Conceptual Design of Buildings

(Course unit code 1C2)

Module B
Design of Steel Members (Part 4)
Rui Simes (University of Coimbra)
F. Dinu (University Politehnica Timisoara
J. F. Demonceau (University of Lige)

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Conceptual Design
of Buildings

Module B Design of Steel Members

List of contents
Desing of beamcolumns:
examples

EXAMPLE 1
Verify the safety of column A-C of a typical industrial building, illustrated in figure, for the
factored design internal forces shown. The column section is an IPE 360 (E = 210 GPa
and G = 81GPa) in S 355 steel. Shear is small enough to be neglected. The structure is
assumed to be a sway frame . So, in accordance with EC3-1-1 the design internal forces
given in the figure were obtained from a second order analysis and the buckling length in
the plane of the framework (plane xz) to be used in the design checks is given by
LE,y = 6.0 m, equal to the real length. For the buckling length in the xy plane, consider that
the column is braced at the bottom, at mid-height and at the top.
My,Ed = 220.0 kNm

N Ed = 280.0 kN

3.0 m
-

6.0 m

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x
z

3.0 m

(y)
A

Bending moment

L29 Design of beam-columns. Examples

Geometric characteristics of
the IPE 360:
A = 72.73 cm2, h = 360 mm,
b = 170 mm, Wel,y = 903.6 cm3,
Wpl,y = 1019 cm3, Iy = 16270 cm4,
iy = 14.95 cm, Wel,z = 122.8 cm3,
Wpl,z = 191.1 cm3, Iz = 1043 cm4,
iz = 3.79 cm, IT = 37.32 cm4 and
IW = 313.6x103 cm6.

Axial force

Conceptual Design
of Buildings

Module B Design of Steel Members

List of contents
Beam-columns:
examples

EXAMPLE 1

The parameter (percentage of web in compression) is obtained based on

the analitical solution for a I section in plane bending + compression (cross
section C):

(
)

)+

9
5
7
.
0

0
1
8

2
3

(
+

0
1
3
6 0
.
1
8
9
2 8

6 0
0 2
1 2
9
1
0
1
4
2
0
8
2

0 0
8 2
2 2

0
1
6
.
8
9
2

)+

d
E

w
w
y 2d
,
l
p E

2d

tw
2
c
t

,
W My
4

NE

0
1
6
.
1 8
9
2
2

,
N EM y
cw

1 cw
2

d
E

0
1
1 6
.
8
9
2
0 0
2 8
2 2

1 2

1 cw

,
E
y
M N

1 2

= +

6
6
.
1
4

7
1
.
6
3

1
9
5
7
.
0
3
1

1
8
.
0
6
5
4

456

1
9
5
7
.
0
3
1

1
6
9 3
3 1

<

1
8
.
0
6
9
3

<

3
.
7
3

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3
.
7
3

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8
6
.
8
9
2

t
c
=

8
6
.
8
9
2

t
c
=

1
6
9 3
3 1

For the web in bending and compression we obtain:,

(not of Class 1)
(Class 2)

Compressed flange,
c t = (170 2 8 2 18) 12.7 = 5.0 < 9 = 9 0.81 = 7.3 .

(Class 1)

Therefore, the section is class 2.

L29 Design of beam-columns. Examples

Conceptual Design
of Buildings

Module B Design of Steel Members

List of contents
Beam-columns:
examples

EXAMPLE 1

ii) Verification of the cross section resistance

Based on the internal force diagrams, section C is the critical cross section,
with My,Ed = -220.0 kNm and NEd = -280.0 kN. Since
N pl , Rd = f y A M 0 = 2581 .9 kN ,

N Ed = 280.0 kN 0.25 N pl , Rd = 645.5 kN ,

and
N Ed = 280.0 kN 0.5 hw t w f y M 0 = 475.1 kN ,
according to clause 6.2.9.1(4) of EC3-1-1 it is not necessary to reduce the
plastic bending resistance, which is therefore given by:

M
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pl , y , Rd

= W pl , y

fy

M0

= 361 .7 kNm > M y , Ed = 220 .0 kNm .

L29 Design of beam-columns. Examples

Conceptual Design
of Buildings

Module B Design of Steel Members

List of contents
Beam-columns:
examples

EXAMPLE 1
Calculation using
Semi-Comp
Member Design

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L29 Design of beam-columns. Examples

Conceptual Design
of Buildings

Module B Design of Steel Members

List of contents
Beam-columns:
examples

EXAMPLE 1
Calculation using Semi-Comp
Member Design

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L29 Design of beam-columns. Examples

Conceptual Design
of Buildings

Module B Design of Steel Members

List of contents
Beam-columns:
examples

EXAMPLE 1

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L29 Design of beam-columns. Examples

Conceptual Design
of Buildings

Module B Design of Steel Members

List of contents
Beam-columns:
examples

EXAMPLE 1
- Step 2: reduction coefficients due to flexural buckling, y and z
Plane xz - LE,y = 6.0 m.

y =

LE , y 1
6
1
=

= 0.53 ;
i y 1 14.95 10 2 93.9 0.81

= 0.21
= 0.68

Curve a (Table 6.2 of EC3-1-1);

y = 0.90 .

Plane xy - LE,z = 3.0 m, assuming that secondary beams prevent

displacements of the braced cross sections in the y direction.

z =
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LE,z 1
3 .0
1
=

= 1.04 ;
2
i z 1 3.79 10
93.9 0.81

= 0.34
= 1.18

Curve b (Table 6.2 of EC3-1-1);

z = 0.58 .

L29 Design of beam-columns. Examples

Conceptual Design
of Buildings

Module B Design of Steel Members

List of contents
Beam-columns:
examples

EXAMPLE 1
- Step 3: calculation of the LT using the alternative method applicable to
rolled or equivalent welded sections (clause 6.3.2.3 of EC3-1-1)

I WI T
EG
L
2

Iz
E
IT
G
L

r
Ec

The length between braced sections is L = 3.0 m. A conservative estimation

of Mcr (considering the upper segment as a isolated member) expression
(3.100) is given by the following formula (Trahair):
C1 = 1.31 Mcr = 650kNm

r
c

5
7
.
0

k
R

,
y
M M

T
L

= 0.50 m = 1.30 M cr = 644.9 kNm

As LT = 0.49 (rolled I or H sections with h b > 2 curve c and, from

clause 6.3.2.3 of EC3-1-1, taking LT , 0 = 0.4 and, = 0.75 , gives:

LT = 0.80 LT = 0.79 .
The correction factor kc and parameter f, according to Table 6.6 of EC3-1-1,
with = 0.50, are given by:
kc =
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1
= 0.86 ;
1.33 0.33

f = 1 0.5 (1 0.86) 1 2.0 (0.75 0.8) = 0.93 ,

2

The modified lateral-torsional buckling reduction factor is obtained:

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LT ,mod = 0.79 0.93 = 0.85 .

L29 Design of beam-columns. Examples

Conceptual Design
of Buildings

Module B Design of Steel Members

List of contents
Beam-columns:
examples

EXAMPLE 1
- Step 4: interaction factors kyy and kzy.
Because the member is susceptible to torsional deformations, the interaction
factors are obtained from Table B.2 of EC3-1-1.
First, the equivalent factors of uniform moment Cmy and CmLT are obtained
based on the bending moment diagram, between braced sections according
to the z direction in case of Cmy and laterally in case of CmLT. Assuming a
member braced in z direction at base and top sections and laterally at the
base, mid-height and top, the factors Cmy and CmLT are evaluating as
following described:
0
4
.
0

0
4
.
0

)=
( )=

0
8
.
0

0
6
.
0

5
0 .
.
0 0
4
4 .
.
0 0

0
6
.
0

T
L

0
6
.
0

C mC m

= M 1 / 2height M y, Ed ,top = ( 110) ( 220) = 0.5 ;

( >
( >

);
)

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L29 Design of beam-columns. Examples

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Conceptual Design
of Buildings

Module B Design of Steel Members

List of contents
EXAMPLE 1
y

;
3
2
6
.
0

0
.
0
8
2

0
.
1
9
.
1
8
5
2
0
9
.
0

2
.
0

3
5
.
0

0
6
.
0

+(

2
.
0

+ (

Cm

N EN R

The interaction factors kyy and kzy are given by:

ky

Beam-columns:
examples

N Ed
as k yy =0.623
= 0.66
0.83 C my 1 + 0.8
0.90 ,

y
Rk
M1

giving k yy =0.623
0.83 .

N Ed
0.1 z
k zy = 1
=
(C mLT 0.25) z N Rk M 1

0.11.04
280.0
= 1
0.97
= 0.96
(0.80 0.25) 0.58 2581.9 1.0

;
0
.
1

<

0
.
1

<

8
8
.
0

then k zy = 0.97 .

7
5
.
0

0
.
0
2
2

0
.
0
2
2

0
.
1
7
.
1
6
3
5
8
.
0

7
9
.
0

0
.
0
8
2

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0
.
1
9
.
1
8
5
2
8
5
.
0

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0
.
1
7
.
1
6
3
5
8
.
0

0
.
1
9
.
1
8
5
2
0
9
.
0

3
2
6
.
0

0
.
0
8
2

N Ed
0.1
0.97 1
as k zy =0.96
= 0.97 ,
(C mLT 0.25) z N Rk M 1

It is concluded that the IPE 360 is adequate.

L29 Design of beam-columns. Examples

11

Conceptual Design
of Buildings

Module B Design of Steel Members

List of contents
Beam-columns:
examples

EXAMPLE 1
Calculation using Semi-Comp Member Design

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L29 Design of beam-columns. Examples

12

Conceptual Design
of Buildings

Module B Design of Steel Members

List of contents
Beam-columns:
examples

EXAMPLE 1
Calculation using
Semi-Comp
Member Design

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L29 Design of beam-columns. Examples

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Conceptual Design
of Buildings

Module B Design of Steel Members

List of contents
Beam-columns:
examples

EXAMPLE 2
Check the safety of the indicated column, in accordance with EC3-1-1.
Pinned supports
Rigid joints
Beams: Levels 1 and 2 IPE 450
Level 3 IPE 360
Columns: External HEB 220
Internal HEB 260
Material: S 235

Roof

Storey 2
Storey 1

Typical frame

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3D View of a module with 2 frames

L29 Design of beam-columns. Examples

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Conceptual Design
of Buildings

Module B Design of Steel Members

List of contents
Beam-columns:
examples

EXAMPLE 2
NEd = 884.91 kN (compression);
My,Ed = 115.13 kNm;
Vz,Ed = negligible.

2nd order bending moments (aprox.)

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2nd order axial force (approx.)

L29 Design of beam-columns. Examples

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Conceptual Design
of Buildings

Module B Design of Steel Members

List of contents
Beam-columns:
examples

EXAMPLE 2
LE , y = 0.78 L = 0.78 3.50 = 2.73 m

LE , z = L = 3.50 m

(obtained by Woods method)

Braced structure

LLT = L = 3.50 m
Resolution

884.91
115.13
+ 0.61
= 0.325 + 0.241 = 0.566 < 1.0
0.979 2782.4 1.0
0.966 301.5 1.0
884.91
115.13
+ 0.94
= 0.395 + 0.372 = 0.767 < 1.0
0.805 2782.4 1.0
0.966 301.5 1.0
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Section O.K.
L29 Design of beam-columns. Examples

16

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This lecture was prepared for the Edition 1 of SUSCOS (2012/14) by
RUI SIMES (UC) and FLOREA DINU (UPT).
This lecture was improved for the Edition 4 of SUSCOS (2015/17) by
RUI SIMES (UC), FLOREA DINU (UPT) and JEAN-FRANOIS
DEMONCEAU (UL).

The SUSCOS powerpoints are covered by copyright and are for the exclusive use by the
SUSCOS teachers in the framework of this Erasmus Mundus Master. They may be
improved by the various teachers throughout the different editions.

Thank you
for your attention
http://steel.fsv.cvut.cz/suscos