Lecture 10

M
t Di t ib ti M th d
MomentDistributionMethod
FRAMES
StructuralAnalysis
By
A l K i li
AslamKassimali
TheoryofStructuresII
g
Engr.ShahzadSaleem
DepartmentofCivilEngineering
UniversityofEngineering&Technology,Taxila
AnalysisofFramesWithoutSidesway
The procedure for the analysis of frames without sidesway is
similar to that for the analysis of continuous beam.
Unlike the continuous beams, more than two members may be
connected to a joint of a frame.
Example1
Determine the member end moments and reactions for the frame
shown by the momentdistribution method.
2k/ft
C
I=1,600in4
E
D
I=1,600in4
I=800in4
I=800in4
10ft
40k
10 ft
10ft
A
B
E=29,000ksi
,
30ft
30ft
3
Solution
1.Distribution Factors
Distribution Factors at Joint C,
800
20
= 0.429
DFCA =
800 1600
20 30
1600
30
= 0.571
DFCD =
800 1600
20 30
DFCA + DFCD = 0.429 + 0.571 = 1 Checks

4
Distribution Factors at Joint D,

800
20
DFDB =
= 0.3
800
1600
3
1600
+
+
20 30 4 30
1600
30
DFDC =
= 0.4
800 1600 3 1600
+
+
20 30 4 30
3 1600

4 30
= 0.3
DFDE =
800 1600 3 1600
+
+
20 30 4 30
DFDB + DFDE + DFDC = 2(0.3) + 0.4 = 1 Checks

5
Distribution Factors at Joint E,

DFED = 1
2.FixedEnd Moments (FEMs)

FEMAC = +100 k ft
FEMCA = 100k ft
FEMBD = FEMDB = 0
FEMCD = FEMDE = +150k ft
FEMDC = FEMED = 150k ft
3.Moment Distribution
4.Final Moments
6
Carryover
MemberEnds
AC
DistributionFactors
1.FixedendMoments
2.BalanceJoints
3.Carryover
4.BalanceJoints
5.Carryover
6B l
6.BalanceJoints
J i
7.Carryover
8.BalanceJoints
CA
0.429 0.571
+100
100
10.7
DB
DE
ED
0.4
0.3
0.3
150
+150
BD
150
+150
14.3
24.3
+75
18.2 18.2
12.2
+5.2
9.1
+7
+2.6
+3.5
1.4
1.1 1.1
0 7
0.7
10.BalanceJoints
12.BalanceJoints
13.FinalMoments
+150
DC
21.4 28.6
9C
9.Carryover
11.Carryover
CD
+0.3
0.6
+0.4
+0.2
+0.2
0.1
+92.1
115.9 +115.9
0.1
0.1
186.4 19.4 +205.6
9.7
2k/ft
2k/ft
C
115.9
205 6
205.6
186.4
115.9
19.4
40k
92.1
9.7
AnalysisofFramesWithSidesway
Consider the rectangular frame shown in Figure.
P
A
EI=constant
A qualitative deflected shape of the frame for an arbitrary loading

is shown in the figure using an exaggerated scale.
9
While the fixed joints A and B of the frame are completely

restrained against rotation as well as translation, the joints C and D
are free to rotate and translate.
P
A
ActualFrame
Since the members of the frame are assumed to be inextensible

and the deformations are assumed to be small, the joints C and D
displace by the same amount ,
in the horizontal direction only.
only
10
The MD analysis of such a frame, with sidesway, is carried out in

two parts.
In the first part, the sidesway of the frame is prevented by adding
an imaginary roller to the structure.
w
C
Frame with sidesway prevented

Framewithsideswayprevented
P
A
External loads are then applied to this frame, and MEM are
computed
d by
b applying
l
the
h MD process in the
h usuall manner.
11
With the MEM known, the restraining force (reaction) R that

develops at the imaginary support is evaluated by applying the
equations of equilibrium.
w
C
D
R
Imaginaryroller
P
A
Frame with sidesway prevented

B Framewithsideswayprevented
In the second part of the analysis, the frame is subjected to the

force R, which is applied in the opposite direction, as shown in the
next slide.
slide
12
C
D
Frame subjected to R
FramesubjectedtoR
The moments that develop at the member ends are determined

and superimposed on the moments computed in the first part to
obtain the member end moments in the actual frame.
If M, MO, and MR denote, respectively, the MEM in the actual
frame, the frame with sidesway prevented, and the frame
subjected to R,
R then we can write
M = MO + MR
13
M = MO + MR
P
A
w
C
M Moments
P
A
MO Moments
MR Moments
B
14
An important question that arises in the second part is how to

determine the member end moments MR that develop when the
frame undergoes sidesway under the action of R.
The MDM cannot be used directly to compute the moments due to
the known lateral load R,
R we employ an indirect approach in which
the frame is subjected to an arbitrary known joint translation
caused byy an unknown load Q actingg at the location and in the
direction of R.
From the known joint translation, , we determine the relative
translation between the ends of each member, and we calculate
the member FEMs in the same manner as done previously in the
case of support settlements.
15
C
D
Q
Framesubjectedtoanarbitrary
Translation
MQ Moments
16
The FEMs thus obtained are distributed by the MD process to

determine the MEMs MQ caused by the yetunknown load Q.
Once the MEMs MQ have been determined, the magnitude of Q
can be evaluated by the application of equilibrium equations.
With the load Q and the corresponding moments MQ known, the
desired moments MR due to the lateral load R can now be
determined easily by multiplying MQ by the ratio R/Q; that is
R
MR = MQ
Q
By substituting this Equation into the last Equation,

Equation we can express
the MEMs in the actual frame as
R
M = MO + MQ
Q
17
Example2
40kN
C
5m
7m
7m
B
A
EI=constant
3m
3m
4m
4m
18
Solution
40kN
C
Distribution Factors
At joint C
5m
7m
DFCA = DFCD = 7 = 0.5

2 I7
( )
B
A
EI=constant
3m
At joint D
4m
7
= 0.417
I + I
7
5
I
5
DFDB =
= 0.583
I + I
7
5
DFDC =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
DFDC + DFDB = 0.417 + 0.583 = 1 Checks
19
Part 1: Sidesway Prevented

The sidesway of frame is prevented by adding an imaginary roller
at joint C.
40kN
C
R
Imaginary Roller
ImaginaryRoller
Framewithsidesway
prevented
B
A
Assuming that joint C and D of this frame are clamped against

rotation, we calculate the FEMs due to the external loads to be
FEMCD = +39.2 kN . m
FEMDC = 29.4 kN . m
FEMAC = FEMCA = FEMBD = FEMDB = 0
20
The MD of these FEMs is then performed, as shown on the MD

Table to determine the MEMs MO in the frame with sidesway
prevented.
AC
9.8
CA
CD
DC
DB
0.5
0.5
0.417
0.583
+39.2
29.4
19.6 19.6
+6.2
+12.3 +17.1
9.8
+8.6
3.1
3.1
+2.1
+4.1
1.6
+5.7
+2.9
1.1
+0.4
+0.7
0.6
+0.9
0.2
+0.3
+0.3
+23 9
+23.9
24
24
+24
1.6
1.1
0.6
0.2
12
12
BD
24
24
+0.5
+12
MemberEndMomentsforFramewithSideswayPrevented MO
21
To evaluate the restraining force R that develops at the imaginary

roller support, we first calculate the shears at the lower ends of the
columns AC and BD by considering the moment equilibrium of the
free bodies of the columns.
columns
24
24
5.14
7.2
7.2
5m
7m
5.14
12
12
22
Next, by considering the equilibrium of the horizontal forces acting

on the entire frame, we determine the restraining force R to be
C
R=2.06
B
A
7.2
5.14
+ Fx = 0 R + 5.14 7.2 = 0 R = 2.06 kN
Restraining force acts to the right, indicating that if the roller would
not have been in place, the frame would have swayed to the left.
23
Part 2: Sidesway Permitted

Since the actual frame is not supported by a roller at joint C, we
neutralize the effect of the restraining force by applying a lateral
l d R = 2.06
load
2 06 kN in
i the
th opposite
it direction
di ti to
t the
th frame.
f
C
R=2.06kN
D
FramesubjectedtoR=2.06kN
Frame
subjected to R = 2 06 kN
MR Moments
B
A
MD method cannot be used directly to compute MEMs MR due to the

lateral load R = 2.06 kN, we use an indirect approach in which the
frame is subjected to an arbitrary known joint translation
caused
by an unknown load Q acting at the location in the direction of R.
24
D
FramesubjectedtoanArbitrary
Frame
subjected to an Arbitrary
Translation
MQ Moments
B
A
Assuming that the joints C and D of the frame are clamped against
rotation as shown in figure on next slide, FEMs due to the
translation are given by
6EI' 6EI'
=
2
49
(7)
6EI' 6EI'
FEMBD = FEMDB =
=
2
25
(5)
FEMCD = FEMDC = 0
FEMAC = FEMCA =
25
In which negative sign have been assign to the FEMs for the
columns, because these moments must act in the clockwise
direction, as shown.
FEMsduetoKnownTranslation
B
A
Instead of arbitrarily assuming a numerical value for to compute

the FEMs, it is usually more convenient to assume a numerical
value for one of the FEMs,
FEMs evaluate
from the expression of that
FEM, and use the value of to compute the remaining FEMs. 26
Thus, we arbitrarily assume the FEMAC to be 50 kN.m

FEMAC
6EI'
= FEMCA =
= 50kN.m
49
by solving for , we obtain

'=
=
408.33
EI
by substituting this value of into the expressions for FEMBD and

FEMDB, we determine the consistent values of these moments to
be
6(408.33)
FEMBD = FEMDB =
25
= 98kN.m
These FEMs are then distributed by the usual MD process, to

determine the MEMs MQ caused by the yet unknown load Q.
27
AC
50
CA
CD
DC
DB
0.5
0.5
0.417
0.583
50
25
+25
+28.6
10.3 10.3
2.6
5.2
5.2
7.3
3.7
+1.3
+1.3
+1.1
+2.2
+0.7
+3
0.6
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
+0.1
+0.1
+0.2
+34.3
+45.4 45.4
+0.7
0.6
0.3
03
+0.1
42.3
+25
25
+20.5
98
+40.9
40.9 +57.1
+12.5
+12.5
5.2
98
BD
34.5
+1.5
0.2
02
71.8
MemberEndMomentsDuetoKnownTranslation MQ
28
To evaluate the magnitude of Q that corresponds to these MEMs,

we first calculate shears at the lower ends of the columns by
considering their moment equilibrium and then apply the equation
of equilibrium in the horizontal direction to the entire frame
34.5
C
45.4
10.97
23.44
Q=34.41
5m
7m
B
A
10.97
42.3
23.44
71.8
23.44
10.97
+ Fx = 0 Q + 10.97 + 23.44 = 0Q = 34.41kN
29
which indicates that the moments MQ computed are caused by a

lateral load Q = 34.41 kN.
Since the moments are linearly proportional to the magnitude of
the load, the desired moment MR due to the lateral load R = 2.06
kN must be equal to the moment MQ multiplied by the ratio R/Q =
2.06/34.41.
Actual Member End Moments
The actual MEMs , M, can now be determined by algebraically
summing the MEMs MO and 2.06/34.41 times the MEMs MQ.
30
R
M = MO + MQ
Q
2.06
( 42.3) = 14.5 kN .m ANS
MAC = 12 +
34.41
2.06
( 34.5) = 26.1 kN . m ANS
MCA = 24 +
34.41
2.06
(34.3) = 26kN.mANS
MCD = 23.9 +
34.41
2.06
MDC = 24 +
(45.4 ) = 21.3kN.mANS
34.41
2.06
MDB = 24 +
( 45.4 ) = 21.3kN.mANS
34.41
2.06
MBD = 12 +
( 71.8 ) = 7.7kN.mANS
34.41
31
40kN
C
D
21.3
26.1
26.1
C
21.3
D
B
A
7.7
14.5
ActualMemberEndMoments(kN.m)
32
Example3
30k
12ft
16ft
B
A
12ft
20ft
8ft
EI=constant
33
Solution
At joint C
30k
I
DFCA = DFCD = 20 = 0.5
I
2
20
C
12ft
16ft
B
A
12ft
20ft
EI=constant
8ft
34
Solution
At joint D
3 I

4 14.42
DFDB =
= 0.51
I 3 I
+
20 4 14.42
I
20
DFDC =
= 0.49
I 3 I
+
20 4 14.42
30k
12ft
16ft
B
A
12ft
20ft
EI=constant
8ft
35
MEMsduetoanArbitrarySidesway
Since no external loads are applied to the members of the frame,
the MEMs MO in the frame restrained against sidesway will be
zero.
To determine the MEMs M due to the 30k lateral load, we subject
the frame to an arbitrary known horizontal translation at joint C.
C
Figure on the
Fi
th nextt slide
lid shows
h
a qualitative
lit ti deflected
d fl t d shape
h
off the
th
frame with all joints clamped against rotation and subjected to the
horizontal displacement
at joint C.
36
13
D
D
5
13
D1
3
'
4
3
3
2
'
3
D1
13
3
2
FEMsduetoanArbitraryTranslation
37
Note that, since the frame members are assumed to be
inextensible and deformations are assumed to be small, an end of
a member can translate only in a direction perpendicular to the
member.
member
From this figure,
figure we can see that the relative translation AC
between the ends of members AC in the direction perpendicular to
the member can be expressed in terms of the joint translation
as
5
AC = CC ' = ' = 1.25'
4
38
Similarly, the relative translation for members CD and BD are given
by
2
3
CD = D1D' = '+ ' = 1.417'
3
4
13
BD = DD' =
' = 1.202'
3
The FEMs due to the relative translation are

6EI (1.25')
(20)2
6EI (1.417')
FEMCD = FEMDC =
(20)2
6EI (1.202')
FEMBD = FEMDB =
(14.42)2
FEMAC = FEMCA =
39
in which the FEMs for members AC and BD are CCW (positive),
whereas those for member CD are CW (negative).
If we arbitrarily assume that
6EI (1.202')
FEMBD = FEMDB =
= 100 k ft
f
2
(14.42)
then
EI'= 2883.2
and therefore
FEMAC = FEMCA = 54.1 k ft
FEMCD = FEMDC = 61.3k ft
40
The FEMs are distributed by the MD process to determine the

MEMs MQ.
To determine the magnitude of the load Q that corresponds to the
MEMs MQ we first calculate the shears at the ends of the girder CD
by considering the moment equilibrium of the free body of the
girder as shown.
C
D
55.2
56.4
5.58
5.58
5.58
5.58
56.5
11.17
55.2
8.32
8.32
11.17
55.3
5.58
EvaluationofQ
5.58
41
MDTABLE
AC
CA
CD
DC
DB
BD
0.5
0.5
0.49
0.51
+54.1 61.3
61.3
+100
+100
3.6
+3.6
+3.6
3.6
9.5
19
19
+1.8
19.7
19.7
50
100
100
+4.8
+4.8
+11.8
+23.6 +24.6
+2.4
5.9
5.9
0.6
1.2
3
1.2
+0.3
+0.3
+0.8
+1.5
+0.2
+1.5
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
+55.3
01
+0.1
0 1 +0.1
55.2 +55.2
+54.1
+1.8
+2.4
3
+0.2
02
+56.5 56.4
MemberEndMomentsDuetoKnownTranslation MQ
42
The girder shears (5.58 k) thus obtained are then applied to the
free bodies of the inclined members AC and BD.
Next, we apply the equations of moment equilibrium to members
AC and BD to calculate the horizontal forces at the lower ends of
these members.
members
C
8.32
11.17
EvaluationofQ
43
The magnitude of Q can now be determined by considering the

equilibrium of horizontal forces acting on the entire frame as
shown below
+ Fx = 0Q 11.17 8.32 = 0Q = 19.49k
Q=19.49k
8.32
11.17
EvaluationofQ
44
ActualMEMs
The actual MEMs, M, due to the 30k lateral load can now be
evaluated by multiplying the moments MQ computed in Table by
th ratio
the
ti 30/Q=30/19.49:
30/Q 30/19 49
M AC
30
(55.3) = 85.1 k - ft
=
19.49
ANS
M CA
30
(56.5) = 87 k - ft
=
19.49
ANS
M CD
30
( 56.4) = 86.8 k - ft
=
19.49
ANS
M DC
30
( 55.2) = 85 k - ft
=
19.49
ANS
M DB
30
(55.2) = 85 k - ft
=
19.49
ANS
M BD = 0
ANS
45
Member End Forces

8.59
8.59
30k
D
12.8
17.2
12.8
D
85
86.8
8.59
12.8
8.59
8.59
8.59
8.59
8.59
87
85
12.8
17.2
12.8
A
17.2
85.1
8.59
8.59
EvaluationofQ
46
Support Reactions
30k
B
A
12.8k
17.2k
85.1kft
8.59k
8.59k
47
Assignment#5
SolvealltheexamplesofMomentDistributionMethodin
StructuralAnalysisbyHibbeler bythemethodologythatisadoptedintheclasslectures.
SubmissionDate:
ForothercasesfollowExamples17.1to17.10inMomentDistributionMethodNotesby
A l K i li
AslamKassimali.
48

Lecture 10

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M

DFCA + DFCD = 0.429 + 0.571 = 1 Checks

Distribution Factors at Joint D,

DFDB + DFDE + DFDC = 2(0.3) + 0.4 = 1 Checks

Distribution Factors at Joint E,

2.FixedEnd Moments (FEMs)

186.4 19.4 +205.6

A qualitative deflected shape of the frame for an arbitrary loading

While the fixed joints A and B of the frame are completely

Since the members of the frame are assumed to be inextensible

The MD analysis of such a frame, with sidesway, is carried out in

Frame with sidesway prevented

With the MEM known, the restraining force (reaction) R that

Frame with sidesway prevented

In the second part of the analysis, the frame is subjected to the

The moments that develop at the member ends are determined

An important question that arises in the second part is how to

The FEMs thus obtained are distributed by the MD process to

By substituting this Equation into the last Equation,

DFCA = DFCD = 7 = 0.5

DFDC + DFDB = 0.417 + 0.583 = 1 Checks

Part 1: Sidesway Prevented

Assuming that joint C and D of this frame are clamped against

The MD of these FEMs is then performed, as shown on the MD

To evaluate the restraining force R that develops at the imaginary

Next, by considering the equilibrium of the horizontal forces acting

+ Fx = 0 R + 5.14 7.2 = 0 R = 2.06 kN

Part 2: Sidesway Permitted

MD method cannot be used directly to compute MEMs MR due to the

Instead of arbitrarily assuming a numerical value for to compute

Thus, we arbitrarily assume the FEMAC to be 50 kN.m

by solving for , we obtain

by substituting this value of into the expressions for FEMBD and

These FEMs are then distributed by the usual MD process, to

To evaluate the magnitude of Q that corresponds to these MEMs,

+ Fx = 0 Q + 10.97 + 23.44 = 0Q = 34.41kN

which indicates that the moments MQ computed are caused by a

The FEMs due to the relative translation are

The FEMs are distributed by the MD process to determine the

The magnitude of Q can now be determined by considering the

Member End Forces

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