Design of Flexural Members in Prestressed Concrete

DesignofFlexuralMembers
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Prestressed ConcreteStructures,Universit deLige,Fall2016

Prestressed ConcreteStructures,Fall2016
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
LoadcombinationsaccordingtoEC1
Quasipermanentcombination(ServiceabilityLimitStatedesign SLS)
Gk =characteristicpermanentload
Qk =characteristicvariableload
P =prestressing
2 =0.3forofficeareas(almostpermanentload)
Designcombination(UltimateLimitStatedesign ULS)

G =1.35,P,fav =1.0,P,unfav =1.2,andQ,1 =Q,2 =1.50(veryrareload)
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Designofflexuralmembers outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Introduction
Choiceofcrosssection
Tendonlayouts
Prestressing strategies
Stresschecks
Designforstrengthandductility
Deflectionchecks
Designprocess
blackboard
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
1.Introduction
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Introductiontodesign(1)
Limitstatesthatneedtobeconsideredindesign:
Measures
Usuallyweprescribe:
Collins&Mitchel,Prestressed ConcreteStructures,ResponsePublications,Canada,1997
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Introductiontodesign(2)
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
2.Choiceofcrosssection
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
General
Thechoiceofcrosssectionshapeanddepthisnormallybasedonpastexperience
anddependsverymuchonthespanL ofthemember.
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Typicalsectionsfordeckelements
Voidedslabs
(L~15m)
ergon
Latticeplankfloors
DoubleTsection(2Tsection,L~2324m)
castinplaceconcrete
precastpretensionedlatticeplank
ergon
Oeterbeton
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Choiceofstandarddecksections
ergon
ergontechnical
catalogue
Butwhomakesthe
catalogues?
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Spanandloadrangesforstandardpretensioned
deckelements
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Spantodepthratiosasafunctionoftheloadmagnitude
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Typicalbeam/girdersections
L15m
L37m
L43m
L14m
ergon
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Typicalgirdersections
L39m
L49m
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Sectionsforheavilyloadedgirders
UandI sections
Compositesteel prestressed concretesections
Boxsections
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
I sections
Usuallyprecastpretensionedand/ororposttensioned
Usedbothinbridgesandbuildings
Simplespanstypicallyupto50mbutcanbesplicedonsitetoreachupto90m
cast in place
top flange
web
thick web
at supports
strands
bottom flange
Widetopflangetoresistthetensiondue
toprestress andcompressiondueto
externalloads;alsoprovideslateral
torsionalstability
Thinweb toreducetheselfweight;
usuallythickenedatthesupportstoresist
themaximumshearforces.
Bottomflange largeenoughto
accommodatetheprestressing
reinforcementandtoresistthe
compressionduetoprestressing.
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Webthicknessofposttensionedsections
tendons
(ducts)
AdaptedfromMenn,C.,Prestressed ConcreteBridges
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Boxsections
Usuallyposttensioned,castinplaceorprecast
Usedmainlyinbridges
Longestspansofaris330m
Stiffintorsion
Equallyeffectiveforpositiveandnegative
moments
Moredurableduetosmallertemperature
variationsinsidetheboxandsmallersurface
areaexposedtoenvironment
Easytoinspectbywalkinginsidethebox
Aestheticallypleasing,especiallyforcurved
bridges.
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Longestboxgirderbridge
Shibanpo bridgeinChongqingovertheYangtzeriverinChina,builtin2006
3.3m
8m
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
3.Tendonlayouts
3.1.Pretensionedmembers
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Choiceoftendonshape
Pretensionedmembersareusuallysimplysupported.
Inshallowmemberssuchasfloorpanelsthetendonsareusuallystraight:
7wirestrands
Inbeamswecanuseharpedtendons(thoughrare)toreducetoptension:
harping
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Choiceoftendoneccentricitye atcriticalsections
contributeto
shearresistance
harping
partiallyunbonded strandsbyusingtubes
aroundthestrands(max50%ofAp is
unbonded) verycommonsolution
Typicallywetrytomaximizee atthecriticalsectioninordertomaximizethe
leverarmoftheinternalforcesatULS:
dg maximumdiameterofcourse
aggregateintheconcrete(usually
22,28,or32mm)
nominalstranddiameter
c concretecover
strand
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
3.Tendonlayouts
3.2.Posttensionedmembers later!
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
4.Prestressing strategies
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Problemstatement
criticalsection
Howtodeterminetheareaoftheprestressing reinforcementAp andnon

prestressing reinforcementAs1?Whatcriteriashouldweuse?
Ap andAs1 willdependonhowwewantourstructuretobehaveunderdifferent
loadingscenarios.
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
4.1Underdesignloads(ULS):sufficientresistance
Criticalsection:
bendingmomentduetofactoredloads
factoredmomentresistance
Thisinequalityshouldbeascloseaspossibleatthecriticalsectionsinorderto
haveeconomicaldesign.
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
4.2Underserviceload(SLS)
4.2.1Fullprestressing strategy
Ap isdeterminedtoeliminatecrackingunderserviceload:
marginofsafetyprovidedbypartial
factorsforthematerials
partial
factors
forthe
loads
obtainedwithcharacteristic
materialproperties
+Verydurable
UsuallyrequiresmoreAp thanneededforstrength(uneconomical)
Crackingcans lloccurduetorestraineddeforma onsAs1 isstillnecessary
Maydeveloplargecamber
+Easytocheckdeflectionsasthestructureisinthelinearelasticrangeunderserviceload
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
4.2.2Partialprestressing strategy
Ap isdeterminedtoeliminatecrackingunderpermanentload thewidthofthe
cracksunderserviceloadmustbecontrolled:
marginofsafetyprovidedbypartial
factorsforthematerials
obtainedwithcharacteristic
materialproperties
+Ap lessthanneededforstrength(economical)
+As1 providedforstrengthalsoprovidesgoodcrackcontrol
Maydeveloplargedeflectionsunderserviceloads
Deflectionsmustbecheckedusingcrackedstiffness
Crackwidthchecksunderserviceloads
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
4.2.3RecommendationsofEC2
Recommendedcrackcontrolforprestressed memberswithbondedtendons
accordingtotheEC2:
ExposureClass
X0,XC1
XC2,XC3,XC4
XD1,XD2,XS1,XS2,
XS3
LoadCombination
Frequent
QuasiPermanent
wmax =0.2mm
wmax =0.2mm
decompression
decompression
Decompression:allpartsofthetendonorductlieatleast25mmwithin
concreteincompression.
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
3.Tendonlayouts
3.2.Posttensionedmembers
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Mainprinciples
Centroidal Axis(C.A.)
criticalsection
(tendon=n strands)
(nonprestressing
reinforcement)
parabolic
duct
Tendonshouldfollowthepredominantbendingmomentdiagram
Theeccentricitye shouldbemaximizedinthecriticalsections
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Howtoestimatetheeccentricitye?
eccentricityoftendonintheduct
ductdiameter
stirrupdiameter~620mm
concretecovertothestirrups~30mm
Ifthereareseveralducts:
possibleonlyif
tendonsarestraight
(Why?)
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Duct(sheath)diameterandeccentricityoftendonintheduct
AdaptedfromCollins,M.P.,Mitchell,D.,Prestressed ConcreteStructures
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Propertiesofparabola
R radiusof
curvature
drapeofparabola
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Continuousbeams
3parabolas
Constructtheparabolassuchthat:
Ri Rmin
Nokinks atthetransitionpointsbetweentheparabolas(impose
equalslopesonbothsidesofthetransitionpoint)
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
RecommendedminimumradiiofcurvatureRmin
AdaptedfromCollins,M.P.,Mitchell,D.,Prestressed ConcreteStructures
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Designofsmoothparabolas(1)
choseninadvance
alreadydiscussed
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Closedformexpressionsforparabolictendons
Externalspans
e0
e0
C.A.
1e0
+e i (x)
(1--1)L
1L
function e1(x)
e2(x)
e3(x)
2
2
2
3
1
2
1
1
1
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Closedformexpressionsforparabolictendons
Internalspans
e0
+ei (x)
2e0
2 L
(0.5-2)L
e4(x)
e0
C.A.
(0.5-2)L
2 L
e5(x)
e4(x)
e5(x)
L
0.5L
0.5
2
4
2 1
2
2
0.5
4
0.5
2 1
0.5
2
2
2
2
2
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Tendonlayoutsinlongstructures (1)
Construction
singlecast
construction
jointwhereM0
Solution1:
stressinganchor
Solution2:
Solution3:
singlecontinuoustendon
stressinganchor+coupler
anchor
stressinganchor
Solution1:
Verylargefrictionlossesandlargeformwork
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Construction
singlecast
construction
jointwhereM0
Solution1:
stressinganchor
Solution2:
Solution3:
anchor
stressinganchor
Solution2:
+Permanentanchorsonlyattheends
+Agooduniformdistributionofthecouplersalongthelengthofthemember
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Construction
singlecast
construction
jointwhereM0
Solution1:
stressinganchor
Solution2:
Solution3:
anchor
stressinganchor
Solution3:
+EasytovaryAp fromspantospan
+Morereinforcementabovethesupportswhereitisneeded
+Lessfrictionlossesduetotheshortlengthoftendons
Anchorsatthesamesec onconges onandstressconcentration
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov
Prof.Boyan Mihaylov

Design of Flexural Members in Prestressed Concrete

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Design of Flexural Members in Prestressed Concrete

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DesignofFlexuralMembers

Prestressed ConcreteStructures,Universit deLige,Fall2016

G =1.35,P,fav =1.0,P,unfav =1.2,andQ,1 =Q,2 =1.50(veryrareload)

Howtodeterminetheareaoftheprestressing reinforcementAp andnon

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