1
63'1
54-5

75'7
n'8

83'0
91'8
89'6
73-5
64'5
55'2
51'5

..

..
....
.
.

88'0
90'8
87'8
94'2
94'0
75'4
65'8
56'1
51'8
47'1
45'0
40'8
39'4

133'4
86'2

Izod
R.A. Ie. lb.
(%)

10
15
1H
21
24
28
27

30
sot
58t
6st
66
71
69

15
30
50
75
97
104
107

107'7
107'0
99'0
80'3
n'5
64'3
60'1
56'7
52'9
49'8
47'3

lH
12t
12
13
12t
16
18
22
23
24
261
28i
29

3H
39t
41
46t
43t
54t
59
66
67t
68i
691
70
691

16
16
14
11
15
34
53
85
96
104
109
109

n'2

67'7
58'8
52'7
51'1
106'3

109'0

Ref,

(Z)

90

37'9
50'9
52'2
50'9
,4]'2

44'5
55'1
53'0
51'7
43'5

527
60'5
54'5
527
43'6

62'2
67'0
57'1
54'3
44'8
38'8
35'6
]4'0

80'4
75'7
66'8
64'1
56'3
51-7
48'9
47'7

13
16
19i
2H
2H
26
28
27

3H
49
59
62t
66
69
7H
70

10
14
23
40
86
98
105
113

36'5
46'5
46'4
44'4
40'3

407
49'5
48'5
43'6
40'5

42'0
53'8
51'0
47'4
40'8

55'5
59'8
54'5
49'4
41'9
38'4
34'1
33'1

70'4
68'9
63'5
58'7
53'0
49'8
47'0
44'9

16i
17
18i
22
20i
24i
27
30

44i
56
5st
60i
60t
6H
66t
70

12
14
24
36
85
90
88
112

.
..
.
..
..
..

85'0
no
63'2
52'0
46'0
44'0

E
(%)
(A)

..
..
..
..
..

..
..
.
..
..
..
..

..
.

..
..
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
..
.
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..

...

"lJ

.gn

.,....
(;.
'"o
-...
....
:;,n

.,

OJ
~
;;;
.

:;,-

...

VI
Q

:::s

a.
~

1TI

:::s

:;
'"
n

Vi

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)

Proce.. 01
HanufllCture

a.E.A.

I
I

AST.M
Gr:a on
SIze

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Si

I 0'37 02S

Hn

Ni

073 0009 0'016 022

Cr

0'98

Ho

0'27

Section
Size
dia.

Treatment

(in.)

Heat

OQ.870 lhr

..
..
..
.
.
..
..
..
..

.. (0)

.. (M)
.. (0)

.. (H)
.. (0)

.. (H)
.. (0)

.. (H)

.
.
.

.. (0)

.. (M)
.. (0)

.. (M)

..
..

.. (0)

.. (M)

WQ.870 Ihr

1t

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....

.
..
..
..
..
..
.
.
..
.
..
..

T.400 2hrAC
T.500 ..

..
..
T.600
..
T.6S0
..
T.675
..
T.700
..

T.550

..

T.500 2hr AC
T.550 ..
T.600 ..
T.650 ..
T.700 ..
WQ.870 lhr T.500 2hr AC
T.550 ..
T.600 ..
T.650 ..
T.675 ..
T.700 ..
WQ.870 lhr T.400 2hr AC
T.500 ..
T.550 ..
T.600 ..
"
T.650 ..
T.700 ..
WQ.870 Ihr T.400 2hr AC
T.500 ..
T.550 ..
T.600 ..
T.650 ..
T.700 ..

Y.P.
(I~s)

T.S.
(R m )

Tons/sq.in.

6 (0)
.. (H)

oft

0.2%
005%
01%
05%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O.05Rpl (O.lR p) (O.2R p) (O.SR p)

-40'"
371
"7'1
..5'9

.... 1
..1'6
..9'1
48'6

..9'"
46'9
52'"
53'1

..9'2
46'5
....2
39'8
392

50'0
..70
45'8

51'0
..7'2
"7-3

39'5

399

92'9

99'9

108'2

.
..
.

..
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

56'5
5"'8
57'"
59-2
5"-1
53'7
..8'5
"9-5
-40'5
..1'0
39-9
38'7
35'0
3"'3
33'2
33'0

n'8

70'8
59'3
51'2

.... ...

89'0
74'7
61'5

75'5
62'2

5"'3
53'0
51'2
..5'5

60'5
56'4
5"'2
"7-0

89'1
75'9
625

68'5
607
570
48'0
-40'2

78'1
70'"
60'0
52'5
45'9
42'7
90'0

n'9

63'6
58-7
48 ..
38'5
76'0
6.. ..
58'9
..9'2
....1
36'3

67'3
69'5
66'0
67'8
62'9
62'2
59'3
59'7
52'1
52'5
516
503
48'3
47'3
463
..5'8
110'0
81-6
75'3
65."
57'6
..9'9
82'6
75'7
668
593
522
49'"
99'2
82'3
73'7
65'9
57'7
..9'7
83'6
71-7
66'5
58'8
51'7
..7'7

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A. Ilzod
ft lib I Ref.
(%) . .

(Z)

16 i 51 t
14
9
I" t ..1 t
19
56
22
15
15
52
20
30
60t
20
35
58 t
21 t 57 t
30
20
55 t
34
23 i 60
62
22
n
60
25
88
62 i
93
25t 63 t
27 t M
92
27 i 66
95
108
29
67 i
93
27 t 66
(8roke in thread)
17
55
37
18 t 58 i
53
76
17t
101
18 t
2S
57
99
18
37
55 t
18
52
58 i
21 t 63
73
2..
66
93
26
99
65 t
30 i 69
103
15
13t 47
16t ..7 t
32
20
59
50
22
74
59 t
9..
26 t 69
28
69 t
108
13
13
46
16
50
29
19
60
63
63
22
87
25
70
100
28
70 t
95

....

..,

I 3

..
.
..
.
.
.
.
..
..

"'0
I1l

.,
1'\

....
.,0:=I1l

:=

("\

3
C'
3

-<
0~

.
.

I ..

:=

c:

VI
....
I1l
I~

,I~
......

m
~

.-...

--0

m
:::s

-0

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Proceslof
Manu facture

ASTM

Grain

Size

Si

0'37

..

...
..

025

..
....
....
....
..
....
..

B.O.H.
B.E.A.
B.E.A.

..
.

B.E.A.

...

Ni

..
....
...

Cr

.....

..
....

Mo

... ....
.... ...
., ..
.... ..
.... ...
.. ....

0'22 098

....
..
....
...

...

130

0'50

038

..

... 0'016....
... 073.... 0009
.. .. ... ....
.... ...... .... ....
... .... .... ....
. . .. ..
.. .. .... ... ....
..

...
..
.
..
.
..
....

...
..
...
....

B.E.A.

B.O.H.

Mn

0'27

..

040

....
..
....

.. .
.. ..

..
... ..
.. ..

... ... .. .... ....

Heat Treatment

(in.)

dia.

6t (0)
.. (M)
.. (0)

.. (M)
.. (0)

.. (M)

.. (0)

.. (M)

" (0)

.. (M)

.. (0)
.. (M)

..
....
2t
..
..
..
oft
..
H

2t
3

st

.. 032..
.. ..

1t

1'06
1'00
104

0'21
0'23
0'25

1i

102

0'25

2i

0'38

0'15

0'61

0024 0017

1'11

6-7

0'38
0'38
0'38

0'25
032
0'35

0'95 0040 0036

0'63 0020 0'024
0'68 0025 0032

0'38

035

0'59 0025 0050

.. . .. . .
. . .. . ..

Section Size

. ..
.. .

i
i

2t

. . ...
. .. ..
.. .. ....
. . ..
.. .. ....
. .. ..

..
..
..
...

WQ.870 lhr T.<400 2hr AC

T.5oo ..
T.550 ..

...
....

T.600 ..
T.650 ..

....

T.7oo ..

..
.....
...
....
..
...
..

OQ.850 T.650
T.670
T.700
T.n5
T.700
T.m
T.650
T.670
T.5oo
T.nO
T.7oo
T.n5
T.7oo

OQ.850 T.660 AC
T.650 ..
OQ.86O T.620 ..
OQ.860 T.650 ..
OQ.850 T.620 ..
OQ.860 T.630 AC
T.650 ..
OQ.860 T.650 AC
T.650AC

.
.

0'05% 0'1% 0'2% 0'5%

Y.P.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O'OSRp) (O'lR p) (0'2Rp) (0'5Rp) (Rs )

T.S.
(R m )

EI. R.A.
(%) (%)
(A) (Z)

Izod
ft. lb.

Ref.

Tons/sq.in.
68'4
47'4
63'5
54'0
60'1
46'5
48'8
40'9

74'8
51'8
662
55'6
62'0
48'2
49'0
41-7

SQ'4
56'2
689
57'5
63-3
50'3
49'5
420

906
71-3
77'6
69'2
715
61-7
61-9
548
56'9
52'4
49'3
469

85'2
61'3
71'4
604
64'5
52'8
50'7
43'8
47'4
41'5
39'1
34'6

10
1st
17
19t
18
19t
22
22t
2H
25
28
27t

31t
49
55
50ft
56
sst
62t
64
67t
66
69t
67t

14

17
35
36
46
35
77
. 83
94
97
103
103

.....
..
....
..
..
...

..
--

20 t
22
23
25
22
24
20
20t

45'0
41'0
44'0

680
650
600
55'0
590
545
65'5
610
81'0
540
560
530
560

51'0
48'4
45'0
50'0
56'0
48'0
45'0
47'0
44'0

570
56'4
560
560
650
62'0
56'0
590
550

23
27
22
24
24
21
24
21
22

59'0
56'0
50'0
43'0
48'0
43'0
55'5
51'0

n
83
90
95
79
84
67
71
17
88
61
70
57

22
23
23
66
67i
66
59t
59t
60i
6H
58
57

82
80
82
81
53
73
84
66
60

..
.....
..
....

....
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..

10

.....

"'0

.g
til

i'D'

'"

~
So
til

::!.
....

C;;.

:I

a..
~

11'1

:I

'"
fi:'
til
;;;

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%1
Process of
Manufacture

ASTM
Grain
Size

B.E.A.
A.O.H.

0-38
0'38

..

SI

0-33
0,2"

Mn

Ni

0'80 0023 0032

0'68 0039 0035 0'13

Tensile

Cr

Ho

1'04 031
103 028

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Section Sin
di.

Heat Treatment

(in.)

'C

,,+

-h

0'05% 0'1% 02% 0'5%

P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05 Rpl (O'lRpl (0'2Rpl (0'5Rpl

Y.P.
(Rsl

T.S.
(Rml

(%1
(AI

R.A.
(%1
(ZI

S2'0
68,"
680

25
19+
20

61+
57+
58t

Izod
It. lb.

Ref.

10
12

Tons/sq.in.
<\0'0
59'2
59'2

00.860 T.7oo AC
00.850 T.630
.. T.630

..

-0'39
0'39
0'39

..

..
..
..

6-7

B.E.A.

..

..
..
..
..

H.F.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.
H.F.

"-6

....
..
.
..

..
..
....

..
..

A.O.H.

..
....
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

6-7

"

023

1'06
100
031 117

0'7"
0'70
0'69

0'29
0'20
0'38

5
3
H

..
.. .. .. H
....
..
..
.. ..
I
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .i
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. ,.
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. ..

0'39

039
0'39
0'39
0'39
0'39

030

0'22
0'18
0'18
027
0'17

080 O'OH 0'029

0'90
0," 0'019
0'" 0043
0,7" 0019
0-'"

.... .... ....

.. .. ..
.. .. ..
.. .. ..

..
..
..
. ..

039

..
....

..

090

108
0029 0'2" 152
123
0037
0033
1-28
102

0'2"
0'29
0'31
0'3"
0'26

.. ..
.. ..
.. .. ,
.. ..
.. ..

.. 070.. 0036.. 0027.. 027.. 104..

.. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. ..
.... .... .. .. .... ....
.. ..
.. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. ..

0-25

023

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

022

,.
t
,...
..
..

3f

3 sq .
2 + sq .

..

1 t (C)
2 t (C)
(0)
3 (C)
(H)
(0)
1 i (C)
(H)
(0)

..

..

..
..
..

00.850
00.860
00.850
..
..
00.850
..
00.860
..

T.650
T.680
T.600
T.600
T.650
T.630
T.6<IO
T.630
T.640

00.850 T.680
N.875 00.850 T.600
00.850 T.7oo
00.850 T.660
00.8<10 T.550 AC

. .

.. ..
.. ..

WO

.. T.650AC

WO

.. T.7ooAC

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

535
565
695
71-9
63-9
585
59'6
610
575

20+
22
18
19
21
23
21
2"
2"

38'0
62'5
""0
55'8
7,...

52'0
719
56'"

76'0

25
18+
2"
20
18

551
57

52'"

608

23+

"'+

<\8'6

58'"

2<1

65 +

510

57'6
502
535
17'8
190
19'8
""2
4],9
<\8'3

23
2"
2"
27
26
27
27
261
27

66
63
66t
651
65 t
67
63+

WO

.. ..
.. ..

00.860 T.650 AC

..
..
..
..
..

"2'0
""6
63'0
"'9
58'1
51'0
51-6
52'0
"8'0

",...

38'"

..

..
..
..
..

.. ..

3<\."

38'5

38'8

31'5

""8
3<\9

,,1-5

36'6
37'9
33'6
3<\'7
35"

",."

57

73

58
53

"

6H
63+
"'t
63+
61+

'"

'"

651

""

63
87
81
82
91

3
9

..

..
..

....
..

10

89

3
8

71
60
52
H
79
104

11

92

100
92

87
85
90
93
86
87
76

"'0
<1>

.,

...'"
<1>
~

n
~

a3

i:
3

i:
:}
~

c:

..

<1>

..
..
..
..
..

...

V\

..8
..
..

..
..
..
..
..

:::I

-0

",

::I

~
tAl

00

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical CompOJition (%)
Process of
'M
f
anu acture

AST!'1
GraIn
Size

Tensile

S~~~~n
C

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

d'
la.

Heat
Treatment

(in,)C
A.O.H.
..

6-7
..

..

..

..
..

0'39 0'25

0'70 0'036

..
..

0'07
..

0'27
..

..

..

..
..

1'IK 0'22
....
..

..

..
..

....
..
..
..

..

(0)

..

..

..

..

..
..

..
..

..
..

..

..

..

..
..

..
..

..
..

..
..

..

..

..

..

..

..
..

..
..

..
..

..
..

....
..
..

3 (C)
.. (M)

..

..

..

..

..

..

..
..

..
..

..
..

..
..

....
..
..

<4 t (C)
.. (M)

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

096
1'1<4
1'29
1'27

0'27
0'<40
0'<40
0'29

B.E.A.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

5-6
6-7

0'<40
0'<40
0'<40
0'<40
..

0'29
0'17
0'16

059
0'61
0'56

0'02<4
0'0<40
0'032

0'028
0'028
0'020

..

..

..

..

B.O.H.
B.E.A.

6-8

..
..
..
0'<40
..
0'<40
0'<40

..

(0)

<4 t (C)
.. (M)

..

(0)

1 ! (C)
2 ! (C)

..

0'61
..

on
0'67

0029
0018

0'016
0012

10<4 028
....
1'20 0'26
1'1<4 0'2<4

OQ.860 T.570 AC

(0)

(0)

(0)

<4 t
1i
1t

2 ..

0'27
..
0'26
0'22

OQ.860 T.600AC

3 (C)
.. (M)

..
..

..

..

1 HC)
2 ! (C)

1!
3
3t
2t
3 ..
1t
Billet

OQ.86O T.700 WQ
OQ.860 T.630 AC
OQ.860 T.650 AC
OQ.8S0 T.600
....
.. T.650

OQ.850
..
OQ.870
OQ.8S0

0'05% 0'1% 0'2%

0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R ) (O'IR ) (0'2R ) (0'5R)

T.600
T.680
T.570
T.650

56'8
<420
<46'9
39'5
<40'8
<41'3
36'8
38'5
<40'3
57'2
<43'8
<47'8
<41'6
<43'6
<45'6
<40'1
<42'8
<459

58'0
<42'5
<47'1
<40'1
<41'2
<41'<4
369
38'6
<40'<4
58'0
<4<4'6
<48'3
<42'8
<4<4'1
%'0
<41'5
<43'7
%.<4

Tonl/sq.in.

Y.P.
(R s)

593
<4<4'6
<48'<4
<41'7
<42'5
<42'<4
37'8
399
<40'8
58'1
<417
50'3
<45'7
<45'$
<47'7
<457
%0
<479

35'0
<4<4'0
<48'0
629
55'0
5<4'2
50'2
<47'2
<4<4'<4
<49'0
38'0
<49'6
50'0

T.S.
(Rm )

II

EI
(%)
(A)

(%i

RA

(Z)

bod
Ib
t..

Rf
e.

66'5
55'8
59'6
53'2
5<4'<4
5<4'5
<49'8
52'1
53'0
66'0
58'<4
60'9
56'<4
56'7
59'0
569
57'2
59'6

20t
22 t
21 t
23
23 t
23 t
2<4
22 t
23 t
20 t
20 t
20
22
21 t
21 t
21
21
21

62
59
62 t
60
61 t
62
58 t
58 t
61 t
61
57
58 t
57 t
57 t
59
53 t
5<4
53

64
73
70

50'0
55'0
57'0
69<4
62'6
61'6
58'6
57'2
55'2
61'0
52'0
59'6
56'8

22
20
22
22
18 t
2<4
2<4
22 t
2<4
19
25
21
19

52 t
64 t
61 t

38
10
81
..
78
..
63
5
58"
88"
96"
82"
7<4"
<49
3
89
..
83
11
M
13

5<4 t
63 t
64

n
n
n

73
66
61
64
69
69
70
<41
68
66
51
<43

8
..
..

..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

"V

-i
~

~
~

....

::r

(ll

.,1XI
M:
in'

::r

....VI
Cl

:;,
Cl..

aCl

m
:;,

'"~

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Tensile

Chemica' Composition (%)

Procell of

Hanufaetu re

B.E.A.

..

ASTM
Grain
Size

7-41

"

....
..
..

..
..
..
"
"

Si

..
..

0'26

0'''1
0'..1
0'''1

0'2]

..
....

....

..

B.O.H.

..

A.O.H.
B.O.H.

083

.. .. ..
..
.. .... ....

..

Ni

Cr

0'009

0012 0'11

0'904

..

0'60
076
0'68

1-30
116
0'1] 1'2..

6-7
6

0'69
0'54
0'67
076
054

0021
0018
0011
0'02"
0037

0'02..
0021
0'034
0036
0'031

107
110
104
111
12..

6-7

0'''1

0'15

0'81

0019 0'034

125

.. .. .. . ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..

0'..1
0'''1

0'30
0'27

..

....
..
..

0'33
0']2
0'29

.. .... ..
.... .. ....

..
..
..

0'30
0'35
0'30
0'17
0'1.

021

.... .... ....

... .... ....
.. .. ..

..
..
..
..

0'''1
0'''1
0'..1
0'''1
0'..1

..
....

Mo

...... ...... ...... ...... ..... ...... ...... ......

.... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....
.... .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......
.... .. .. .. .. .. .. .
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0040

.. .. ..
.. .. ..

..
..

B.E.A.
B.E.A.
B.E.A.
B.O.H.

Mn

065 0048 0031 0'27

063 0035 0'019

0'30
0'25
0'23
033
03B

. ..

.... ....

035

116 026
0'83 0'25

Section
Size
di..

Heat Treacmenc

(in.)

1
1
2

..
.. t

..

..

0'5%
0'05%
0'1% G-2%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(o-OSR p) (0'1Rpl (0'2R p ) (0'5R p)

..
..
...
2

2st
lB
17t
16t

OQ.842 T.S38
T.593
T.64B
OQ.842 T.538
T.593
T.64B
OQ.842 T.538
T.593
T.648
00.842 T.538
T.593
T.64B

..2..
66'3
66'1
62'8
52'"
76'6
703
60'9
69'6
62'6
59'2
62..
569
54'2
57'0
52'1
50'2

OQ.850 T.610
00.850 T.600
OQ.850 T.600
T.650
T.700
T.650

540
68'0
70-0
550
51-2
52'3

660

21
18
17
23
25
lB

..
..
..

...

..
..

..

f
Ii
H

....

2i
1

2i
2f
1
1f
2
1f
2

,.

2i

EI
(%)
(A)

270
+4'0
..2'"
..1'0
30'0
71-9
60-3
57'5
640
60'3
54'6
51-7
..59
..39
+4...
38'B
373

Ann.815
N.871

..
..
..

..

T.S.
(R m

Tons/sq.in.

..

Y.P.
(Rs )

..

....

OQ.850
OQ.860
00.860
OQ.850
OQ.860

T.680 AC
T.670 AC
T.680 AC
T.630 AC
T.650 AC

. .. ..

.. .. ..
.. .. ..

OQ.860 T.650 AC

N.875 OQ.B50 T.600

OQ.850 T.620

!
I
,
I
\

I
iI

510
..3'0
42'0
560
..50
460
53'0
50'0
..9'0
633
51-6

7..
7"'5
62'B
59'6
61-0
600
550
5..0
640
570
580
620
60'0
580
n'l

60.

1st
18
20
1st
191
21
17t
21+
23
19
21 t
23

n
2"

21
21
23

23

17 t
21

R.A.
(%)

Izod
fc. lb.

Ref

(Z)

57
48
..7
48
57t
55 t
591
62!
57
62!
65
60
65
66
60t
62
65

040
21 t
16t

sst

58
59
..2
71
83
61

62t
6H
6H
59t
59 t
6H
69
66
6H
55
59

..
..

..
..

13

29
..3
66
13
54
70
84
66
84
91
37
82
86

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

-3
9

....
...

...

t"\

til

::r

a
3

c:'

i:~
~

c:

...

V\
til

!!..

..

10

7B
79
73
61
72
7S
83
80

.....
..

..
..
..

92

33
46

""g
.,

8
11

IN

Ol)

rn
~

-.0

m
:::I

-0

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)

Process of

Manufacture

ASTM
Grain

Size

Si

Mn

Ni

C,'

Mo

Section
Size
dia.

Heat Treatment

(in.)

..

.....
...
....

0'41

A.O.H.

....
.....
..

..
..
....
..

6-8

..
....
...

0'41

..
..
.....
....
..
..
..
...
..

0'26

0'20

.. .
... . ..
.. .. ..

....
....
..

0'30

0'67

....
..
....
....
0'85 0'024 0031 0'12
.... .... . ....
..
.... ... .... ....
.. .. .. ..

1'15

026

..
..
.....
..
..
..

......

...

....
..
.. ..
. ..

101

0'24

....
..
..

1i

H
4
5

..
..
....

0'53

O'OS% 0'1%.
0'2% 0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p ) (O'lR p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

..
..

OQ.850 T.575 AC
T.600 ..
T.625 ..
T.650 ..
T.600 .. (M)
T.625 .. (M)
T.650 .. (M)
T.650 .. (M)
T.650 .. (M)

.....
...
..

....

OQ.842 T.204
T.315
T.426
T.538
T.648
T.704

..
..

..

Y.P.

( Rs)

CD

I
I

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

T.S.
(R m )

EI
(%)
(A)

73'2
70'4
65'2
61-6
67'2
62'8
56'6
55'2
51'8

20
20
21
21t
19i
21t
2H
24t
24

56
57
6H
65
58
60t
65
6H
56

11
12
14
17
21
24

42
46
50

(RA)
(%)

t-J

ft. lb.

Ized

Ref.

51
65
71
80
55
63
78
68
61

15

11
7
21
48
83
108

14

(Z)

Tons/sq.;n
67'0
65'6
60'0
56'0
57'6
52'8
46'0
440
400

67'0
66'0
60'0
56'0
58'8
53'0
46'0
440
400

67'0
66'0
60'0
56'0
58'8
53'0
460
440
400
112'5
101'8
77'7
68'3
509
44'6

128'6
111-6
93'7
74'5
58'0
520

54

60
65

....
..
....
....
..
..
...
..
..

-B.E.A.
B.O.H.
B.O.H.

6
6

B.O.H.

..

....
...
..
...

B.E.A

....
..

..
.,
..

..

.....

5-1

....
.
...
..
....
.

6-7

0'42
0'42
0'42
0'42
0'42

0'42
0'42

0'26
0'16
0'15

0'67
1'11
0'67
040 1'04
0'64 0'013 0'030
1'03
106
0'69 0034 0033
073 0035 0039
1'12

0'29
0'37
0'26
0'33
0'34

2t
4 sq.
1
t

0'16
0'23

0'80 0'038 0'035

0'90

034
0'22

2i

.. .. .. .. ..

....
....

..
....
.. ...
... ....

0'42

..
...

0'25

...
.
..
.. ....
..

...
....
......

0'62

..
...
..
..

..
.. .... ....
..

.....
....
....
..
....
......
..
..

....
..
.....
....
..
...

.. ..

1'14
1'02

....
...
..
..
......
..
..
..
..
..

0'009 0015 0'16

....
..
..

"

..
......
..
..
..
..
"
..
..
..

1'33

....
......
.

0'26

.
.."..
... ......
.
"

..t

3i

..
....

..
..
....
.
....
.

OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.850

T.600
T.700
T.660 AC
T.660 AC
T.650 AC
T.660AC
OQ.850 T.650 AC
OQ.850 T.640

..

....
....
..
..

OQ.850 T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650

..
......
...
....

51'8
41'3
52'0
500
46'5
46'0
500
47'0

61'4
53'4
610
60'0
58'0
570
600
59'0

19 t
24t
22
25
21
22
21
21

6H
65
59i
61t
59i
57

60
81
86
70
90
86
78
85

86'4
77'4
67'4
59'8
67'8
628
570
45'6
85'8
73'2
63'4
56'5
58'8
59'6
46'4
40'8

88'6
82'5
74'2
67'8

lH
17
19i
21
15
17 t
18
21
lH
16
19
21
19
19i
20
23

4H
51
56
60t
45
49
52
59
42
48
5H
56
47t
48t
55
57

23
37
56
67
11
14
19
58
23
38
55
69
16
18
35
46

n'4

67-4
63'2
56'2
87'8
77'8
700
63'6
67-4
66'1
58'6
54'5

..

....
....

10

..5

..
..
....
....
....

....
....
..
..

.."

1if
...

.~

(D

CD
~

VI

8'
::s

a-

m
::s

...
g

C;;

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process of

Manufacture

Tensile
Section

ASTM

Grain
Size

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Treatment

dia.

(in.)

....
...
..
..
..
.....
....
..
....
..
..
..
8

..

..
....
..

....
.....

on

..

0..2

....

..
..
....
..

..

..
.....
..

..
....

.....

..
..
..
..
....
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
.....

..
..
..
...

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

1'01

..
....
..
....

.....

0'20

..
..

..
..

......
..
..
..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ...
.... ..
.. ..
.... ..
.. ....

..
..
..
11
.....
..
2 t
....
....
..
..
..
..
..

T.P.S.

... (C)
(0)
(C)
(0)
(C)
(0)

..

0'05%
0'1% 0.2%
0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05Rp ) (O'IR p) (0'2Rp> (0'5R p)

Heat

Size

..

..

..
....

......
..
..
..
..
..
....

51-2
52'2
$<4'0
1177
1067
948
89'2
829
n'7
62'8
600
<468
760
59..
..9'1
<48'"
<468

..
..
....

OQ
..

..
..
..
..

..
..

OQ

AC
FC
OQ
OQ

.......

.. .
T.600 .
.. .. ..
.... T.650
.. ....
...

T.S.
(R m )

Tons/sq.in.

N.8<40

OQ.830 T.6S0
T.200
T.300
T.<400
T.450
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.700
OQ.830 T.550
T.600
T.6S0
T.6S0
T.6S0
T.700
OQ.830 T.550

Y.P.
(R.)

57'7
5..3
533
50,"
39,8
....0

65'5
63'2
59'2
127'6
115'8
98'"
900
86'1
76'2
67'5
56'"
50-8
78'"
658
565
517
563
..9..
6<46
6<46
58'8
59'2
57..
52'3

EI
(%)
(A)

17 t
17 t
2<4
3
13
13t
Ht
16t
18
21t
2S

28
17
23
2S

23t
2"
26t
19
19i
21t
20 t
25
23t

R.A.
(%)

Izod
It. lb.

ReI.

(Z)

"2
50
6<4
12
39
47
52
57

59

66

70
68
57
66

68
66

68
70
55
57
57

62
66
66

7..
21
19
11
35

....

51
'M
102
114
<46
H
97

86
83
95
35
30
55
69
81
86

..2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....

....

..
..

..
....
...
..
..
..
..

--- -0..3
0'..3
0'..3

0'27

0'..3
0'..3

0'20

..

B.O.H.

7-8

..
..
....
..
..
..

on

0'71

082 0031 0029 021

0,"

..

..
..
..
..
..
..

113
097
132

032
0'20
0'25

6
T.P.5.

187
114

0'11
0'35

1""

.. ..

.. ..
.... ..
..

.. ..
.. ..

.. ..
.. ..

..

Ii

..
....

Ii

...

2t

..

OQ'850 T.6<40
OQ.830 T.200
OQ.870 T.550
T.S80
N.875 OQ.8S0 T.600
OQ.850 T.550
T.600
T.6S0
T.700
QQ.850 T.550
T.600
T.6S0
T.700

<47'1
116,8

..

.....
....
..

62'8
$<4...

n..

69'0
61'S
51'S
67,0
56'"
510
436

580
12..6
798
708
63'6
83-5
739
68'7
60..
145
",0
62'2
56'1

11

2t

16t
19t
20t
16
19
21
2H
17 t
19
21
24

60

at

6<4t
52
59
62

"

52
59
6<4
66

56
21
35
58
63
35
$<4
69
81
11
61

80

.,

no

...

::J

C"'\

::s-

~
::J
c:

...

V\

no

!!..

3
2
5

..

8
2

..
..
..
..
.....

CO

m
:s

....

rn
~

--0

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(X)

(continued)
Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Process of

Manufacture

Section

ASTM
Grain

Size

Si

B.O.H.

0.45
0'45
0'45

..
..
..
.
.

Ni

..

.
..
.
.
.
.

..
..

0.23

0'64

0'18

0.75
0'80
0.74

..
..
.
..
..

Cr

1'14

0'66

..
.
..
..
.
..

..

..
.
..
..
.

0..41

0'44

Mn

0'020 0'040

dia.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

'C

.
,.
.
.
..
..
.

4 sq. (C)

1-6Hex

02S

.
.
.
.
.
..
.

0'33

..

1'05
1.33
1.07

0.20
0.35
0'21

6
1t
1

126

0'22

Size

Mo

.
..
..
..
..

.
.
.
..
.

(0)
(C)
(0)
(C)
(0)
(C)
(0)

..

2t
3 t
4 sq (C)
.. (0)

O.OS%
0.1% 0.2% O.S% Y.P.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S. (I\.)
(O.OSRpl (O.lR p) (0.2R p) (O.Sl\.p)
s

T.S.
(R m)

EI
(%)

.
T.600
..
T.650
.
T.70!'
..

60'4
63'4
52'0
52'9
47'7
49'9
42'0
45'9

68'0
71'0
61'2
63'8
57'6
60'2
51'4
54'7

16
18
20
21
20
21
24
25

OQ.850 T.620
T.66O

64'0
43'6

72'0
56'4

20
22

OQ.840 T.6SO
OQ.860 T.660 AC
OQ.830 R.650 2hr AC
T.6SO ..
.. 7hr
T.650 3hr
T.650 3hr

40'3
52'0
61'5
517
49'2
48'3
47'6
47'2

$4'6
63'0
67'1
60'6
56'0
56'6
57'8
57'4

23
19
21
21
23
22
21
22

..

.
.
..
.
.
..

..
..
..
..
..

.
.
..
.

. . ..

Izod
t. lb.

Ref.

(Z)

(Al

Tons/sq.in.

OQ.850 T.550

R.A.
(%)

42
52
55
59
55
59

31
21
62
58
72
66
82
76

64
66

54
61

55
59
62
66

62
52
59

51
86
63
72
64
75
84
83
44

.
..
..
.
.
.
..

..

--

..

-9
10

.
.
.
..
.
..

"tJ

.g
til

~
(D'

'"

o
.....
...
::r
til

.,

Cl!'
~

iii'
::r
~

:}

ct

",
~

['"
'"

En 19
385

1 per cent Chromium-Molybdenum Steel

EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Typical curve for 1" dia bars Oil Quenched from 840C.

(Ref. 3)

110

t-----t-:::O"".,J---t---l---+--+---1

qO

..;

80

.i
.;

70

""

~
.::.

bo

.~

.x

so

,
40

30

t-----t---t---+---I---Ir----J----1

20

t---t--+--11---+-I--.J---4!..",----I

10

L::=t=:~~~::L--l_.J

100

X>O

200

Temperinq

tomperature

Flc. 19.11

c.

bOO

700

En 19
Properties of the 8ritish Standard En steels

386

EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE (Ref. 3)

80

I,od.

"-

70

Oil Quench, 840C Temper. 600'C

bo

:e

SO

...~

.5

Roduction

~ ~ r---....::

-----

l,ed.

80

."'

bo

"-

fII

50

~.'ron9"'.

"~

J:.
.~

---

ReclJction of area

70

40

<i-

1",._".
~of

'~
- .

..,1

Elonaation
20

10

Diameter

of

bar

in

Fic. 1912

-............

r.!..'r.

Oil Quench 84O"C Temper 650C

Elonqa!ion.
20

2
Diameler of

bor (in)

Fic. 19.13

"

::---

30

30

10

oof stron.

r---:~P~
oo~

on

'f>
Oi9<

40

Jf

of orea

Tensile \tren th.

.;:

--.. .......

"

En 19
387

1 per cent Chromium-Molybdenum Steel

EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)

Water Quench. 840C Temper. 650C

--- ,

100
Izod

(Ref. 3)

..........

80

70

bO

J:

.E

.if
~

- ---...

Re<iJction of area

..;

.::

~O

~Ijr.

Itrenq'h.
~% Prool

~ ~ '''..

[111"....

~o PrOof

40

l"'~
~~
Of

'OnaJify.

30

20

ElonqaIicn.

Di<inmr

a I bar (in)

Fie. 19...

En 19
Properties of the British Standard En steels

388

EFFECT OF COLD WORK ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Si

0'42 0'028

Mn

Ni

0'95 0'02 0016 0'14

Cr

Mo

1'07

0'22

t dla. bars Oil Quenched 870C T630"C

(Ref.16)
10

70

.~

'"
"
.......

bO

S50

1~~

110\'

~~.,&
ot~
~
"1_,4
~

40

o9l-

il

.
,I ,'o....lioool
L.III,I _ _

ao

bO

~Iion of area.

20

..!
c

I--o

40

IIaation.

20

10

Cold

WOI'k

Fic.

19.15

30

40

.....

En 19
1 per cent Chromium-Molybdenum Steel

389

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LO W TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)

Tensile
Section

Mn

Si

Ni

Cr

.. ..
.. .. ..
.. .. .. .... .... .... .... ....
..

0'31

0'80

0'36

0'23

1'1

0'60 0046 0037 0'11

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

0'25

Test 0'05% 0'1% 0'2% 0'5%

P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
Temp.
(0' 1Rp)(0'2R p ) (0'5R p )

RT
-18-4
OQ870T6002hr RT
-76
-196

..
..

1i

T.S.
(R m )

....

..

54
81
61'5
629
8-4'7

74

52'"
78'4

n'6

EI
(%)
A

..y'A

Tons/sq.in.

..

Y.P.
(R s )

Hand T

..
..

031

1''''

Size

dia.

Mo

510

789

23
22
2H
261

R.A.
(%)
50

19
20

Ref.

(Z)

70
..7
67
641
5H

..
....

17
3

----

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

Chemical Composition (%)
Proceu
01 Manufactur.

Si

Mn

Cr

Ni

Mo

Heat
Treatment

Y.P.

..

0'36

B.E.A.

0'..3

.. 0'25.. 088.. 0'004

.. 0015
.. 0'15.. 1'12.. 0'25..

B.E.A.

035

0'66 0'005 0'0,.. O'OS

102

022

Si

Mn

Cr

T.S.

Tons/sq.in.

..

OQ.830 T.645
T.5S0
OQ.SOO T.5S0

53'5
629
68'6

"3'5
54
59'5

Chemical Composition (%)

Chirpy Keyhole. Kg M/sq.cm

Tensile
EI
(%)
SO

R.A.
(%)

22
18
173

70
64
61

Test Temperature

+20
C

-20 -SO
C
C

---a0 -100 -1-40 -183 -253

C
C
C
C
C

17'5

176
13'8
lH

13'5
70S
8'4

""6
lH

16'3
13-7
109

Charpy Keyhole. It. lb.

Heat
Treatment

Mo

Test Temperature

RT -lSoC -o46C -730C

ReI.

:'=-:2~

0'80

0'9~

0'20

I OQ.8"3_T_.6_2_1---L1_"_0__-40

_ . _ . _ - ~ - -

Chemical Composition (%)

ASTM
Grain
Size

Si

Mn

Cr

Mo

Heat

Section

Treatment

(in.)

Size

8-9

0'..0

0'26

0'S9

0'026 0016

0'S9

0'20

8-9

0'..1

022

087

0-025

0'96

0'21

2t X t

0037

1_6_~_19

3_7_ _

OQ'S"S T'l77
T.20<4
T.316
T.427
T.538
T.649
OQ.8..5 T.l77
T.20<4
T.316
T."27
T'538
T.649

"--_..

Charpy V notch 80 % Max.

Energy Transition
Temperatur.

-73C
-51C
+100C
-16C
-62C
-90C
+27C
+3SOC
+6O"C
+ 16C
-1SoC
-<4O"C

Ref.

20

9'3
6'1
58

55
"'5
"'7

5'1
3-7
..6

1'9
27
2'"

Ref.

....

lS

En 19
Properties of the British Standard En steels

390

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

(conti nued)

Chemical Composition (%)

C

5i

Mn

Ni

036

023

0'60

0lH6

0037

0'11

Chemical Composition (%)

Cr Mo
1'14

0'31

5i

Mn

039

0'20

0'1'4

Ni

0009 0018 0'26

Cr

Mo

102

028

McQuaid Ehn grain size 8 (ASTM)

As Treated grain size 0001'
Curve A. H' dia bar OQ.8S0oC T.S90oC 2hr
Curve B. H'dia. bar OQ.8S0C T.S90C 2hr T.6S0oC 2hr AC

McQuaid Ehn grain size 7-6 (ASTM)

As Treated grain size 0001'
1!' dia bars
Oil Quenched 870C Tempered 600"C 2hr AC

(Ref. 3)
120

(Ref. 3)
100

"10

/'

Fibrous fracture

harpy 'Vi ootch

80

100

I----+---J----+----I-+----l

80
70

bO

...~
=i

....-'

50

40

1;:

~
w

30

20

10

-150

.-//

"U
C

40

7
/;
-100

bO

,2

20

-so
T .".ralure

Fi,. 19.16

"c.

+50

-zoo

-ISO

-100
TemperaTure

FiC' 19.17

-SO
0

+50

En 19
391

1 per cent Chromium-Molybdenum Steel

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

(continued)

Nominal Chemical Composition (%)

C

Mn

040

0'65

Cr

Mo

0'30

Tensile
Section

Size
dia.
(in.)

Curve A
Curve 8
Curve C
Curve D

Ii

..

Heat
Treatment

0'1% P.S. 0'2% P.S.

O'S% P.S. Y,P.

T.S.

Tons/sq.in.

OQ.850 T.590
OQ.8S0 T.650
OQ.8S0 T.590
OQ.850 T.650

56'6

570

41'6
37'2

42'3
37'4

57'9

43'5
37'8

48'4

65'0
54'3
S<4-3
49'8

EI (%) R.A.(%)

21
26
21
25

6q.
69
61
64

*
(Ref. 3)

150,...--------,--------r--------r-------..,..---------.
"('Yltollin&

fracture.

(harpy V notch.
oi

~a

."

.::.
~
>-

100

;;-e.

- - --

-................ -

'-

-:!
~
~

~
g

........

......

""

"

"'

,,
,,

50

>

e:

]
u

-200

-150

-100
Tcmpczroturcz

-50
of tut

FiJ. 19.18.

0(.

'(
50

::s

-0

-0
N

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)
Process of
Manufactur.

SI

Mn

Ni

Tensile

Cr

Mo

Treatment

(in.)

dia.

.. ... .. ... .... .... .... ...

0'36

023

..

...
.....

1'14

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

095

1'10

865

0'40

...
....
.....
......

0'11

..
..
....
....
..
..
....
....

.....
.....

0'43

0'046 0'037

0'75

0'40

B.E.A.

0'60

..

..

'

....

063

0010 0,013

0'14

1-32

OQ.870 lhr T.6OO 2hr AC

1t

....
..
....

....
..
..

....
...
.
..

Oil Quenched & Tempered

0'20

....

..

..

...

..

...
..
.

0'30

....
..

..

.
..
..
...

OQ.850 T.590

1t

...
.

...
..
..
..
...
..
....

I
I

RT
300
600

L.P.

0'05% 0'1% 02% 0'5%

P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
Y.P.
P.5.
(0'05R p)(0'1 Rp)(0'2R p )(0'5R p)

650

20
200
300
500
550

...
..
..

..
..
...
..

49
52'4
30
392 41-3 42'3 46'3
10
15'4 17'3
19'5 22'3
Loadine race 1 Ton/sq.in. min.

RT
100
200
300
400
500
600

400

Oil Quenched & Tempered

0'25

Test
Temp
C

I
T.5.

EI
(%)
4y'A 50

61'5
276

24
24
39

5!io
57
57
58
51
40
27
20
65'0
607
617
5405
424
3044

22
18
20
22
22
24
30
35
21
19
24
23
32
31

520
50'3
48'8
45'8
37'2
372
261
124
81
53
30

24
20
21
24
26
28
31
35
39

Tons/sq,in.

..
.. ... .. ... ....

...

0'31

.... .... .... .... .... .... ....

.... .. .... .... ... .... ....
.. .... .. ... .... .... ....
... ... .... .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .." .... .... ....
.. .... .... .. .. .. .

028

Hest

Section
Size

RT
100
200
300
400

500
600
700
800
'l00
1000

52
56'4 56'5 57'0 57'9
33
....8 47'1
49'3 52'0
33
45'1
42'5
47'5 50'6
27
360 39'8 427
46'1
16
27'1
30'1
33'3
37'6
6
15'9
19'1 22'6 26'6
Loadine rate 2 Tons/sq.in. min.

318
25'2
21'2
19'2
140
90

36'3
329
320
28'8
26'5
19'2

303
36'9
34'2
33'8
30'8
28'4
21'2

30'4
374
35'3
35'4
32'6
30'0
232

30'6
38'2
37'0
38'6
35'7
32'2
24'6

Loadine raCe 1 Ton/sq.in.min.

52'2

~'7

t
t

19
19
30

R.A.
(%)

67
65

Ref.

....

lHt

-52
50
50
50
42
29
15
8

..

56
54
56
64
70
79
88

21

Mt

60
61

82

84

56
56
51
49
65
78
87
79

t
t

....

lSt

t
t
t
t
85t

53
304

~.

......

..
....

If

..
..

--

til

..
..
..
....
..

92

1.,...

..
..
5

..
..
..
..

....
..
..

...::r
til

.,tv

;::;:
;;;.
::r

::J

.,~

Q.

ITl
::J

'"
;:;
til

C;;

En 19
393

1 per cent Chromium-Molybdenum Steel

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE
(continued)

Chemical Compolition (%)

C

Si

037 02<4

Mn

Cr

Mo

0'48

091

0'2<4

H', dla. bars Oil Quenched 840C Tempered 700C

(Ref, 22)

80

70

...... --._----.",

ReductiOn of oreo

f so

1e"~\\~ \~~'--

.Ii

<40

.......

.......

--~-

... '1';~/d

.........s!ctrl..

--- --- ---

30

'-

~
I--..

Eloniohon

.-

........

~V
~~

~ "-

20

f\.

10

100

200

300
Temperolln

FiC. 19.19

400
0

500

bOO

700

En 19
Properties

394

of the British Standard En steels

EFFECT OF COLD WORK ON STRESS RUPTURE PROPERTIES

Chemical Composition (%)

Mn

042 0028

095

Ni

002 0016 014

Cr

Mo

107

022

i in. dia. bars Oil Quenched 8700 C T.6300C

prior to cold work.

STRESS RUPTURE

(Ref. 16)

1200

800
400

31b C.-535 Ton.

[7

371 C

(,00

200
0

---

427't

100

bO

g-

140

44b TonI I Sq. in.

1&0
.--,..

SQ in

.J"

V--

---

357 Ton./Sq.in.

10--"'

et:

bO
40

'-.

20
bO

4&2't

2b& Ton. I Sq in.

538't

15 b Ton'l Sq in

40
&0
bO

, '0.,0(

So ..

5 &Ton

- r------

40

10

Cold work
( __ -

30

20
0'orcen'Qq.)

Siqnifi.. hoQt.d 01 427C

Fig. 19.20

fa< 100 hr. pria< to Iolt)

40

En 19
1 per cent Chromium.Molybdenum Steel

395

EFFECT OF COLD WORK ON CREEP PROPERTIES

Composition and treatment of steel tested is given on previous page

MINIMUM CREEP RATE

00

~--

00~
002

o
015

Do

0'3

02

~27't

//

H 6 TOI'I/Sq. in

H 7 TonI/Sq. in

010

--

371C

.........

Ij/

1/

- --

......--......

0
~82 C

26 8 Tonl/Sq in

538"(

15 6 Toro/sq. in.

------

'c

06
05

04
03

-------

~3OC

05

04
03
02

--

10

5 8

fonl/Sq.ln.

20

Cold work

V--

30

(Ptrctnlo9t).

.ilnif h.at.d at 427 C for 100 hr prior to ,es,)

Fil. 19.21

40

::I

FATIGUE PROPERTIES
Tensile

Chemical Composition 1%)

McQuaid
Ehn
Grain
Size

Section

0-42
0....

Si

0'20

Mn

on
0'53

Ni

0'15

Cr

101
099

Mo

020
0'36

Heat

Size
dia.

Treatment

(in.)

OQ.830 T.650 OQ
OQ.850 T.S80/6S0

0'1%
P.S.

Y.P.

T.S.

EI
R.A.
(%) (%)

Izod

Tons/sq.in.

607

5-4'0

Rotating
Bending
Plain Notched

S9'2
69'1

-0

Fatigue Limit (Tons/sq.in.)

2-4
20

6-4

7-4

31'0
31'0 18'0 (Kt2'0)
15'0 (Kt 3'3)

Reverse Direct
Stress

ReI.
w

'"

a-

Plain Notched
2
31'0 23-S (Kt1'5) 23
17'0 (Kt 2'0)
9'8 (Kt 3-3)

...

LIST OF REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.

Physical constants of some commercial steels at elevated temperatures. Butterworths, London, 1953.
Private correspondence with United Steel Companies Limited.
Private correspondence With English Steel Corporation Limited.
R.W. Powell and R. P. Tye, The effect of oil quenching and tempering on the Thermal conductivities and Electrical
resistivities of three Steels,}. Iron & Steel Inst., Vol. 184, Sept. 1956.
5. Private correspondence with Firth-Brown Limited.
6. Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of the B.S. En Series Steels. (Second edition). Prepared by the Metallurgy
General division ofthe British Iron and Steel Research Association; Iron and Steel Institute Special Report No. 56,
1956.
7. Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams United States Steel Corporation, 2nd printing 1957, Pittsburgh,
U.S.A.
8. Iron and Steel Institute Special Report No. 36. Symposium on the hardenability of steel. Organised by the technical
Advisory Committee of the Special and Alloy Steels Committee (Ministry of Supply) and the Iron and Steel Institute
1946.
9. British Standard 971, Commentary on British Standard Wrought Steels Ell Series, British Standards Institution, london,
1950.
10. Private correspondence with the Clyde Alloy Steel Co. Limited.
11. Private correspondence with Park Gate Iron and Steel Co. Limited.
12. Private correspondence with jessop-Saville Limited.
13. Private correspondence with Round Oak Steel Works Limited.
14. Modern steels and their properties, carbon and alloy steel bars, 6th Edition, 1961 Bethlehem Steel Co., U.S.A.
15. Private correspondence with Brown Bayley Steels Limited.
16. P. Shahinian, M.R. Achter, W.A. Pennington, The efrect of cold Work and temperature on the strength and structure
of steel. Transactions of the American Society for Metals. Vol. 53, pp. 817-836. 196117. C. j. Smithells, Metals Reference Book, 2nd Edition, Butterworths, London, 1955.
18. A. Pomp, A. Krisch and G. Haupt. The notched bar sensitivity of alloy steels at temperatures between +20 oC
and -253C.Mitteilungen aus dem Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut fiir Eisenforschung, Vol. 21, No. 15, pp. 219-230.1939.
19. H.V. Gillett. Impact resistance and tensile properties of metals at sub-atmospheric temperatures. Project 13 of
the joint ASME-ASTM Research Committee on the effect of temperature on the properties of metals, Proc. Am.
Soc. for Testing Materials, Vol. 41, 1941.
20. j. P. Sheehan and H. S. Schwartzbart. Impact properties of quenched and tempered alloy steels. Proc. Am.
Soc. for Testing Material, Vol. 56. pp. 483-517. 1956.
21. j. j. Kanter, Reducing creep in alloy steel bolting materials, Steel, Vol. 106, pp. 44-48. 72. Mar 'I, 1940,
22. War Office unpublished report.
23. Private correspondence with Imperial Chemical Industries Limited., Metals Division.

.g

."
tD

if
~

So
tD
co

:::!.
....

in'

:;,-

V\

8'
:::s

.,~

Q.

I'T1

:::s

....'"tD
tD

v;-

En 20

I PER CENT CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM STEEL

(HIGHER MOLYBDENUM)
SPECIFICATION

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)

En.20A
En. 20B

Si

Mn

0'20-0'30
0'35-0'15

0'10-035
0'10-0'35

010-0'70
010-070

0'050 max
0050 max

0050 max
0050 max

Cr
0,50-1,00
,,00-1,50

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Hardened & Tempered Condition

Limltin, rulin, .eccion. in.

Tensile stren,th, Ton./sq.in., min. (Rml
Yield strus, I Tons/sq.in. min. (Rsl
0'2% Proof stre.. 2 Ton./sq.in., min. (0'2R pl
Elon,ation, per cent.. min. (AI
Izad Impact value, ft-Ib, min.
Brinen hardn..s number 3

2 t
55

....

11
18
10
218/302

v
t

60
18
16
17
35
269/321

65
52
50
16
35
293/311

1. Not to be used u acceptance testl except by special arrancement between the purchaser and
manufacturer.
2. When specifically requested in the enquiry or order.
3. For information purposes only. Not contractual part of the specification.

RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
UNITED KINGDOM

AMERICA

En No.

B. S.

A.S.T.M.

20 B

1506-(,21
,"de B

A193 GrB7A

397

Mo
0,50-0,80
050-090

En 20
398

of the British Standard En steels

Properties

APPLICATION
A low alloy steel intended for use at temperatures up to 500C. It possesses good creep strength and excellent resistance
to embrittlement after long periods of exposure at elevated temperatures. En.20B has a higher molybdenum content than
En.19 and possesses higher hardenabillty and creep resistance. In the hardened and tempered condition tensile strengths of
the order of 60 Tons/sq.in can be obtained With good ductility and shock resistance. Uses: Bolts, studs, superheater
tubes, and other equipment for high pressure steam and chemical engineering plants. Gas turbine applications. En.20A Is
intended primarily for water hardening and En.20B for oil hardening.

WELDING
(see Introduction for key to symbols used in this table)
Weldin, Process

En No.

MA

IG

20A

208

Reproduced by kind permission of H.M.S.O.

MACHINABILITY
The machinability of this steel when hardened and tempered to 65 to 75 Tons/sq.in. is approximately 35 per cent of
that for mild steel (En 3) and In the softened condition approximately 50% of that for mild steel.

HOT WORKING HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES

Forging Rolling and Stamping
Annealing
Softening -subcritical annealing
Hardening
Tempering

1180 finish
850-900oc
650-720c
850-900oc
550-720c

above 8500 c
furnace cool
air cool
oil or Water quenched
air cool.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (d)
Chemical Composition (%)
C

5i

0'<40
0'35
0-<40

Mn

Cr

04
03
1'0
035
025
1'1
1-3
0'60
0'20
(within specification)

Heat Treatment
Mo

0'7
0'80
0'80

OQ.860 T.630

Specific Gravity
at 20"C
7'85
7'90
7'84
7-86

Ref.

2
3
4

SPECIFIC HEAT (c)

No data have been obtained. It is considered that values of specific heat will be very similar to those of En 19.
MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION (u)
I

Chemital Composition (%)

Heat Treament

5i

Mn

Cr

04
04
03
1'0
(within specification En 20A)
(within specifiracion En 208)

Mo

07

C
OQ.860 T.630

10' x Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion/de, C

20to
l00'C
12-3
119
12'7

20to
200'C
12'6
12'7

20to
300'C
13-2
13-3
135

.waC

20to

20to
SOOoC

137
13'8

""1
14'1
""2

2Oto
6QOC

20to
700C

Ref.

""4
1403

""6
145
14'7

1
4
4

En 20
1 per cent Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (Higher Molybdenum)

399

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (e)

SI

Mn

Cr

Mo

0..

0'3

()-4

1'0

07

Electrical Resistivity, microhm em

Hue
Trucmenc
C

20"C

l00C

OQ.860 T.630

228

27'6

Chemical Compolition (%)

200C

300C
527

500C

600C

700C

655

n5

98'8

Eaclmatecl val u..

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (k)

Chemical Composicion (%)

Thermal Conductivity, Cal/cm.

Heac Treacmenc

Si

Mn

Cr

Mo

0'"

0'3

0..

1'0

07

C
OQ.860 T.630

dec C
Rar.

l00C

200"C

300"C

400"C

SOO"C

600"C

700C

0'100

0'100

0'098

0'093

0086

0'078

0071

YOUNG'S MODULUS (E)

Chemical Composition (%)

Hut

Treatment

Si

..
..
0'35
....

0'25
025

0'"

02

03S

...
..
....
0..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..

03

Mn

Cr

0'59

....

1'10

0'57

0'35

..

1'1

..
..
1'3
..
....
....
1-0
..
..
..
....

0'80

..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
....

0'6

0'"

Vibutlon Method

...

..

Mo

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
....
..
..
..
..

08

0'7

Telc
Temperature

YounC'1 Modulul
Tonl/lq.in.

Stacie

R.T.
300
350
20
200
500
20
100
200
300
400
500
20
100
200
300
400
500
600

13,450
12,900
12,180

.. ..
.... ..
..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..

OQ.860 T.630

12,700
12,600
12,400
12,200
11,600
10.soo
8,100

Dynamic-

13,650
12,950
11,400
13,700
13,600
13,200
12,700
12,200
11,600

Rer.

..
..
5

..

..

..
..
3

..
..
..1
....

..
....

En 20
Properties of the British Standard En steels

400

TRANSFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS
ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION
Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

027

0'13

060

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'030

0'19

074

0'55

0022

Basic Electric Arc

McQuaid Ehn grain. size 5-6 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 8
(ASTM)
Bars hot rolled to fin. dia. rod. cold drawn to 0'144 in. dia.
With intermediate annealing at 600C. Ground to 0'119 in. dia.
rolled to tape 003 In x .... in.
Austenltizlng temperature 875C 30 min.
EN 20A

(Ref. 7)

900

~.

-- -

- -

I-

--

~- -~

--- I------ -

~-

~
700 t---

-- - ----

"" ....

--- --- I

bOO
~

;";

a.

E
~

500

I
\

400 M,.

/"

r-..... ...

po. .--::'
V

r--

./

..V

I--

I'-.r-

.... i--'"I-- ~ -::: -::(

f.-

'-,

--

----. r--.... ~ "',

~ ::::::.
~
i'.... I"--

i--'" I----

\
50

-:::::

L---"

10

~\

p- ..-:::::::::

~
~ I-

1--

- -- - -

------ - -

400

r-- -

I- -

('
1\

- -

10

20

I-

- -

40 I

I--

100

90

Transformation

1-'-

,.

JOO

200

100
I
SIC.

10

20

40 I

Hr.

Min.

Duration of isothermal

FiC.

1.20

trcatmont.

10

20 I
Doy.

En 20
1 per cent Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (Higher Molybdenum)

401

(continued)

ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION

Chemical Composition (%)

C

51

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

041

0'28

058

0036

0028

0'15

0'39

0'74

Acid Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size 5-6 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 7 -8 (ASTM)
Bars hot rolled to .' dia. Cold drawn to 0,144' dla wire
and 003 in. thick tape With intermediate annealing at
600C
Austenitlzing temperature 870C 30 min.
(Ref. 7)

EN 20B

~O0

80 0

--

- --

"
...

~- ~~-

>---

"

1'-- .....

so 0

40 0

J.-'

./

\
30 0

~ I-- - l- +--

1\"
0

10

,/'"

II

l- I--

so

.-

t::-

~~
~~
~

1-

l-

I-- I -

L...-"

1/ . . . .
\

1\

I-

I-

V- I--- I-- I V

---

~~ ~

I.-- I-- L- I---

--

bO 0

V-

I-~

C"
\
~ r--.~
........

Z
,!

I--

f-- ~-~I--V l.- V ~/::;:; I-~,/'"

/'

70 0

- -- - - -

f-- -

I - I- -

f--

'10

Transformation

100

20 0

10 ~
10

20

40 I

10

20

40 I
Hr.

Min

Duration of isothermal treatmcnt.

Fir. 20.2

10

20 I
Doy

En 20
402

Properties of the 8ritish Standard En steels

HARDENABILITY
END QUENCH HARDENABILITY
Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'27

0'13

0'60

0'022

0'030

0'19

074

0'55

Basic Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size S-6 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 8 (ASTM)
Bars end quenched from 875C

EN 20A

(Ref. 7)

700

'-

500

'"

JOO

100

"-.. r---

HI

Diltonce

from quenched end of bor (in)

Fi,. 20.3
Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

Mn

041

0'28

0'58

0'036

Ni

Cr

Mo

0028

0'15

1'39

0'74

Acid Open Hearth

McQuaid Ehn grain size S - 6 (ASTM)
As Quenched grain size 7 - 8 (ASTM)
Bars end quenched from 870C.

EN 20 B
qOO

700

(Ref. 7)

"'-

= 500

~o

:z:

I"--....

r----

400
300

'4

10

1'2

14

"b

Ia

Diltonce Irom qUlnched end 01 bor (in)

F1,. 20.4

20

--

22

En 20
403

1 per cent Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (Higher Molybdenum)

END QUENCH HARDENABILITY BAND

These bands have been constructed from the results obtained on several cuts of En 10.

(Ref. 4)
En20A
700

>
:>:

..

:( /V /:V/ v/V / / / r-,. I-"""--' ~

N ~V/ / / / / 1/ / 1/ / 1// / / 7 rr t7-: ~
""'-K. k 17/ / ~/V. V v/

bOO

500
400

"E 300
o
:>:

1o-....I:

1/

200

100

10

05

10

12

14

Ib

I 5
18

20

22

24

2b

28

X)

210 Inches.
32 5i.tunlhl.

Oi Itonco f,om qu Inchad ond of bor.

FiC. 10.5

(Ref. 4)
En 208
800
700
bOO

500

~ f-1//

V V/

1/ V

k k: V

--

400

300
200

1// 1/ V/ V/ 1/ / 1/ / ~ ~ I>"'K h ~ V / 1/ / IV / V/ V/ V/ v/
I'-'- f-L- l<:::- V
[L
10

05

10

12

Distance

14

Ib

21(o Inc he,

I 5

18

from quenchtd

FiC. 20.6

20
end

of

22
~('r.

24

2b

28

30

32

Sixt.. nth,

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Process of
Manufacture

..
...

.....O.H.

.....
......
......
..

..

....
..
..
....
..

....
....

...
....
....
...
.

ASTM
Grain
Size

....
....
..
....
..

0'23

...
..
..
.
.
..
....
...
...
..

Si

...

0'21

..
..
....
....
..
....
..
....

...
...
...
..
..
....
..
..
..
....

..
..
..
..

Mn

....
..

0'56

..

..
....
..
...

..
..

..
..
....
.....
..
....
..

..
..
..

..
..
..

....
.

Ni

....
..
...
....
..
..
......
...
....
..
..
..
..
.....
..
.
....

0'025

..

..
..
..

...
..

..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
.
..
....
..

0031

..
......
....
......

..
..
...

....
...
..

Mo

Cr

..
..
..
..
..

0'08

..
..
....
.....
..

..
..
..
..
..
.....
..
....
....
..

..
.....

..
..

....
..
..
..
....
..
..
.
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0'62

..
.....
..
...
...
......
..

..

051

II

Section
Size
dia.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

..
..... I
......
I

......
..
..

..
.....
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..

...
......

..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..

0'2% 0'5%
0'1%
P.S.
P.5.
P.S.
(O'IR p ) (0'2R p ) (0'5R p )

AC.875

AC.875 T.650 t hr

AC.875 T.650 1fhr

..

OQ.875

..
..
..
H
..
......

OQ.875

4*

OQ.875

1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4

......

..
..
..
..

..

..
..
..
..
..
....
..
....
..
....
....

..

..
..

....
..
..
..
..
..
..

....
....

..
...

....
..
..
..
..
..
....
..

T.l00 WQ
T.200
T.300
T.400
T.500
T.600
T.700
T.400
T.500
T.600
T.700

T.S.
(R m)

Tons/sq.in.

1
2
3
4

Y.P.
(R s )

....
......
..

T.l00 WQ
T.200
T.300
T.400
T.500
T.600
T.670

EI

(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

Izod
ft. lb.

Ref.

(Z)

375
35
27
23
21
36
35
31
29
28
35
H
32
30
28

50
48
+I
41
40
45
+I
41
40
40
45
+I
42
40
39

20
22
25
26
27
22t
23
25
26
27
23
23t
26
27
27

60
60
57
55
54
63
63
60
59
58
64
63
61
59
58

26
25
20
17
15
80
75
38
22
15
92
87
66
35
22

48
48
48
47
47
46
43
36

60
60
60
60
58
57
54
45

18
18
18
19
19
20
21
27

46
46
45
42
36
43
42
42
42
42
41
39
37

55
54
53
50
45
52
52
52
52
52
51
50
47

21
21
21
22
26
20
21
21
21
21
22
22t
25

58
57
60
61
61
62
63
67
63
63
63
64
67
60
61
61
62
62
62
63
63

22
22
22
10
12
21
50
92
11
7
8
16
35
7
9
8
7
6
6
9
13

..
....
..
8

...

..
....
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
....
....
..
..
....
..
..
....
..
..
....

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)

.-

Chemical Composition (%)

ProeHl of
Manufactur.

..
....

A.O.H.

..

....
..
..
..
.....
..
....
..
....

.....

..
..
..
....
..
..
....
..

ASTM
Grain
Size

..
..
..
..
....
....
..
..
....
.
..
....
..
..
....
..
..
....
..
....
....
..

(lo23

Si

....
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..

(lo21

..
..
..
..
..
..

Mn

....
..
..
...
..
..
....

(lo56

..
..

..
..

..

..
....
..
..
..
....

..

..
..
...
..
....
..

..
..
..
..
..
..

0'2-4
0'2-4

02-4
0'35

0'59
0'50

..
....
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..

0025

...
..
..

..

...

..
..
....
..
..
....
..
..

.
..

0031

..
....
....
..
....
....

..
..

......
....
....
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..

Ni

....
.
....

0'08

..

..
..

..
..
..

....
..
..
....
..
..

..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..

T.nlil.

Cr

..

0'62

..
....
..
....
..
..
...
..
..

.....
..
..
..

..
....
..
..
.
..

..
....
..
..

Mo

..
....
..
....

0'51

..
..
..

....
..
....
..

..

...

..
..

..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..

Section
Size
dia.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

*..
..
..
..

,...
..
..
..

..
..

...

..
...
..

..3
..

..
..
H
..
....
....
..

..

....

....
....

WQ.gr5

..

..
..
..

...

WQ.gr5

..
..
..

WQ.gr5

..

...

..
..

WQ.gr5

..
..
..
..

....
..

T.lOO WQ
T.500
T.600
T.700

..
....
..
..
....

T.l00 WQ
T.200
T.300
T.lOO
T.500
T.600
T.700
T.nO

..
....

T.lOO WQ
T.500
T.600
T.700

..

T.lOO WQ
T.500
T.600
T.700

....

..
....
..
..
..

T.l00 WQ
T.200
T.300
T.lOO
T.500
T.600
T.650

---8.E.A.

T.S.
(R m )

Tonljlq.in.

WQ.gr5

..
..

Y.P.
(R,)

0'1%
0'2%
0'5%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(O"R p ) (0'2R p) (0'5R p )

80
76
70
60
-45

n
n

101
gr
80
70
52

,..,..

71
70
68
65
60
-41
32
68
65
60
53
-42
62
61
58
52
-42
58
57
60
61
61
55
50
H

92
90
86

53'0
480

60'0
570

66
50
-46
76
73
69
61
50
70
68

66

61
50
68
68
68
67
67
6-4
57
51

EI

R.A.
(%)
(Z)

("Io~
(A

,..

51
S6
58
63

15
15
17

22t

-45
-46
-47
50
51
5-4
60
67
67
-49
5-4
57
6-4
69
!>of
5-4
57
62
69
57
57
57
57
57
58
60
6-4

12t
13

,..

15
16
17
18
26
30
15
15
17
20
26
17
17
18
21
26
18
18
18
18
19
20
21

22

Izod
ft. lb.

25
17
3-4
70
100
17
20
20
15
13
30
60
100

11
7
25
53
90
10
6
20
-45

85

10
15
15
10
5
13
35
70

R.f.

"i
.,

..

...

til

:::s
....

..
....

..

..
......
..
..

.....
....
......

..
..
..
..
....
..
..

..
..

-0022

0'0204

073
0'80

0'56
0'58

2t Xl t
2 xl!

WQ.880 T.630
OQ.860 T.620 AC

22
23

!I

6H
6l!

81
63

-4
9

.A.

V'I

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)

Tensile
Section

Process o(

Manufacture

....
.
....

....
...
..
..
..

..
..
..
.
..
....
..
..
..

..
..
....

..

0'27

...
..
..

..
...
..
..
....

..
..
.
..
..
..

..
....
..
..
...
....
....

Si

...
...

0'27

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
....
..
..
..
....
..
....
....
....
.
..
....
....
....
..

Mn

...
..

0'68

....
..
...

...
..
...
..
.
..
...

..
....
..
...
..
...

..
..

..
..
..
....

.....
..
...

Ni

...
..

0017 0'015

..
..

...
..
....
....
..
...
..
....
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
....
..
....

..
..
..
....
....
..
..
..
....
..
..
...
.
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..

....
....
....
....

0'21

..

..

...
.
.....
..
..
..
..
.
..
....

.....
...

Cr

....
.....
..
..
....
..
..
....

0'62

.....
..
...
....
.....
..
..
..

Size

dia.

He..
Treatment

(in.)

Mo

....
....
...
...
....
....
.
....
...
....
..
.
..
...

055

...
..
...

..
..
....
..
....
..

....!
..
..
.
H
...

..
....
..
..
..
..
H
..
.
..
..
...
..
....
..
....!
..
....
...

......
....

AC 880 lhr

(0)
(M)
(0)

(M)

(0)
(M)
(0)
(M)

Y.P.
(Rs )

T.S.
(R m)

Tons/sq.in.

..
..
.. ..
..
.. ..
....
.. ... ,
..
.. ..
. ..
..
.... ....
... ... !
..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
..
.. .. . ...
.. ..
...... .....
... ...
..... ...... ..... ....
.. .. .. .. .
... .... .. ... ....
.. .... .. .. ...
.. ... . .... ..
.. .. .. .. .
.. .... ... ....
..
... ... I
.. ......
.... ..
... .... I

AC.880 lhr

2t

0'05% 0'1% 0'2% 0'5%

P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p) (O'lR p ) (0'2Rp ) (0'5P p )
I

T.500 2hr AC
T.550
T.600
T.61S
T.650
T.700

T.500 2hr AC
T.550
T.600
T.625
T.650
T.700

EI
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

Izod
(t. lb. Ref.

(Z)

28'8
37-6
39'8
41'1
384

34'S
394
40'9
41'S
39'5

38'6
419
42'9
42'7
40-8

+40
45'0
45'7
+47
42'7
38'4
32'5

55'8
53'8
54'5
53'1
50'4
474
43-3

22
22
22t
22
23t
25
27t

54
56
57t
60
61
62
67

29'5
36'6
37'8
38'9

33'6
38'4
39'2
39'7

37'9
40'6
41'3
40'8

434
+46
+4'0
42'6

54'4
53'1
52'6
51'1

22t
21
23
23t

5st
57
59
59t

35'0
37'1

45'3
42'1

1St
27t

65
66

12
1S
34
39
78
94
111

9
22
27
48

85
91
111

AC.880 lhr T.500 2hr AC

T.600
T.650
T.700

358
38'0
36'1

37'8
38'9
36-3

40'9
40'1
364

+4'5
42'2
37'3
31'2

53'0
50'6
46'1
41'8

22
23t
1St
29

57
59
63
66

22
27
91
103

AC.880 lhr T.500 2hr AC

T.600
T.650
T.700

31'0
34'9

31-6
354

33'9
36'9

38'4
39'5
36'2
29-6

497
500
+4'8
408

23
24
26
30

54t
58
63t
63t

17
25
73
101

AC.880 lhr T.500 2hr AC

308
30'6
35'7
34'9

318
32'3
35'9
360

35'1
35'8
37'0
379

39'4
407
39'5
40,4
338
340
30'9
31'1

49'9
50'8
49'2
50'1
+47
452
42'1
42'7

21t
21
23
22t
26
26
28
2st

55

18
14
25
17
67
47

74'0
64'1
65'4
63-7
56'6
+4'6
40'0
35'8

8H
68'5
709
69,2
61'5
52'7
49'3
46'1

15
1st
19
20
21t
26
26
28

T.600

T.650

T.700

OQ.880 lhr T.400 2hr AC

T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.675
T.700

39'3
52'6
58'8
58'1
538
43'8

47'8
560
606
600
54'8
+40

57-2
59'6
628
61'9
55'7
+4'2

54

56
5H
62t
60t
66
65
52
59
59
61 t
66
71t
71

...
...
4

..
..
..
..
....
......

..
...
..
..

78

..
....
..
..
....
...

26
27
41
52
82
102
113
117

..
..
..
....
....

90

....

"'0

-g....

...ii'
'"

o
.......
So
til

'"...
no
til

iii

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Proce.. of
Manufacture

5i

Mn

Ni

TensUe

Cr

Section
Size
dia.

Mo

Treatmenr

(in.)
B.E.A.

0'27

0'27

0'68

0'017

0015

0'21

0'62

0'55

1*

....
..
..

OQ.880 lhr

..
..
..
..
..
....
..
H

005% 0'1% 0'2% 0'5% Y.P. T.5.

(Rs ) (R m )
P.S.
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
(0'05R p ) (O'lR p ) (0'2R p) (0'5R p )

Heat

..
....
..
..
..
..

T.loo 2hr AC
T.2oo
T.3oo
T.~

~3-5

~7'8

~'1

~'3

~'8

~'5

529
510
507

~'7

~7'7

~9'0

53'6
507

~3'1

~3'~

38'7

~3'8

~'8

69'0
68'7
67'9
66'3
66'1
62'1
61-7
585
52'9

39'~

..

T.5oo
T.550
T.6OO
T.625
T.650
T.675
T.7oo
T.no

T.~

T.5oo
T.550
T.6oo
T.650
T.675
T.7oo

OQ'880 lhr

..
..

..
..
..

..

T.~

T.5oo
T.550
T.6OO
T.650
T.675
T.7oo

..
..

..
..
..
..
....

..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..

2hr AC

..
..
..
..
..

2hr AC

..

~1-7

~9'2

~1'9

~9'0

~3'1

~9'9

~3'0

~9'1

399

58'9
576
58'2
569
589
~'5

~'6

~9'9

2~

~'8

26
29
29

~'1

~7'5

59'6

~5'0
~'1

39'5

~O

~9'9

58'~

39'~

~1'6

~'7

~'8

~2'1

~3'5

~5'5

~'6

~1'6

~2'9

~'5

~'5

57'6
57'3
55'2

36'8

39'0
37'0
33'0

38'2

16
16
16
16
17
1st
20
II
25

38'7
34'3
33'5
305
36'1

3~'7

33'3
380

38'0

~3'5

~1'5

~o

50'0
51'S

~1'0

~3'~

~o

~9'0

~3'1

~'6

~'9

~9'5

~3'0

~O

~5'5

~7'5

38'1

388
350
330

R.A.
(%)

Izod

ft. lb.

Ref.
-0

.,111

(Z)

35'8
35'2
369
38'0

OQ'880 lhr

..

Tons/sq.in.

EI
(%)
(A)

~8'~

~7'3

439

60'~

59'6
'57'8
58'0
55'6
~'9
~6'1
~'1

...
111

55
55!
57
57
56
59
63
67
68t
70

14
13
16
9
15
2~

27
74
96
100
117
118
117

20
19
19
llt
II
26
25
28

7H
56
56t
57
59
60t
66t
67
7H

111

19t
19
20
21
23
25
27
28

57
sst
57i
56t
6H
63
69
69

11
10
23
20
35
103
111
115

10
14
23
27
31
96
1~

C""I

.,0

c'
3

~
0~

~
~

c:

...

VI

111

!!...

:I:

oq

.,111

-<
0-

Q.

111
~

c:

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process of
Manufacture

Tensile
Section
Size

51

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

..
......
..
....
..
..

B.E.A.

..

...
...

..

...

....
....

...
..
.
...
"

..
..
..
....
..

..

0'27

....
...
..

..
....
...

..
..

.....
..
....
..
..
.....

..

....
...
..

..
..

0'27

.....

..
....
"

..

..

.....

..
..
..
......
..
..
..
"

...
.
"

..
..

..
"

....

..

0'68

....

....
......
...
,

....
"

...

0'017

......
...
"

....
....
..
..
'

..
..
"
....

....
..
..

..

..

..

..

..
..
"

...
.....

0'015

..
..
..
"

.
..

..
..
..

..

....
..
...
..
..
..

"

"
"

..

..
..
..

"
"

"

"

..
..
"

..
..
"

"

..

"

..
..
..
"

..

..

..

....

....
....

..
....
....
....

0'21

....
..

..
....
..
..
..

..
....

.."

....

...
..
...
.....
..
.
"

.....
..

0'62

..

....
......
..
..
..
..

..

....
.....
.

..
...
......
..
..
..

....
..
..

......
...
...
..
..
..
...

0'55

..

....

...
..
....

....
......
....
..
...
..

Heat

Treatment

dia.

(in.)
6 (0)
(M)

....
..

....
.... .. .... ...
.
.
.. .... .. ... ..
.. .. .. ... ..
.
.... .. .. .... ....
.. ....
... . . ..... ....
.... .... . .... ...

(M)
(M)

(0)

(M)

(0)

(M)

.. (M)

.. (M)

.. (M)

..
..

..
..
....

..
..
..
..
..
....

...

2t

..
..

..

..

WQ.880 lhr

..
......
..

.....
.
....
..
...
....

WQ.880 lhr

..

..
.. ..

.. ...
...... ....

68'6
68'0
64'4
58'3
49'4

767
68'8
658
58'6
49'5

890
71'7
67'7
59'7
50'0
38'4

105'4
764
73'0
65'5
570
46'7

lH
15
19
II
23
28t

47i

60
65
69t
72t

36
47
57
79
95
110

.. ..
.. .
.. ..
....

58'2
67'3
65'1
566

661
680
65'7
57'1

75'1
69-3
66'9
57'8

873
72'3
695
59'1
47'4
42'1
37'3

102'6
77'0
7,....
64'5
55'0
50'7
46'8

l1t
16t
20
22
2H
27
2Si

42t
54
59
66
70
72
73

29
45
58
77
98
106
112

640
62'2
59'9
54'8
46'1

68'2
65'6
62'6
56'0
464

72'6
68'0
650
57'0
46'9

785
71-5
67'8
58'5
474
37'5

83.4
76'3
72.8
640
550
474

13
17
lSi
22
2H
lBt

47
51

17
36
49
79
99
117

T.5502hr AC
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.700

T.550 2hr AC
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.675 "
T.700 "

..
......
..

..
..

WQ.880 lhr T.400 2hr AC

T.550
T.550
"
T.600
"
" T.650
"
I
T.700
"

..

(Z)

610
673
64'0
58'3
49'3

T.650

32'4
30'0
35'7
348
39'8
38'3
41-6
40'8
42'2
40'6

36'1
34'3
38'6
37'8
41-3
40'4
425
424
42'8
418

375

T.700

.. (0)

Izod
ft. lb. Ref.

37'6

T.600

T.675

.. (0)

R.A.
%

575
58'0
57'2
57'4
56'1
56'3
560
56'7
55'3
55'4
48'0
48'7
46'0
46'3
437
43'3

T.550

"

(0)

EI
%
(A)

47'1
45'5
48'2
477
47'2
47'0
47'1
477
46'1
46'1
38'6
39'1
35'1
355
327
32'5

T.500

"

T.5.
(R m)

409
39'2
42'7
42'0
43'9
43'2
4403
44'6
44'2
436
37'6
38'0

T.4002hr AC

"

(0)

Y.P.
(R s )

Tons/sq.in.

OQ.880 lhr

(0)

..t

0'05% 0'1% 0'2% 0'5%

P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0.05R p) (O'lR p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

..

20 t
19t
19
18
21
19t
II
21
llt
21 t
26
25
26
26
28
29

6"

sst

56t
53t
60t
55 t
56
57
59
57i
64t
63t
67
67
68
68

sst

sst

65i
69
72t

8
11
12
13
H
16
71
20
25
28
99
76
107
107
113
106

..
....
..
..
..
..
...

....
...
...
...
.....
..
....
..
..
...
..
....
..
.
..

..

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)

..

B.E.A.

..
..
..

....

..
..
..
..

..
..
..

..
..
....
..
..
..

A.O.H.

....

Tensile
Section

Proess of
Manufacture

Si

..

0'17

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
....
..

..
..
"

..

..

0'17

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
..
..
..
..
..

0'28
0'28

023

..
..
..

0'21

..
0'28
..

..
..

....
..
..

..
..

Hn

..
....
..

0'68

..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
....
..
..
..
..

0'017

..
....

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0'015

0'61
0'54

..

..
..
..

0'58

..

....

Ni

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

0030

..
..

Ho

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0'61

..

0'68
058

0'53
0'63

..
..
..

050

0'11

0'02
0032

Cr

..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
083
..

Size
di.

(in.)

....
..
..
..

WQ.880 lhr T.1OO lhr AC

T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.700

..

0'55

..
..
..
..
.... 6
.. .. (H)
.. I
.. .. (H)
..
.. .. (H)
..
..
..
..
..
..

(0)

.. (0)

.. (0)

..
..
..
..

(0)
(M)
(0)
(M)
.. (0)
.. (M)

..

Ii

..

..
..

..
..
..
..

..
..

..
..

it

.. .. I
..

....
..
..
..

..
....
..
..

..
..
..
..

.. .. .. ..
.. .. T.500 ..
.... .. .. ..
.. .... T.550.. ..
.. .
..
.. .. T.600
.. ..
.. .. T.650 ..
...... ..... T.700.... .....

66'8
65'6
63'9
58'3
SO9
457

15
18
191
111
16
18

53
50i
65 i
59
69
71i

11
14
16
40
104
116

..

4)'6
39'7
50'3

46'4
4)'8
53'3

51'1
48'7
56'6

58'3
55'0
59'6

..
..

40'1
448
49'0
437

51'1
469
506
45'5
414
39'1

53'3
49'5
52'1
47'4
41'6
39'5

56'1
53'0
53'8
49'6
42'2
402
37'0
36'9

65'9
640
66'8
61-3
64'1
61'7
61'1
58'0
51'0
49'9
46'7
450

16
16
18
18
10
11
21i
21
25
15
28
27

57
49
51i
53
55
5H
61i
58
68i
66
70 !
69

10
7
11
15
25
21
52
32
104
94
111
93

23
19
11

63t

92
57
80

..
..
..

....
..

..
..
..
....

38'9

.. .. ..
.. .. ..

63'3
59'5
52'6

69'0
65'3
59'1

11
21
11i

560
59'8

650
67'0

21
11

47'0
SO'O
56'0
54'0

58'0
61'0
664
63'6

11
10
11
20

0'030

..
..

0'83

..

0'50

,.

B.E.A.

..

0'35
0'35

026
025

0'55
0'35

0025

0'026

0'75
1'10

O'SO
080

OQ.860 T.630 AC
OQ.870 T.650

..
..
..

0'36

..

039

0'54

..

0'027

Ii

OQ.860 T.640 AC
T.660
00.850 T.620

WQ.850 f hr T.600 i hr
Ii hr
H hr

..

0'36

..

0'027

..

..
..

1'09
1'24

..

0'47

..

0'84

1 !
1 f
4 i

..
..

..

..
..

..
..
....
......
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4
10

..
..

..
..

..

I,
I

..8

61
61i
65!

..

--- -- --

58
61i
67!
6H
66i

..
..

--- - - - -

..
..

..
..

IS!

Ref.

(Z)

S90
58'1
55'8
SO'8
41'1
35'1

.... .... ..
.. ..

0'032

Izod
ft. lb.

53-5
54'1
51-5
488
40'5

lli
11!
11i
23i

....
...

R.A%

38'1
50'5
49'5
46'8
40'0

58'0
688
589
69'6
65'2
61'5
584
560

0'58

8.E.A.

(A)

50'0
63'5
51'0
62'6
584
54'9
50'4
47'9

..

0.21

..

EI

WQ.880 T.630
WQ.900 T600
T.6S0
WQ.850 1 f hr T.600! hr
lihr
1 f hr T.600 i hr
"1 i hr
.. 3 ! hr

0'18

..

T.5.
(R m

4)'5
47'1
47'0
445
399

WQ.880 lhr T.1OO lhr AC

..

it

Y.P.

(Ra)

Tons/sq.in.

A.O.H.

..

0'05% 0'1% 0'1% 0'5%

P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05 Rp) (O"R p ) (O'lR p ; (0'5R p)

Heat
Treatment

61i
63t

60
85

9
1

591
61i

68
64
83
38

..
....

----- --

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Process of

Manufacture

B.E.A.
B.O.H.

...

B.E.A.

...
....
...
....
..
....
.

ASTM
Gnin
Size

....

5to6
6
5 to 7

B.E.A.

B.O.H.

.
.
..

7 to 8
6 to 7

Section

0'37
0'37

..

Si

Mn

0'20
0'17

..

B.O.H.

..
..

5 to 7
7 to 8

0'032
0'039

....

Ni

0'037
0'031

050
0'51

2t
Ii

1)4
1'06

065
076

2
1
1

OQ.860 T.610 AC
OQ.860 T.620 WQ
T.630 WQ
T.620 AC
N.900 OQ.875 T.650

65'0
52'0
-460
52'0
58'5
57'6

700
630
570
62'5
668
658

19
21
11
20
21t
19!

050
0'57
0'52
0'50
0'60

H
4

OQ.860
OQ.860

1"

OQ.850
OQ.860
OQ.B60

-18'0
67'0
53'0
55'0
55'0
53'0
49'0
51'0
52'0
58'8
52'0
55'0
55'0
46'0
$2'0
51'2
52'0
68'2
5-4'5
61'6
50'4

61'0

OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.850
OQ.860
OQ.860

25
17
21
19
11
11
11
20
21
24
23
21
19
23
11
11
11
17i
11

....

....

0'38
0'38
0'38
0'38
0'38

0'23
0'32
0'31
0'31
0'33

0'50
0'60
0'54
0'5-4
0'59

0'040
0'011
0'024
0'021

0'032
0'030
0'025
0'030

1'32
1'06
1'00
1'00
1'25

0'38
0'38

0'27
025

..

0'58
0'$6

0'036
0030

..

0'029
0'029

111
1-24

..

0'53
0'57

0'38
0'38
0'38

0'19
0'20
0'23

0'55
0'60
0'63

0'042
0043
0'032

0'037
0'028
0'027

1'00
1'00
1'17

05-4
053
0'51

.
..

...
...
...
.

..

...

.
..
..

...

0043
0'017

Mo

065
0'38

0'049
0012

0'28
0'24

..

..

...

..
..

..
..
..

0'43

0'11

....
..
..
..
....

..

..
..

0'39

0'23

066

0'046

0'035

116

052

0-39
0-39
0'39

...

0'15
025

0'54
0'67

"

0'5-4
1'17
0'62

....

00-18

0029

107

.
..
..

146
1'12

....

0'036

0'028

013

1t

105

0'15
0'24

..

..

0'58
0'51
0'52
0'50

0'39
0'39

H
H
2i

Ii

1'00
1'01

..
..

0'62

0'030
0'030
0'030
0'030

..
.

1'86 hex

116

0024
0'028
0'024
0'025

146
1'17
1....

..

..
..

0'60
0'50

..

..

0'60
0'53

..

on

..
..

.. .

,..

..
...

0'60
0'55
0'5-4
0'$2

.
.
..

0'71

0'23
0'26
0-33
0'34

.
..

dia.

1'37

0'39
0'39
0'39
0'39

.
.
..

T.S.
(R m )

(in.)
1'00
1-114

..
..

Y.P.

Size

Cr

0'27
0'16

0'38

...
....
.
...."
....
...
.

...

0'37
0'27

0'38

B.E.A.

0'58
0'59

0'2% 005%
0'05% 01%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p) (0'1 Rp) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

Heat
Treatment

11
f
1.

..

1f
1f

H
4

..

..
..
...
..

OQ.850

T.6<fO
OQ.850 T.650
T.700
T.650
T.700

..

...

OQ.860
OQ.B60
OQ.B60
OQ.B60

..

-If

OQ.B50
OQ.B60
OQ.850
OQ.B50

-If
H
Ii
f

OQ.B60
OQ.850
OQ.B60
OQ.B60

1"
1*
1*

AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC

.
.

T.E50
T.650
T.650
T.630
T.6<fO
T.660
T.650
T.600
T.630

..

AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC

T.620 AC
T.650
T.660 AC
T.620
T.6<fO

520
-18'0
46'0
50'0
46'0
470
46'0
6<f0
56'0
630
5-40
5-4'0
470

no

600
6<f0
630
630
605
62'0
600
652
61'5
630
660
570
672
65'0
62'0
73'2
598
689
58'8
620
59'0
580
580
58'0
58'0
57'0
74'5
65'8
705
62'5
65'0
59'0
670
69'0

Izod Ref.
ft. lb.

EI
(%)

RA
(%)

58
6H
66
6H
61t
60

46
68
78
76
65
68

66*
59!
6H
59!
59
61t
6H
5H
55
6H
6H
57
59!
66

79

(A)

Tons/sq.in.

..

T.650
T.620
T.650
T.600
T.660
T.650
T.630
T.6<fO
T.650
T.650
T.6<fO
T.650
T.630
T.650
T.650

(Rs)

(Z)

--- --

lSi

21

23
23
23
11
21
21
24
19
11
18
11
23
11
21
19

--- -61t
61i
6H
5H
55
61t
61t
51
61i
59!
61 *
57
61i

74
73
71
62
33
68
SO
42
6<f
43
68
60
88
66
59

4
9

..
...
....

<to

74
45
71
65
66
25
61
62
75
65
58
76
73
78
82
49
66
54
74

...
......

...
..
....
.
...
......
3

10

.....
9

..
..
..

4
9

...

4
9
10

..

.o.....

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)

"Process of
Manufacture

5i

Hn

Ni

Cr

Ho

5ize
di.

..
..
..
..
..

B.E.A.

..
..

..
..
..
..

"

..

"

"

..

0'39

....
..
..
..
..

....

..

..
..
..

..

..

"

"

..

..

..
"

"

.."

..

"

-0

..
..

..
..
..

..

..

..

..
..
"

...

..
..

..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..

..

..

..
..

0'29

0'58

..

..
..
..

..
....

..
..
....
..

..
..
..
..
..

....
....
..
....

..
..
..

..

..
..
..
..

..
..
..

..

....

..
..
..
..

0010

..

..

..

....
..
..
..

..
..

....
..

..
..
..
..

..
..
..

..
"

..
....
..
..
..
....
..
"

..
..
..
..

..
"

..
"

...
..

....
......

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0'019

....

..
..
..
..
..
..

..

..

....
......
..

..

......

..
....
..

.....

..

..
..

..
..
..

..
..

..
..

026

..
....

..
..
..
..
..

..

..
..

....
..
..
..
..
....
....

...

.."
..

..
..
..
..
....

..
..
..
..
..
..
....

1'35

..
....

..
..
..
..
.."
..
..
"

..
"

..
..
..
..

..

..

....
..
..

..
..

..

0'60

....

..
..
..
..
..

...
..

..
..
..
..

..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.."

....
..

....
..
..

....

..
t

..
..
..

0'2%
0'5%
0'05% 0'1%
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
(0'05 Rp ) (0'1 R p ) (O'2R p ) (O'5R p )

Treatment

(in.)

..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..

T.500 2hr AC
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.700

.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ....
..

T.500 2hr AC
T.550
T.600
T.650
o
T.700

AC.880 lhr

..7 ..
59'0
59'2
5"'5
..58

56'6
62'8
6-4'1
559
-46'2

67'6
67'9
68'5
57'9
..7'2
-400

.. ..
.. ....
..

36'5
533
51'6
..9'7
433

..38
56'7
555
51-7
'0

51'9
60'2
58'8
535
7

.. ..
.. ..
.. ..

-48'6
..9'1
..22
367

525
51-7
..27
367

-46'5

-48'"

..2 ..

50'6
50'9
..32

..75
..55
50'1
..9'0
..2'5
..1'8

51-2
502
525
51'6
..27
..25

91-0
81-7
763
6-43
548
498

96'1
83'1
782
65'6
556
506

..
..
..
..

..
....
..

AC.880 lhr

..
..
..

AC.asO 1hr T.500 2hr AC

T.600
T.650
T.700

..

AC.880 lhr T.500 2hr AC

" T.600
T.650
T.700
AC.880 lhr T.500 2hr AC

..
..

of!
"

of!

6 (0)
"(H)
"(0)

"(H)
"(0)

"(H)
"(0)

"(H)

..i
..
..

....

..

..
..
..

..
..

..

..

.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
..
.. " .. .... ....
.... .." T.600
..
..
.. .. T.650 .. ..
.. " " .. ..
.. .. T.700 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
..

"

.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..

..
.. ..
.. ..

..

OQ.880 lhr TAOO 2hr AC

T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.675
T.700

.. ..

.. ..
.. ..
.. ..

Y.P.

(Rs

T.5.

) (R m )

Tons/sq.in.
38'7
562
58'8
53'2
45'6

..
..
..

Ii

Tensile

Heat

Section

Chemical Composition (%)

R.A.
(%)

E
(%)
(A)

Izod
ft.lb.

Ref.

(Z)

11
12
17
25
85
98

...

75'7
67'8
59'1
53'1

1-4
16
19
20t
2H
26 !

39t
..1
52
59t
65!
70

62'5
6-4'8
627
55'6
..5'9
393

787
75'1
730
659
57'9
53'1

15
18
19
20
2H
25

..2
52

56'6
5"'2
..3'2
368

62'"
568
3
37..

678
568
510

no

17 !
19
22
24

-46
50
59t
6H

550
53'3
'0
35--4
55'5
5..8
550
5-4'2
..3'1
..30
35-6

60'1
56'1
..5'2
36'"
60'6
60'1
580
57'3
'2
..3'6
36'2
36'0

71--4
67'5
68'0
56'5
56-8
50'7
50'3

15
18
20 !
27
15
15
19
18
2H
22
25!
26

38 !
..9t
551
6H
.. 1
38 !
5H
-46
6H
57
6H
6H

10
12
21
33
8
11
16
10
28
25
36

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

85'9
80'6
67'3
567
51'5
....9

90'0
839
69..
58'1
525
..58

131'5
957
88'5
75'7
66'3
61'"
55..

1-4
16
19
2H
2H
27

29
42

12
16
26
49
69
83
95

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

8-4'"
n'7

71'2
67'6
57'2
50'3
71'1

9!

Sof!

61
6H
69

..] !

Sa!

63
6H
69

..
..
..

..

.. ....
..
..
..
..

12
13
25
70
89

10
12
34

50

..
..
..

l~

::s

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)

Chemical Composition (%)

Process of
Manufacture

..

8.E.A.

.....
....
...
....
..

....
..

....
..
....
....
...
....
...
...
....
....
..
..

....
...
...

....
....
..
.....
.
..
..
....
.....

039

5i

....
....
..
....
..
....
...
....

0'29

....
..

....

....
....
.

..
....
...

..
...
..
...
..

0'58

..

...
...
..
...
....
......

....
...

.
....

Mn

...
...
.....
....
....
...
..

.
..
.....
.

..

0'010

..
...

....
....
..
...
...
..

...

..
..
...
..
...
..

...
..
..
...

..
..

..
....
....

...
....
..
.....
..

0'019

.
....
......
...

..
..
....
......
..

..
....
......
..
..
..
.
..
....

Tensile

Ni

...
..

0'26

....
...
..
....
..
.....
.

...
.....

......
..
..
...
..
..
.....
..

...
...

C,

......

Mo

..
..
..

1'35

060

..
..
..

..
....
..

...
...
....
...
..
....
....
...
..
..

...
..

..
..

....
..
....

....
......
..
..
..

..
..

..
..

.....
..

..
..
..

..

..
....

..

..
.....
....

..
..

..
..

....
...
.

Section
Size
dia.

Treatment

0'05% 0'1% 0'2% 05% Y.P. T.5.

(Rs ) (R m )
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
P.5.
(O'OSR p) (O'lR p) (0'2R p ) (0'5R p)

(in.)

DC

Tons/sq.in.

..
..
..
..
....
..
....
..

..
..
...
..

2i

..
.....
.
....
..

Heat

..
....
....
..
....
...

..
....
...
......
..

....
....
..
...
....

..

..
.....
.

..
.
...
....

..
...
..
..

..
..

..
....
..
...
..

....
....
..
..
..

..
..
..
...
..
.
....
......
..
..

..
..

OQ.880 lhr T.200 2hr AC

T.300
T.-400
,.
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.625
T.650
T.675
T.700
T.nO

..
....
..
...
..
..
..

OQ.880 lhr T.-400 2hr AC

T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.675
T.700

....
. .
.. ..
.. ..

OQ.880 lhr T.300 2 hr AC

T.-400
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.675
T.700

.. ..
..... ....
. ...

6 (0) OQ.880 1 hr
.. (M)
.. (0)

.. (M)

.. (0)

.. (M)

.. (0)

.. (M)

.. (0)

.. (M)

.. (0)

.. (M)
.. (0)

.. (M)
.. (e)
.. (M)

.. .. .... ....
.... . ..
.. . .. ....
... .. .... ...
.. .
..
.... . ... ...
. .. .. ....
..
.. . . . ..

T.400 2hrAC
T.500

It.

T.550

T.600

T.650
T.675

T.700

810
93'1
89'9
83'1
765
62'6

89'9
97'1
92'8
8-4'9
78'6
6-4'1

!;TO

!;T'8

5-45
-49'2

55'0
-49'7

698
69'7
70'7
62-4
-485
45-4

7-4'8

5203
60'4
68'5
606
460
4-4'2
-40'0

61'1
65'8
6-4'1
64'2
60'0
46'7
-45'0
-40.-4

-475
-43'2
61'2
5403
665
59'2
6203
-48'0
59'9
55'0
-47'5
4-49

55'1
51-3
65'5
61'2
68'9
64'6
6-4'7
62-4
609
58'3
47'6
-46'0

-439
-42'0

4-4'6
42'2

!;T7

n'2
n'5

63'5
-48'8
-45'5

93'3
102'6
97'0
879
80'9
658
589
558
503

1127
1030
903
83-5
677
60-4
570
513
-483
-428

EI

(%)

(A)

R.A.

(%)
(Z)

Izod
ft. lb.

129'3
1215
109'7
958
887
7042
682
657
608
55'9
538

13
12
11
104
Ht
18t
21t
23
23
2st
27

38i
-42i
36t
-40t
38
58
63t
66
65
68t
69

18
10
7
104
23
58
69
77
85
95
96

-48
-48t
53
59
66
68
68

1-4
19
19
-42
83
86
98

799
7-49
7-4'7
6-4'6
492
46'0

868
789
775
662
502
-475
41-5

9-46
86'2
8-4'3
739
609
54'1

13
16
17
20
23
2st
26

702

SO9
792

92-4
87'5
82'3
SO'3
73'6
606
58'9
54'0

13
11
15
16
18
21
23t
2st

37 t
35
38t
-47
49t
59
63t
66

6
6
16
1-4
20
67
SO
93

91'8
91-5
87'4
86'3
8-4'2
82'2
79'1
79'6

13t
11
104
12
16t
14
19
16
20
18
23
22i
23t
23
26
26

45
31
sot
33t
49
36i

104

no

68'5
67'4
6203
-47'6
45'7
-40'6

no

64'4
60'9
71"4
68'8

762

no

68'9
67'3
660
620
604
-48'0
-47'2
-458
45'2
-424

71-3
6-46
-489
469
-41-6

788
771
760
7040
705
704
63-5
625
-488
-487
465
463
-431
-405

!;T9

n'6

71'9
60'-4
607
587
58'3
54'3
5307

52

41t
59t
-40t
66
56
67
62i
6st
68

15
8
16
13

17
104
27
20
78
56
86
71
9-4
93

Ref.

..
....
....
...
-4

..
..
....
.....
..

.
..
....
...
...
...

....
....
..
..
...

....
..

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process of
Manufacture

...
..
...

..
..
..
..

0'39

B.E.A.

....

..
...
..
..
..
...
..
...
...
....
...
...
.....
...
....

..

..
..

..
..
...
.....
......

'

......
.....
.....

Si

..
....
..
......

0'29

...
.
....
..
..

..
.....
.

..

Mn

..
..
....
....
.
..
..
....
.....

0'58

..
..
..

.....
.
..
....
....
....
.....

...
...
..
..
...
...

0'010

......
..
..
....
....
..
....
...
....
......
..

..
...
...

0'019

....
..

..
..
....

....
..
.

..

...

......
...
...
..
..

..
....
.

Tensile

Ni

..
...

0'26

..

..

..

......
..
..
..
..

..

...
..

..
..
..
..
..

....

..
..
..
..
..

..
......
..
.

Cr

..
..
..
....

1'35

..

..
..
....
..
..

..
...
..

..
....

....
..
..
..
..
..
....
......
..
...

..

Mo

..
...

0'60

.
..

..
....
..
..

.....
...
...
.

..
..
..
..
..
....

..
..

..
..

..
....
.
....
..

Section
Size
dia.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

...t
..
....
..

..
..
..

....
..
...

2i

.
..
..
..
..

..

...
..
....
..
..
...

..
...
...
...

0'05% 0'1% 0'2% 0'5%

P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p) (O'IRp> (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

(M)
(0)
(M)
(0)
(M)

(Rs)

T.S.
(R m)

EI

("/0)
(A)

Tons/sq.in.

1
1
8
8
12

R.A.
("/0)

lzod
ft. lb. Ref.

(Z)

16

7i
3 i
14
13 i
30 i
67 i
34

....4
..
....

83-7
78'1
76-2
65'6
557
445

894
82'1
79'7
67'4
56'7
44'9

96'3
92'4
87'9
85-4
73-9
65'2
53'9

n8

818
774
73'9

as'9
as'2
79'0
755

1190
920
83'0
789

97-5
890
84'8

62'8
$44
45'6

64'2
55'0
45'8

65-3
55'7
460

67'2
569
465

74'1
65'2
556

21
lH
23

58
40i
56

53
77
94

WQ.880 lhr T.400 2hr AC

T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.700

83-7
78'0
73'6
69'3
52'9

84-7
79'0
747
70'3
5J03

874
81'2
765

94'2
as'2
79'8
74'6
$4'9
44'6

102'8
91'4
as'4
SO7
63-5
$4'5

10i
14
15
16
25

34
4H
4H
52i
59i
66

11
16
27
32
69
91

WQ.880 lhr T.400 2hr AC

T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.700

88'5
824
77'5
65'7
53'2

904
83'4
78'9
67'2
54'0

944
as'8
81'1
68'9
$49

102'0
90'0
845
70'9
56'3
43'6

109'0
95'6
89'7
77'1
648
$4'0

10
11
lH
17
20!26i

30i
3H
40i
59
56
6H

10
15
20
39
67
93

890
86'3
83'7
80'2
78'3
74'8
67'9
65'5
56'8
55'2

90'1
90'2
84'5
83'1
79'5
76'6
69'0
67'2
574
56'5

93'4
94'5
865
as8
81'4
79'3
70'5
690
58'1
59'3

101-3

39'6

398

10
9
12
11
Hi
12i
18
16
20i
19
26
lSi

2H
27
37
30
42i
3H
5H
4H
57i
51
68i
64i

10
9
15

394

108'2
107'0
96'4
95'5
899
89'0
78'2
77'3
66'5
67'7
54-3
534

WQ.880 lhr

WQ.880 lhr

.
..
.

... ...

..

....
...
....

.
...
....

..
....
.....
.....
..

....
.
...
...
....
..

..
......

....
.....

...
....

..

T.400 2hr AC
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.700
T.400 2hr AC
T.500
T.550
T.600
T.650
T.700

.
....

... ....

.... ....
. ..
..... .....
... ....

. .. ..

6 (0) WQ.880 lhr T.400 2hr AC

.. (M)
.. (0)
T.SOO
.. (M)
.. (0)
T.550
.. (M)
T"
.. (0)
T.600
..
..
..
..
..

Y.P.

. ...

..
..
.. ....
T.650
.. ..
T.700 .
.. ..

83'1
79'1
75'1

n9

634
555
440

63'1
SO'3
76'5

92'1
810
76'1
74'3
64'6
55'5
44'2

n'2

no

53'8

91-3
90'0
848
82'2

n'6

71'0
59'6
59'5
43'5
400

22

3
8
17

22

5
23
52

18
20
33
52
70
97
20
20
18
31

..
....
.

..
..

...
....
......
.....
....

13

20
14

43
41
63
63
91
87

....
....

.......
w

::s
~

::s

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Procesl of
Manufacture

ASTM 1
Grain
Size

040
040
0'40

a.E.A.

..

....
..

B.O.H.

..
..

B.E."'.

..
...
.....
....
..

B.O.H.

...
..

B.E.A.

6 to 7
5 to 7

..
..
..
...

6 to 7

Si

0'19
0'34
0'23

...

Mn

060
055
0'65

....

040

0'20

0'55

041
0'41
041
041
0'41
0'41

0'15
0'14
0'28
0'26
0'23
0'22

0'55
059
0'53
0'55
0'64
0'69

....
..

..

0'41

..
......
..

0'41

042

....
..

..

..

...

.....

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

0'35

0'52

0'20

..
..

0'20

0'65

0-028
0043

..
..

0025
0'022
0'016
0'019
0'037
0'043

..
....
....

0040

060

0'023

0036
0031

....

0'032
0'031
0032
O'OSO
0'032
0035

....

.
....

0032

0038

Ni

Tensile

Cr

1-33
1-08
1'13

....

Mo

0'S9
0'52
0'50

...

135

0'57

121
104
1'05
1'12
1'12
103

0'50
0'51
052
0'51
0'51
051

..
.."

..

....

..
...
..
..
....

107

0'50

...
..
...

108

1-34

051

0'79

Section
Size
dis.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

4f
H

..

U
2f

2
3
5

..
H
..
1

11

1t

2i
f
H
H
t

0'05%
0'1% 0'2% 0'05%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0.05R p ) (O'lR p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

OQ.850 T.650
OQ.860 T.650 AC
OQ.850 T.600 AC
T.650
OQ.860 T.650 ..
OQ.850 T.660

..

..

OQ.860
OQ.860
OQ.860
OQ.860
OQ.850
OQ.850

..
....
....
.
....
..
..
..

T.620 "'C
T.630
T.650
T.660
T.66O
T.640
T.650
OQ.860 T.640
T.650
OQ.860 T.640
T.630
T.660
OQ.850 T.650

..
..
..
....
......

..

..
..
..

T.670

OQ.850 T.660 AC

Y.P.
(Rs )

T.S.
(R m )

Tons/sq.in
480
53'0
664
58'0
540
49'0
60'0
530
460
45'0
50'5
$40
53'0
62'0
48'0
51'0
53'0
47'5
644
556
53'2
56'4
51-0
44'2
475

61'0
63'5
70'0
64'0
630
61'0

no

63'0
59'0
57'0
57'0
63'0
62'5
69'0
570
61'0
63'0
575
70'4
64'2
62'4
644
59'2
56'4

63'0

EI
%
(A)
23
21
20
23
22

23

R.A.
%

Izod
ft. lb.

Ref.

(Z)

59
58
59t
57
6H
64t

50
64
43
64
66
100

4
9

.....
4

--- --- 20
20
21
21
22

21
24
19
25
25
21
23
1st

57
61t
57
57
64t
66
67+
59t
61 t
66
64t
66t

22

24
24
2st
2H
25

48
75
60
48
78
67

58
79
85
75
74
62
68
62
64
83
70

- - - --62+

64

..
...
....
..
......
..
..
..
..
....
..
9

."

i......,

ii'

'"

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
Process of
Manufacture

A5TM
Grain
5ize

..

0"43

..
..
..
..
..
..

A.O.H.

7 to 8

5i

....

Mn

....

0'20

064

..
..
..

..
..
....
..

....
..

..
..
..

..

..
..

0'43
0'43

0'22
0'26

0'70
0'65

0'45

0'27

..
..
..
..

0'21

0050

0'040

0035

0'040

Cr

..
..
,.
..

1'30

..
..
..
..
..

...
....

0'24

1'07
1'43

..

..

0'55

Ni

Tensile

0'15

..
..

1'40

Mo

..
..
....

085

..

..

..
..

..
..

0'46
0'60
0'80

0'05% 0'1% 02% 05% Y.P.

(R s)
P.5.
P.5
P.5.
P.5.
(O'05R p ) (O'lR p) (0'2R p) (0'5R p)

Section
Size
dia

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

..

OQ.850 T.55O AC
T.600
T.625
WQ
FC I
T.65O AC I
T.675
I
T.7oo
OQ.85O T.675 +
5 days 450
OQ.850 T.675 +
14 days 450
OQ.850 T.675 +
56 days 450
N.900 00.875 T.65OI
OQ.85O T.680

1i

..
..
......
....
..

H
1.

..
..

....
..
..
..

....

T.5.
(Rm )

Tons/sq.in.

.. I
..

910
87'6
67'2

..
..

OQ'860 2hr T.n5 Aci

644
58'1
55'6

100'4
95'8
76'0

734
664
647

E I
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

12
1st
18

35
49
56

let
20
20

58
59
59 !

Izod
ft. lb.

17
26
'!iT
58
58
69
80
76
84

58'1
450
400

66'0
570

19!
22

490

28

Ref.

(Z)

..
3

..
..

..
..
....

..

75

..

58!
54!

73
40
62

64

80

..

--- - - - -

12

<iii'

:3'"

.,tll

En 20
Properties

416

of the British Standard En steels

EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

TYPICAL CURVES (Ref. 4)
En 208

En 20A

1" dia. bars Oil Quenched 8S0oC

1,' dla. bars Water Quenched 870C

120r-----------,.------------,
140

r-,--,--,----r-----.---,--,.....,

1101------------+_-----------,,4-__/

I 201-----l1------4-

1001------------+-----+-------1

qO

t-----------+--+-..:---------i
1001----t---t---t---+---:-..--~+_--+_--+_-l

801-----------+-,~--------__/

~
.D

~ 80

70

.i

...
tI

....
.

bO

2c

~
c

::

bO

0-

.!:!

<T

~
{!. 40

<T

.:; 40
c

30

20
201------=-~=:.--+_--------___1

Elongation.

I0L----------~------------'
500

bOO

re "peri nq te..pera tur.

FiC. 20.7

700

c.

o 0L..--IOOJ---20J.0---JOJ.0--4-0J.0---:5~OO-:---:b~OO-:--':'70~0~
rempering

temperaNre
FiC. 20.8

C.

En 20
417

1 per cent Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (Higher Molybdenum)

EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

80r----,----,..----,----,------,.----.

(Ref. 4.)

TYPICAL CU RVES For En 20A

bO

:!!.

...
-'

2c

WQ.870C T.SSOC A.C

50

40

or

)0
.~
~

V>

~
c

20
Elonqotion.

10

70

............

::

-...;:~
~
r.
J

n.;/.

bO

:!!

IIr91h

~ ~I
r--...
0 I

P"o

of

"'t't

Of

Diom".r of bQr (in)

'\.

R.duClion of or.o
.

FiC. 20.9

\ 1\

r---- ~
~~

50

/. ./,

.;

'" "

"

P'b

o
'P ,,/
oo/,
";.

40

r---.

l!
I!

'---

~-

"-

30

...

.~

).
~

WQ.870 C T.600C AC
Elon90 lion

20

10

Oi omctlllr of

bar

FiC. 20.10

(in)

En 20
418

Properties of the British Standard En steels

EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)

TYPICAL CURVES For En 20A

WQ. 870C T.6SOOC AC

100

--

Izod

'10

(Ref. 4)

t---

r---.I---

80
~.

70

ecluction

aria,

,;

bO

.!l

...........

50

="

r----

ren.ile strtnqth.

" ~t--P'oof

~
()./X

1"00

It,.,s,

Itrru.

proPOrtionality.

30

EIOnt 'ion.

20

4
Diameter

of

Fil. 20.11

bar (inj

En 20
419

1 per cent Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (Higher Molybdenum)

EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
(continued)

e0
.............

(Ref. 4)

TYPICAL CU RVES For En 20 B

......

70

PrOof

~
SO

JO

'"

20

'\

I
I

to--

~ t::-

Ilronqrh.

0'5% proof str.u.

1t"Ss.

"'-

Tlnlilo

-=~r---O~

b0

QQ. 8WC T 600C A.C.

t---

R'ducrio n Of

~a.

"'--

. .
llm'lof

""

---

~
proportional ".,

I"
0<1

~ r-----

Elonqotion

e0

r--- r--

I.od

-.;;;;;::::

70

10

"""-

--~ ~ ""
Jlr'~lh.

~~ .
R'duClio n of

bO

t..

SO

0,,, PrO

r--- ~~

Str~ss.

Tlfr'H,

prOPOrtIOI)OI;~.

JO
.~

Elonqotion.

QQ. 85O"C T.65QoC A.C.

10

b
Diamoltr of

Fi,20.13.

bar (in.)

of bar

Fi,.20.12.

~
Of

40

Diamot..

(',n.)

En 20
Properties

420

of

the British Standard E.n steels

EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

(continued)

TYPICAL CURVES For En 20 B

OQ. 8S0C T.700C AC.

(Ref. 4)
100

fzod.

90

80

RoduClion of oroo.

,;

fj

bO
To..ilo .trongth.

:.
~

~o

:::::::

--

.s

tT

$c

40

~
Proof

0'1-'1; Proo
limit of

U'IJs

JfT,S!.

proportionality.

]0
j'OngOlion.

20

Diomo'"

of bar (in.)

Fl 20.14.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURE

Chemical Composition (%)

..
....
..
....

0'24

..
...,
.,

....
..
..
....
....
..
..
,.

0-43

..

Si

....
....
..
..

017

..
..
..
..
..
..

.....

0'30

..
....

.....
..
..

Mn

..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
....

0'55

..

..
..
..
..
....
....
...
..

0'53

..
...

......

0'032

0030

.
....

..
..
....
..
..
....
..

...

..
..
....
..
....
..
..
..
.....
.....

0-028

..

0'030

.
..

..
....
.....
..
..
..

Tensile

Cr

..
....
..

081

..
..

..
..
....
..

..

1-28

..
..
....

..

..
..
...

...

Mo

Section
Si.e
dia.

Heat

Treatment

Test
Temperature

(in.)

..
..
....
..
....
..
....
....

A.880
WQ.880 T.620 AC

R.T.
R.T.
- 30
- 76
-196
R.T.
- 30
-76
-196
R.T.
- 30
- 76
-196

....
....

0'61

0'56

..

....
..
..
....
..

..
.."
.....
..
..
..
....

.,

..
....

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..

....
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..

......
T.650AC
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
T.700AC
.... .....

A. 880
OQ.880 T.650AC

..
..
....
..
..
....
..
.
..

.. ..
.. ..
.. ..

....
..
T.700
..

....
...
. ....

T.680AC

.. .

R.T.
R.T.
- 30
- 76
-196
R.T.
- 30
- 76
-196
R.T.
- 30
-76
-196

l.P.

0'1%
P.S.
(O'lR p)

0'2%
P.S.
(0'2R p)

0'5%
P.S.
(O'SR p)

Y.P.
(R s)

T.S.
(R m )

Tons/sq.in.
34'0
56'0
59'0
60'0

34'6
596
618
63'0

347
60'0
620
63-3

35'2
60'5
62'6
63'6

50'4
52'0
55'7

52'5
542
57'7

528
54'5
57'8

53'2
55'0
58'0

41'0

4403

....7

....9

403
58'0
580
59'1

42-5
60-2
62'3
64'3

42'6
60'4
62'7
64'5

43'0
61'3
63'0
65'0

55'0
58'0

58'3
59'7

590
59'8

59'9
59'9

52'0
557

52'6
56'4

52'7
56'6

52'8
56'8

83'6

78'8
43'0
48'6
74'5

90'2
56'5

85'6
525

80'1

EI.
(%)
(A)

R.A.
(%)

Ref.

..2
..
..
..

(Z)

45'0
66'0
68'0
70'8
88'8
60'0
62'0
65'6
840
50'0
53'2
564
80'0

26
21
22
23
21
24
24
24
21
28
26
27
23

63
65
64
65
49
66
65
66
55
72
69
68
57

56'0
70'0
73'0
76'0
97'0
64'0
68'6
70'4
92'0
620
61'0
660
86'2

23
22
20
20
19
23
22
23
18
26
24

60
56
55
49
45
60
56
55
43
62
59
52
40

25

21

..
....

..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
......
..
..
..

VI

!!..

,~

:s

t:=

En 20
422

Properties

of the British Standard E.n steels

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

Izod Impact

100

qO

i/

T.700C I.e

40

Chemical Composition (%)

C

5i

Mn

0'24

0'17

0'55

0032

0030

Cr

Mo

0'81

0'6'1

70

..

H' dia bars annealed BBOC Furnace cool.

Water Quenched BBOOC Tempered as indicated

bO

:!

co

.i
(Ref. 2)

SO

J.

30

Charpy V Notch Impact

1201-----t----t-------,~---t--------1

.:' 100t----t----t--I--t-------:....:::=.==t
,:..

~
~

40 f-----,f----I--I---H'----t-----t

~...

.1

:;:bOf-----f----H--f--t---:-r--t-----1

401-----f----t+----I'-t'--t----t-----1

20f-----f------,~Y-----t----+----;

oL...;:;:....-_ _L -

-200

-150

L-

.l.-

-100
Tcmp.ratur. C

Fig.2016

.l.-_ _----J

+50

1/

20

10

~~

40

140r----,.----,.----r----,---:;------,

tb50C I.e

-200

h
~

-150

II

~
-100

Fig. 20.15

-ISO

En 20
423

1 per cent Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (Higher Molybdenum)

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA
(continued)
Izod Impact
Chemical Compolition (%)
C

Si

Mn

Cr

Mo

0'43

0'30

053

0'028

0030

1-28

056

70

1 ,. dia. bars annealed 880C Furnace cool

011 Quenched 880C Tempered as Indicated

/ V~

50

...

/
IV

b0

"
i

40

...
0

~AC

1-0'"

-150

~V

-50

T,,"puoturt c

Fill. 20.18

-200

b:7

-150
fill .20.17

T b50" AC

1/
-100

10

-100

-50

Temperature C

f/

.~

/IV

20

~CAC

Tb5~AC

I!
[if

(Ref. 2)

70

T baOC AC

Charpy V Notch Impact

T7ooC AC

+50

En 20
424

Properties

of the British Standard En steels

----------

IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

(continued)

Chemical Composition (%)

C

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Cu

Sn

0'40

0'19

0'60

0'011

0019

0'28

133

059

0'26

0033

McQuaid Ehn grain size 4-2

As Treated grain size 0'002
1 ... dia bars Oil Quenched 850C Tempered 630C 2hr Air cool.

Charpy V Notch
(Ref. 'I)
0

70

b0

:!!

....-'

......

40

'U

"

0 ..

J0

20

~-

~oo

-l~O

/'

-100

-50

Temperature c
FiC20.19

En 20
IMPACT TRANSITION TEMPERATURE DATA

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)

5i

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'43

O' 34

0'65

0'12

1-29

O' 58

,U dla bars 011 Quenched 880C Tempered 680C

Charpy V Notch
(Ref. 6)
10 0

80

70

--_.

bO

...

~
.!

40

30

10
-!>0

II

50

20

...

o
Temp.rotu,.

Fie. 20.20

0,.

+50

+100

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

Procell of

Manuacture

...
..
...
..

024

....

...
..
..

AO.H.

....
....

Si

.....
......
.....
..
.....

0'17

Mn

..

055

...
...
...
.
....
...
....

.,

....
..

0'81

0'030 0'032

....
..
....
..
.....
..

...

..
....
....
.

.
...
..
....
..
..
...
....

Mo

.....
..
..
....
..

0'61

....
... ...
....
.. .. . .

.. .... .... .. .... .... ...

.. .. ... ... ... .... ....

0'28

....

...
...
..
...

0'35

0'21

..
..

....
......
...

0-25

0-58

..
..

...
...
....
..

059

0032 0-030

0'83

050

.. .... .... ....

..
.
....
...
..
..

1'10

....
.....

0'57

..
....

Section
Size
dia.

Heat
Treatment

(in)

..
..
..
..
...
..
...
..
..

Ii

....

Ii

..
..
..

..
T.P.

....
....
...
..
....
..
...

0'1%
P.5.
(o-lR p)

.. ..
.. ..
.... ....
.,
.. ..
.... ..
.. ...
..
.. ....
... ...

WQ.880 T.620 AC

T.650

T.700

.....
..

..
..
..
....

.....
..
......

..
....
....

WQ.850 T.610

..

lop.

Test
Temperature

. .
OQ.850 T.650

I
I

R.T.
250
500
750
1000
R.T.
250
500
750
1000
R.T.
250
500
750
1000

0'2%
P.5.
(0'2R p)

0-5%
P.5.
(0'5R p)

Y.P.
(Rs )

T.5.
(R m)

Tonl/sq.;n

560
-45'0
28'0

59'6
520
37'3

600
53'8
-40'7

605
56'0
-4-4-3

50-4
360
30'2

525
-460
38'1

52'8
-47'8
39'7

53'2
50'1
-41'6

35'0
29'0

38'7
36'3

-40'2
37'3

-41'8
37'8

-43'0

(Ioadin, rate 1 Ton/lq. in. min)

660
61'0
-48'0
8'0
30
600
56'0
-460
7'2
3'2
50'0
50'0
-40'0
100
3'0

EI
("/0)
(A)

21
20
20
67
90
2-4
19
26
101
88
28
2-4
2-4
70
70

R.A.
(%)

(Z)

Izod
ft.lb.

Ref

...
....
..
..
.
..
...
..

65
60
75
95

99

66
62
75
9-4
96
72
65
75
92
66

-20
300
350
-400
-450
500
550

-48'5
587
-42'0
51-3
-49-4
-40'0
36'9
-46'6
3-4'0
-42'8
28'0
39-4
21'0
26'5
(load in, rate 1 Ton/sq.in. min)

65'3
63'6
60'6
57'5
53-5
-49'6
-41'2

21
2H
2H
22
20
20
2-4

61-5
59'3
59'6
60'1
62'1
65'2
57'0
59-4
56'1

2-4
20i
2-4
23
19i
19i
25
2H
2-4

...
....
....
8

6H
61
6-4
66
66

70
79

-R.T.
2200 hr at 250
1 hr at 300
20 hr at 300
200 hr at 300
2200 hr at 300
20 hr at 350
200hr at 350
\2200 hr at 350

-41'6
32'5
31-9
30'9
35'-4
28'9
288
259

51'9
-45'8
4],0
-43'3
-462
-47'3
-41-6
-43'9
-40.-4

52'-4
-476
5-4'2
-45'9
-487
-495
-43'7
-46'3
-42'6

53'2
50'2
-48'-4
-48'9
52'0
529
-46'6
-495
-45'6

61
5-4
68
63
59
63
62
57
53

..5
...
..
..

..

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)

Section

Si

Mn

Cr

Mo

Size
dia.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

....
..
..

..
..

052

0'-40

..
..
....
..
..

O~

..
.
..
....
...

0'43

..
..

..

1'38

..
..
..

.,

.
..

..

0'3

....
..
..
..

...
..

0-20

..
....
......

....
..
..
.

..
..
....

10

O-~

..
..

O~

..

...

0'21

...

..

..
..

..
....
..

..

.
..
..

....
..

..

..

1'30

..
....
..
..
..
...,
.,

..
....

0-57

..

t
....

...

..

..

..

..
..
..
..

...
....

..

......

0'85

....
..
..
..
..
..

....
..
..

OQ850

OQ86O

0'7

...
......
...

..
....

..
..
....

..
..

..
..

-400

T630

..

....
....
..
..

20
100
200
300

l.P.

..
..

655
51'S
-48'3

~5'6

538
-410
37'6
290
265
21'0
9'8
66

500
550

I
I
i

600

50'~

67'8
690

-48'3

~'1

570
56'0
557
!>'I' 5
535
51-5
-497
-475
....5
-41'S
300
33'8
160
130
(Io.ding rite 1 Ton/sq.in.

-400

T.5.
(R m )

no

65'6
539

60'8

+404
~'8
(strain rate O'OO2/min)

II

20
100
200
300

Y.P.
(R s)

EI

(%)
(A)

Izod
ft. lb.

R.A.
(%)

Ref.

(Z)

Tons/sq.in

-400
SOO

700
800
900

0'5%
0'05% 0'1% 0'2%
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
(0'05R p ) (O'lRJ (0'2R p ) (O'SR p )

600

OQ850 T675

..
..
....
..
..
....

C
20
200
300
350

T6-40

..
..
..
..
..

Tensile

I
ITemperature
Test

.-

56'2
529
-48'2
-41'0
38'0
336
25'6
15'8
-

562
531
-49-4
-43'~

-408
36'1
28-4
19'-4
-

lSi
lH
20
22i
2~ +

..
..
..

60
57
59
66
71

..

-58'5
57'5
55'5
525
-480
375
210
min.)

65'0
630
60'7
580
5-45
....7
310

56-4
53-4
500

6-4'3
613
59-4
60'8
55'-4

~8

-43'8
38'8
31'2
232

(Io.ding rate 1 Ton/sq.in. min)

~'1

-403
338
132
81
-46

22
22
22+
22+
23
26+
31

2~

25
21
21
29
27
32
39
67
90
97

..1

3Si
3H

....

~1

..
..

....

-42i
50
~

..
..
..
..

66
65
61

~5

....
...

66

86
90
87
88
89

..
..

::::s

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

(continued)
Tensile

Chemical Composition (%)

.
....
....
.

0'43

..

5i

..
....

0'30

..

.
..
...

.
..
..

..
...
....

..

..

Mn

....
..
.
.....
...
....
..
.

0'53

....
....
...
....

0'028

..

...

...
.

...
...
...
....
...
.....

0-030

Ni

Cr

..

1"28

..
.
.....
...
....
..
..

Mo

....
....
.....
....
...
......

0-56

Test

Section
Size
dia.

Heat
Treatment

Temperature

(in.)

.....
..
...
.....
...
..
.

1.

...
...
....
...

...
...

..

...
....

OQ.880 T.650

...
....

OQ880 T.680

OQ.850 T.7oo

......

......
.
....
..

R.T.
250
500
750
1000

.....
.

R.T.
250
500
750
1000

AC

AC

AC

R.T.
250
500
750
1000

L.P.

0'1%
P.5.

0'2%
P.5.

0,5%
P.5.

Y.P.

T.5.
(R m)

EI
(%)

R.A.
(%)

70-0
640
480
80
30

22

19
23
70
80

56
73
96
99

64'0
62'0
460
8'0
3'0

23
18
24
75
95

60
54
76
96
99

620
54'0
42'0
8'4
3'2
(Ioadine rate 1 Ton/sq.in. min.)

26
20
25
75
100

62
57
80
97
99

(Ra)

Tons/sq.in.
58'0
42'0
28'2

60'2
49'3
344

604
51'5
36'8

61"3
550
40'7

370
28'0

46'0
34'3

48'2
36'6

51'2
395

37'3
260

410
30'6

425
32'3

45'2
348

56'5

52'5

~2

Izod
ft. lb.

Ref.

......
..
...
.
..
2

..

...

....

..

CREEP RUPTURE DATA

Chemical Compooition (%)
C

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

Heat
Treatment
C
Water Quenched
& Tempered

..
..
..
....
..
..
..

(WITHIN En 20A SPECIFICATION)

....
..
..
...
..

..
..
..
..
..
..

03

..
....
..
..
..
..

0'4

(WITHIN En 20B SPECIFICATION)

..
..

1'0

..
..

..
....

..
..
..
..

0'7

..
..
..

..
..
..
....

..
..

..

..
..
..
..

1000

100
300
1000

300C

3SOOC

-400"C <4SOOC

22'0

rupture

0'1
1'0

30
100
300

Temperature of Test

0'1
10

10000

100,000

...
....

Serain
(%)

0'1
1'0

..

Stress (Tons/sq. in.) to live specified plastic strain

Plastic

3000

..
..

OQ.860 T.630

..
..

...

1000

..

..
0'<4

Time
hr

150

rupture

(11'0)

rupture

0'1

(<4-8)

SOO"C

SSOOC 600"C 6SOOC

80
20'0

1'8
70
120
1'2
55
10'0
(0'8)
(<4'5)
(6'0)

5'1
150

(3'0)
(12'0)

(1-3)

..

rupture

05
10

220

rupture

05
1'0

200

rupture

0'1
0'1
0'1

<47'7
4(;'6
<450

4<48
<420
390

390
H'O
30'2

29'0
21'2
17'2

Ref.

160
110
67

..<4
..
.
..
..

..
....

21'0
190
13'0
16'2
170
88
120
15'0

...

10'5
19'5

6'3
86
25
63
7'6

(5'5)
(5'0)
(<4-8)

(4'0)

..1

..
..
......
..
..
..

13

Figures in parenthesis are extrapolated

=
o

CREEP DATA
(continued)
Chemical Composition (%)
C

Si

0'40

......
..
.

..
....
..
..

030

Mn

Cr

..

1'0

040

...

....

..
..
....
..

Heat Treatment

Test
Temperature

Mo

...
..
...

07

..
..
...

..
..

OQ.860 T 630 AC

Stress (Tons/sq.in.) for Minimum Creep rate of

1o-'/hr
310
28'0
23'0
12'0
45
(2-0)

400
450
500
550
600
650

..
..

1o--'/hr
270
200
140
57
2'2

1o-'/hr
(22-0)
165

Ref.

..1

....

..

Ficures in parentheses are extrapolated.

STRESS RUPTURE DATA AT 550C

Chemical Composition (%)
C

...

045

..
...
..
..

Si

Mn

...
..
..
..
..
..

0'55

0'27

..
..
......
.
..

Heat Treatment

Cr

Mo

.....
..
..
...

0040

.....
....
....

140

....
..
....
....

080

0'040

...
..
..
....
..

Stress
Tons/sq.in.

Time of Test
hr

31'0
27'7
24'0
21'1
1',0
120
89
65

0'1
1'25
90
32'5
25'2
1378
3877
10398

Eloneation (%)
on 1*

Ref.

....

....

OQ.860 T.n5 2hr "C

..
....
..

..
....
..
..

....
...
..

24
28
30
30
H
33
32
unbroken

...

12

..
...
.

FATIGUE PROPERTIES
Chemical Composition (%)

Tensile
Sectiort

.....

0'23

Si

...

0'21

Mn

.....

056

...

0'025

...
..

0'031

Ni

......

0'08

Cr

....

0'62

Mo

......

0'51

Size
dia.

Heat
Treatment

(in.)

......

WQ.875 T.610 WQ
OQ.875 T.680 WQ
N.875 (i-hr)
T.650

..

Y.P.
(Ra)

T.S.
(Rm)

Tons'sq.in.
56'1
347
350
32'8

61'0
44'2
45'2
42'6

EI

R.A.

(A)

(Z)

(%)

23
28
25
27

(%)

67
70
60
66

Izocl
ft. lb.

Fatia:ue limit
Rotatina:
Bendina:
10'
Reveraals
Tonl/sq.in.

66
101
21
63

31'7
22-7
21'5
22-5

Ref.

...
..
8

LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Private correspondence With Jessop-Saville Limited.

2. Private correspondence with Hadfields Limited.

3. Private correspondence with Firth-Brown Limited.

4. Private correspondence with English Steel Corporation Limited.

VI

5. Private correspondence with The Ministry of Aviation, Royal Aircraft Establishment. Farnborough.

6. Private correspondence With United Steel Companies Limited.

7. Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of the B.S. En Series Steels (Second Edition). Iron & Steel Institute Special
Report No. 56, 1956.

8. Private correspondence with Edgar Allen & Co. Limited.

9. Private correspondence with The Clyde Alloy Steel Co. Limited.
10. British Standard 971. Commentary on The British Wrought Steels, En Series, British Standards Institution London.
1950.
11. Symposium on The Hardenability of Steel. Organized byThe Technical Advisory CommitteeofThe Special and Alloy
Steels Committee (Ministry of Supply) and The Iron & Steel Institute. Iron & Steel Institute Special Report No. 36,
1946.
12. B. J. Connolly and G. Boyd, High temperature properties of wrought steels. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Vol 172.
No. 31. 1958

::s
~
o


-a
-a
(D
:::s

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (v), THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (k) AND LORENZ FUNCTION (L)
OF n STEELS (N.P.L. DATA)
En No.

Si

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

0'06

0'01

0'38

005

002

0'03 -

6000C

2
BOH

0'08

3
BOH

0'23

8
BOH

041

8
AOH

0'43

"2G
BEA

Q'80

0'08 0'31

0'11

0'11

0'63

Q'6<I

Q'20 0'69

Q'O'!

0'07

Q'06

QoO'!

Q'07

Trace

Trace

0'03

0'02

....8
0'111
7'39

57'5

89'8
Q'081

7'30

72'5
Q'09O
7'..7

0'01

35'2
0'118
7'26

"5'8
0'107
7'29

58'"
Q'Q96
7'25

73'"
Q'086
7'22

42G
BOH

0'8"

....E
BOH

1'22 Q'16

14
BOH

Q'23

18A
AOH

0'31

19
AOH

0'35

22
AOH

0'32

23
AOH

0'33

013

Q. 32

0'24

0'35

Q13

Trace

Trace Traer

Q'13

0'11

0'01

29'2
0'116
7'15

38'1
0'106
7Q4

..87
Q'102
7'38

60'1
0'094
7'31

1'51

0'20 0'69

Q'O'!

Q'Ol

QO'

1'09

0'01

0'59

0'26

0'88

020

22'1
Q'121
7'17

29'6
0'115
720

387
7'35

..9'3
0'100
7'32

177
0115
746

23'8
0'115
7'33

31'2
0'111
7'32

39'9
Q'l05
730

0'17

0'53

3' ..7

3'38

Q'17

0'80

O'O'!

170
Q'119
740

23'2
0'115
7'15

3Q'8
0'lQ8
7'03

165
Q'122
7'37

22'8
0'117
7-15

184
Q'lQ8
728

e
e

0'07

k
10'xL

k
103 x L

61'9
Q'091
7'29

76'6
0'081
7'11

93'2
OQ72
6'9Q

111'1
Q'059
6'11

114'9
0061
5'97

1179
0'06<1
5'93

5Q'4
0'098
7-34

62'6
0'092
7'45

no

93'6
0'075
7'22

111'3
Q'Q6<I
6'6<1

11'1'9
0'062
6'Q7

1180
Q'064
5'93

39'8
0'099
6'89

50'5

n'2
0'078
6'90

93'5
O'Q72
6'93

112'9
Q'058
6'10

116'4
0'061
6'05

119'1
Q.Q6<I

6'83

62'8
Q'084
6'82

30'3
0'110
7Q5

39'2
0'100
6'S'!

..9'8
0'092
6'80

62'2
0'085
6'S'!

76'7
0'079
6'95

92'7
Q'Q73
6'95

112'9
0'Q58
6'10

116'6
0'060
5-95

119'7
0'064
6'01

25'2
0'107
7'23

33'3
0'102
7-18

43'0
0'096
7'2Q

54'0
Q'089
7'14

66'5
Q'Q83
7'15

80'2
Q'076
6'98

96'"
O'Q58
6'73

115'2
Q'057
6-12

119'6
QQ59
6-Q2

122'6
00,2
596

197
Q'110
193

25'9
0'111
7'70

33'3
0'107
7'53

..2'1
0'103
7'56

52'3
0'Q96
1'45

6<1'5
0'089
1'43

78'6
0'082
7-38

94'6
0'015
7'29

110'3
0'071
7'29

114'3
0'06<1
6'2<1

117..
0'065
5'99

200
0'116
850

259
Q'111
7'70

33'Q
0.106
1'..0

41'7
0'101
7'35

51'1
0092
l'Ql

63'6
0'085
7'00

n'8
0'016
6'76

93-"
0'069
6'62

110'6
Q'062
6'39

114'5
Q.06'!
6'2..

117'7
0'067
6'20

21'1
Q'lQ3
7'95

21'1
0'102

"2'8
0'091
7'25

529

7'''2

3<1'2
0-100
7'2..

7'3Q

6<1'6
0'087
1'28

78'6
0'081
7'29

9"'4
0'01<1
7'11

110'3
0'063
6'..7

113'8
0'065
6'3Q

117'1
0'Q67
6'17

25'9
0'Q37
8'25

32Q
Q09O
7'72

39'0
0'092
1'59

47'0
0091

56'7
0'081
7'3<1

67'9
0'082
1'20

81'4
Q'016
7'08

99'2
0'068
6'93

112'2
0'060
6'28

11"'9
0'063
6'17

118'0
0'066
6'12

25'6
0'Q82
7'69

31'1
0'O!l6
731

38'7
0'088
7'20

46'9

56'7
0'087
7'3<1

68'1
O'OS'!
7'..1

81'7
O'OSO
7'..8

98'1
Q'070
7'06

111'5
0'062
6'45

114'8
0'063
6'16

117'8
0'066
6'11

k
10'xL
0'18 0'55

1167
Q065
595

113'68
0Q63

16'0
Q'124
7'26

k
103 xL
0'21

109'"

k
103 xL

92'5
Q'076
7'22

21'9
0'122
7'16

0'025-

75'8
Q'Q85
7'..7

159
Q12..
7'22

k
10'xL
Q'12

116'5
0'066
6'0'!

k
103 xL

113'0
0'06<1
6'17

26'3
0'128
7'11

k
10'xL

108'1
0'068
6'85

19'0
Q'138
7Q3

k
10'xL

90'5
Q'076
7'06

6'8"
13'2
0'1'12
6'85

k
103 X L
0'13

1160
Q'066
6'02

H'l
0'122
7'26

k
103 xL

112'"
0'065
6'2..

25'2
0'133
7'08

k
10'xL

107'3
0'072
7'2Q

17'8
01 ....
6'88

900C

12'0
0'156

8000C

100C

k
10'xL

Rimminl

500C

ll"C

Property

2000C

3000C

0'109

7'''5

ooas

7'20

"OOOC

0'091

0'093

0098

Q'086
7'58

7000C

7'''8

0'062
6'33

6'09

Q.
-.

I~

l000"C

5'99

:g
til
::J

Q.

)('
til

'"

><

(continued)
En No.

Si

Mn

NI

Cr

Mo

23
BEA

0'32 0'25 0'55 3'.. 1 0'71 0'06

27
BEA

0'3.. 0'27 0'55 3'53 0'78 039

.f6
AOH

0..8 1'98 0'90 0'16 0O.f

56B
BEA

0-13 0'17 0'25 O'H 12'95 -

560
8EA

0'27 0'18 0'28 0'20 13-69 0'01 0'25

58E
BEA

0'08 0-68 0'37 8'H 19'11

BEA

1'22 0'22 13'00 0'07

vi

200"C

300"C

<IOO"C

500"C

600"C

700"C

8OO"C

900"C

l000"C

26'5
0'080
7'76

32'5
0'085
7'..0

39'5
0'087
7'26

..77
0'087
7'25

57'2
0'087
7'<40

68'6
0082
729

82'0
0'078
7'15

99'0
0'068
6'93

111'7
0'062
6.f6

115'0
0'063
6'18

118'0
0'66
6'12

277
0'079
8'01

33'7
0081
7'32

<40'6
0'0&4
7'21

"8'7
0'085
7'23

58'2
0'085
7'35

69'"
0'080
7'19

82'5
0'073
6'90

111'"
0'06<4
6'65

lH'6
0'066
6....

99'"
0'67
6'8"

117-6
0'068
6'27

.. 19
0'060
9'21

..70
0'068
8'57

52-9
0'072
8'06

60'1
O'OH
7n

68'5
0'07"
7'53

78'8
0'07..
7'55

91-1
0'072
7'52

105'7
0'067
7'28

117'3
0'060
6-57

119'7
0'061
6'23

122'3
0'063
6'05

.f86
0'06<4
11'"

58'"
0066
10'33

67'9
0'066
9'..7

76'9
0'067
8'98

85'"
0'066
8'38

93'8
0-065
7'89

102'1
0-063
7'38

110'3
0-061
6'92

116-0
0'060
6'..9

115'0
0'06<4
6'27

117'0
0'066
6'06

50'3
0'060
11'1

59'5
0'063
10'05

68'"
0'065
9'39

76'9
0-066
8'85

85'3
0'066
8'37

93'5
0065
7'87

101-5
0'06<4
7....

109'9
0'061
6'88

115-7
0060
6'..7

lH'6
0'06<4
6'2..

1179
0'066
6'11

69..
0'038
9-6'4

n'6
0'039
8-11

85'0
OO.fl
7'37

91'6
0O.f.f
7O.f

97'6
0O.f8
6'96

102'6
0'052
690

107'2
0'057
7'00

111-1
0'061
6'97

117'1
0'06<4
6-39

lH'1
0Q6.4
6'80

119'6
0'067
6'30

66'5
0031
7'55

757
0'035
7'09

8..7
0'039
6-98

93'1
0O.f3
693

100'"
0-O.f6
6'87

105'9
0O.f9
6'72

110'0
0'052
6'5..

115'6
0'05"
6'..2

120'"
0'056
628

12"'5
0'058
6'15

127'5
0'061
6'11

829
0'030
9'13

89'1
0'035
8'36

9<47
0'039
7'80

99'6
0O.f2
7'30

103-9
0O.f5
69<4

107'7
0O.f9
6'83

111.2
0'053
6'80

lH'2
0'056
6'58

116'5
0'060
6'51

118'"
0'063
6'35

120'6
0'066
6'25

<40'6
0'058
8'63

"7'2
0'062
78.f

$.f...

62'7
0067
7'3..

71'8
0068
7'25

81-5
0'067
7'06

92'2
0'065
6'87

1037
006<4
6'83

115'2
0'062
6'65

117'3
0'06-4
6'..0

120'9
0'066
6'28

l()1xL

k
l()1xL
k

l()1xL

l()1xL

l()1xL

0'60

l()1xL

0'03

k
l()1xL

BEA

0'28 0'15 0'89 29'37 Trace -

l()1xL
BHF

071 0'30 0'25 0'07 "'26 Trace 18'''5 1'075

IO"C

l00"C

Property

l()1xL

0'065
7.f8

Q.

"a

"'0
It
:7

_.

)C

Appendix II
Appendixes

434

COMPARISON OF ELONGATION O N L=4 V A N D L=5-65 A

El %
on

Elongation
10

15

4-3

3-9

5-3

4-9

6-4

60

5-6

1 - 4 Ka

20

25

30

35

3-2

2-9

4-5

4-2

3-9

5-3

50

35

Per

Cent

on 1 S ' 6 S Y 1 ^ For Reduction of Area

40

45

50

7-5

7-1

6-7

6-4

6-1

5-9

8-5

8-1

7-7

7-3

70

6-8

10

9-5

9-1

8-7

8-3

80

7-7

7-4

70

6-7

55

60

65

11

10-2

9-8

9-4

90

8-6

8-3

80

7-7

12

11-3

10-8

10-4

100

9-6

9-3

9-0

8-7

13

12-4

11-8

11-3

10-9

10-5

10-2

9-9

9-6

14

13-6

13-9

12-2

11-8

11-5

11-2

10-2

10-6

10-3

15

140

13-2

12-8

12-4

120

11-7

11-4

111

16

150

14-3

13-7

13-2

12-8

12-5

12-2

11-9

17

16-1

15-4

14-7

14-1

13-8

13-5

13-2

12-9

18

17-1

16-4

15-7

15-1

14-8

14-5

14-3

140

13-8

19

18-2

17-5

16-8

16-2

15-8

15-5

15-2

14-9

14-6

14-4

20

19-3

70

75

80

85

18-6

17-9

17-3

16-8

16-4

16-1

15-8

15-5

15-2

150

14-8

21

19-7

190

18-4

17-8

17-3

170

16-7

16-5

16-2

15-9

15-7

22

20-8

200

19-4

18-8

18-3

17-9

17-6

17-4

I M

16-9

16-7

23

21-9

210

20-4

19-8

19-3

18-9

18-5

18-2

180

17-8

17-6

24

230

220

21-4

20-8

20-3

19-9

19-5

19-2

190

18-8

18-6

25

24-2

230

22-4

21-8

21-3

20-9

20-6

20-3

200

19-8

19-6

19-5

19-4

90

19-3

26

25-3

24-2

23-6

22-9

22-4

220

21-7

21-4

21-1

20-9

20-7

20-5

20-4

20-4

27

26-4

25-3

24-6

23-9

23-3

22-9

22-6

22-3

220

21-8

2V7

21-6

21-5

21-4

28

27-6

26-4

25-6

24-8

24-3

23-9

23-5

23-2

22-9

22-7

22-6

22-5

22-4

22-3

29

28-7

27-4

26-6

25-8

25-3

24-9

24-6

24-3

23-8

23-6

23-5

23-4

23-3

23-2

30

29-8

28-5

27-6

26-7

26-2

25-9

25-6

25-3

24-9

24-6

24-4

24-3

24-2

24-1

29-5

28-6

27-7

27-2

26-9

26-6

26-3

260

25-7

25-4

25-2

25-1

250

32

30-6

29-7

28-8

28-1

27-8

27-5

27-2

270

26-7

26-4

26-2

26-1

26.0

33

31-7

30-7

29-8

29-1

28-8

28-5

28-1

27-9

27-7

27-5

27-2

27-1

27.0

34

32-8

31-7

30-8

300

29-7

29-4

29-1

28-8

28-5

28-3

28-1

280

27.9

35

33-8

32-7

31-8

310

30-6

30-3

300

29-7

29-4

29-2

29.0

28-9

28.8

36

34-9

33-8

32-9

320

31-6

31-2

30-9

30-6

30-3

30-1

29.9

29-8

29.7

37

36-0

34-8

33-9

330

32-5

32-2

31-9

31-5

31-2

310

30-8

30-7

30.6

38

37-1

35-8

34-9

34-1

33-5

33-1

32-8

32-4

32-1

31-9

31-7

31-5

31.4

39

38-3

36-9

360

35-2

34-5

340

33-7

33-3

330

32-8

32-6

32-4

32.3

40

39-4

380

370

36-2

35-5

350

34-6

34-2

33-9

32-7

33-5

33-2

33-1

31

41

39-4

38-1

37-2

36-5

35-9

35-5

35-1

35-8

34-5

34-3

34-1

340

42

40-5

39-3

38-3

37-4

36-9

36-4

360

35-7

35-4

35-2

350

34-8

43

41-6

40-5

39-3

38-4

37-9

37-4

370

36-6

36-3

36-1

35-9

35-7

44

42-7

41-6

40-4

39-5

390

38-5

380

37-5

37-1

36-9

36-7

36-5

45

43-9

42-7

41-5

40-7

40-1

39-5

38-9

38-5

38-2

37-9

37-6

37-4

46

43-9

42-7

41-8

4V1

40-5

400

39-6

29-2

38-8

38-5

38.3

47

45-1

43-8

42-9

42-1

41-5

410

40-6

40-2

39-8

39-4

39.2

48

'*62

44-9

44-0

43-2

42-6

42-1

41-7

41-3

40-9

40-5

40.2

49

47-3

460

45-1

44-3

43-7

43-2

42-8

42-4

420

41-7

41.4

50

48-5

47-1

46-2

45-3

44-7

44-2

43-8

43-5

43-2

42-9

42-6

Note this table does not apply for

Austenitic Steels

Appendix III
Appendixes

435

APPROXIMATE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIOUS

HARDNESS NUMBERS
This table has been compiled f r o m the average of a number of published conversions.

Vicktr
Diamond
Hardntst
HV

Brinell
Hardness
HB

1200
1150
1100
1050
1000
980
960
940
920
900
880
860
840
820
800

Rockwell
C
Hardness
HRC

Rockwell

Hardness
HRB

70
69 i
68i

1000 Ibs/sq. in.

68
67 i
67
66i
66
65*
64i
64

63 i

62

63

601

720

612

59

700

600

58 i

680

587

57 i

660

572

56 i

640

558

55 i

620

543

54 i

600

530

580
560

740

in

760

Tons/sq.

Strengch

Kfm/sq. mm

70 i

61 i

780

ensile

-_
-

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_

131

293

206

128

286

202

125

280

197

122

273

192

119

266

187

53 i

116

259

183

516

521

113

253

178

502

5U

110

246

173

107

239

169

104

232

164

101

226

159

60

540

488

50 i

520

475

491

500

461

48

480

444

47

460

428

451

440

412

44

420

397

42

400

380

40

111

98

219

154

95

212

149

92

206

144

90

201

141

88

197

138

380

363

38

110

84

188

132

360

345

36

109

79

176

124

340

328

34

108

76

170

119

320

312

32

107

72

161

113

300

294

30

106

68

152

107

280

275

27

104

64

143

100

260

255

24

102

59

132

93

240

235

20

99

51

114

80

220

215

16

96

46

103

200

72

195

11

92

42

94

66

87

38

85

60

82

34

76

53

76

30

67

74

67

26

58

41

56

22

49

35

35

18

40

28

180

175

160

155

140

135

120

115

100

96

--

80

77

Appendix IV
Appendixes

436

TONS PER SQUARE INCH T O

KILOGRAMMES PER SQUARE MILLIMETRE
BASED
Tons/
sq. in.

0
1

1-57

0-1

ON

1 I N C H = 25-4

0-2

MILLIMETRES;

0-3

0-4

1 POUND =

0-45359243 KILOGRAMMES

0-5

0-6

0-7

08

0-9

0-157

0-315

0-472

0-630

0-787

0-945

1-10

1-26

1-42

1-73

1-89

205

2-20

2-36

2-52

2-68

2-83

2-99
4-57

3-15

3-31

3-46

3-62

3-78

3-94

4-09

4-25

4-41

4-72

4-88

504

5-20

5-35

5-51

5-67

5-83

5-98

6-14

6-30

6-46

6-61

6-77

6-93

7-09

7-24

7-40

7-56

7-72

7-87

803

8-19

8-35

9-45

9-61

9-76

9-92

8-50
10-1

8-66

8-82

8-98

10-2

10-4

10-6

9-13
10-7

9-29
10-9

11-0

11-2

11-3

11-5

11-7

11-8

120

12-1

12-3

12-4

12-6

12-8

12-9

13-1

13-2

13-4

13-5

13-7

13-9

14-0

14-2

14-3

14-5

14-6

14-8

150

15-1

15-3

15-4

15-6

10

15-7

15-9

16-1

16-2

16-4

16-5

16-7

16-9

17-0

17-2

11

17-3

17-5

17-6

17-8

18-0

18-1

18-3

18-4

18-6

18-7

12

18-9

19-1

19-2

19-4

19-5

19-7

19-8

20-0

20-2

20-3

13

20-5

20-6

20-8

20-9

21-1

21-3

21-4

21-6

21-7

21-9

14

220

22-2

22-4

22-5

22-7

22-8

23-0

23-2

23-3

23-5

15

23-6

23-8

23-9

24-1

24-3

24-4

24-6

24-7

24-9

25-0

16

25-2

25-4

25-5

25-7

25-8

26-0

26-1

26-3

26-5

26-6

17

26-8

26-9

27-1

27-2

27-4

27-6

27-7

27-9

28-0

28-2

18

28-3

28-5

28-7

28-8

290

29-1

29-3

29-5

29-6

29-8

19

29-9

30-1

30-2

30-4

30-6

30-7

30-9

31-0

31-2

31-3

20

31-5

31-7

31-8

320

32-1

32-3

32-4

32-6

32-8

32-9

21

33-1

33-2

33-4

33-5

33-7

33-9

34-0

34-2

34-3

34-5

22

34-6

34-8

35-0

35-1

35-3

35-4

35-6

35-7

35-9

36-1

23

36-2

36-4

36-5

36-7

36-9

370

37-2

37-3

37-5

37-6

24

37-8

38-0

38-1

38-3

38-4

38-6

38-7

38-9

39-1

39-2

25

39-4

39-5

39-7

39-8

40-0

40-2

40-3

40-5

40-6

40-8

26

40-9

41-1

41-3

41-4

41-6

41-7

41-9

42-0

42-2

42-4

27

42-5

42-7

42-8

43-0

43-2

43-3

43-5

43-6

43-8

43-9

28

44-1

44-3

44-4

44-6

44-7

44-9

450

45-2

45-4

45-5

29

45-7

45-8

46-0

46-1

46-3

46-5

46-6

46-8

46-9

47-1

47-2

47-4

47-6

47-7

47-9

480

48-2

48-3

48-5

48-7

49-6

49-8

49-9

50-1

50-2
51-8

30
31

48-8

49-0

49-1

49-3

49-5

32

50-4

50-6

50-7

50-9

510

51-2

51-3

51-5

51-7

33

520

52-1

52-3

52-4

52-6

52-8

52-9

53-1

53-2

53-4

34

53-5

53-7

53-9

540

54-2

54-3

54-5

54-6

54-8

55-0

35

55-1

55-3

55-4

55-6

55-8

55-9

56-1

56-2

56-4

56-5

57-5

57-6

57-8

580

58-1

36

56-7

56-9

570

57-2

57-3

37

58-3

58-4

58-6

58-7

58-9

59-1

59-2

59-4

59-5

59-7

38

59-8

60-0

60-2

60-3

60-5

60-6

60-8

60-9

61-1

61-3

39

61-4

61-6

61-7

61-9

62-1

62-2

62-4

62-5

62-7

62-8

40

630

63-2

63-3

63-5

63-6

63-8

63-9

64-1

64-3

64-4

41

64-6

64-7

64-9

650

65-2

65-4

65-5

65-7

65-8

66-0

42

66-1

66-3

66-5

66-6

66-8

66-9

67-1

67-2

67-4

67-6

43

67-7

67-9

68-0

68-2

68-4

68-5

68-7

68-8

690

69-1

44

69-3

69-5

69-6

69-8

69-9

70-1

70-2

70-4

70-6

70-7

45

70-9

71-0

71-2

71-3

71-5

71-7

71-8

720

72-1

72-3

73-1

73-2

73-4

73-5

73-7

73-9

74-6

74-8

750

75-1

75-3

75-4

46

72-4

72-6

72-8

72-9

47

740

74-2

74-3

74-5

48

75-6

75-8

75-9

76-1

76-2

76-4

76-5

76-7

76-9

770

49

77-2

77-3

77-5

77-6

77-8

78-0

78-1

78-3

78-4

78-6

50

78-7

78-9

79-1

79-2

79-4

79-5

79-7

79-8

800

80-2

Appendix IV
437

Appendixes

TONS PER SQUARE INCH T O

KILOGRAMMES PER SQUARE MILLIMETRE
(continued)
BASED O N 1 I N C H = 25-4 MILLMETRES;
Tons/
sq. in.

0-1

0-2

0-3

0-4

1 P O U N D = 0-45359243 KILOGRAMMES

0-5

0-6

0-7

0-8

90

51

80-3

80-5

80-6

80-8

80-9

81-1

81-3

81-4

81-6

81-7

52

81-9

82-1

82-2

82-4

82-5

82-7

82-8

83-0

83-2

83-3

53

83-5

83-6

83-8

83-9

84-1

84-3

84-4

84-6

84-7

84-9

54

850

85-2

85-4

85-5

85-7

85-8

860

86-1

86-3

86-5
880

55

86-6

86-8

86-9

87-1

87-2

87-4

87-6

87-7

87-9

56

88-2

88-4

88-5

88-7

88-8

89-0

89-1

89-3

89-5

89-6

57

89-8

89-9

90-1

90-2

90-4

90-6

90-7

90-9

91-0

91-2

58

91-3

91-5

91-7

91-8

920

92-1

92-3

92-4

92-6

92-8

59

92-9

93-1

93-2

93-4

93-5

93-7

93-9

940

94-2

94-3

60

94-5

94-7

94-8

95-0

95-1

95-3

95-4

95-6

95-8

95-9

61

96-1

96-2

96-4

96 5

96-7

96-9

97-0

97-2

97-3

97-5

62

97-6

97-8

98-0

98-1

98-3

98-4

98-6

98-7

98-9

99-1

63

99-2

99-4

99-5

99-7

99-8

100-0

100-2

100-3

100-5

100-6

64

100-8

101-0

101-1

101-3

101-4

101-6

101-7

101-9

102-1

102-2

65

102-4

102-5

102-7

102-8

103-0

103-2

103-3

103-5

103-5

103-8
105-4

66

103-9

104-1

104-3

104-4

104-6

104-7

104-9

105-0

105-2

67

105-5

105-7

105-8

106-0

106-1

106-3

106-5

106-6

106-8

106-9

68

107-1

107-2

107-4

107-6

107-7

107-9

108-9

108-2

108-4

108-5

69

108-7

108-8

109-0

109-1

109-3

109-5

109-6

109-8

109-9

110-1

70

110-2

110-4

110-6

110-7

110-9

1110

111-2

111-3

111-5

111-7

71

111-8

1120

112-1

112-3

112-4

112-6

112-8

112-9

113-1

113-2

72

113-4

113-5

113-7

113-9

114-0

114-2

114-3

114-5

114-7

114-8

73

115-0

115-1

115-3

115-4

115-6

115-8

115-9

116-1

116-2

116-4

74

116-5

116-7

116-9

117-0

117-2

117-3

117-5

117-6

117-8

1180

75

118-1

118-3

118-4

118-6

118-7

118-9

119-1

119-2

119-4

119-5

76

119-7

119-8

120-0

120-2

120-3

120-5

120-6

120-8

121-0

121-1

77

121-3

121-4

121-6

121-7

121-9

122-1

122-2

122-4

122-5

122-7

78

122-8

123 0

123-2

123-3

123-5

123-6

123-8

123-9

124-1

124-3

79

124-4

124-6

124-7

124-9

125-0

125-2

125-4

125-5

125'7

125-8

80

126-0

126-1

126-3

126-5

126-6

126-8

126-9

127-1

127-3

127-4

81

127-6

127-7

127-9

128-0

128-2

128-4

128-5

128-7

128-8

129-0

82

129-1

129-3

129-5

129-6

129-8

129-9

130-1

130-2

130-4

130-6

83

130-7

130-9

131-0

131-2

131-3

131-5

131-7

131-8

1320

132-1

84

132-3

132-4

132-6

132-8

132-9

133-1

133-2

133-4

133-5

133-7

85

133-9

1340

134-2

134-3

134-5

134-7

134-8

1350

135-1

135-3

86

135-4

135-6

135-8

135-9

136-1

136-2

136-4

136-5

136-7

136-9

87

1370

137-2

137-3

137-5

137-6

137-8

138-0

138-1

138-3

138-4
140-0

88

138-6

138-7

138-9

139-1

139-2

139-4

139-5

139-7

139-8

89

140-2

140-3

140-5

140-6

140-8

141-0

141-1

141-3

141-4

141-6

90

141-7

141-9

142-1

142-2

142-4

142-5

142-7

142-8

143-0

143-2

91

143-3

143-5

143-6

143-8

143-9

144-1

144-3

144-4

144-6

144-7

92

144-9

145-0

145-2

145-4

145-5

145-7

145-8

1460

146-1

146-3

93

146-5

146-6

146-8

146-9

147-1

147-3

147-4

147-6

147-7

147-9

94

1480

148-2

148-4

148-5

148-7

148-8

149-0

149-1

149-3

149-5

150-6

150-7

150-9

151-0

95

149-6

149-8

149-9

150-1

150-2

150-4

96

151-2

151-3

151-5

151-7

151-8

1520

152-1

152-3

152-4

152-6

97

152-8

152-9

153-1

153-2

153-4

153-6

153-7

153-9

154-0

154-2

98

154-3

154-5

154-7

154-8

1550

155-1

155-3

155-4

155-6

155-8

99

155-9

156-1

156-2

156-4

156-5

156-7

156-9

1570

157-2

157-3

100

157-5

157-6

157-8

158-0

158-1

158 3

158-4

158-6

158-7

158-9

Appendix IV
438

Appendixes

TONS PER SQUARE INCH T O POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH

Tons

0-1

0-2

lb.

lb.

lb.

0-3

0-4

0-5

0-6

0-7

0-8

0-9

lb.

lb.

lb.

lb.

lb.

lb.

lb.

224

448

672

896

1120

1344

1568

1792

2016
4256

2240

2464

2688

2912

3136

3360

3584

3808

4032

4480

4704

4928

5152

5376

5600

5824

6048

6272

6496

6720

6944

7168

7392

7616

7840

8064

8288

8512

8736

8960

9184

9408

9632

9856

10080

10304

10528

10752

10976

12320

12544

12768

12992

13216

11200

11424

11648

11872

12096

13440

13664

13888

14112

14336

14560

14784

15008

15232

15456

15680

15904

16128

16352

16576

16800

17024

17248

17472

17696

17920

18144

18368

18592

18816

19040

19264

19488

19712

19936

20160

20384

20608

20832

21056

21280

21504

21728

21952

22176

10

22400

22624

22848

23072

23296

23520

23744

23968

24192

24416

11

24640

24864

25088

25312

25536

25760

25984

26208

26432

26656

12

26880

27104

27328

27552

27776

28000

28224

28448

28672

28896

13

29120

29344

29568

29792

30016

30240

30464

30688

30912

31136

14

31360

31584

31808

32032

32256

32480

32704

32928

33152

33376

IS

33600

33824

34048

34272

34496

34720

34944

35168

35392

35616

16

35840

36064

36288

36512

36736

36960

37184

37408

37632

37856

17

38080

38304

38528

38752

38976

39200

39424

39648

39872

40096

18

40320

40544

40768

40992

41216

41440

41664

41888

42112

42336

19

42560

42784

43008

43232

43456

43680

43904

44128

44352

44576
46816

20

44800

45024

45248

45472

45696

45920

46144

46368

46592

21

47040

47264

47488

47712

47936

48160

48384

48608

48832

49056

22

49280

49504

49728

49952

50176

50400

50624

50848

51072

51296

23

51520

51744

51968

52192

52416

52640

52864

53088

53312

53536

24

53760

53984

54208

54432

54656

54880

55104

55328

55552

55776
58016

25

56000

56224

56448

56672

56896

57120

57344

57568

57792

26

58240

58464

58688

58912

59136

59360

59584

59808

60032

60256

27

60480

60704

60928

61152

61376

61600

61824

62048

62272

62496

28

62720

62944

63168

63392

63616

63840

64064

64288

64512

64736

29

64960

65184

65408

65632

65856

66080

66304

66528

66752

66976

30

67200

67424

67648

67872

68096

68320

68544

68768

68992

69216

31

69440

69664

69888

70112

70336

70560

70784

71008

71232

71456

32

71680

71904

72128

72352

72576

72800

73024

73248

73472

73696

33

73920

74144

74368

74592

74816

75040

75264

75488

75712

75936

34

76160

76384

76608

76832

77056

77280

77504

77728

77952

78176

79744

79968

80192

80416

35

78400

78624

36

80640

80864

79072

79296

79520

81088

81312

81536

81760

81984

82208

82432

82656

83552

83776

84000

84224

84448

84672

84896

78848

37

82880

83104

83328

38

85120

85344

85568

85792

86016

86240

86464

86688

86912

87136

39

87360

87584

87808

88032

88256

88480

88704

88928

89152

89376

91392

91616

40

89600

89824

90048

90272

90496

90720

90944

91168

41

91840

92064

92288

92512

92736

92960

93184

93408

93632

93856

94752

94976

95200

95424

95648

95872

96096

42

94080

94304

94528

43

96320

96544

96768

96992

97216

97440

97664

97888

98112

98336

44

98560

98784

99008

99232

99456

99680

99904

100128

100352

100576

45

100800

101024

101248

101472

101696

101920

102144

102368

102592

102816
105056

46

103040

103264

103488

103712

103936

104160

104384

104608

104832

105952

106176

106400

106624

106848

107072

107296
109536

47

105280

105504

105728

48

107520

107744

107968

108192

108416

108640

108864

109088

109312

49

109760

109984

110208

110432

110656

110880

111104

111328

111552

111776

113120

113344

113568

113792

114016

50

112000

112224

112448

112672

112896

Appendix IV
Appendixes

439

TONS PER SQUARE INCH T O POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH

(continued)

0-4

0-5

0-6

0-7

08

0-9

lb.

lb.

lb.

lb.

lb.

lb.

lb.

lb.

lb.

lb.

51

114240

114464

114688

114912

115136

115360

115584

115808

116032

116256
118496

0-1

0-2

0-3

Tons

52

116480

116704

116928

117152

117376

117600

117824

118048

118272

53

118720

118944

119168

119392

119616

119840

120064

120288

120512

120736

54

120960

121184

121408

121632

121856

122080

122304

122528

122752

122976

55

123200

123424

123648

123872

124096

124320

124544

124768

124992

125216

56

125440

125664

125888

126112

126336

126560

126784

127008

127232

127456

57

127680

127904

128128

128352

128576

128800

129024

129248

129472

129696

58

129920

130144

130368

130592

130816

131040

131264

131488

131712

131936

59

132160

132384

132608

132832

133056

133280

133504

133728

133952

134176

60

134400

134642

134848

135072

135296

135520

135744

135968

136192

136416

61

136640

136864

137088

137312

137536

137760

137984

138208

138432

138656

62

138880

139104

139328

139552

139776

140000

140224

140448

140672

140896

63

141120

141344

141568

141792

142016

142240

142464

142688

142912

143136

64

143360

143584

143808

144032

144256

144480

144704

144928

145152

145376

65

145600

145824

146048

146272

146496

146720

146944

147168

147392

147616

66

147840

148064

148288

148512

148736

148960

149184

149408

149632

149856

67

150080

150304

150528

150752

150976

151200

151424

151648

151872

152096

68

152320

152544

152768

152992

153216

153440

153664

153888

154112

154336

69

154560

154784

155008

155232

155456

155680

155904

156128

156352

156576

70

156800

157024

157248

157472

157696

157920

158144

158368

158592

158816

160160

160832

161056

163072

163296
165536

71

159040

159264

159488

159712

159936

160384

160608

72

161280

161504

161728

161952

162176

162400

162624

162848

73

163520

163744

163968

164192

164416

164640

164864

165088

165312

74

165760

165984

166208

166432

166656

166880

167104

167328

167552

167776

75

168000

168224

168448

168672

168896

169120

169344

169568

169792

170016

76

170240

170464

170688

170912

171136

171360

171584

171808

172032

172256

77

172480

172704

172928

173152

173376

173600

173824

174048

174272

174496

78

174720

174944

175168

175392

175616

175840

176064

176288

176512

176736

79

176960

177184

177408

177632

177856

178080

178304

178528

178752

178976

80

179200

179424

179648

179872

180096

180320

180544

180768

180992

181216

81

181440

181664

181888

182112

182336

182560

182784

183008

183232

183456

82

183680

183904

184128

184352

184576

184800

185024

185248

185472

185696

83

185920

186144

186368

186592

186816

187040

187264

187488

187712

187936

84

188160

188384

188608

188832

189056

189280

189504

189728

189952

190176

85

190400

190624

190848

191072

191296

191520

191744

191968

192192

192416

86

192640

192864

193088

193312

193536

193760

193984

194208

194432

194656

87

194880

195104

195328

195552

195776

196000

196224

196448

196672

196896

88

197120

197344

197568

197792

198016

198240

198464

198688

198912

199136

89

199360

199584

199808

200032

200256

200480

200704

200928

201152

201376

90

201600

201824

202048

202272

202496

202720

202944

203168

203392

203616

91

203840

204064

204288

204512

204736

204960

205184

205408

205632

205856

92

206080

206304

206528

206752

206976

207200

207424

207648

207872

208096

93

208320

208544

208768

208992

209216

209440

209664

209888

210112

210336

94

210560

210784

211008

211232

211456

211680

211904

212128

212352

212576

95

212800

213024

213248

213472

213696

213920

214144

214368

214592

214816

96

215040

215264

215488

215712

215936

216160

216384

216608

216832

217056

97

217280

217504

217728

217952

218176

218400

218624

218848

219072

219296

98

219520

219744

219968

220192

220416

220640

220864

221088

221312

221536

99

221760

221984

222208

222432

222656

222880

223104

223328

223552

223776

100

224000

Appendix V
Appendixes

440

TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLE

459-4

to

0 to

100 to 1000

99

-273

-459-4

-17-8

32

10-0

50

122-0

38

100

212

260

500

932

-268

-450

-17-2

33-8

10-6

51

123-8

43

110

230

266

510

950

-262

-440

-16-7

35-6

11-1

52

125-6

49

120

248

271

520

968

-257

-430

-16-1

37-4

11-7

53

127-4

54

130

266

277

530

986

-251

-420

-15-6

39-2

12-2

54

129-2

60

140

284

282

540

1004

-246

-410

-ISO

41-0

12-8

55

131-0

66

150

302

288

550

1022

-240

-400

-14-4

42-8

13-3

56

132-8

71

160

320

293

560

1040

-234

-390

-13-9

44-6

13-9

57

134-6

77

170

338

299

570

1058

-229

-380

-13-3

46-4

14-4

58

136-4

82

180

356

304

580

1076

-223

-370

-12-8

48-2

15-0

59

138-2

190

374

310

590

1094
1112

-218

-360

-12-2

10

500

15-6

60

1400

93

200

392

316

600

-212

-350

-11-7

11

51-8

16-1

61

141-8

99

210

410

321

610

1130

-207

-340

-11-1

12

53-6

16-7

62

143-6

100

212

413-6

327

620

1148

-201

-330

-10-6

13

55-4

17-2

63

145-4

104

220

428

332

630

1166

-196

-320

-100

14

57-2

17-8

64

147-2

110

230

446

338

640

1184

-190

-310

9-4

IS

590

18-3

65

1490

116

240

464

343

650

1202

-184

-300

8-9

16

60-8

18-9

66

150-8

121

250

482

349

660

1220

-179

-290

8-3

17

62-6

19-4

67

152-6

127

260

500

354

670

1238

-173

-280

7-8

18

64-4

20-0

68

154-4

132

270

518

360

680

1256

-169

-273

-459-4

7-2

19

66-2

20-6

69

156-2

138

280

536

366

690

1274

-168

-270

-454

6-7

20

68-0

21-1

70

1580

143

290

554

371

700

1292

-162

-260

-436

6-1

21

69-8

21-7

71

159-8

149

300

572

377

710

1310

-157

-250

-418

5-6

22

71-6

22-2

72

161-6

154

310

590

382

720

1328

-151

-240

--40Q

5-0

23

73-4

22-8

73

163-4

160

320

608

388

730

1346

-146

-230

-382

4-4

24

75-2

23-3

74

165-2

166

330

626

393

740

1364

-140

-220

-364

3-9

25

770

23-9

75

167-0

171

340

644

399

750

1382

-134

-210

-346

3-3

26

78-8

24-4

76

168-8

177

350

662

404

760

1400

-129

-200

-328

-2-8

27

80-6

25-0

77

170-6

182

360

680

410

770

1418

-123

-190

-310

-2-2

28

82-4

25-6

78

172-4

188

370

698

416

780

1436

-118

-180

-292

1-7

29

84-2

26-1

79

174-2

193

380

716

421

790

1454

-112

-170

-274

30

86-0

26-7

80

176-0

199

390

734

427

800

1472

-107

-160

-256

0-6

31

87-8

27-2

81

177-8

204

400

752

432

810

1490

-101

-150

-238

32

89-6

27-8

82

179-6

210

410

770

438

820

1508

96

-140

-220

0-6

33

91-4

28-3

83

181-4

216

420

788

443

830

1526

90

-130

-202

1-1

34

93-2

28-9

84

183-2

221

430

806

449

840

1544

84

-120

-184

1-7

35

-95-0

29-4

85

185-0

227

440

824

454

850

1562

79

-110

-166

2-2

36

96-8

30-0

86

186-8

232

450

842

460

860

1580

73

-100

-148

2-8

37

98*6

30-6

87

188-6

238

460

860

466

870

1598

68

-130

2-2

38

100-4

31-1

88

190-4

243

470

878

471

880

1616

62

-112

3-9

39

102-2

31-7

89

192-2

249

480

896

477

890

1634

57

94

4-4

40

104-0

32-2

90

194-0

254

490

914

482

900

1652

76

5-0

41

105-8

32-8

91

195-8

488

910

1670

90

70

51

60

46

50

-58

5-6

42

107-6

33-3

92

197-6

493

920

1688

40

40

6-1

43

109-4

33-9

93

199-4

499

930

1706

34

30

-22

6-7

111-2

34-4

94

201-2

504

940

1724

29

20

7-2

45

113-0

35-0

95

203-0

510

950

1742

14

7-8

46

114-8

35-6

96

204-8

516

960

1760

8-3

47

116-6

36-1

97

206-6

521

970

1778

8-9

48

118-4

36-7

98

208-4

527

980

1796

9-4

49

120-2

37-2

99

210-2

532

990

1814

-23
-

17-8

10
0

40

32

Look up reading in middle column. If in degrees Centigrade, read Fahrenheit equivalent in right hand column;
Centigrade equivalent in left hand column.

if in Fahrenheit degrees, read

Appendix V
Appendixes

441

TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLE

1000 to

" \

F
f

2000 to 3000

1990

F
F

" \

F
F

F
F

538

1000

1832

816

1500

2732

1093

2000

3632

1371

2500

4532

543

WW

1850

821

1510

2750

1099

2010

3650

1377

2510

4550

549

W20

1868

827

1520

2768

1104

2020

3668

1382

2520

4568

554

W30

1886

832

1530

2786

1110

2030

3686

1388

2530

4586

560

1040

1904

838

1540

2804

1116

2040

3704

1393

2540

4604
4622

566

WSO

1922

843

1550

2822

1121

2050

3722

1399

2550

571

1060

1940

849

1560

2840

1127

2060

3740

1404

2560

4640

577

1070

1958

854

1570

2858

1132

2070

3758

1410

2570

4658

582

1080

1976

860

1580

2876

1138

2080

3776

1416

2580

4676

588

1090

1994

866

1590

2894

1143

2090

3794

1421

2590

4694

593

1100

2012

871

1600

2912

1149

2100

3812

1427

2600

4712

599

1110

2030

877

1610

2930

1154

2110

3830

1432

2610

4730

604

1120

2048

882

1620

2948

1160

2120

3848

1438

2620

4748

610

1130

2066

888

1630

2966

1166

2130

3866

1443

2630

4766

616

1140

2084

893

1640

2984

1171

2140

3884

1449

2640

4784

621

11 so

2102

899

1650

3002

1177

2150

3902

1454

2650

4802

627

1160

2120

904

1660

3020

1182

2160

3920

1460

2660

4820

632

1170

2138

910

1670

3038

1188

2170

3938

1466

2670

4838

638

1180

2156

916

1680

3056

1193

2180

3956

1471

2680

4856

643

1190

2174

921

1690

3074

1199

2190

3974

1477

2690

4874

649

1200

2192

927

1700

3092

1204

2200

3992

1482

2700

4892

654

1210

2210

932

1710

3110

1210

2210

4010

1488

2710

4910

660

1220

2228

938

1720

3128

1216

2220

4028

1493

2720

4928

666

1230

2246

943

1730

3146

1221

2230

4046

1499

2730

4946

671

1240

2264

949

1740

3164

1227

2240

4064

1504

2740

4964

677

12S0

2282

954

1750

3182

1232

2250

4082

1510

2750

4982

682

1260

2300

960

1760

3200

1238

2260

4100

1516

2760

5000

688

1270

2318

966

1770

3218

1243

2270

4118

1521

2770

5018

693

1280

2336

971

1780

3236

1249

2280

4136

1527

2780

5036

699

1290

2354

977

1790

3254

1254

2290

4154

1532

2790

5054

704

^300

2372

982

1800

3272

1260

2300

4172

1538

2800

5072

710

1310

2390

988

1810

3290

1266

2310

4190

1543

2810

5090

716

1320

2408

993

1820

3308

1271

2320

4208

1549

2820

5108

721

1330

2426

999

1830

3326

1277

2330

4226

1554

2830

5126

727

1340

2444

1004

1840

3344

1282

2340

4244

1560

2840

5144

732

1350

2462

1010

1850

3362

1288

2350

4262

1566

2850

5162

738

1360

2480

1016

1860

3380

1293

2360

4280

1571

2860

5180

743

1370

2498

1021

1870

3398

1299

2370

4298

1577

2870

5198

749

1380

2516

1027

1880

3416

1304

2380

4316

1582

2880

5216

754

1390

2534

1032

1890

3434

1310

2390

4334

1588

2890

5234

760

1400

2552

1038

1900

3452

1316

2400

4352

1593

2900

5252

766

1410

2570

1043

1910

3470

1321

2410

4370

1599

2910

5270

771

1420

2588

1049

1920

3488

1327

2420

4388

1604

2920

5288

777

1430

2606

1054

1930

3506

1332

2420

4406

1610

2930

5306

782

1440

2624

1060

1940

3524

1338

2440

4424

1616

2940

5324

788

1450

2642

1066

1950

3542

1343

2450

4442

1621

2950

5342

793

1460

2660

1071

i960

3560

1349

2460

4460

1627

2960

5360

799

1470

2678

1077

1970

3578

1354

2470

4478

1632

2970

5378

804

1480

2696

1082

1980

3596

1360

2480

4496

1638

2980

5396

810

1490

2714

1088

1990

3614

1366

2490

4514

1643

2990

5414

1649

3000

5432

Appendix VI
Appendixes

442

COMPARISON OF IMPACT VALUES OBTAINED W I T H THE BRITISH

STANDARD IZOD TEST A N D VARIOUS ALTERNATIVE
METHODS OF TESTING
These graphs have been derived from a large number of results, each show two bands. The inner dotted band represents
the area within which 50 per cent of the results may be expected to fall, whilst the wider full band covers approximately
80 per cent of results.
These curves should not be used for comparing o r compiling specifications.

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