--1-

&

SPE 544

!PedmicalI?ote

-WATER CONING
-

ced aid use-@

formula which
enable to ::::i-L!?:Jz
...
.,
late the maximum permissible pressure drop at

the bottom of th.:jJwell,

and consequently

the

maximum with~,draw#.
rate of hydrocarbgm from
1

thewell.
b

)) 00

((

;:6

All--canfsSWthat in the literature

since

some years were puhli.shed,rnanypapers de%lirvT

with water coning in the wells. Irlsome of
thosepapers Iuthorsarrive at final.rel~.=
tibnships more or less complicated which~im

production of liquid.or g&eous

hydrocarbons,

.I?e-tween
all those relationships wehave
found one whichisvery tia~yto use,, in cm=
to~ee some LMlmow aspect of coning.

.-

1..

,
,.

F/F

-2-= Ok@mioal Note

.,,

We will present only thefinal formula,

explfain

how to use it, Eor its derivation

refer to the Mtsrature cited at the end of

this Noten.
Lapuk, Brudno and Somov [l] , utilizing
M.Muskat and A.I. Ciarneiss results, arrive
at

the following simple fomitik t

(1)
. .

The author Uevide the coning zone (fig.1)

in two parts which the~ call exterior and in=

t6rioF.
~.
&mbol~ of relatioqs~ip (l),haY@the
/

drop in the exterior zone

Ay(iwz)
;..
drop in the interior zone

h;= total *Y

formation he+gth

- Cm (from

water contaot to the *~P) ;

z = dist~C!e from well OfzOne $3eparatiO~
(?ig.1 )

-cm -;.

3
. -..4A.L *.ma?tiW!.pr?du.ti~n,~te
.. - cm /seo. ;

.-

..

-,
3-

TeohnicalNote

F/F

s
A = resistance coefficient given by iuro,ve
xnensionsare that of th!!reverse of pro=
em
-.
f
ductivity index -

APE s

maximum permissible pressure drop at the

bottom of the we12.

Equation (1) has the ohamcteristic of

+,,. 5Xltn70
dividing the total pressure drop
parts$ the first ofthd~ei# static one, id.

the
I

drop

due

to

the

imperfect well, id.

pressure
to

the

degree of well penetration into forllia%ion$

ank

to

the

number and degree of pe@omtionE

II-L equation

(1)

one can see that well

-4

- Technicalnote

F/%

%hL

Iiwe

-T-

PU* well i~pr~ductio~ with the

rat,eQlti which wo~d

@ve a Press~e drop

,A p as say us eqaation (1) -d practically

P
the pressure.
drop ismore th= APP thiswould
meiinthat there is an ~additive skin-effect
superposed to the ~apparent skin-effectn.

This additive skin-effect g#atly

- affeat water
coning, and remedial works as acidizing U*;
fracturing jobs will sensibly reduce the water
coriingtowards th~bottom of the welle
We

must note that remedial works many

times increase also the pefiorationsyenetrtion into formation reducing apparent skin- ,-

,-

,...

.effectso that in many practical cases, effecti=

we reachsituations
:as that
vely expertenced$
.>

illustrated in fik. 10.

~~te

The maximuk allowble

21* is given

by z

~.h2~
v
,Qlti =
,

q lim

cm 3/see

(2)

.,

,,

P
.

where
permeability of formation, de~ermined
.

-. . .-

,-

f&~m.pre&uZe build-up
cm.r@
-darcy.-;
,.-..
.
-- ...,-..:
........
. .. .. .

1
.

.-

-:.:

,..-.
,,. .

,,,

2edm$caZNote
. .

-5-

F/F

..

f*qi.._2.

._._.

...

. .

cJ =

d
(3)
h

where

d =

drainage radius, which can be calcuWt63d

from pressure build-up curve or which

-.
i

,,

>7
, ,,
/.,,,/

cm5

(3)
.2~Kh

kg-see

,.

. where

;,.

..

./

Jk*cp.:
.-

. ..

.. . ..-

.. ----- .-.
../.
, /.

t
-.

,!

,.

-6-

TechnicalNote

F/F

K = darcy ;
h=

cm;

rd= drainage radius -cm;

rw = well

radius - cm

(M.t)

C = Muskatls

coefficien~ of imperfect well

which is easily determined from Surov-ts

Cumresc

Summ drop unto two parts the coefficient

+

C k (!1+ C2 where C2 refers to the penetration.

degree

of the well into formation (fig.9), atid

(31refers to the number and pemetratiqn of

perforations;!l?.his
latter can be read in the
litterzi~ure,
but can be also evaluatedusing
a ~low equation written in thisform :

-Ap=

aQ+b3.

,.

foi liquids

,,

i (4)

where
a

,,

Ap = ~,8- Pf =. m-~d
Of

@oy

at

the bottom

,.

the well kg/cm2 ;

a, b

= constants;

= rate of productIon-

.3
=/@w

..

,,

3ZLVERA1LM:

,.

.
,

- 8-

F/F

Technical190te

d~ = diameter created by bullets ~ 0,02+

m , thorn
..
,,

dV
dG

f-d
= 0,054

,,.,

d= 0,054 (curve htweenj

Than C=
woin

and 4) werea~ Cl A4 .
,.

6+4=10,

<J,
<
fig. 2 with ~= 4976 and ht = 0,453-~;iead
,,

qlim

= otlo9

FrO~ $ig. 3 withqzti= o~lW and ,p = 4s76

.~
-.
.-,.
,.

we read Z = 0,805.
= 0,8~5 xh

x 34 metezw. Thi& means

stance of 34 meters from the WG~l ~t~r

:l*Z
,.
already 8 metersup original.ga~-=ter contact~

is

Maximum rate of production Qlti is

4
. .

..

Kh?j~
Qlm = ql~=
/w
/>

0,07.7x422 X 0,000925-104
x
.
, ,
0,016
t

,.

x (),10$3
: 8560 cm3/see.,at Tormatiqn confii.tions$
.igdo
> ..

.. -..:
,,

.-

,.,:

..

. .

,,-,

9-

I?/l?

!i%chnical
Note

.r

d
--+-c!

)=

rw

4200 X 0,000925
6,28.
,A.l?.
A. =

,,

..

ACVU=Z)

0$000925 ( 4200 -3400 ) =

,,

..

--nook-..-..
.,
,.-.. ..

.
. ..-..
, ..!-.
.

,..
.,i,

.-:. .--. ... . .... . ..

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. .. .
.

,.

.T,p=

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..

,.

..

,,

~.,

,.

i,,
,

,,

,
,.

., .
<. ,,
.,, ,

,,

..

Pglitidn

of skin-t

ffects

in tbe prsssuf

-..- .,

Q biiiid-up
.

curve

n Cycltg.

2-

Apparent

,,

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